ANSWER KEY TO:- THE SENTENCE: DEFINITION AND ITS TYPES ALONG WITH THE QUESTIONS

 

THE SENTENCE: DEFINITION AND ITS TYPES:

A sentence is a group of words that makes complete sense and expresses/conveys a complete thought/meaning.

Examples:

1.     The sun rises in the east.

2.     She is reading a book.

3.     What a beautiful flower!

4.     Please help me.

Remember: A sentence begins with a capital letter and usually ends with a full stop (.), a question mark (?) or an exclamation mark (!).

वाक्य की परिभाषा: शब्दों का वह समूह जिसका पूर्ण अर्थ निकलता है और जो एक पूर्ण विचार या भाव को प्रकट करता है, उसे वाक्य कहते हैं।

उदाहरण (Examples):

1. सूरज पूर्व में उगता है। (The sun rises in the east.)
2. वह किताब पढ़ रही है। (She is reading a book.)
3. कितना सुंदर फूल है! (What a beautiful flower!)
4. कृपया मेरी मदद करें। (Please help me.)

याद रखें (Remember): एक वाक्य हमेशा बड़े अक्षर (Capital letter) से शुरू होता है और आमतौर पर पूर्ण विराम (.), प्रश्नवाचक चिह्न (?) या विस्मयादिबोधक चिह्न (!) पर समाप्त होता है।

ବାକ୍ୟର ସଂଜ୍ଞା: ଶବ୍ଦଗୁଡ଼ିକର ଏପରି ଏକ ସମୂହ ଯାହା ଏକ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ ଏବଂ ପ୍ରକୃତ ମନର ଭାବ ବା ବିଚାରକୁ ସ୍ପଷ୍ଟ ଭାବରେ ବୁଝାଇଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।

ଉଦାହରଣ :

1.    ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପୂର୍ବ ଦିଗରେ ଉଦୟ ହୁଅନ୍ତି। (The sun rises in the east.)

2.    ସେ ବହି ପଢ଼ୁଛି। (She is reading a book.)

3.    କେଡ଼େ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଫୁଲଟିଏ! (What a beautiful flower!)

4.    ଦୟାକରି ମତେ ସାହାଯ୍ୟ କରନ୍ତୁ। (Please help me.)

ମନେରଖନ୍ତୁ (Remember): ଏକ ଇଂରାଜୀ ବାକ୍ୟ ସର୍ବଦା ବଡ଼ ଅକ୍ଷର (Capital letter) ରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଏବଂ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଏକ ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣଚ୍ଛେଦ (.), ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ଚିହ୍ନ (?) କିମ୍ବା ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ଚିହ୍ନ (!) ରେ ଶେଷ ହୋଇଥାଏ।

**TYPES OF SENTENCES

A sentence can be classified in two ways: according to the meaning it conveys (sense) and according to the way it is constructed (structure). These are two different bases of classification.

DIAGRAM 1 — THE TWO BASES OF CLASSIFICATION

TYPES OF SENTENCES	BASED ON SENSE	BASED ON STRUCTURE
Classification	5 kinds	3 kinds
Focus	What the sentence expresses.	How the sentence is formed.

I. SENTENCES BASED ON SENSE

There are five kinds of sentences based on the meaning or purpose they express:

DIAGRAM 2 — FIVE KINDS BASED ON SENSE

KIND	FUNCTION	EXAMPLE
1. Assertive / Declarative	Makes a statement or declares something.	The earth moves around the sun.
2. Interrogative	Asks a question.	Where do you live?
3. Imperative	Expresses a command, request, advice or instruction.	Please close the door.
4. Exclamatory	Expresses a strong feeling or emotion.	What a beautiful painting!
5. Optative	Expresses a wish, prayer or blessing.	May you succeed in life!

Important points: An assertive sentence may be affirmative or negative. An imperative sentence often has an understood subject, ‘you’. An exclamatory sentence commonly ends with an exclamation mark (!), while an interrogative sentence ends with a question mark (?).

II. SENTENCES BASED ON STRUCTURE

There are three kinds of sentences based on the number and relationship of clauses:

DIAGRAM 3 — THREE KINDS BASED ON STRUCTURE

KIND	STRUCTURE	EXAMPLE
1. Simple	Contains one independent clause (one main clause).	The little boy played in the garden.
2. Compound	Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction or suitable punctuation.	The sun set, and the birds returned to their nests.
3. Complex	Contains one independent clause and at least one dependent (subordinate) clause.	I stayed indoors because it was raining.

Understanding clauses: An independent clause can stand alone as a complete sentence. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete sentence.

*वाक्यों का वर्गीकरण दो आधारों पर किया जाता है:

DIAGRAM 1 — वाक्यों के वर्गीकरण के दो आधार

वाक्य के प्रकार	अर्थ के आधार पर (Sense)	रचना के आधार पर (Structure)
संख्या	5 प्रकार	3 प्रकार
आधार	वाक्य का अर्थ / उद्देश्य	वाक्य की बनावट / उपवाक्य

I. SENTENCES BASED ON SENSE — अर्थ के आधार पर वाक्य

अर्थ या भाव के आधार पर वाक्य पाँच प्रकार के होते हैं:

DIAGRAM 2 — अर्थ के आधार पर पाँच प्रकार

प्रकार	हिंदी में व्याख्या	उदाहरण
1. Assertive / Declarative विधानवाचक वाक्य	जो वाक्य किसी बात, तथ्य या विचार का सामान्य कथन करता है, उसे विधानवाचक वाक्य कहते हैं।	The sun rises in the east. सूर्य पूर्व में उगता है।
2. Interrogative प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य	जिस वाक्य में कोई प्रश्न पूछा जाता है, उसे प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य कहते हैं।	Where do you live? तुम कहाँ रहते हो?
3. Imperative आज्ञावाचक वाक्य	जिस वाक्य से आदेश, अनुरोध, सलाह, प्रार्थना या निर्देश प्रकट हो, उसे आज्ञावाचक वाक्य कहते हैं।	Please open the door. कृपया दरवाज़ा खोलिए।
4. Exclamatory विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य	जिस वाक्य से खुशी, दुःख, आश्चर्य या अन्य तीव्र भावना प्रकट हो, उसे विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य कहते हैं।	What a beautiful flower! कितना सुंदर फूल है!
5. Optative इच्छावाचक वाक्य	जिस वाक्य से इच्छा, कामना, आशीर्वाद या प्रार्थना प्रकट हो, उसे इच्छावाचक वाक्य कहते हैं।	May you succeed! तुम सफल होओ!

