SDM'S RULES "FROM ASSERTIVE TO INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES"

 

1. Transformation of positive Assertive sentences into negative Interrogative sentences:

 

*Indefinite/Simple sentences:

 

Present

Assertive : I work hard.

Interrogative : Don’t I work hard?

                   Or. Do I not work hard?

Assertive : Ram works hard.

Interrogative : Doesn’t Ram work hard?

                   Or. Does Ram not work hard?

Assertive : They work hard.

Interrogative : Don’t they work hard?

                   Or. Do they not work hard?

Past

Assertive : I worked hard.

Interrogative : Didn’t I work hard?

                   Or. Did I not work hard?

Assertive : Ram worked hard.

Interrogative : Didn’t Ram work hard?

                   Or. Did Ram not work hard?

Assertive : They worked hard.

Interrogative : Didn’t they work hard?

                   Or. Did they not work hard?

Future

Assertive : Ram will work hard.

Interrogative : Won’t Ram work hard?

                   Or. Will Ram not work hard?

Assertive : We shall work hard.

Interrogative : Shan’t we work hard?

                   Or. Shall we not work hard?

Assertive : They will work hard.

Interrogative : Won’t they work hard?

                   Or. Will they not work hard?

 

 

*Progressive/Imperfect sentences:

 

Present

Assertive : I am working hard.

Interrogative : Aren’t I working hard?

                   Or. Am I not working hard?

Assertive : Ram is working hard.

Interrogative : Isn’t Ram working hard?

                   Or. Is Ram not working hard?

Assertive : They are working hard.

Interrogative : Aren’t they working hard?

                   Or. Are they not working hard?

Past

Assertive : I was working hard.

Interrogative : Wasn’t I working hard?

                   Or. Was I not working hard?

Assertive : Ram was working hard.

Interrogative : Wasn’t Ram working hard?

                   Or. Was Ram not working hard?

Assertive : They were working hard.

Interrogative : Weren’t they working hard?

                   Or. Were they not working hard?

Future

Assertive : Ram will be working hard.

Interrogative : Won’t Ram be working hard?

                   Or. Will Ram not be working hard?

Assertive : We shall be working hard.

Interrogative : Shan’t we be working hard?

                   Or. Shall we not be working hard?

Assertive : They will be working hard.

Interrogative : Won’t they be working hard?

                   Or. Will they not be working hard?

 

*Perfect sentences:

 

Present

Assertive : I have worked hard.

Interrogative : Haven’t I worked hard?

                   Or. Have I not worked hard?

Assertive : Ram has worked hard.

Interrogative : Hasn’t Ram worked hard?

                   Or. Has Ram not worked hard?

Assertive : They have worked hard.

Interrogative : Haven’t they worked hard?

                   Or. Have they not worked hard?

Past

Assertive : I had worked hard.

Interrogative : Hadn’t I worked hard?

                   Or. Had I not worked hard?

Assertive : Ram had worked hard.

Interrogative : Hadn’t Ram worked hard?

                   Or. Had Ram not worked hard?

Assertive : They had worked hard.

Interrogative : Hadn’t they worked hard?

                   Or. Had they not worked hard?

Future

Assertive : I shall have worked hard.

Interrogative : Shan’t I have worked hard?

                   Or. Shall I have not worked hard?

Assertive : Ram will have worked hard.

Interrogative : Won’t Ram have worked hard?

                   Or. Will Ram have not worked hard?

Assertive : They will have worked hard.

Interrogative : Won’t they have worked hard?

                   Or. Will they have not worked hard?

 

*Perfect Continuous

 

Present

Assertive : I have been working hard.

Interrogative : Haven’t I been working hard?

                   Or. Have I not been working hard?

Assertive : Ram has been working hard.

Interrogative : Hasn’t Ram been working hard?

                   Or. Has Ram not been working hard?

Assertive : They have been working hard.

Interrogative : Haven’t they been working hard?

                   Or. Have they not been working hard?

