1. Alliteration (अलिटरेशन
/ uh-LIT-uh-RAY-shun) – This is a figure of speech in which the same sound is
repeated at the beginning of two or more nearby words.
हिंदी
अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें दो या दो से अधिक निकटवर्ती शब्दों के प्रारम्भ में एक ही ध्वनि की पुनरावृत्ति होती है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଦୁଇ କିମ୍ବା ଦୁଇରୁ ଅଧିକ ନିକଟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଶବ୍ଦର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ସମାନ ଧ୍ୱନିର ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି ଘଟେ।
1. She sells seashells by the seashore.
2. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.
3. The wild wind whistled through the woods.
4. Busy bees buzzed around the blossoms.
5. The fair breeze blew softly.
2. Assonance
(असोनन्स
/ ASS-uh-nuhns) – This
is a figure of speech in which the same vowel sound is repeated in
nearby words.
हिंदी
अनुवाद:
यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें निकटवर्ती शब्दों में एक ही स्वर ध्वनि (vowel sound) की पुनरावृत्ति होती है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ନିକଟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ସମାନ ସ୍ୱରଧ୍ୱନି (vowel sound) ର ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି ଘଟେ।
1. The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.
2. Go and mow the lawn.
3. The light of the fire shined bright.
4. Try to light the fire tonight.
5. The bee flew free near the tree.
3. Consonance (कॉन्सोनन्स / KON-suh-nuhns) – This is a figure of speech in which the same
consonant sound is repeated within or at the end of nearby words.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें निकटवर्ती शब्दों के भीतर या उनके अन्त में एक ही व्यंजन ध्वनि (consonant sound)
की पुनरावृत्ति होती है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ନିକଟବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଭିତରେ କିମ୍ବା ଶେଷରେ ସମାନ ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନ ଧ୍ୱନି (consonant sound)
ର ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି ଘଟେ।
1. Pitter-patter.
2. The lumpy, bumpy road.
3. Stroke of luck.
4. Blank and think.
5. Add and read.
4. Onomatopoeia
(ओनोमैटोपीया
/ ON-uh-MAT-uh-PEE-uh) – This is a figure of speech in which words imitate natural
sounds.
हिंदी
अनुवाद:
यह एक अलंकार है
जिसमें शब्द किसी प्राकृतिक
ध्वनि का अनुकरण या
नकल करते हैं।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରାକୃତିକ ଧ୍ୱନିର ଅନୁକରଣ କିମ୍ବା ନକଲ କରନ୍ତି।
1. The bees buzzed around the hive.
2. The snake hissed loudly.
3. The door creaked open.
4. The thunder boomed in the distance.
5. The clock ticked all night.
5. Rhyme (राइम / RYM) – This is a figure of speech in which
words have similar ending sounds.
हिंदी
अनुवाद:
यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें शब्दों के अन्त में समान या मिलती-जुलती ध्वनियाँ होती हैं।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଶେଷରେ ସମାନ କିମ୍ବା ସଦୃଶ ଧ୍ୱନି ଥାଏ।
1. Light – night.
2. Star – far.
3. Sky – high.
4. Day – play.
5. Tree – free.
6. Simile –
(सिमिली
/ SIM-uh-lee) – This
is a figure of speech in which two unlike things are directly compared
using "like" or "as" to show a likeness between them.
हिंदी
अनुवाद:
यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें दो भिन्न वस्तुओं की तुलना "like" या "as" का प्रयोग करके उनके बीच की समानता को दिखाने के लिए की जाती है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା
ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଦୁଇଟି ଭିନ୍ନ ବସ୍ତୁ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟକୁ ଦର୍ଶାଇବା ପାଇଁ "like" କିମ୍ବା "as" ବ୍ୟବହାର କରି ସିଧାସଳଖ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଏ।
1. As brave as a lion.
2. As busy as a bee.
3. He fought like a tiger.
4. Her face shone like the moon.
5. She is as gentle as a lamb.
7. Metaphor
(मेटाफर / MET-uh-for) – This is a figure of speech in which one thing is
indirectly compared to another without using "like" or "as"
to show a likeness between them.