ध्यान दें: विधानवाचक वाक्य सकारात्मक या नकारात्मक हो सकता है। आज्ञावाचक वाक्य में कर्ता ‘you’ प्रायः छिपा रहता है। प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य के अंत में (?) तथा विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य के अंत में (!) लगाया जाता है।

II. SENTENCES BASED ON STRUCTURE — रचना के आधार पर वाक्य

उपवाक्यों (clauses) की संख्या और उनके आपसी संबंध के आधार पर वाक्य तीन प्रकार के होते हैं:

DIAGRAM 3 — रचना के आधार पर तीन प्रकार

प्रकार	हिंदी में व्याख्या	उदाहरण
1. Simple Sentence सरल वाक्य	जिस वाक्य में केवल एक स्वतंत्र मुख्य उपवाक्य होता है, उसे सरल वाक्य कहते हैं।	The child is playing. बच्चा खेल रहा है।
2. Compound Sentence संयुक्त वाक्य	जिस वाक्य में दो या दो से अधिक स्वतंत्र मुख्य उपवाक्य होते हैं, जो प्रायः and, but, or जैसे समुच्चयबोधक शब्दों से जुड़े होते हैं, उसे संयुक्त वाक्य कहते हैं।	The sun set, and the birds returned. सूर्य अस्त हुआ और पक्षी लौट आए।
3. Complex Sentence मिश्र वाक्य	जिस वाक्य में एक स्वतंत्र मुख्य उपवाक्य तथा कम-से-कम एक आश्रित उपवाक्य होता है, उसे मिश्र वाक्य कहते हैं।	I stayed indoors because it was raining. मैं घर के अंदर रहा क्योंकि वर्षा हो रही थी।

उपवाक्य को समझें: स्वतंत्र उपवाक्य अपने आप में पूरा अर्थ देता है। आश्रित उपवाक्य अपना पूरा अर्थ देने के लिए मुख्य उपवाक्य पर निर्भर रहता है।

ବାକ୍ୟର ଶ୍ରେଣୀବିଭାଗ ଦୁଇଟି ଆଧାରରେ କରାଯାଇଥାଏ:

DIAGRAM 1 — ବାକ୍ୟ ଶ୍ରେଣୀବିଭାଗର ଦୁଇଟି ଆଧାର

ବାକ୍ୟର ପ୍ରକାର	ଅର୍ଥ ଆଧାରରେ (Sense)	ଗଠନ / ରଚନା ଆଧାରରେ (Structure)
ସଂଖ୍ୟା	୫ ପ୍ରକାର	୩ ପ୍ରକାର
ଆଧାର	ବାକ୍ୟର ଅର୍ଥ / ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ	ବାକ୍ୟର ଗଠନ / ଉପବାକ୍ୟ (Clauses)

I. SENTENCES BASED ON SENSE — ଅର୍ଥ ଆଧାରରେ ବାକ୍ୟ

ଅର୍ଥ ବା ଭାବ ଆଧାରରେ ବାକ୍ୟ ପାଞ୍ଚ ପ୍ରକାରର ହୋଇଥାଏ:

DIAGRAM 2 — ଅର୍ଥ ଆଧାରରେ ପାଞ୍ଚ ପ୍ରକାର

ପ୍ରକାର	ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା	ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ଓ ଉଦାହରଣ (Examples)
1. Assertive / Declarative ବିବୃତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟ କୌଣସି କଥା, ତଥ୍ୟ ବା ବିଚାରର ସାଧାରଣ ବିବୃତି ପ୍ରଦାନ କରେ, ତାହାକୁ ବିବୃତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	The sun rises in the east. (ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ପୂର୍ବ ଦିଗରେ ଉଦୟ ହୁଅନ୍ତି।)
2. Interrogative ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ କୌଣସି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚାରାଯାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	Where do you live? (ତୁମେ କେଉଁଠି ରୁହ?)
3. Imperative ଆଦେଶ/ଅନୁରୋଧସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରୁ ଆଦେଶ, ଅନୁରୋଧ, ଉପଦେଶ, ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା ବା ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ଆଦେଶ/ଅନୁରୋଧସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	Please open the door. (ଦୟାକରି କବାଟଟି ଖୋଲ।)
4. Exclamatory ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରୁ ଆନନ୍ଦ, ଦୁଃଖ, ଆଶ୍ଚର୍ଯ୍ୟ ବା ଅନ୍ୟ କୌଣସି ଗଭୀର ଆବେଗ ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	What a beautiful flower! (କେଡ଼େ ସୁନ୍ଦର ଫୁଲଟିଏ!)
5. Optative ଇଚ୍ଛା/ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା, କାମନା, ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦ ବା ପ୍ରାର୍ଥନା ପ୍ରକାଶ ପାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ଇଚ୍ଛା/ଆଶୀର୍ବାଦସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	May you succeed! (ତୁମେ ସଫଳ ହୁଅ!)