Past

Assertive : I had been working hard.

Interrogative : Hadn’t I been working hard?

                   Or. Had I not been working hard?

Assertive : Ram had been working hard.

Interrogative : Hadn’t Ram been working hard?

                   Or. Had Ram not been working hard?

Assertive : They had been working hard.

Interrogative : Hadn’t they been working hard?

                   Or. Had they not been working hard?

Future

Assertive : I shall have been working hard.

Interrogative : Shan’t I have been working hard?

                   Or. Shall I have not been working hard?

Assertive : Ram will have been working hard.

Interrogative : Won’t Ram have been working hard?

                   Or. Will Ram have not been working hard?

Assertive : They will have been working hard.

Interrogative : Won’t they have been working hard?

                   Or. Will they have not been working hard?

 

2. Transformation of negative Assertive sentences into positive Interrogative sentences:

 

*Indefinite/Simple sentences:

 

Present

Assertive : I do not work hard.

Interrogative : Do I work hard?

Assertive : Ram does not work hard.

Interrogative : Do Ram work hard? 

Assertive : They do not work hard.

Interrogative : Do they work hard?

                  

Past

Assertive : I did not work hard.

Interrogative : Did I work hard?      

Assertive : Ram did not work hard.

Interrogative : Did Ram work hard?          

Assertive : They did not work hard.

Interrogative : Did they work hard?

                  

Future

Assertive : Ram will not work hard.

Interrogative : Will Ram work hard?

Assertive : We shall not work hard.

Interrogative : Shall we work hard?

Assertive : They will not work hard.

Interrogative : Will they work hard?

 

*Progressive/Imperfect sentences:

 

Present

Assertive : I am not working hard.

Interrogative : Am I working hard?

Assertive : Ram is not working hard.

Interrogative : Is Ram working hard?

Assertive : They are not working hard.

Interrogative : Are they working hard?

                  

Past

Assertive : I was not working hard.

Interrogative : Was I working hard?

Assertive : Ram was not working hard.

Interrogative : Was Ram working hard?

Assertive : They were not working hard.

Interrogative : Were they working hard?

                  

Future

Assertive : Ram will not be working hard.

Interrogative : Will Ram be working hard?

Assertive : We shall not be working hard.

Interrogative : Shall we be working hard?

Assertive : They will not be working hard.

Interrogative : Will they be working hard?

                  

*Perfect sentences:

 

Present

Assertive : I have not worked hard.

Interrogative : Have I worked hard?

Assertive : Ram has not worked hard.

Interrogative : Has Ram worked hard?

Assertive : They have not worked hard.

Interrogative : Have they worked hard?

                  

Past

Assertive : I had not worked hard.

Interrogative : Had I worked hard?

Assertive : Ram had not worked hard.

Interrogative : Had Ram worked hard?

Assertive : They had not worked hard.

Interrogative : Had they worked hard?

 

Future

Assertive : I shall have not worked hard.

Interrogative : Shall I have worked hard?

Assertive : Ram will not have worked hard.

Interrogative : Will Ram have worked hard?

Assertive : They will not have worked hard.

Interrogative : Will they have worked hard?

 

*Perfect Continuous

 

Present

Assertive : I have not been working hard.

Interrogative : Have I been working hard?

Assertive : Ram has not been working hard.

Interrogative : Has Ram been working hard?

Assertive : They have not been working hard.

Interrogative : Have they been working hard?

 

Past

Assertive : I had not been working hard.

Interrogative : Had I been working hard?

Assertive : Ram had not been working hard.

Interrogative : Had Ram been working hard?

Assertive : They had not been working hard.

Interrogative : Had they been working hard?

 

Future

Assertive : I shall not have been working hard.

Interrogative : Shall I have been working hard?

Assertive : Ram will not have been working hard.

Interrogative : Will Ram have been working hard?

Assertive : They will not have been working hard.

Interrogative : Will they have been working hard?

