Tuesday, 8 September 2026

MENOPAUSE: ITS BENEFITS, CHALLENGES AND EFFECTS ON WOMEN’S HEALTH

 MENOPAUSE: ITS BENEFITS, CHALLENGES AND EFFECTS ON WOMEN’S HEALTH

A woman normally stops menstruating during a natural life stage called menopause. Globally, menopause usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, with the average age being around 51 years. However, Indian women tend to experience menopause somewhat earlier, with studies reporting an average age of approximately 46–47 years.

Menopause is officially diagnosed when a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period, provided there is no other medical explanation. The period leading up to menopause is called perimenopause, during which menstrual cycles and hormone levels may fluctuate considerably.

Like any major biological transition, menopause brings both benefits and challenges. While some women experience few or no troublesome symptoms, others may experience significant physical, emotional and health-related changes.

Pros (The Benefits)

1. No More Monthly Periods:

Once menopause is established, menstrual bleeding stops permanently. There is no longer a need to manage monthly periods, sanitary products, or concerns about unexpected menstrual bleeding and stains.

2. Relief from PMS and Menstrual Cramps:

Since menstrual cycles cease after menopause, women generally no longer experience period-related cramps, heavy menstrual bleeding, or premenstrual symptoms such as bloating and mood changes.

3. No Natural Pregnancy After Menopause:

After menopause, the ovaries no longer release eggs regularly, so natural pregnancy is no longer possible. However, pregnancy can still occur during perimenopause, so contraception is needed until menopause has been confirmed.

4. Shrinkage of Fibroids:

Uterine fibroids are non-cancerous growths that are often influenced by estrogen. They frequently shrink after menopause as estrogen levels decline, although they do not always disappear completely.

Cons (The Challenges)

1. Physical Symptoms:

Declining and fluctuating hormone levels during the menopausal transition can cause hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbances, fatigue, headaches and other physical symptoms. The severity varies greatly from woman to woman.

2. Mood and Cognitive Changes:

Hormonal changes during perimenopause and menopause may be associated with mood swings, irritability, anxiety, low mood and temporary difficulties with concentration or memory, sometimes described as “brain fog.” Persistent or severe depression should not simply be attributed to menopause and deserves medical attention.

3. Long-Term Health Risks:

Declining estrogen levels, together with ageing and other factors, can contribute to bone loss and osteoporosis, increasing the risk of fractures. The risk of cardiovascular disease also increases with age, although menopause is only one of several contributing factors.

4. Vaginal and Urinary Changes:

Reduced estrogen levels can cause vaginal dryness, irritation and discomfort, including discomfort during sexual activity. Some women may also experience urinary symptoms and a greater tendency toward urinary tract infections (UTIs).

ମେନୋପଜ୍ (ଋତୁବନ୍ଦ): ଏହାର ସୁଗୁଣ, ଦୁର୍ଗୁଣ ଓ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟ ଉପରେ ପ୍ରଭାବ

ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଜଣେ ମହିଳାଙ୍କର ୪୫ ରୁ ୫୫ ବର୍ଷ ବୟସ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ମାସିକ ଧର୍ମ ବା ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଭାବରେ ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଏ, ଯାହାକୁ ମେନୋପଜ୍ (Menopause) ବା ଋତୁବନ୍ଦ କୁହାଯାଏ। ବିଶ୍ୱସ୍ତରରେ ମେନୋପଜ୍‌ର ହାରାହାରି ବୟସ ପ୍ରାୟ ୫୧ ବର୍ଷ ହୋଇଥିବାବେଳେ, ଭାରତୀୟ ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରରେ ଏହାର ହାରାହାରି ବୟସ ପ୍ରାୟ ୪୬–୪୭ ବର୍ଷ ବୋଲି ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନରେ ଦର୍ଶାଯାଇଛି।

ଯଦି କୌଣସି ଅନ୍ୟ ଚିକିତ୍ସାଜନିତ କାରଣ ନଥାଏ ଏବଂ ଲଗାତାର ୧୨ ମାସ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ମାସିକ ଧର୍ମ ନ ହୁଏ, ତେବେ ମେନୋପଜ୍ ହୋଇଛି ବୋଲି ଧରାଯାଏ। ମେନୋପଜ୍‌ ପୂର୍ବରୁ ଯେଉଁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନର ସମୟ ଆସେ, ତାହାକୁ ପେରିମେନୋପଜ୍ (Perimenopause) କୁହାଯାଏ। ଏହି ସମୟରେ ମାସିକ ଧର୍ମର ନିୟମିତତା ଓ ହରମୋନ୍‌ର ସ୍ତରରେ ବହୁତ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇପାରେ।