ଧ୍ୟାନ ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ: ବିବୃତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ସକାରାତ୍ମକ (Affirmative) କିମ୍ବା ନକାରାତ୍ମକ (Negative) ହୋଇପାରେ। ଆଦେଶସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟରେ କର୍ତ୍ତା ‘you’ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ଉହ୍ୟ (ଲୁଚି) ରହିଥାଏ। ପ୍ରଶ୍ନସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଶେଷରେ (?) ଏବଂ ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ ଶେଷରେ (!) ଚିହ୍ନ ଲଗାଯାଏ।

II. SENTENCES BASED ON STRUCTURE — ଗଠନ ଆଧାରରେ ବାକ୍ୟ

ଉପବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକର (clauses) ସଂଖ୍ୟା ଏବଂ ସେମାନଙ୍କର ପାରସ୍ପରିକ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧ ଆଧାରରେ ବାକ୍ୟ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାରର ହୋଇଥାଏ:

DIAGRAM 3 — ଗଠନ ଆଧାରରେ ତିନି ପ୍ରକାର

ପ୍ରକାର	ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ବ୍ୟାଖ୍ୟା	ଉଦାହରଣ (Examples)
1. Simple Sentence ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ କେବଳ ଗୋଟିଏ ସ୍ୱାଧୀନ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ (Independent clause) ଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	The child is playing. (ପିଲାଟି ଖେଳୁଛି।)
2. Compound Sentence ଯୌଗିକ ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଦୁଇ ବା ତତୋଧିକ ସ୍ୱାଧୀନ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ ଥାଏ, ଯାହା ପ୍ରାୟତଃ and, but, or ଭଳି ସଂଯୋଜକ ଅବ୍ୟୟ ଦ୍ୱାରା ଯୋଡ଼ି ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତି, ତାହାକୁ ଯୌଗିକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	The sun set, and the birds returned. (ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଅସ୍ତ ହେଲେ ଏବଂ ପକ୍ଷୀମାନେ ଫେରିଗଲେ।)
3. Complex Sentence ଜଟିଳ/ମିଶ୍ର ବାକ୍ୟ	ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ପ୍ରଧାନ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ ଏବଂ ଅତିକମରେ ଗୋଟିଏ ଆଶ୍ରିତ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ (Dependent clause) ଥାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ଜଟିଳ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।	I stayed indoors because it was raining. (ମୁଁ ଘର ଭିତରେ ରହିଲି କାରଣ ବର୍ଷା ହେଉଥିଲା।)

 ଉପବାକ୍ୟକୁ ବୁଝନ୍ତୁ (Understand Clauses): ସ୍ୱାଧୀନ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ ନିଜେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିପାରେ। ଆଶ୍ରିତ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ ନିଜର ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରଧାନ ବା ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଉପବାକ୍ୟ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରିଥାଏ।

TYPE 1 – BASED ON SENSE

1. ASSERTIVE SENTENCE (कथनवाचक वाक्य / विधानवाचक वाक्य)

1. Definition (परिभाषा)

An Assertive Sentence is a sentence that makes a statement or declares something. It may express a fact, an opinion, a thought or a feeling.

हिंदी में: ऐसा वाक्य जो किसी तथ्य, विचार, मत या भावना को साधारण रूप से व्यक्त करता है, कथनवाचक वाक्य कहलाता है।

ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ: ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟ କୌଣସି ତଥ୍ୟ, ମତାମତ, ଚିନ୍ତାଧାରା ବା ଭାବନାକୁ ସାଧାରଣ ଭାବରେ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ, ତାହାକୁ ବିବୃତ୍ତିସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।

2. Structure (ଗଠନ)

Subject + Predicate + Full Stop (.)

Positive (+): Subject + Positive Verb/Predicate + Full Stop (.)

Negative (−): Subject + Helping Verb + Not + Main Verb/Predicate + Full Stop (.)

POSITIVE (+) SENTENCES

1.    He is an honest boy.

2.    The sun rises in the east.

3.    She sings beautifully.

4.    We respect our teachers.

5.    Birds fly in the sky.

NEGATIVE (−) SENTENCES

6.    He is not a dishonest boy.

7.    The sun does not rise in the west.

8.    She does not sing badly.

9.    We do not disrespect our teachers.

10. Birds do not swim in the sky.

3. Important Points

1.    An assertive sentence makes a statement.

2.    It may be positive (affirmative) or negative.

3.    It generally begins with a subject.

4.    It ends with a full stop (.), not a question mark or an exclamation mark.

Remember: Assertive = Affirmative (+) or Negative (−).

Type 2 – Interrogative Sentence (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य / ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ) in the same format.

Interrogative Sentence has two subtypes: verbal or yes/No and wh-

2. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य / ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

TYPE 2 – BASED ON SENSE

1. Definition (परिभाषा)

An Interrogative Sentence is a sentence that asks a question and ends with a question mark (?).

हिंदी में: ऐसा वाक्य जो किसी प्रश्न को पूछता है, प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य कहलाता है।

ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ: ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ କୌଣସି ପ୍ରଶ୍ନ ପଚରାଯାଏ, ତାହାକୁ ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।

2. Types of Interrogative Sentences

There are two types of Interrogative Sentences:

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

↓

1. Verbal

Yes / No Questions

2. WH-

Information Questions

3. Type A – Verbal Interrogative (Yes/No Questions)

Structure:

Helping Verb / Modal Auxiliary + Subject + Main Verb / Predicate + ?

Examples:

1.    Is he a good boy?

2.    Do you play cricket?

3.    Does she sing well?

4.    Can you speak English?

5.    Have they completed their homework?

Important: These questions generally begin with a helping verb or modal auxiliary and can be answered with Yes or No.

4. Type B – WH-Interrogative (Information Questions)

Structure:

WH-Word + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb / Predicate + ?

Examples:

1.    What is your name?

2.    Where do you live?

3.    When will he arrive?

4.    Why are you crying?

5.    How does she solve the problem?

Common Wh-Words:

Wh-Words	Used to ask about
Who	Person (subject)
Whom	Person (object)
Whose	Possession
What	Thing / Information
Which	Choice
When	Time
Where	Place
Why	Reason
How	Manner / Condition

5. Important Points

1.    An interrogative sentence always ends with a question mark (?).

2.    Verbal questions generally require Yes/No answers.

3.    WH-questions require specific information.

4.    In some WH-questions, the WH-word itself acts as the subject.

Example: Who teaches you English?

Note: The structure given above is the general structure; certain questions, particularly those beginning with Who or What as the subject, follow a different word order.

next imperative. definition and explanation to be in trilingual

3. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE (आज्ञावाचक वाक्य / ଆଜ୍ଞାସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ)

TYPE 3 – BASED ON SENSE

1. Definition (परिभाषा)

An Imperative Sentence is a sentence that expresses a command, order, request, advice, suggestion, instruction or prohibition.