हिंदी
अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें एक वस्तु की तुलना दूसरी वस्तु से "like" या "as" का प्रयोग किए बिना अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से की जाती है, ताकि उनके बीच की समानता को दर्शाया जा सके।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ବସ୍ତୁକୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ବସ୍ତୁ ସହିତ "like" କିମ୍ବା
"as" ବ୍ୟବହାର ନ କରି ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭାବରେ ତୁଳନା କରାଯାଏ, ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ସେମାନଙ୍କ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ସାଦୃଶ୍ୟକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରାଯାଏ।
1. Time is a thief.
2. The world is a stage.
3. Life is a journey.
4. Her voice is music to my ears.
5. He is a shining star.
8.
Personification – (पर्सोनिफिकेशन / per-SON-uh-fi-KAY-shun)
– This is a figure of
speech in which human qualities are given to animals, objects, or ideas.
हिंदी
अनुवाद:
यह एक अलंकार है
जिसमें पशुओं, वस्तुओं या विचारों को
मानवीय गुण प्रदान किए
जाते हैं।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ
ଅନୁବାଦ:
ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ
ପଶୁ, ବସ୍ତୁ କିମ୍ବା ଧାରଣାମାନଙ୍କୁ
ମାନବୀୟ ଗୁଣ ପ୍ରଦାନ କରାଯାଏ।
1. The wind whispered through the trees.
2. The sun smiled at us.
3. The flowers danced in the breeze.
4. Opportunity knocked at the door.
5. The stars winked in the sky.
9. Apostrophe
(अपॉस्ट्रॉफी / uh-POS-truh-fee) – This is a figure of speech in which an absent
person, an abstract idea, or an object is addressed directly.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी अनुपस्थित व्यक्ति, अमूर्त विचार या निर्जीव वस्तु को सीधे संबोधित किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି ଅନୁପସ୍ଥିତ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି, ଅମୂର୍ତ୍ତ ଧାରଣା କିମ୍ବା ବସ୍ତୁକୁ ସିଧାସଳଖ ସମ୍ବୋଧନ କରାଯାଏ।
O Death, where is thy sting?
O Moon, guide me tonight.
O Love, why do you trouble me?
O Time, slow down your pace.
Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what
you are!
10. Imagery – This is a figure of speech in which
language appeals to one or more of the five senses.
Easy Way to Remember
Visual → Auditory → Olfactory → Gustatory → Tactile
→ Kinesthetic → Organic
(Sight → Hearing → Smell → Taste → Touch → Movement
→ Internal Feelings)
1. Visual Imagery (Sight)
1. The bright rainbow stretched across the sky.
2. The silver moon shone over the quiet lake.
3. The colourful butterflies fluttered among the
flowers.
2. Auditory Imagery (Hearing)
1. The church bells rang loudly across the valley.
2. The birds chirped cheerfully in the morning.
3. The thunder roared through the dark clouds.
3. Olfactory Imagery (Smell)
1. The sweet fragrance of roses filled the air.
2. The aroma of freshly baked bread drifted from the
kitchen.
3. The scent of wet earth rose after the rain.
4. Gustatory Imagery (Taste)
1. The crunchy chips crackled in my mouth.
2. The juicy mango tasted sweet and refreshing.
3. The sour lemon made my lips pucker.
5. Tactile Imagery (Touch)
1. The icy wind stung my face.
2. The golden sun warmed my skin.
3. The soft blanket felt cosy and comforting.
6. Kinesthetic Imagery (Movement)
1. The athlete sprinted across the field.
2. The dancer twirled gracefully on the stage.
3. The leaves swirled in the strong wind.
7. Organic Imagery (Internal Sensation)
1. My stomach growled with hunger.
2. Exhaustion weighed heavily on my body after the
race.
3. Fear made my heart pound rapidly.
11. Symbolism – This is a figure of speech in which
an object, person, or action represents a deeper meaning.
1. A dove symbolizes peace.
2. A red rose symbolizes love.
3. A crown symbolizes authority.
4. A chain symbolizes bondage.
5. A white flag symbolizes surrender.
12.