ଏହା ଜୀବନର ଏକ ସ୍ୱାଭାବିକ ଜୈବିକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହୋଇଥିବାରୁ, ଏହାର କିଛି ସୁଗୁଣ ଓ କିଛି ଶାରୀରିକ, ମାନସିକ ଏବଂ ସ୍ୱାସ୍ଥ୍ୟଗତ ଚ୍ୟାଲେଞ୍ଜ୍ ରହିଥାଏ।

ସୁଗୁଣ (Pros / ଲାଭ)

୧. ମାସିକ ଋତୁସ୍ରାବରୁ ମୁକ୍ତି:

ମେନୋପଜ୍ ପରେ ମାସିକ ଧର୍ମ ବା ଋତୁସ୍ରାବ ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଭାବରେ ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଏ। ତେଣୁ ପ୍ରତି ମାସରେ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବକୁ ପରିଚାଳନା କରିବା, ସାନିଟାରୀ ପ୍ୟାଡ୍ କିଣିବା କିମ୍ବା ଅପ୍ରତ୍ୟାଶିତ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ ନେଇ ଚିନ୍ତା କରିବାର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ରହେ ନାହିଁ।

୨. PMS ଓ ମାସିକ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣାରୁ ଆରାମ:

ମାସିକ ଧର୍ମ ବନ୍ଦ ହେବା ପରେ ସାଧାରଣତଃ ମାସିକ ସମୟର ପେଟ ଯନ୍ତ୍ରଣା, ଅଧିକ ରକ୍ତସ୍ରାବ, ପେଟ ଫୁଲିବା ଏବଂ PMS ସହିତ ଜଡ଼ିତ ମନୋଭାବର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଭଳି ସମସ୍ୟା ଆଉ ଦେଖାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ।

୩. ସ୍ୱାଭାବିକ ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣର ଆଶଙ୍କା ରହେ ନାହିଁ:

ମେନୋପଜ୍ ପରେ ଡିମ୍ବାଣୁ ନିୟମିତ ଭାବରେ ବାହାରିବା ବନ୍ଦ ହୋଇଯାଏ। ତେଣୁ ମେନୋପଜ୍ ସ୍ଥାପିତ ହେବା ପରେ ସ୍ୱାଭାବିକ ଭାବରେ ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣ ସମ୍ଭବ ନୁହେଁ। କିନ୍ତୁ ପେରିମେନୋପଜ୍ ସମୟରେ ଗର୍ଭଧାରଣ ସମ୍ଭବ ଥିବାରୁ ମେନୋପଜ୍ ନିଶ୍ଚିତ ହେବା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଗର୍ଭନିରୋଧର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ରହେ।

୪. ଫାଇବ୍ରଏଡ୍‌ର ଆକାର କମିପାରେ:

ଜରାୟୁରେ ହେଉଥିବା ଫାଇବ୍ରଏଡ୍ (Fibroids) ହେଉଛି ସାଧାରଣତଃ ଅଣ-କର୍କଟଜନିତ ବୃଦ୍ଧି। ଏଗୁଡ଼ିକ ଏଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ହରମୋନ୍‌ର ପ୍ରଭାବରେ ବଢ଼ିପାରେ। ମେନୋପଜ୍ ପରେ ଏଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋଜେନ୍‌ର ସ୍ତର କମିଯିବାରୁ ଫାଇବ୍ରଏଡ୍‌ଗୁଡ଼ିକ ପ୍ରାୟତଃ ଛୋଟ ହୋଇପାରେ, ଯଦିଓ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ସବୁବେଳେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ହୋଇଯାଏ ନାହିଁ।

ଦୁର୍ଗୁଣ (Cons / ସମସ୍ୟା)

୧. ଶାରୀରିକ କଷ୍ଟ:

ମେନୋପଜ୍ ସମୟରେ ହରମୋନ୍‌ର ସ୍ତରରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ହେବାରୁ ହଠାତ୍ ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ ଗରମ ଲାଗିବା (Hot Flashes), ରାତିରେ ଅଧିକ ଝାଳ ବୋହିବା, ନିଦ୍ରାରେ ବାଧା, ଥକାପଣ, ମୁଣ୍ଡବିନ୍ଧା ଇତ୍ୟାଦି ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଦେଖାଯାଇପାରେ। ସମସ୍ତ ମହିଳାଙ୍କଠାରେ ଏହି ଲକ୍ଷଣ ସମାନ ଭାବରେ ଦେଖାଯାଏ ନାହିଁ।

୨. ମାନସିକ ଓ ସ୍ମୃତିଗତ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ:

ପେରିମେନୋପଜ୍ ଓ ମେନୋପଜ୍ ସମୟରେ ହରମୋନ୍‌ର ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଯୋଗୁଁ ମନୋଭାବରେ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ, ଚିଡ଼ିଚିଡ଼ାପଣ, ଅସ୍ଥିରତା, ଚିନ୍ତା, ମନ ଖରାପ ହେବା ଏବଂ ସ୍ମୃତି ବା ଏକାଗ୍ରତାରେ ସାମୟିକ ଅସୁବିଧା ହୋଇପାରେ। ଗୁରୁତର ବା ଦୀର୍ଘସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଅବସାଦକୁ କେବଳ ମେନୋପଜ୍‌ର ଲକ୍ଷଣ ବୋଲି ଧରିନେବା ଉଚିତ ନୁହେଁ।

୩. ହାଡ଼ ଦୁର୍ବଳ ହେବା (Osteoporosis):

ଏଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ ହରମୋନ୍‌ର ସ୍ତର କମିଯିବା ସହିତ ବୟସ ବଢ଼ିବା ଯୋଗୁଁ ହାଡ଼ର ଘନତା କମିପାରେ। ଏହା ଅଷ୍ଟିଓପୋରୋସିସ୍ (Osteoporosis) ଏବଂ ହାଡ଼ ଭାଙ୍ଗିବାର ଆଶଙ୍କା ବଢ଼ାଇପାରେ। ଏହାକୁ କେବଳ “ଗଣ୍ଠିବାତ” ବୋଲି କହିବା ଠିକ୍ ନୁହେଁ, କାରଣ ଅଷ୍ଟିଓପୋରୋସିସ୍ ଓ ଗଣ୍ଠିବାତ ଭିନ୍ନ ରୋଗ।

୪. ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗର ଆଶଙ୍କା:

ମେନୋପଜ୍ ପରେ ବୟସ ବଢ଼ିବା ସହିତ ମହିଳାମାନଙ୍କଠାରେ ହୃଦ୍‌ରୋଗ ଓ ଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋକ୍‌ର ଆଶଙ୍କା ବଢ଼ିଥାଏ। ଏହା କେବଳ ମେନୋପଜ୍ ଯୋଗୁଁ ନୁହେଁ; ବୟସ, ରକ୍ତଚାପ, କୋଲେଷ୍ଟେରଲ୍, ମଧୁମେହ, ଓଜନ, ଶାରୀରିକ କ୍ରିୟାକଳାପ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ କାରଣ ମଧ୍ୟ ଏଥିରେ ଭୂମିକା ନିଏ।

୫. ଯୋନି ଓ ମୂତ୍ରାଶୟ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ:

ଏଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋଜେନ୍ କମିଯିବା ଯୋଗୁଁ ଯୋନି ଶୁଷ୍କତା, ଜ୍ୱଳନ, ଅସୁବିଧା ଏବଂ ଯୌନ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ସମୟରେ ଅସୁବିଧା ହୋଇପାରେ। କେତେକ ମହିଳାଙ୍କଠାରେ ମୂତ୍ର ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ଲକ୍ଷଣ ଓ ମୂତ୍ରନଳୀ ସଂକ୍ରମଣ (UTI) ହେବାର ପ୍ରବଣତା ମଧ୍ୟ ବଢ଼ିପାରେ।

ଏହି ସଂସ୍କରଣରେ ଆପଣଙ୍କର ସମସ୍ତ ମୁଖ୍ୟ English ଓ Odia points ରଖାଯାଇଛି, କେବଳ ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ଚିକିତ୍ସାବିଜ୍ଞାନ ଦୃଷ୍ଟିରୁ ଅଧିକ ସଠିକ୍ କରିବା ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଥିଲା, ସେଠାରେ ସଂଶୋଧନ କରାଯାଇଛି।

Answers To: Direct And Indirect Speech, Holi Faith Grammar Book, Std. 7


Answers 
EXERCISE 30

Put into reported speech, using the verb indicated

1. He said to the beggar, “Go away!” (told)

Answer: He told the beggar to go away.