हिंदी में: ऐसा वाक्य जो आदेश, आज्ञा, अनुरोध, सलाह, सुझाव, निर्देश या निषेध प्रकट करता है, आज्ञावाचक वाक्य कहलाता है।

ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ: ଯେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟ ଆଦେଶ, ଅନୁରୋଧ, ଉପଦେଶ, ପରାମର୍ଶ, ନିର୍ଦ୍ଦେଶ ବା ନିଷେଧକୁ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ, ତାହାକୁ ଆଜ୍ଞାସୂଚକ ବାକ୍ୟ କୁହାଯାଏ।

2. Structure (ଗଠନ)

Subject (You) + Verb (Base Form) + Object / Complement

Note: The subject 'You' is generally understood and not expressed.

Positive (+): Verb (Base Form) + Object / Complement + Full Stop (.)

Negative (−): Do Not / Don't + Verb (Base Form) + Object / Complement + Full Stop (.)

POSITIVE (+) SENTENCES

1.    Open the door.

2.    Please help the poor.

3.    Always speak the truth.

4.    Kindly take your seat.

5.    Work hard to succeed.

NEGATIVE (−) SENTENCES

6.    Do not make a noise.

7.    Don't waste your time.

8.    Never tell a lie.

9.    Do not touch the wire.

10. Don't pluck the flowers.

3. Different Functions of Imperative Sentences

Function	Example
Command	Stand up.
Order	Leave the room.
Request	Please help me.
Advice	Take regular exercise.
Suggestion	Let's go for a walk.
Instruction	Mix the ingredients well.
Prohibition	Do not enter the room.

4. Important Points

1.    The subject 'You' is generally understood.

2.    The verb is used in its base form (V1).

3.    An imperative sentence may be positive or negative.

4.    It generally ends with a full stop (.), but may end with an exclamation mark (!) when expressing a strong command or emotion.

5.    The word Please is often used to make a request polite.

Remember: Imperative = Command + Request + Advice + Suggestion + Instruction + Prohibition.

ANSWER KEYS FOR:

WORKSHEET – 1

TYPES OF SENTENCES BASED ON SENSE

A. Choose the correct answer. (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is an assertive sentence?

(a) What a beautiful garden it is!
(b) The garden is full of colourful flowers.
(c) May the garden remain beautiful!
(d) Is the garden beautiful?

Ans. (b) The garden is full of colourful flowers.

2. Which punctuation mark generally ends an interrogative sentence?

(a) Full stop (.)
(b) Exclamation mark (!)
(c) Question mark (?)
(d) Comma (,)

Ans. (c) Question mark (?)

3. Which of the following is an imperative sentence expressing a request?

(a) Please lend me your notebook.
(b) What a useful notebook it is!
(c) May you get a new notebook!
(d) Is this your notebook?

Ans. (a) Please lend me your notebook.

4. Which of the following is an exclamatory sentence?

(a) She sings melodiously.
(b) Does she sing melodiously?
(c) How melodiously she sings!
(d) May she sing melodiously!

Ans. (c) How melodiously she sings!

5. Which of the following is an optative sentence?

(a) He is very successful.
(b) Is he successful?
(c) Work hard to succeed.
(d) May he achieve great success!

Ans. (d) May he achieve great success!

6. Which word is commonly used to begin a How-type exclamatory sentence?

(a) What
(b) How
(c) Why
(d) When

Ans. (b) How

7. Which of the following is a verbal interrogative sentence?

(a) Where does he live?
(b) Why is he absent?
(c) Does he live in Delhi?
(d) How beautiful the city is!

Ans. (c) Does he live in Delhi?

8. Which of the following expresses sorrow through an interjection?

(a) Hurrah! We have won the match.
(b) Alas! We have lost the match.
(c) Bravo! You played well.
(d) May we win the next match!

Ans. (b) Alas! We have lost the match.

9. Which of the following is a negative imperative sentence?

(a) You are not careful.
(b) Do not waste your valuable time.
(c) Why are you careless?
(d) May you never be careless!

Ans. (b) Do not waste your valuable time.

10. Which of the following expresses a wish or prayer?

(a) He wants to become a doctor.
(b) Does he want to become a doctor?
(c) May he become a successful doctor!
(d) What a successful doctor he is!

Ans. (c) May he become a successful doctor!

B. Identify the type of sentence.

Identify each sentence as Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Exclamatory or Optative.

1. The children are playing in the garden.

Ans. Assertive Sentence.

2. What a wonderful achievement it is!

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence.

3. May God bless you with happiness!

Ans. Optative Sentence.

4. Where have you kept my dictionary?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence.

5. Please keep your classroom clean.

Ans. Imperative Sentence.

6. How beautifully the birds sing!

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence.

7. The sun rises in the east.

Ans. Assertive Sentence.

8. Do not make unnecessary noise.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Negative).

9. Have you ever visited the Taj Mahal?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence.

10. May you live a long and prosperous life!

Ans. Optative Sentence.

11. Have you completed your homework?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence.

12. Honesty is the best policy.

Ans. Assertive Sentence.

13. Bravo! You have done an excellent job.

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence.

14. Let us help the poor and needy.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Suggestive).

15. What an extraordinary performance it was!

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence.

16. Would that I could fly like a bird!

Ans. Optative Sentence.

17. If only I were a king!

Ans. Optative Sentence.

18. O that my parents might live long!

Ans. Optative Sentence.

19. May your efforts bring you success!

Ans. Optative Sentence.

C. Fill in the blanks.

1. A sentence that makes a statement or declares something is called an __________ sentence.

Ans. Assertive.

2. A sentence that asks a question is called an __________ sentence.

Ans. Interrogative.

3. A sentence that expresses a command, request, advice or instruction is called an __________ sentence.

Ans. Imperative.

4. A sentence that expresses a strong feeling or emotion is called an __________ sentence.

Ans. Exclamatory.