Hyperbole (हाइपरबोली / hy-PUR-buh-lee) – This is a figure of speech in which something is
deliberately exaggerated for emphasis.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी बात को विशेष प्रभाव उत्पन्न करने के लिए जानबूझकर बढ़ा-चढ़ाकर प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି କଥାକୁ ବିଶେଷ ପ୍ରଭାବ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବା ପାଇଁ ଜାଣିଶୁଣି ଅତିରଞ୍ଜିତ ଭାବରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରାଯାଏ।
1. I've told you a million times.
2. This bag weighs a ton.
3. I'm so hungry I could eat a horse.
4. She cried a river of tears.
5. He ran faster than the wind.
13. Oxymoron
(ऑक्सीमोरॉन / OX-ee-MOR-on) – This is a figure of speech in which two
contradictory words are placed together.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें परस्पर विरोधी अर्थ वाले दो शब्दों को एक साथ रखा जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ପରସ୍ପର ବିରୋଧୀ ଅର୍ଥ ଥିବା ଦୁଇଟି ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ଏକାଠି ରଖାଯାଏ।
1. Deafening silence.
2. Bitter sweet.
3. Living dead.
4. Open secret.
5. Seriously funny.
14. Paradox
(पैराडॉक्स / PAIR-uh-doks) – This is a figure of speech in which a statement
appears contradictory but contains a truth.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें कोई कथन देखने में विरोधाभासी प्रतीत होता है, किन्तु उसमें एक सत्य निहित होता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି କଥନ ଦୃଶ୍ୟତଃ ବିରୋଧାଭାସୀ ମନେହୁଏ, କିନ୍ତୁ ତାହାର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ସତ୍ୟ ନିହିତ ଥାଏ।
1. Less is more.
2. The beginning of the end.
3. I must be cruel to be kind.
4. The only constant is change.
5. Wise fools often teach us much.
15. Repetition
(रेपिटिशन / rep-uh-TISH-un) – This is a figure of speech in which a word, phrase,
or idea is repeated for emphasis.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी शब्द, वाक्यांश या विचार को विशेष बल देने के लिए बार-बार दोहराया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି ଶବ୍ଦ, ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ କିମ୍ବା ଧାରଣାକୁ ବିଶେଷ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ ଦେବା ପାଇଁ ବାରମ୍ବାର ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରାଯାଏ।
1. Never, never, never give up.
2. Alone, alone, all alone.
3. Work, work, work till success comes.
4. Run, run, run as fast as you can.
5. Victory, victory, victory was on everyone's lips.
16. Anaphora
(अनाफोरा / uh-NAF-uh-ruh) – This is a figure of speech in which the same word
or phrase is repeated at the beginning of successive lines, clauses, or
sentences.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें लगातार आने वाली पंक्तियों, उपवाक्यों या वाक्यों के प्रारम्भ में एक ही शब्द या वाक्यांश की पुनरावृत्ति की जाती है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କ୍ରମାଗତ ପଙ୍କ୍ତି, ଉପବାକ୍ୟ କିମ୍ବା ବାକ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କର ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ସମାନ ଶବ୍ଦ କିମ୍ବା ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶର ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରାଯାଏ।
1. I
have a dream that one day...
2. I have a dream that justice will prevail.
3. We shall fight on the beaches.
4. We shall fight on the landing grounds.
5. We shall never surrender.
17. Refrain
(रिफ्रेन / ree-FRAYN) – This is a figure of speech in which a line or group
of lines is repeated at regular intervals in a poem.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी कविता में एक पंक्ति या पंक्तियों के समूह को नियमित अंतराल पर बार-बार दोहराया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କବିତାରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ପଙ୍କ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ପଙ୍କ୍ତିଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଏକ ଦଳକୁ ନିୟମିତ ବ୍ୟବଧାନରେ ପୁନଃପୁନି ଦୋହରାଯାଏ।
1. Nevermore. (repeated in The Raven)
2. Let it be, let it be.
3. Row, row, row your boat.
4. And miles to go before I sleep.
5. For he's a jolly good fellow.
18. Enjambment
(एंजैम्बमेंट / en-JAMB-ment) – This is a figure of speech in which a sentence or
thought continues from one line to the next without a pause.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें कोई वाक्य या विचार बिना विराम के एक पंक्ति से अगली पंक्ति तक चलता रहता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ବାକ୍ୟ କିମ୍ବା ଚିନ୍ତା ବିନା ବିରାମରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ପଙ୍କ୍ତିରୁ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ପଙ୍କ୍ତିକୁ ଚାଲିଯାଏ।
1. I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills.
2. The sun set slowly beyond the hill
And darkness covered the land.
3. She opened the door
And stepped into the room.
4. The river flowed gently
Through the silent valley.
5. He looked ahead
And saw hope in the distance.