2. I said to her, “Come here!” (asked)

Answer: I asked her to go there.

3. The teacher said to the boys, “Run away!” (told)

Answer: The teacher told the boys to run away.

4. The Principal said to him, “Pay the fees at once!” (ordered)

Answer: The Principal ordered him to pay the fees at once.

5. They said to her, “Play the piano!” (asked)

Answer: They asked her to play the piano.

6. She said to me, “Have a cup of tea.” (asked)

Answer: She asked me to have a cup of tea.

7. I said to my servant, “Clean my shoes.” (ordered)

Answer: I ordered my servant to clean my shoes.

8. The mother said to her son, “Wash your face.” (told)

Answer: The mother told her son to wash his face.

9. He said to us, “Give me another.” (asked)

Answer: He asked us to give him another.

10. She said to her friend, “Come at five o’clock.” (told)

Answer: She told her friend to come at five o’clock.

11. He said to me, “Clean it yourself.” (asked)

Answer: He asked me to clean it myself.

12. I said to the shopkeeper, “Wrap it up in a piece of paper.” (asked)

Answer: I asked the shopkeeper to wrap it up in a piece of paper.

13. The teacher said to Arun, “Do your buttons up.” (ordered)

Answer: The teacher ordered Arun to do his buttons up.

14. I said to Misha, “Leave it on the piano.” (told)

Answer: I told Misha to leave it on the piano.

15. The officer said to the clerk, “Mind your language.” (warned)

Answer: The officer warned the clerk to mind his language.

II. Put into reported speech

1. He said to me, “Shut the door.”

Answer: He asked me to shut the door.

2. My father said to me, “Trust in God.”

Answer: My father advised me to trust in God.

3. The boy said to his father, “Forgive me this time.”

Answer: The boy begged his father to forgive him that time.

4. The teacher said to the boys, “Be attentive in the class.”

Answer: The teacher told the boys to be attentive in the class.

5. The beggar said to me, “Give me a piece of bread.”

Answer: The beggar begged me to give him a piece of bread.

6. Mohan said to his servant, “Go and post this letter at once.”

Answer: Mohan ordered his servant to go and post that letter at once.

7. He said to her, “Get your hair cut.”

Answer: He advised her to get her hair cut.

8. The teacher said to the boys, “Look at the blackboard.”

Answer: The teacher told the boys to look at the blackboard.

9. My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”

Answer: My father advised me not to waste my time.

10. She said to him, “Don’t sit on my bed.”

Answer: She told him not to sit on her bed.

11. I said to Mohan, “Don’t try to be funny.”

Answer: I told Mohan not to try to be funny.

12. The officer said to him, “Don’t put your elbow on the table.”

Answer: The officer told him not to put his elbow on the table.

13. The father said to the children, “Don’t spill it on the carpet.”

Answer: The father warned the children not to spill it on the carpet.

EXERCISE 31

Put the following sentences into reported speech

1. He says, “I like animals.”

Answer: He says that he likes animals.

2. Misha will say, “She is busy now.”

Answer: Misha will say that she is busy then.

3. Pritam says, “I cannot help you.”

Answer: Pritam says that he cannot help me.

4. He has told you, “I am coming.”

Answer: He has told you that he is coming.

5. Raman will say to you, “I am tired of this work.”

Answer: Raman will say to me that he is tired of that work.

6. Anil says, “We are now ready.”

Answer: Anil says that they are now ready.

7. Kitty says, “I have a toy for you.”

Answer: Kitty says that she has a toy for me.

8. Leela is saying to her mother, “I have learnt my lesson.”

Answer: Leela is telling her mother that she has learnt her lesson.

9. Mohan says, “I have been working since morning.”

Answer: Mohan says that he has been working since morning.

10. Mrs. Das says, “I will give Sunita a new frock.”

Answer: Mrs. Das says that she will give Sunita a new frock.

11. The magician says, “I will show you a new trick.”

Answer: The magician says that he will show me a new trick.