5. A sentence that expresses a wish, prayer or blessing is called an __________ sentence.

Ans. Optative.

6. An assertive sentence generally ends with a __________.

Ans. Full stop (.).

7. A verbal interrogative sentence generally begins with a __________ verb.

Ans. Helping (Auxiliary).

8. An imperative sentence generally uses the __________ form of the verb.

Ans. Base (First) form.

9. An optative sentence often begins with the word __________.

Ans. May.

10. An exclamatory sentence generally expresses a strong __________.

Ans. Feeling (Emotion).

D. State whether the following statements are True or False.

1. An assertive sentence makes a statement or expresses an opinion.

Ans. True.

2. An assertive sentence generally ends with a full stop.

Ans. True.

3. Every interrogative sentence begins with a Wh-word.

Ans. False.

4. An interrogative sentence may begin with a helping verb.

Ans. True.

5. An imperative sentence may express a request or advice.

Ans. True.

6. An imperative sentence always has an explicitly stated subject.

Ans. False.

7. An exclamatory sentence expresses a strong emotion.

Ans. True.

8. An exclamatory sentence generally ends with a question mark.

Ans. False.

9. An optative sentence may express a prayer or blessing.

Ans. True.

10. An optative sentence always expresses sorrow.

Ans. False.

WORKSHEET – 2

E. Identify the subtype of each sentence.

Write:

·       Assertive – Positive or Negative

·       Interrogative – Verbal or Wh

·       Imperative – Positive or Negative

·       Exclamatory – How, What or Interjection

·       Optative – Positive or Negative

1. Does your brother play football?

Ans. Interrogative – Verbal.

2. What a beautiful garden it is!

Ans. Exclamatory – What.

3. May you never lose hope!

Ans. Optative – Negative.

4. Do not make a noise.

Ans. Imperative – Negative.

5. He always speaks politely.

Ans. Assertive – Positive.

6. How cold the weather is!

Ans. Exclamatory – How.

7. Where have you kept my book?

Ans. Interrogative – WH.

8. May God bless your family!

Ans. Optative – Positive.

9. Bravo! You have performed excellently.

Ans. Exclamatory – Interjection.

10. Do not disobey your parents.

Ans. Imperative – Negative.

11. Is he not your best friend?

Ans. Interrogative – Verbal.

12. The students are preparing for their examination.

Ans. Assertive – Positive.

13. Alas! The old man is dead.

Ans. Exclamatory – Interjection.

14. May you always remain happy!

Ans. Optative – Positive.

15. What wonderful ideas these are!

Ans. Exclamatory – What.

16. Would that I could meet my childhood friend again!

Ans. Optative – Positive.

17. If only I had listened to my teacher!

Ans. Optative – Negative.

18. O that peace might prevail throughout the world!

Ans. Optative – Positive.

F. Match the following.

Column A

1. Assertive

2. Interrogative

3. Imperative

4. Exclamatory

5. Optative

Column B

(a) Expresses a wish

(b) Expresses a strong emotion

(c) Makes a statement

(d) Asks a question

(e) Gives a command or request

Ans.

1. Assertive – (c) Makes a statement.

2. Interrogative – (d) Asks a question.

3. Imperative – (e) Gives a command or request.

4. Exclamatory – (b) Expresses a strong emotion.

5. Optative – (a) Expresses a wish.

G. Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence.

1. __________ beautiful the rainbow is! (How / What)

Ans. How beautiful the rainbow is!

2. __________ an intelligent student he is! (How / What)

Ans. What an intelligent student he is!

3. __________ you succeed in life! (May / Do)

Ans. May you succeed in life!

4. __________ you finished your work? (Have / What)

Ans. Have you finished your work?

5. __________ make a noise in the classroom. (Do not / Does not)

Ans. Do not make a noise in the classroom.

6. __________ is your favourite subject? (Who / What)

Ans. What is your favourite subject?

7. __________! We have won the championship. (Hurrah / Alas)

Ans. Hurrah! We have won the championship.

8. __________ God help us! (May / Does)

Ans. May God help us!

9. __________ wonderful paintings these are! (How / What)

Ans. What wonderful paintings these are!

10. __________ you kindly open the window? (Would / What)

Ans. Would you kindly open the window?

11. __________ I could become a famous writer! (Would that / Do)

Ans. Would that I could become a famous writer!

12. __________ I had more time to complete the work! (If only / Does)

Ans. If only I had more time to complete the work!

13. __________ my country might prosper! (O that / Is)

Ans. O that my country might prosper!

H. Rewrite the following sentences as directed.

1. He is a very intelligent boy. (Change into an exclamatory sentence beginning with How.)

Ans. How intelligent a boy he is!

2. It is a very beautiful flower. (Change into an exclamatory sentence beginning with What.)

Ans. What a beautiful flower it is!

3. You should always speak the truth. (Change into a positive imperative sentence.)

Ans. Always speak the truth.

4. Do not waste your time. (Change into a positive imperative sentence.)

Ans. Avoid wasting your time.

5. He is very fortunate. (Change into an exclamatory sentence beginning with How.)

Ans. How fortunate he is!

6. May God bless the poor man! (Change into an assertive sentence expressing the wish.)

Ans. I wish that God may bless the poor man.

7. Is she not a good singer? (Change into an assertive sentence.)

Ans. She is a good singer.

8. The night is very beautiful. (Change into an exclamatory sentence beginning with How.)

Ans. How beautiful the night is!

9. You must not tell a lie. (Change into a negative imperative sentence.)

Ans. Do not tell a lie.

10. What a wonderful achievement it is! (Change into an assertive sentence.)

Ans. It is a very wonderful achievement.

11. I wish I could visit England. (Rewrite beginning with Would that.)

Ans. Would that I could visit England!

12. I wish I had helped the poor man. (Rewrite beginning with If only.)

Ans. If only I had helped the poor man!
WORKSHEET 3

I. Correct the errors in the following sentences.

1. Where you are going?

Ans. Where are you going?

2. How a beautiful flower it is!

Ans. What a beautiful flower it is!