19. Caesura
(सीज़ूरा / sih-ZYOOR-uh) – This is a figure of speech in which there is a
pause within a line of poetry.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें कविता की एक पंक्ति के भीतर जानबूझकर एक विराम (ठहराव) दिया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କବିତାର ଗୋଟିଏ ପଙ୍କ୍ତି ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଇଚ୍ଛାକୃତ ଭାବେ ଏକ ବିରାମ ବା ଠିଆ ଦିଆଯାଏ।
1. The woods are lovely, dark and deep, || But I have
promises to keep.
2. To err is human, || to forgive divine.
3. The rain fell softly || through the silent night.
4. I hear lake water lapping || with low sounds by the
shore.
5. Men may come and men may go, || but I go on
forever.
(The symbol || is used only to show the pause.)
20. Pun
(पन / pun) – This is a figure of speech in which a word is used
to suggest two or more meanings for humorous or clever effect.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी शब्द का प्रयोग उसके दो या अधिक अर्थों का संकेत देने के लिए हास्यपूर्ण या चतुर प्रभाव उत्पन्न करने हेतु किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଶବ୍ଦକୁ ଦୁଇ କିମ୍ବା ତାଠାରୁ ଅଧିକ ଅର୍ଥ ସୂଚାଇ ହାସ୍ୟାସ୍ପଦ କିମ୍ବା ଚତୁର ପ୍ରଭାବ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ।
1. A bicycle can't stand on its own because it is two-tired.
Pun: two-tired ↔ too tired
·
Two-tired literally means having two tyres (a bicycle has two tyres).
·
Too tired means very tired or exhausted.
·
The joke comes from the similar sound of the
two expressions.
2. Time flies like an arrow; fruit flies like a banana.
Pun: flies
·
In the first part, flies means passes
quickly.
·
In the second part, fruit flies refers
to a type of insect.
·
The word like also changes meaning:
·
like an arrow = in the manner of an arrow.
·
like a banana = enjoy or prefer a banana.
·
The double meanings create the humour.
3. A boiled egg is hard to beat.
Pun: beat
·
A boiled egg is hard to beat (whisk/stir)
because it is already cooked and hard.
·
A boiled egg is hard to beat (surpass/find
better than).
The pun works because the same word beat carries both meanings at
the same time.
The second meaning here is better understood as "surpass"
or "find something better than" rather than simply "defeat."
That is the intended joke.
4. I used to be a banker but I lost interest.
Pun: interest
·
Interest in banking means the money earned on savings or loans.
·
Interest also means enthusiasm or curiosity.
·
The speaker may have lost enthusiasm for the
job, but the sentence humorously suggests a banking meaning as well.
5. The fisherman was hooked on his job.
Pun: hooked
·
Hooked literally relates to a fish being caught by a hook.
·
Hooked on also means strongly attracted to or addicted to something.
·
Since a fisherman uses hooks, both meanings
apply cleverly.
In all five sentences, the humour comes from a word or phrase carrying two
meanings simultaneously, which is the essence of a Pun.
21. Irony
(आयरनी / EYE-ruh-nee) – This is a figure of speech in which the actual
meaning is different from or opposite to what is expected.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें वास्तविक अर्थ अपेक्षित अर्थ से भिन्न या उसके विपरीत होता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ପ୍ରକୃତ ଅର୍ଥ ଆଶା କରାଯାଇଥିବା ଅର୍ଥଠାରୁ ଭିନ୍ନ କିମ୍ବା ତାହାର ବିପରୀତ ହୋଇଥାଏ।
1. A fire station burns down.
2. A traffic policeman gets fined for speeding.
3. The lifeguard needs rescuing.
4. A dentist has bad teeth.
5. The strongest swimmer drowns in shallow water.
22. Antithesis
(एन्टिथेसिस / an-TITH-uh-sis) – This is a figure of speech in which contrasting
ideas are placed together in a balanced structure.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें परस्पर विरोधी विचारों को संतुलित संरचना में एक साथ रखा जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ପରସ୍ପର ବିପରୀତ ଧାରଣା କିମ୍ବା ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରାକୁ ଏକ ସନ୍ତୁଳିତ ଗଠନରେ ଏକାଠି ରଖାଯାଏ।
1. Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
2. Many are called, but few are chosen.
3. Man proposes, God disposes.
4. United we stand, divided we fall.
5. Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
23. Euphemism
(युफ़ेमिज़्म / YOO-fuh-miz-um) – This is a figure of speech in which a mild or
pleasant expression is used instead of a harsh or unpleasant one.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी कठोर, अप्रिय या असुविधाजनक बात को सीधे कहने के बजाय उसके स्थान पर कोमल, सौम्य या सुखद अभिव्यक्ति का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି କଠୋର, ଅପ୍ରିୟ କିମ୍ବା ଅସୁବିଧାଜନକ କଥାକୁ ସିଧାସଳଖ କହିବା ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ଏକ ମୃଦୁ, ସୌମ୍ୟ କିମ୍ବା ସୁଖଦ ଅଭିବ୍ୟକ୍ତି ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ।
1. He passed away. (died)
2. She is visually challenged. (blind)
3. They are economically disadvantaged. (poor)
4. He is between jobs. (unemployed)
5. The company downsized its workforce. (fired
workers)
24. Transferred
Epithet (ट्रांसफर्ड एपिथेट / trans-FERD EP-uh-thet) – This is a figure of speech in which an adjective is
transferred from the person or thing it properly describes to another noun.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी विशेषण को उस व्यक्ति या वस्तु के स्थान पर, जिसका वह वास्तव में वर्णन करता है, किसी अन्य संज्ञा के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଯେଉଁ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ବସ୍ତୁକୁ ବିଶେଷଣଟି ପ୍ରକୃତରେ ବର୍ଣ୍ଣନା କରେ, ତାହାର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତେ ସେହି ବିଶେଷଣକୁ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ସଂଜ୍ଞା ସହିତ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ।
1. A sleepless night.
2. He spent a restless night.
3. She walked along the lazy road.
4. The anxious chair waited in the corridor.
5. We enjoyed a carefree holiday.
25. Metonymy
(मेटोनिमी / meh-TON-uh-mee) – This is a figure of speech in which the name of one
thing is used for another closely associated with it.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी वस्तु, व्यक्ति या विचार के स्थान पर उससे घनिष्ठ रूप से संबंधित किसी अन्य नाम का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ବସ୍ତୁ, ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ଧାରଣାର ସ୍ଥାନରେ ତାହା ସହ ଘନିଷ୍ଠ ଭାବରେ ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ଅନ୍ୟ ଏକ ନାମ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ।
1. The Crown announced new laws.
2. The White House issued a statement.
3. The pen is mightier than the sword.
4. Hollywood produces many films.
5. The throne was inherited by the prince.
26. Synecdoche
(सिनेक्डोकी / si-NEK-duh-kee) – This is a figure of speech in which a part
represents the whole or the whole represents a part.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी भाग का प्रयोग पूरे के लिए या पूरे का प्रयोग किसी भाग के लिए किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି ଅଂଶକୁ ସମଗ୍ରର ପ୍ରତିନିଧି ଭାବେ କିମ୍ବା ସମଗ୍ରକୁ କୌଣସି ଅଂଶର ପ୍ରତିନିଧି ଭାବେ ବ୍ୟବହାର କରାଯାଏ।
1. All hands on deck.
2. We need more hands to finish the work.
3. Nice wheels! (car)
4. India won the match. (team)
5. Fifty sails entered the harbour. (ships)
27. Allusion
(अल्यूज़न / uh-LOO-zhun) – This is a figure of speech in which an indirect
reference is made to a famous person, place, event, or literary work.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी प्रसिद्ध व्यक्ति, स्थान, घटना या साहित्यिक कृति का अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से उल्लेख किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି ପ୍ରସିଦ୍ଧ ବ୍ୟକ୍ତି, ସ୍ଥାନ, ଘଟଣା କିମ୍ବା ସାହିତ୍ୟିକ କୃତିକୁ ପରୋକ୍ଷ ଭାବରେ ସୂଚିତ କରାଯାଏ।
1. He met his Waterloo.
Allusion: Battle of Waterloo
Background: Napoleon Bonaparte was one of history's
greatest military commanders. After many victories, he suffered a decisive
defeat at Waterloo in 1815, ending his power and ambitions.
Meaning: "He met his Waterloo" means that
he suffered a final and crushing defeat after a period of success.
Example: After years of winning elections, the
politician met his Waterloo in the latest campaign.
2. She is a modern-day Cinderella.
Allusion: Cinderella
Background: Cinderella was a kind girl who was
mistreated by her step family and forced to live a difficult life. Eventually,
her fortunes changed dramatically, and she married a prince.