12. The teacher has said to him, “You are not working hard enough.”

Answer: The teacher has told him that he is not working hard enough.

13. My servant says, “I will answer the phone.”

Answer: My servant says that he will answer the phone.

14. He will say, “I do not know you.”

Answer: He will say that he does not know me.

15. Mohan says, “I am giving a party this week to all my friends.”

Answer: Mohan says that he is giving a party this week to all his friends.

EXERCISE 32

Put the following into reported speech.

1. I said to my teacher, “I need your help, sir.”

Answer: I told my teacher that I needed his/her help.

2. He said to me, “You are wasting your time.”

Answer: He told me that I was wasting my time.

3. The boy said to his mother, “I have spoken the truth.”

Answer: The boy told his mother that he had spoken the truth.

4. He said, “My cow died last week.”

Answer: He said that his cow had died the previous week.

5. He said to her, “I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.”

Answer: He told her that he would go to Delhi the next day.

6. Sheela said to me, “You may stay here.”

Answer: Sheela told me that I might stay there.

7. I said to her, “Mohan met me last year.”

Answer: I told her that Mohan had met me the previous year.

8. She said to her husband, “They will be here soon.”

Answer: She told her husband that they would be there soon.

9. Rama said to me, “I can’t come next week.”

Answer: Rama told me that she could not come the following week.

10. Misha said to her, “I am living in Delhi.”

Answer: Misha told her that she was living in Delhi.

11. He said, “I can come any time next week.”

Answer: He said that he could come any time the following week.

12. The mother said, “They went away yesterday.”

Answer: The mother said that they had gone away the previous day.

13. He said to the doctor, “I fell downstairs.”

Answer: He told the doctor that he had fallen downstairs.

14. I said to him, “I’ll leave it on the table.”

Answer: I told him that I would leave it on the table.

15. She said, “I have been very stupid.”

Answer: She said that she had been very stupid.

16. He said to the teacher, “I’m sorry I’m late.”

Answer: He told the teacher that he was sorry because he was late.

17. She said, “I have broken my glasses.”

Answer: She said that she had broken her glasses.

18. Mohan said, “I was ill yesterday.”

Answer: Mohan said that he had been ill the previous day.

19. The boy said, “I have never been here before.”

Answer: The boy said that he had never been there before.

20. She said to her teacher, “I have done my homework.”

Answer: She told her teacher that she had done her homework.

21. The doctor said to her, “You may have to stay in bed for a week.”

Answer: The doctor told her that she might have to stay in bed for a week.

22. I said to her, “I don’t know what he’ll say.”

Answer: I told her that I did not know what he would say.

EXERCISE 33

Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1. He said to me, “What is your name?”

Answer: He asked me what my name was.

2. My father said to me, “Where are you going?”

Answer: My father asked me where I was going.

3. The teacher said to her, “How did you do that?”

Answer: The teacher asked her how she had done that.

4. She said, “Who will come to the pictures with me?”

Answer: She asked who would go to the pictures with her.

5. The old man said to me, “Where is the station?”

Answer: The old man asked me where the station was.

6. She said to her brother, “Which is your pen?”

Answer: She asked her brother which was his pen.

7. My father said to me, “Why have you failed the test?”

Answer: My father asked me why I had failed the test.

8. The teacher said to Mohan, “Why are you telling a lie?”

Answer: The teacher asked Mohan why he was telling a lie.

9. The policeman said to me, “What are you doing here?”

Answer: The policeman asked me what I was doing there.

10. I said to him, “Why did you not tell me the truth?”

Answer: I asked him why he had not told me the truth.

11. I said to the tailor, “When will my dress be finished?”

Answer: I asked the tailor when my dress would be finished.

12. My sister said to me, “Why are you so sad?”

Answer: My sister asked me why I was so sad.

13. The inspector said, “What is the matter?”

Answer: The inspector asked what the matter was.

14. The librarian said to Misha, “Which book are you taking?”

Answer: The librarian asked Misha which book she was taking.

15. My friend said to me, “Where shall we meet tonight?”

Answer: My friend asked me where we should meet that night.

16. She said to me, “How do you know that?”

Answer: She asked me how I knew that.

17. I said to Manu, “How do you like this cake?”

Answer: I asked Manu how he liked that cake.

18. He said, “Where shall I go?”

Answer: He asked where he should go.

19. He said to me, “Where have you put my pencil?”

Answer: He asked me where I had put his pencil.