3. What beautiful is the scenery!

Ans. How beautiful the scenery is!

4. May God blesses you!

Ans. May God bless you!

5. Does she sings well?

Ans. Does she sing well?

6. Do not to waste your time.

Ans. Do not waste your time.

7. Never you tell a lie.

Ans. Never tell a lie.

8. What an useful book it is!

Ans. What a useful book it is!

9. How beautifully she sing!

Ans. How beautifully she sings!

10. May you not loses hope!

Ans. May you not lose hope!

11. Would that I can fly like a bird!

Ans. Would that I could fly like a bird!

12. If only I was a millionaire!

Ans. If only I were a millionaire!

13. O that God blesses us!

Ans. O that God might bless us!

J. Identify the function expressed by each imperative sentence.

Choose from: Command, Order, Request, Advice, Suggestion, Instruction, Prohibition.

1. Kindly lend me your pen.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Request).

2. Take the first turning on the left.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Command/Instruction).

3. Never smoke in a public place.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Negative – Prohibition).

4. Work hard to achieve your ambition.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Advice).

5. Let us go for a walk.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Suggestion).

6. Stand up immediately.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Command).

7. Mix the flour with water.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Instruction).

8. Please forgive me.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Request).

9. Do not enter the laboratory.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Negative – Prohibition).

10. Take care of your health.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Advice).

Note: An order is a forceful form of command. Therefore, sentence 6 may also be described as a command, depending on the context.

K. Distinguish between the following pairs.

1. (a) What a beautiful painting it is!

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence (What-type).

(b) What is the colour of the painting?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence (WH-type).

2. (a) May God bless you!

Ans. Optative Sentence (Positive – Prayer/Blessing).

(b) God blesses you.

Ans. Assertive Sentence (Positive).

3. (a) You should respect your parents.

Ans. Assertive Sentence (Positive – Advice).

(b) Respect your parents.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Positive – Advice).

4. (a) How beautifully she sings!

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence (How-type).

(b) How does she sing?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence (WH-type).

5. (a) Hurrah! We have won the match.

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence (Interjection).

(b) We have won the match.

Ans. Assertive Sentence (Positive).

L. Identify the grammatical structure.

1. May + Subject + Verb (V1) + Complement + !

Ans. Optative Sentence (Positive).

2. Wh-word + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + ?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence (WH-type).

3. Do Not + Verb (V1) + Object + .

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Negative).

4. How + Adjective + Subject + Verb + !

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence (How-type).

5. Subject + Verb + Object + .

Ans. Assertive Sentence (Positive).

6. What + (a/an) + Adjective + Singular Countable Noun + Subject + Verb + !

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence (What-type).

7. Would that + Subject + Could/Were + Complement + !

Ans. Optative Sentence (Positive – Unrealised Wish).

8. If only + Subject + Past Simple/Past Perfect + Complement + !

Ans. Optative Sentence (Positive – Wish/Regret).

9. O that + Subject + Might/Could + Verb (V1) + Complement + !

Ans. Optative Sentence (Positive – Wish/Prayer).

Write one example of a sentence for each of the above grammatical structures.

Ans.

1.     Optative Sentence: May God bless you!

2.     Interrogative Sentence (WH-type): Where do you live?

3.     Imperative Sentence (Negative): Do not waste your time.

4.     Exclamatory Sentence (How-type): How beautifully she sings!

5.     Assertive Sentence: She writes beautiful poems.

M. Construct sentences as directed.

1. Write two positive and two negative assertive sentences.

Ans.

Positive Assertive Sentences:

(i) She is an intelligent girl.

(ii) The children play in the park.

Negative Assertive Sentences:

(i) He does not speak rudely.

(ii) They are not interested in cricket.

2. Write two verbal interrogative sentences.

Ans.

(i) Do you like reading books?

(ii) Has she completed her homework?

3. Write three Wh-interrogative sentences using different Wh-words.

Ans.

(i) Where do you live?

(ii) Why are you crying?

(iii) When will the examination begin?

4. Write two positive and two negative imperative sentences.

Ans.

Positive Imperative Sentences:

(i) Always respect your elders.

(ii) Please open the door.

Negative Imperative Sentences:

(i) Do not waste your time.

(ii) Never tell a lie.

5. Write two How-type exclamatory sentences.

Ans.

(i) How beautifully the moon shines!

(ii) How intelligent the boy is!

6. Write two What-type exclamatory sentences using plural nouns.

Ans.

(i) What beautiful flowers these are!

(ii) What wonderful paintings they are!

7. Write three interjection-type exclamatory sentences expressing different emotions.

Ans.

(i) Hurrah! We have won the match. (Joy)

(ii) Alas! The poor man has lost his house. (Sorrow)

(iii) Bravo! You have performed excellently. (Appreciation)

8. Write two positive and two negative optative sentences.

Ans.

Positive Optative Sentences:

(i) May God bless you!

(ii) May you achieve great success!

Negative Optative Sentences:

(i) May you never lose hope!

(ii) May he never forget his duties!

9. Write one imperative sentence expressing a polite request.

Ans. Kindly lend me your notebook.

10. Write two optative sentences: one expressing a blessing and another expressing a curse.

Ans.

(i) May God bless you with happiness! (Blessing)

(ii) May evil befall the wicked! (Curse)

11. Write two optative sentences beginning with Would that.

Ans.

(i) Would that I could fly like a bird!

(ii) Would that I were a millionaire!

12. Write two optative sentences beginning with If only.

Ans.

(i) If only I had a beautiful house!

(ii) If only I had worked harder!

13. Write two optative sentences beginning with O that.

Ans.

(i) O that peace might prevail throughout the world!

(ii) O that my country might prosper!

WORKSHEET – 4

N. Read carefully and answer the questions.

1. Consider the following sentences:

(a) You are a brilliant student.

(b) Are you a brilliant student?

(c) What a brilliant student you are!

(d) Be a brilliant student.

Answer:

(i) Identify the types of all four sentences.

