1. Transformation of positive Assertive sentences into negative Interrogative sentences:
*Indefinite/Simple sentences:
Present
Assertive : I work hard.
Interrogative : Don’t I work hard?
Or. Do I not work hard?
Assertive : Ram works hard.
Interrogative : Doesn’t Ram work hard?
Or. Does Ram not work hard?
Assertive : They work hard.
Interrogative : Don’t they work hard?
Or. Do they not work hard?
Past
Assertive : I worked hard.
Interrogative : Didn’t I work hard?
Or. Did I not work hard?
Assertive : Ram worked hard.
Interrogative : Didn’t Ram work hard?
Or. Did Ram not work hard?
Assertive : They worked hard.
Interrogative : Didn’t they work hard?
Or. Did they not work hard?
Future
Assertive : Ram will work hard.
Interrogative : Won’t Ram work hard?
Or. Will Ram not work hard?
Assertive : We shall work hard.
Interrogative : Shan’t we work hard?
Or. Shall we not work hard?
Assertive : They will work hard.
Interrogative : Won’t they work hard?
Or. Will they not work hard?
*Progressive/Imperfect sentences:
Present
Assertive : I am working hard.
Interrogative : Aren’t I working hard?
Or. Am I not working hard?
Assertive : Ram is working hard.
Interrogative : Isn’t Ram working hard?
Or. Is Ram not working hard?
Assertive : They are working hard.
Interrogative : Aren’t they working hard?
Or. Are they not working hard?
Past
Assertive : I was working hard.
Interrogative : Wasn’t I working hard?
Or. Was I not working hard?
Assertive : Ram was working hard.
Interrogative : Wasn’t Ram working hard?
Or. Was Ram not working hard?
Assertive : They were working hard.
Interrogative : Weren’t they working hard?
Or. Were they not working hard?
Future
Assertive : Ram will be working hard.
Interrogative : Won’t Ram be working hard?
Or. Will Ram not be working hard?
Assertive : We shall be working hard.
Interrogative : Shan’t we be working hard?
Or. Shall we not be working hard?
Assertive : They will be working hard.
Interrogative : Won’t they be working hard?
Or. Will they not be working hard?
*Perfect sentences:
Present
Assertive : I have worked hard.
Interrogative : Haven’t I worked hard?
Or. Have I not worked hard?
Assertive : Ram has worked hard.
Interrogative : Hasn’t Ram worked hard?
Or. Has Ram not worked hard?
Assertive : They have worked hard.
Interrogative : Haven’t they worked hard?
Or. Have they not worked hard?
Past
Assertive : I had worked hard.
Interrogative : Hadn’t I worked hard?
Or. Had I not worked hard?
Assertive : Ram had worked hard.
Interrogative : Hadn’t Ram worked hard?
Or. Had Ram not worked hard?
Assertive : They had worked hard.
Interrogative : Hadn’t they worked hard?
Or. Had they not worked hard?
Future
Assertive : I shall have worked hard.
Interrogative : Shan’t I have worked hard?
Or. Shall I have not worked hard?
Assertive : Ram will have worked hard.
Interrogative : Won’t Ram have worked hard?
Or. Will Ram have not worked hard?
Assertive : They will have worked hard.
Interrogative : Won’t they have worked hard?
Or. Will they have not worked hard?
*Perfect Continuous
Present
Assertive : I have been working hard.
Interrogative : Haven’t I been working hard?
Or. Have I not been working hard?
Assertive : Ram has been working hard.
Interrogative : Hasn’t Ram been working hard?
Or. Has Ram not been working hard?
Assertive : They have been working hard.
Interrogative : Haven’t they been working hard?
Or. Have they not been working hard?
Past
Assertive : I had been working hard.
Interrogative : Hadn’t I been working hard?
Or. Had I not been working hard?
Assertive : Ram had been working hard.
Interrogative : Hadn’t Ram been working hard?
Or. Had Ram not been working hard?
Assertive : They had been working hard.
Interrogative : Hadn’t they been working hard?
Or. Had they not been working hard?
Future
Assertive : I shall have been working hard.
Interrogative : Shan’t I have been working hard?
Or. Shall I have not been working hard?
Assertive : Ram will have been working hard.
Interrogative : Won’t Ram have been working hard?
Or. Will Ram have not been working hard?
Assertive : They will have been working hard.
Interrogative : Won’t they have been working hard?
Or. Will they have not been working hard?