20. I said to her, “What is he thinking?”

Answer: I asked her what he was thinking.

EXERCISE 34

Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1. I said to her, “Have you lost your pen?”

Answer: I asked her if she had lost her pen.

2. Mohan said to his driver, “Is the car ready?”

Answer: Mohan asked his driver if the car was ready.

3. The teacher said to John, “Do you know Hindi?”

Answer: The teacher asked John if he knew Hindi.

4. She said to me, “Are you going to school today?”

Answer: She asked me if I was going to school that day.

5. I said to Abdul, “Are you coming to the meeting?”

Answer: I asked Abdul if he was coming to the meeting.

6. She said to Richa, “Are you enjoying yourself?”

Answer: She asked Richa if she was enjoying herself.

7. I said, “Does she always wear silk stockings?”

Answer: I asked if she always wore silk stockings.

8. She said to me, “Are you going for a walk?”

Answer: She asked me if I was going for a walk.

9. Misha said, “Do I look all right?”

Answer: Misha asked if she looked all right.

10. The girls said, “Are the grapes sour?”

Answer: The girls asked if the grapes were sour.

11. He said, “Is it time to go now?”

Answer: He asked if it was time to go then.

12. I said, “Will the taxi be here at eight o’clock?”

Answer: I asked if the taxi would be there at eight o’clock.

13. He said to me, “Can you hear that noise?”

Answer: He asked me if I could hear that noise.

14. I said to my servant, “Have you cleaned my shoes?”

Answer: I asked my servant if he had cleaned my shoes.

15. She said, “May I use your telephone?”

Answer: She asked if she might use my telephone.

16. My uncle said to me, “Do you sleep in the afternoons?”

Answer: My uncle asked me if I slept in the afternoons.

17. The traveller said to me, “Can you tell me the way to the station?”

Answer: The traveller asked me if I could tell him the way to the station.

18. Hari said to his father, “May I go to the pictures tonight?”

Answer: Hari asked his father if he might go to the pictures that night.

19. Pran said to Prem, “Were you present at the meeting?”

Answer: Pran asked Prem if he had been present at the meeting.

20. I said to her, “Do you want my help?”

Answer: I asked her if she wanted my help.

21. She said to her maid, “Have you cleaned the room?”

Answer: She asked her maid if she had cleaned the room.

22. He said to her, “Is it raining very heavily?”

Answer: He asked her if it was raining very heavily.

EXERCISE 35

Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1. The father said to his son, “Honesty is the best policy.”

Answer: The father told his son that honesty is the best policy.

2. My friend said, “I never tell lies.”

Answer: My friend said that he never tells lies.

3. He said, “Truth always wins.”

Answer: He said that truth always wins.

4. My friend said to me, “I go out for a walk daily.”

Answer: My friend told me that he goes out for a walk daily.

5. The teacher said to us, “The earth moves round the sun.”

Answer: The teacher told us that the earth moves round the sun.

6. I said to him, “Might is right.”

Answer: I told him that might is right.

7. The teacher said, “Indira Gandhi was killed in 1984.”

Answer: The teacher said that Indira Gandhi was killed in 1984.

8. The father said to his son, “God helps those who help themselves.”

Answer: The father told his son that God helps those who help themselves.

9. He said, “I don’t smoke in my father’s presence.”

Answer: He said that he doesn’t smoke in his father’s presence.

10. Our teacher said, “Hard work never goes unrewarded.”

Answer: Our teacher said that hard work never goes unrewarded.

EXERCISE 36

Put the following into reported speech.

1. She said, “How beautiful the picture is!”

Answer: She exclaimed that the picture was very beautiful.

2. The businessman said, “How foolish I have been!”

Answer: The businessman exclaimed that he had been very foolish.

3. My mother said, “What a lovely house!”

Answer: My mother exclaimed that it was a very lovely house.

4. She said to me, “What a dirty face you have!”

Answer: She exclaimed that I had a very dirty face.

5. The teacher said, “What a terrible noise!”

Answer: The teacher exclaimed that it was a very terrible noise.

6. I said, “How dreadful!”

Answer: I exclaimed that it was very dreadful.

7. He said to me, “Hello! Where are you going?”

Answer: He greeted me and asked me where I was going.

8. I said to her, “Hello! What do you want?”

Answer: I greeted her and asked her what she wanted.