Ans.
(a) Assertive Sentence.
(b) Interrogative Sentence.
(c) Exclamatory Sentence (What-type).
(d) Imperative Sentence (Positive – Advice).

(ii) Which sentence asks a question?

Ans. Sentence (b) – Are you a brilliant student?

(iii) Which sentence expresses strong admiration?

Ans. Sentence (c) – What a brilliant student you are!

(iv) Which sentence gives advice or instruction?

Ans. Sentence (d) – Be a brilliant student.

2. Consider the following sentences:

(a) May you live long!

(b) You live long.

(c) Do you live long?

(d) Live long!

Answer:

(i) Identify the type of each sentence.

Ans.
(a) Optative Sentence.
(b) Assertive Sentence.
(c) Interrogative Sentence (Verbal).
(d) Imperative Sentence (Positive).

(ii) Which sentence expresses a wish?

Ans. Sentence (a) – May you live long!

(iii) Which sentence gives a command or wish-like instruction?

Ans. Sentence (d) – Live long!

(iv) Explain the difference between (a) and (b).

Ans. Sentence (a) is an optative sentence expressing a wish or blessing for someone's long life. Sentence (b) is an assertive sentence making a statement about someone's long life.

3. Consider the following sentences:

(a) Would that I were a successful writer!

(b) If only I had more time!

(c) O that my country might prosper!

(d) I wish my country prosperity.

Answer:

(i) Identify the type of each sentence.

Ans.
(a) Optative Sentence (Unrealised Wish).
(b) Optative Sentence (Wish/Longing).
(c) Optative Sentence (Wish/Prayer).
(d) Assertive Sentence (Positive).

(ii) Which sentences express wishes?

Ans. Sentences (a), (b), (c) and (d) express wishes.

(iii) Which sentence expresses a wish about an unreal present situation?

Ans. Sentence (a) – Would that I were a successful writer!

(iv) Which sentence expresses regret or longing?

Ans. Sentence (b) – If only I had more time!

(v) Identify the expression used to introduce each of the first three sentences.

Ans.
(a) Would that.
(b) If only.
(c) O that.

O. Find the odd one out and give a reason.

1. Alas! / Hurrah! / Bravo! / Where are you?

Ans. Where are you? – It is an Interrogative Sentence, whereas the other three are interjections used in Exclamatory Sentences.

2. May you prosper! / May God bless you! / May he recover! / Does he prosper?

Ans. Does he prosper? – It is an Interrogative Sentence (Verbal), whereas the other three are Optative Sentences expressing wishes or prayers.

3. Open the door. / Please sit down. / Never tell a lie. / What a lovely day!

Ans. What a lovely day! – It is an Exclamatory Sentence (What-type), whereas the other three are Imperative Sentences.

4. Who are you? / Where do you live? / Is he your brother? / Why are you late?

Ans. Is he your brother? – It is a Verbal Interrogative Sentence, whereas the other three are WH-Interrogative Sentences.

5. She is intelligent. / He is honest. / They are happy. / How happy they are!

Ans. How happy they are! – It is an Exclamatory Sentence (How-type), whereas the other three are Assertive Sentences.

6. May you succeed! / Would that I were rich! / If only I could fly! / Are you successful?

Ans. Are you successful? – It is an Interrogative Sentence (Verbal), whereas the other three are Optative Sentences expressing wishes.

7. O that peace might prevail! / May God bless us! / Would that I could help him! / How peaceful the world is!

Ans. How peaceful the world is! – It is an Exclamatory Sentence (How-type), whereas the other three are Optative Sentences expressing wishes or prayers.

P. Analyse the following statements.

1. Can an interrogative sentence begin with a helping verb? Give an example.

Ans. Yes, an interrogative sentence can begin with a helping verb.

Example: Have you completed your homework?

2. Can an interrogative sentence begin with a Wh-word? Give an example.

Ans. Yes, an interrogative sentence can begin with a WH-word.

Example: Where do you live?

3. Can an imperative sentence have an understood subject? Explain with an example.

Ans. Yes, an imperative sentence generally has an understood subject ‘you’, which is not expressed but understood.

Example: Open the door. (You open the door.)

4. Can an exclamatory sentence begin with an interjection? Give two examples.

Ans. Yes, an exclamatory sentence can begin with an interjection expressing a strong emotion.

Examples:
(i) Hurrah! We have won the match.
(ii) Alas! The poor man has lost his home.

5. Can an optative sentence express a negative wish? Give an example.

Ans. Yes, an optative sentence can express a negative wish.

Example: May you never lose hope!

6. Can a sentence be grammatically assertive but express a negative idea? Give an example.

Ans. Yes, an assertive sentence can express a negative idea by using a negative word such as ‘not’.

Example: He does not tell lies.

7. Is every sentence ending with an exclamation mark necessarily exclamatory? Explain with examples of both exclamatory and optative sentences.

Ans. No, every sentence ending with an exclamation mark is not necessarily exclamatory. Both exclamatory and optative sentences can end with an exclamation mark.

Examples:
(i) How beautiful the rainbow is! (Exclamatory)
(ii) May God bless you! (Optative)

8. What is the difference between an exclamatory sentence and an optative sentence?

Ans. An exclamatory sentence expresses a strong feeling or emotion, such as joy, sorrow, surprise or admiration, whereas an optative sentence expresses a wish, prayer, blessing or curse.

Examples:
(i) What a beautiful painting it is! (Exclamatory)
(ii) May you achieve great success! (Optative)

9. Can an optative sentence begin with Would that? Give an example.

Ans. Yes, an optative sentence can begin with ‘Would that’ to express an unrealised wish.

Example: Would that I were a millionaire!

10. Can If only introduce a wish about the past? Give an example.

Ans. Yes, ‘If only’ can introduce a wish expressing regret about a past situation.

Example: If only I had worked harder!

11. Can O that be used to express a prayer or strong wish? Give an example.

Ans. Yes, ‘O that’ can be used to express a prayer or a strong wish.

Example: O that peace might prevail throughout the world!