2. Transformation of negative Assertive sentences into positive Interrogative sentences:
*Indefinite/Simple sentences:
Present
Assertive : I do not work hard.
Interrogative : Do I work hard?
Assertive : Ram does not work hard.
Interrogative : Do Ram work hard?
Assertive : They do not work hard.
Interrogative : Do they work hard?
Past
Assertive : I did not work hard.
Interrogative : Did I work hard?
Assertive : Ram did not work hard.
Interrogative : Did Ram work hard?
Assertive : They did not work hard.
Interrogative : Did they work hard?
Future
Assertive : Ram will not work hard.
Interrogative : Will Ram work hard?
Assertive : We shall not work hard.
Interrogative : Shall we work hard?
Assertive : They will not work hard.
Interrogative : Will they work hard?
*Progressive/Imperfect sentences:
Present
Assertive : I am not working hard.
Interrogative : Am I working hard?
Assertive : Ram is not working hard.
Interrogative : Is Ram working hard?
Assertive : They are not working hard.
Interrogative : Are they working hard?
Past
Assertive : I was not working hard.
Interrogative : Was I working hard?
Assertive : Ram was not working hard.
Interrogative : Was Ram working hard?
Assertive : They were not working hard.
Interrogative : Were they working hard?
Future
Assertive : Ram will not be working hard.
Interrogative : Will Ram be working hard?
Assertive : We shall not be working hard.
Interrogative : Shall we be working hard?
Assertive : They will not be working hard.
Interrogative : Will they be working hard?
*Perfect sentences:
Present
Assertive : I have not worked hard.
Interrogative : Have I worked hard?
Assertive : Ram has not worked hard.
Interrogative : Has Ram worked hard?
Assertive : They have not worked hard.
Interrogative : Have they worked hard?
Past
Assertive : I had not worked hard.
Interrogative : Had I worked hard?
Assertive : Ram had not worked hard.
Interrogative : Had Ram worked hard?
Assertive : They had not worked hard.
Interrogative : Had they worked hard?
Future
Assertive : I shall have not worked hard.
Interrogative : Shall I have worked hard?
Assertive : Ram will not have worked hard.
Interrogative : Will Ram have worked hard?
Assertive : They will not have worked hard.
Interrogative : Will they have worked hard?
*Perfect Continuous
Present
Assertive : I have not been working hard.
Interrogative : Have I been working hard?
Assertive : Ram has not been working hard.
Interrogative : Has Ram been working hard?
Assertive : They have not been working hard.
Interrogative : Have they been working hard?
Past
Assertive : I had not been working hard.
Interrogative : Had I been working hard?
Assertive : Ram had not been working hard.
Interrogative : Had Ram been working hard?
Assertive : They had not been working hard.
Interrogative : Had they been working hard?
Future
Assertive : I shall not have been working hard.
Interrogative : Shall I have been working hard?
Assertive : Ram will not have been working hard.
Interrogative : Will Ram have been working hard?
Assertive : They will not have been working hard.
Interrogative : Will they have been working hard?
3. Change of Pronouns and Adverbs while transforming the Assertive sentences into Interrogative sentence:
Assertive : No one lives forever.
Interrogative : Does anyone live forever?
Assertive : Nobody can either see or catch air.
Interrogative : Can anybody either see or catch air?
Assertive : None could solve the questions.
Interrogative : Could anyone solve the questions?
Assertive : Nothing happened.
Interrogative : Did anything happen?
Assertive : I have never lied.
Interrogative : Have I ever lied?
Assertive : Ram has never played cricket.
Interrogative : Has Ram ever played cricket?
Assertive : We was nowhere found.
Interrogative : Was he anywhere found?
4. Transformation of the Assertive sentences into Verbal as well as Wh-Interrogative sentences:
Assertive : You should do your duty.
Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you do your duty?
Wh-Interrogative : Why don't you do your duty?
Assertive : You should utilize time.
Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you utilize time?
Wh-Interrogative : Why don't you utilize time?
Assertive : You should not neglect your duty.
Verbal Interrogative : Should you neglect your duty?
Wh-Interrogative : Why do you neglect your duty?
Assertive : You should not misuse time.
Verbal Interrogative : Should you misuse time?
Wh-Interrogative : Why do you misuse time?
Assertive : You should have used time.
Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you have used time?
Wh-Interrogative : Why didn’t you use time?
Assertive : You should have done your duty.
Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you have done your duty?