Meaning: "She is a modern-day Cinderella"
means that she rose from hardship, poverty, or obscurity to success, happiness,
or wealth.
Example: The poor village girl who became a famous
actress is a modern-day Cinderella.
3. This test is my Mount Everest.
Allusion: Mount Everest
Background: Mount Everest is the highest mountain
in the world and one of the most difficult peaks to climb. Reaching its summit
requires great courage, preparation, and determination.
Meaning: "This test is my Mount Everest"
means that the test is an extremely difficult challenge.
Example: For a student weak in mathematics, the
final mathematics examination may be his Mount Everest.
4. He is no Einstein.
Allusion: Albert Einstein
Background: Albert Einstein was a world-famous
scientist whose discoveries transformed modern physics. His name has become a
symbol of exceptional intelligence and genius.
Meaning: "He is no Einstein" means that
he is not exceptionally intelligent or brilliant.
Example: He keeps making simple mistakes in
calculations; he is no Einstein.
5. She has the patience of Job.
Allusion: Job
Background: Job, a figure in the Bible, endured
great suffering, including the loss of his wealth, family, and health. Despite
these hardships, he remained patient and faithful.
Meaning: "She has the patience of Job"
means that she is extraordinarily patient and tolerant, even in difficult
situations.
Example: Teaching a class of very noisy children
requires the patience of Job.
Quick Revision
Waterloo → final defeat
Cinderella → rise from hardship to success
Mount Everest → a very difficult challenge
Einstein → genius; "no Einstein" means
not very intelligent
Job → extraordinary patience and endurance
28. Euphony
(यूफनी / YOO-fuh-nee) – This is a figure of speech in which pleasant and
harmonious sounds are used to create a musical effect.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें मधुर, सुरीले और सामंजस्यपूर्ण ध्वनियों का प्रयोग करके संगीतात्मक प्रभाव उत्पन्न किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ମଧୁର, ସୁରିଳା ଏବଂ ସମନ୍ୱିତ ଧ୍ୱନିଗୁଡ଼ିକର ବ୍ୟବହାର ଦ୍ୱାରା ସଙ୍ଗୀତମୟ ପ୍ରଭାବ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରାଯାଏ।
1. Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness.
2. The murmuring stream flowed gently.
3. Softly sang the silver bells.
4. The moonlight glimmered on the calm sea.
5. Sweet birds sang in the silent grove.
29. Inversion
(Anastrophe) (इन्वर्ज़न / एनास्ट्रोफी / in-VUR-zhun / uh-NAS-truh-fee) – This is a figure of speech in which the normal
order of words is reversed for emphasis or effect.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी विशेष प्रभाव या बल देने के लिए शब्दों के सामान्य क्रम को उलट दिया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ବିଶେଷ ଜୋର କିମ୍ବା ପ୍ରଭାବ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ପାଇଁ ଶବ୍ଦମାନଙ୍କର ସାଧାରଣ କ୍ରମକୁ ଓଲଟାଇ ଦିଆଯାଏ।
1. Sweet are the uses of adversity.
2. Into the room came the teacher.
3. Down the street ran the child.
4. Blessed are the peacemakers.
5. Loud rang the bells.
30. Climax
(क्लाइमैक्स / KLY-max) – This is a figure of speech in which ideas are
arranged in ascending order of importance or intensity.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें विचारों, भावों या घटनाओं को उनके महत्व, शक्ति या तीव्रता के बढ़ते हुए क्रम में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଧାରଣା, ଭାବ କିମ୍ବା ଘଟଣାଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱ, ଶକ୍ତି କିମ୍ବା ତୀବ୍ରତାର ବୃଦ୍ଧିଶୀଳ କ୍ରମରେ ସଜାଯାଏ।
1. He whispered, spoke, and shouted.
2. We came, we saw, we conquered.
3. The child, the youth, and the man stood together.
4. She worked, struggled, and triumphed.
5. For God, for country, and for humanity.
31. Anti-climax
(एण्टी-क्लाइमैक्स / AN-tee KLY-max) – This is a figure of speech in which a serious or
important idea is followed by a trivial or less important one.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी गंभीर, महत्वपूर्ण या ऊँचे विचार के बाद अचानक कोई साधारण, तुच्छ या कम महत्वपूर्ण विचार प्रस्तुत किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି ଗମ୍ଭୀର, ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ କିମ୍ବା ଉଚ୍ଚ ଧାରଣା ପରେ ହଠାତ୍ ଏକ ସାଧାରଣ, ତୁଚ୍ଛ କିମ୍ବା କମ୍ ଗୁରୁତ୍ୱର ଧାରଣା ଉପସ୍ଥାପିତ କରାଯାଏ।
1. He lost his family, his fortune, and his umbrella.
2. The army marched through fire, flood, and a muddy
puddle.