12. Do all optative sentences necessarily begin with May? Explain with examples.

Ans. No, all optative sentences do not necessarily begin with ‘May’. They can also begin with expressions such as ‘Would that’, ‘If only’ and ‘O that’.

Examples:
(i) May God bless you!
(ii) Would that I were rich!
(iii) If only I could fly!
(iv) O that my country might prosper!

Q. Read the situations and construct suitable sentences.

1. You want to express admiration for a beautiful painting. Write a What-type exclamatory sentence.

Ans. What a beautiful painting it is!

2. You want to express sorrow over the death of a great leader. Begin with an appropriate interjection.

Ans. Alas! The great leader is dead.

3. You want to bless your younger brother on his birthday. Write an optative sentence beginning with May.

Ans. May God bless you with happiness and success!

4. You regret not having worked harder in the past. Write an optative sentence beginning with If only.

Ans. If only I had worked harder in the past!

5. You wish you could meet a famous writer. Write an optative sentence beginning with Would that.

Ans. Would that I could meet a famous writer!

6. You want peace to prevail throughout the world. Write an optative sentence beginning with O that.

Ans. O that peace might prevail throughout the world!

7. You want your friend to stop wasting time. Write a negative imperative sentence.

Ans. Do not waste your valuable time.

8. You want to know the reason for someone's absence. Write a WH-interrogative sentence.

Ans. Why were you absent?

WORKSHEET – 5

Q. Identify the types of sentences and justify your answers.

1. Would that I were a millionaire!

Ans. Optative Sentence – It expresses a strong wish or desire to become a millionaire. The expression “Would that” introduces an unreal or desired situation.

2. What a number of beautiful flowers there are!

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence – It expresses strong admiration or surprise at the large number of beautiful flowers.

3. Nobody can deny the importance of education.

Ans. Assertive Sentence (Negative) – It makes a statement using the negative pronoun “Nobody”.

4. Who does not want to be successful?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence (WH-type) – It begins with the WH-word “Who” and asks a question. It is rhetorical because it implies that everyone wants to be successful.

5. Let us never forget our duties.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Negative Suggestion) – It makes a suggestion using “Let us” and includes the negative adverb “never”.

6. How little he knows about English grammar!

Ans. Exclamatory Sentence – It expresses surprise or criticism regarding his limited knowledge of English grammar.

7. May evil never triumph over good!

Ans. Optative Sentence (Negative Wish) – It expresses a wish or prayer that evil should never triumph over good.

8. Oh! What have you done?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence (WH-type), introduced by an interjection – “Oh!” expresses surprise or shock, while “What have you done?” asks a question.

9. Please do not disturb the students.

Ans. Imperative Sentence (Negative Request) – It makes a polite request using “Please” and gives a negative instruction.

10. Isn't honesty the best policy?

Ans. Interrogative Sentence (Verbal) – It begins with the contracted helping verb “Isn't” and asks a question. It is rhetorical because it expects agreement that honesty is the best policy.

R. Convert the following into the required types without changing their basic meaning.

1.     He is an extremely brave soldier. (Exclamatory)
Ans. How brave the soldier is!

2.     It is a very difficult problem. (Exclamatory, beginning with What)
Ans. What a difficult problem it is!

3.     You should obey your teachers. (Imperative)
Ans. Obey your teachers.

4.     You should never waste food. (Negative imperative)
Ans. Never waste food.

5.     You have done a wonderful job. (Exclamatory, beginning with How)
Ans. How wonderfully you have done your job!

6.     He is not a careless student. (Interrogative)
Ans. Is he not a careless student?

7.     I wish you a happy and prosperous life. (Optative)
Ans. May you have a happy and prosperous life!

8.     The scenery is extremely beautiful. (Exclamatory, beginning with What)
Ans. What beautiful scenery it is!

9.     You must keep your surroundings clean. (Imperative)
Ans. Keep your surroundings clean.

10.  I wish that India might prosper. (Optative)
Ans. May India prosper!

S. Punctuation and sentence formation.

Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate capital letters and punctuation marks.

1. what a wonderful achievement it is

Ans. What a wonderful achievement it is!

2. where are you going

Ans. Where are you going?

3. may god bless you

Ans. May God bless you!

4. alas we have lost our only hope

Ans. Alas! We have lost our only hope.

5. please give me your notebook

Ans. Please give me your notebook.

6. she is not interested in music

Ans. She is not interested in music.

7. how intelligent the boy is

Ans. How intelligent the boy is!

8. do you know the answer

Ans. Do you know the answer?

9. never insult the poor

Ans. Never insult the poor.

10. hurrah our team has won the match

Ans. Hurrah! Our team has won the match.

T. Creative writing challenge.

Construct sentences of your own according to the following conditions:

1. An assertive sentence containing a negative adverb.

Ans. He never neglects his responsibilities.

2. An interrogative sentence beginning with a modal auxiliary.

Ans. Can you solve this problem?

3. A WH-interrogative sentence asking about reason.

Ans. Why are you absent from school today?

4. An imperative sentence expressing a suggestion using Let's.

Ans. Let's plant more trees to protect the environment.

5. An imperative sentence expressing prohibition.

Ans. Do not enter the restricted area.

6. An exclamatory sentence beginning with How and using an adverb.

Ans. How gracefully she dances!

7. An exclamatory sentence beginning with What and using a plural noun.

Ans. What beautiful butterflies these are!

8. An exclamatory sentence beginning with an interjection expressing sorrow.

Ans. Alas! We have lost our beloved teacher.

9. An optative sentence expressing a positive blessing beginning with May.

Ans. May God bless you with good health and happiness!

10. An optative sentence expressing an unrealised wish beginning with Would that.

Ans. Would that I were a famous poet!

11. An optative sentence expressing regret beginning with If only.

Ans. If only I had followed my teacher's advice!

12. An optative sentence expressing a strong wish beginning with O that.

Ans. O that peace might prevail throughout the world!

Compiled by Dr. Shankar D Mishra, Sr. Lecturer in English

WhatsApp Nos. 8249297412/8270604524 for English coaching for Std. 6 to 10, ICSE/CBSE & all types of competitive exams.