Wh-Interrogative : Why didn't you do your duty?
Assertive : You shouldn't have neglected your duty.
Verbal Interrogative : Should you have neglected your duty?
Wh-Interrogative : Why did you neglect your duty?
Assertive : You shouldn't have misused time.
Verbal Interrogative : Should you have misused time?
Wh-Interrogative : Why did you misuse time?
Assertive : There is no need to do this now.
Verbal Interrogative : Is there any need to do this now?
Wh-Interrogative : Where/What is the need to do this now?
Assertive : There is no need to conduct election now.
Verbal Interrogative : Is there any need to conduct election now?
Wh-Interrogative : Where/What is the need to conduct election now?
Assertive : There is no use of lip service and pen compassion.
Verbal Interrogative : Is there any use of lip service and pen compassion?
Wh-Interrogative : What is the use of lip service and pen compassion?
Assertive : There was nothing wrong with him.
Verbal Interrogative : Was there anything wrong with him?
Wh-Interrogative : What was wrong with him?
Assertive : There is no one so foolish to vote you.
Verbal Interrogative: Is there anyone so foolish to vote you?
Wh-Interrogative : Who is so foolish to vote you?
Assertive : There is no chance for the recovery of his lost money.
Verbal Interrogative: Is there any chance for the recovery of his lost money?
Wh-Interrogative : Where is any chance for the recovery of his lost money?
Assertive : I have done nothing wrong.
Verbal Interrogative : Have I done anything wrong?
Wh-Interrogative : What wrong have I done?
Assertive : No one has seen the wind.
Verbal Interrogative : Has anyone seen the wind?
Wh-Interrogative : Who has seen the wind?
Assertive : It does not matter if it rains after the match.
Verbal Interrogative : Does it matter if it rains after the match?
Wh-Interrogative : What does it matter if it rains after the match?
Wh-Interrogative : What if/though it rains after the match?
Assertive : It does not matter whether he attends the meeting or not.
Verbal Interrogative: Does it matter whether he attends the meeting or not?
Wh-Interrogative : What does it matter whether he attends the meeting or not?
Wh-Interrogative : What if/whether he attends the meeting or not?
Assertive : Nobody will support untruth.
Verbal Interrogative: Will anybody support untruth?
Wh-Interrogative : Who will support untruth?
Assertive : Everyone would object injustice.
Verbal Interrogative: Wouldn’t everyone object injustice?
Wh-Interrogative : Who wouldn’t object injustice?
Assertive : I cannot forget this ghastly incident in life.
Verbal Interrogative : Can I forget this ghastly incident in life?
Wh-Interrogative : How can I forget this ghastly incident in life?
Assertive : No one can pay the debt of the parents.
Verbal Interrogative : Can anyone pay the debt of the parents?
Wh-Interrogative : How can anyone pay the debt of the parents?
Assertive : Everyone loves his parents.
Verbal Interrogative : Doesn’t everyone love his parents?
Wh-Interrogative : Who doesn’t love his parents?
Assertive : Everyone seeks comfort and happiness.
Verbal Interrogative : Doesn’t everyone seek comfort and happiness?
Wh-Interrogative : Who doesn’t seek comfort and happiness?
Assertive : Everybody hates a betrayer.
Verbal Interrogative : Doesn’t everybody hate a betrayer?
Wh-Interrogative : Who doesn’t hate a betrayer?
5. Transformation of the positive Assertive sentences into negative as well as affirmative Interrogative sentences:
Assertive : He did a great job.
Negative verbal Interrogative : Didn't he do a great job?
Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Did he do an ordinary job?
Assertive : Kalpana Chawla was an extraordinary lady.
Negative verbal Interrogative : Was not Kalpana Chawla an extraordinary lady?
Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Was Kalpana Chawla an ordinary lady?
Assertive : Chandrayan 3 was an uncommon success of India.
Negative verbal Interrogative : Wasn’t Chandrayan 3 an uncommon success of India?
Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Was Chandrayan 3 a common success of India?
Assertive : They always spend time meaningfully.
Negative verbal Interrogative : Don’t they always spend time meaningfully?
Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Do they ever spend time meaninglessly?
Assertive : This is a useful book.
Negative verbal Interrogative : Isn’t this a useful book?
Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Is this a useless book?
Assertive : Ram always speaks the truth.
Negative verbal Interrogative : Does not Ram always speak the truth?
Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Does Ram ever tell a lie?
Copyright: Dr. Shankar D Mishra