9. I said to my teacher, “Thank you!”

Answer: I thanked my teacher.

10. He said to the poor beggar, “Scoundrel!”

Answer: He called the poor beggar a scoundrel. [villain/ cheat]

11. She said to my brother, “Good luck!”

Answer: She wished my brother good luck.

12. Our teacher said to us, “Happy Diwali!”

Answer: Our teacher wished us a happy Diwali.

13. I said to my friend, “Congratulations!”

Answer: I congratulated my friend.

14. He said, “Curse this storm!”

Answer: He cursed the storm.

15. She said, “Oh! I have cut myself!”

Answer: She exclaimed with pain that she had cut herself.

16. The people said, “The house is on fire!”

Answer: The people exclaimed with alarm that the house was on fire.

17. His wife said to him, “How ridiculous you look!”

Answer: His wife exclaimed to him that he looked very ridiculous.

18. Looking at him, they said, “How unlucky!”

Answer: Looking at him, they exclaimed that he was very unlucky.

Direct And Indirect Speech, Holi Faith Grammar Book, Std. 7

 


EXERCISE 30

Put into reported speech, using the verb indicated in brackets.

1.    He said to the beggar, “Go away!” (told)

2.    I said to her, “Come here!” (asked)

3.    The teacher said to the boys, “Run away!” (told)

4.    The Principal said to him, “Pay the fees at once!” (ordered)

5.    They said to her, “Play the piano!” (asked)

6.    She said to me, “Have a cup of tea.” (asked)

7.    I said to my servant, “Clean my shoes.” (ordered)

8.    The mother said to her son, “Wash your face.” (told)

9.    He said to us, “Give me another.” (asked)

10. She said to her friend, “Come at five o’clock.” (told)

11. He said to me, “Clean it yourself.” (asked)

12. I said to the shopkeeper, “Wrap it up in a piece of paper.” (asked)

13. The teacher said to Arun, “Do your buttons up.” (ordered)

14. I said to Misha, “Leave it on the piano.” (told)

15. The officer said to the clerk, “Mind your language.” (warned)

II. Put into reported speech.

1.    He said to me, “Shut the door.”

2.    My father said to me, “Trust in God.”

3.    The boy said to his father, “Forgive me this time.”

4.    The teacher said to the boys, “Be attentive in the class.”

5.    The beggar said to me, “Give me a piece of bread.”

6.    Mohan said to his servant, “Go and post this letter at once.”

7.    He said to her, “Get your hair cut.”

8.    The teacher said to the boys, “Look at the blackboard.”

9.    My father said to me, “Do not waste your time.”

10. She said to him, “Don’t sit on my bed.”

11. I said to Mohan, “Don’t try to be funny.”

12. The officer said to him, “Don’t put your elbow on the table.”

13. The father said to the children, “Don’t spill it on the carpet.”

14. She said to her maid, “Don’t wipe your dirty fingers on my nice clean table-cloth.”

15. The teacher said to Mohan, “Don’t tear off pages from your copy-book.”

EXERCISE 31

Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1.    He says, “I like animals.”

2.    Misha will say, “She is busy now.”

3.    Pritam says, “I cannot help you.”

4.    He has told you, “I am coming.”

5.    Raman will say to you, “I am tired of this work.”

6.    Anil says, “We are now ready.”

7.    Kitty says, “I have a toy for you.”

8.    Leela is saying to her mother, “I have learnt my lesson.”

9.    Mohan says, “I have been working since morning.”

10. Mrs. Das says, “I will give Sunita a new frock.”

11. The magician says, “I will show you a new trick.”

12. The teacher has said to him, “You are not working hard enough.”

13. My servant says, “I will answer the phone.”

14. He will say, “I do not know you.”

15. Mohan says, “I am giving a party this week to all my friends.”

EXERCISE 32

Put the following into reported speech.