3. She sacrificed her career, her comfort, and her
favourite pen.
4. He fought lions, tigers, and a house cat.
5. The speech dealt with war, peace, and missing
socks.
32. Rhetorical
Question (रेटॉरिकल क्वेश्चन / ri-TOR-i-kəl KWES-chən) – This is a figure of speech in which a question is
asked for effect or emphasis, not to get an answer.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें उत्तर प्राप्त करने के लिए नहीं, बल्कि प्रभाव उत्पन्न करने या किसी बात पर बल देने के लिए प्रश्न पूछा जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଉତ୍ତର ପାଇବା ପାଇଁ ନୁହେଁ, ବରଂ ପ୍ରଭାବ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରିବା କିମ୍ବା କୌଣସି କଥାକୁ ଜୋର ଦେବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ କରାଯାଏ।
1. Who does not want to be happy?
2. Can anyone stop time?
3. Is money everything in life?
4. Who knows what the future holds?
5. How can I ever forget that day?
33. Tautology
(टॉटोलॉजी / taw-TOL-uh-jee) – This is a figure of speech in which the same idea
is repeated using different words.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें एक ही विचार या अर्थ को अलग-अलग शब्दों के माध्यम से दोहराया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ସମାନ ଧାରଣା କିମ୍ବା ଅର୍ଥକୁ ଭିନ୍ନ ଭିନ୍ନ ଶବ୍ଦରେ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରାଯାଏ।
1. I saw it with my own eyes.
2. He returned back home.
3. This is a free gift.
4. We heard it with our own ears.
5. The reason is because he was late.
34. Litotes
(लाइटोटीज़ / LYE-tuh-teez) – This is a figure of speech in which an affirmative
idea is expressed by negating its opposite.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी सकारात्मक विचार को उसके विपरीत के निषेध द्वारा व्यक्त किया जाता है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି ସକାରାତ୍ମକ ଧାରଣାକୁ ତାହାର ବିପରୀତ ଅର୍ଥର ନିଷେଧ ମାଧ୍ୟମରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରାଯାଏ।
1. He is not foolish.
2. The movie was not bad.
3. She is not unhappy.
4. This task is not impossible.
5. He is no ordinary player.
35. Epizeuxis
(एपिज़्यूक्सिस / ep-ih-ZOOK-sis) – This is a figure of speech in which a word
or phrase is repeated immediately without any intervening words for emphasis.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें किसी शब्द या वाक्यांश को बिना किसी अन्य शब्द के बीच आए तुरंत दोहराया जाता है ताकि विशेष बल या जोर दिया जा सके।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ କୌଣସି ଶବ୍ଦ କିମ୍ବା ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶକୁ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅନ୍ୟ କୌଣସି ଶବ୍ଦ ନ ରଖି ତୁରନ୍ତ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରାଯାଏ, ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ବିଶେଷ ଜୋର କିମ୍ବା ପ୍ରଭାବ ସୃଷ୍ଟି ହୁଏ।
1. Never, never give up.
2. Alone, alone, all alone.
3. Run, run, run as fast as you can.
4. Oh no, no, no!
5. Sorry, sorry, I did it by mistake.
36. Polyptoton
(पॉलीप्टोटॉन / pol-IP-toh-ton) – This is a figure of speech in which words derived
from the same root are repeated in different forms.
हिंदी अनुवाद: यह एक अलंकार है जिसमें एक ही मूल शब्द से बने विभिन्न रूपों वाले शब्दों की पुनरावृत्ति की जाती है।
ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଅନୁବାଦ: ଏହା ଏକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ଯେଉଁଥିରେ ଏକେଇ ମୂଳ ଶବ୍ଦରୁ ଗଠିତ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ରୂପର ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ପୁନରାବୃତ୍ତି କରାଯାଏ।
1. The strong should strengthen the weak.
2. Love is not always lovable.
3. The judge delivered a just judgment.
4. We dream of a better dream.
5. The chooser made a wise choice.