1.    I said to my teacher, “I need your help, sir.”

2.    He said to me, “You are wasting your time.”

3.    The boy said to his mother, “I have spoken the truth.”

4.    He said, “My cow died last week.”

5.    He said to her, “I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.”

6.    Sheela said to me, “You may stay here.”

7.    I said to her, “Mohan met me last year.”

8.    She said to her husband, “They will be here soon.”

9.    Rama said to me, “I can’t come next week.”

10. Misha said to her, “I am living in Delhi.”

11. He said, “I can come any time next week.”

12. The mother said, “They went away yesterday.”

13. He said to the doctor, “I fell downstairs.”

14. I said to him, “I’ll leave it on the table.”

15. She said, “I have been very stupid.”

16. He said to the teacher, “I’m sorry I’m late.”

17. She said, “I have broken my glasses.”

18. Mohan said, “I was ill yesterday.”

19. The boy said, “I have never been here before.”

20. She said to her teacher, “I have done my homework.”

21. The doctor said to her, “You may have to stay in bed for a week.”

22. I said to her, “I don’t know what he’ll say.”

EXERCISE 33

Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1.    He said to me, “What is your name?”

2.    My father said to me, “Where are you going?”

3.    The teacher said to her, “How did you do that?”

4.    She said, “Who will come to the pictures with me?”

5.    The old man said to me, “Where is the station?”

6.    She said to her brother, “Which is your pen?”

7.    My father said to me, “Why have you failed the test?”

8.    The teacher said to Mohan, “Why are you telling a lie?”

9.    The policeman said to me, “What are you doing here?”

10. I said to him, “Why did you not tell me the truth?”

11. I said to the tailor, “When will my dress be finished?”

12. My sister said to me, “Why are you so sad?”

13. The inspector said, “What is the matter?”

14. The librarian said to Misha, “Which book are you taking?”

15. My friend said to me, “Where shall we meet tonight?”

16. She said to me, “How do you know that?”

17. I said to Manu, “How do you like this cake?”

18. He said, “Where shall I go?”

19. He said to me, “Where have you put my pencil?”

20. I said to her, “What is he thinking?”

EXERCISE 34

Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1.    I said to her, “Have you lost your pen?”

2.    Mohan said to his driver, “Is the car ready?”

3.    The teacher said to John, “Do you know Hindi?”

4.    She said to me, “Are you going to school today?”

5.    I said to Abdul, “Are you coming to the meeting?”

6.    She said to Richa, “Are you enjoying yourself?”

7.    I said, “Does she always wear silk stockings?”

8.    She said to me, “Are you going for a walk?”

9.    Misha said, “Do I look all right?”

10. The girls said, “Are the grapes sour?”

11. He said, “Is it time to go now?”

12. I said, “Will the taxi be here at eight o’clock?”

13. He said to me, “Can you hear that noise?”

14. I said to my servant, “Have you cleaned my shoes?”

15. She said, “May I use your telephone?”

16. My uncle said to me, “Do you sleep in the afternoons?”

17. The traveller said to me, “Can you tell me the way to the station?”

18. Hari said to his father, “May I go to the pictures tonight?”

19. Pran said to Prem, “Were you present at the meeting?”

20. I said to her, “Do you want my help?”

21. She said to her maid, “Have you cleaned the room?”

22. He said to her, “Is it raining very heavily?”

EXERCISE 35

Put the following sentences into reported speech.

1.    The father said to his son, “Honesty is the best policy.”

2.    My friend said, “I never tell lies.”

3.    He said, “Truth always wins.”

4.    My friend said to me, “I go out for a walk daily.”

5.    The teacher said to us, “The earth moves round the sun.”

6.    I said to him, “Might is right.”

7.    The teacher said, “Indira Gandhi was killed in 1984.”

8.    The father said to his son, “God helps those who help themselves.”

9.    He said, “I don’t smoke in my father’s presence.”

10. Our teacher said, “Hard work never goes unrewarded.”

EXERCISE 36

Put the following into reported speech.

1.    She said, “How beautiful the picture is!”

2.    The businessman said, “How foolish I have been!”

3.    My mother said, “What a lovely house!”

4.    She said to me, “What a dirty face you have!”

5.    The teacher said, “What a terrible noise!”

6.    I said, “How dreadful!”

7.    He said to me, “Hello! Where are you going?”

8.    I said to her, “Hello! What do you want?”

9.    I said to my teacher, “Thank you!”

10. He said to the poor beggar, “Scoundrel!”

11. She said to my brother, “Good luck!”

12. Our teacher said to us, “Happy Diwali!”

13. I said to my friend, “Congratulations!”

14. He said, “Curse this storm!”

15. She said, “Oh! I have cut myself!”

16. The people said, “The house is on fire!”

17. His wife said to him, “How ridiculous you look!”

18. Looking at him, they said, “How unlucky!”