                  

 

 

3. Change of Pronouns and Adverbs while transforming the Assertive sentences into Interrogative sentence:

 

 

Assertive : No one lives forever.

Interrogative : Does anyone live forever?

Assertive : Nobody can either see or catch air.

Interrogative : Can anybody either see or catch air?

Assertive : None could solve the questions.

Interrogative : Could anyone solve the questions?

Assertive : Nothing happened.

Interrogative : Did anything happen?

 

Assertive : I have never lied.

Interrogative : Have I ever lied?

Assertive : Ram has never played cricket.

Interrogative : Has Ram ever played cricket?

Assertive : We was nowhere found.

Interrogative : Was he anywhere found?

 

4. Transformation of the Assertive sentences into Verbal as well as Wh-Interrogative sentences:

 

Assertive : You should do your duty.

Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you do your duty?

Wh-Interrogative : Why don't you do your duty?

Assertive : You should utilize time.

Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you utilize time?

Wh-Interrogative : Why don't you utilize time?

 

Assertive : You should not neglect your duty.

Verbal Interrogative : Should you neglect your duty?

Wh-Interrogative : Why do you neglect your duty?

Assertive : You should not misuse time.

Verbal Interrogative : Should you misuse time?

Wh-Interrogative : Why do you misuse time?

 

Assertive : You should have used time.

Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you have used time?

Wh-Interrogative : Why didn’t you use time?

Assertive : You should have done your duty.

Verbal Interrogative : Shouldn't you have done your duty?

Wh-Interrogative : Why didn't you do your duty?

 

Assertive : You shouldn't have neglected your duty.

Verbal Interrogative : Should you have neglected your duty?

Wh-Interrogative : Why did you neglect your duty?

Assertive : You shouldn't have misused time.

Verbal Interrogative : Should you have misused time?

Wh-Interrogative : Why did you misuse time?

 

Assertive : There is no need to do this now.

Verbal Interrogative : Is there any need to do this now?

Wh-Interrogative : Where/What is the need to do this now?

Assertive : There is no need to conduct election now.

Verbal Interrogative : Is there any need to conduct election now?

Wh-Interrogative : Where/What is the need to conduct election now?

Assertive : There is no use of lip service and pen compassion.

Verbal Interrogative : Is there any use of lip service and pen compassion?

Wh-Interrogative : What is the use of lip service and pen compassion?

Assertive : There was nothing wrong with him.

Verbal Interrogative : Was there anything wrong with him?

Wh-Interrogative : What was wrong with him?

Assertive : There is no one so foolish to vote you.

Verbal Interrogative: Is there anyone so foolish to vote you?

Wh-Interrogative : Who is so foolish to vote you?

Assertive : There is no chance for the recovery of his lost money.

Verbal Interrogative: Is there any chance for the recovery of his lost money?

Wh-Interrogative : Where is any chance for the recovery of his lost money?

 

Assertive : I have done nothing wrong.

Verbal Interrogative : Have I done anything wrong?

Wh-Interrogative : What wrong have I done?

Assertive : No one has seen the wind.

Verbal Interrogative : Has anyone seen the wind?

Wh-Interrogative : Who has seen the wind?

Assertive : It does not matter if it rains after the match.

Verbal Interrogative : Does it matter if it rains after the match?

Wh-Interrogative : What does it matter if it rains after the match?

Wh-Interrogative : What if/though it rains after the match?

Assertive : It does not matter whether he attends the meeting or not.

Verbal Interrogative: Does it matter whether he attends the meeting or not?

Wh-Interrogative : What does it matter whether he attends the meeting or not?

Wh-Interrogative : What if/whether he attends the meeting or not?

 

Assertive : Nobody will support untruth.

Verbal Interrogative: Will anybody support untruth?

Wh-Interrogative : Who will support untruth?

Assertive : Everyone would object injustice.

Verbal Interrogative: Wouldn’t everyone object injustice?

Wh-Interrogative : Who wouldn’t object injustice?

Assertive : I cannot forget this ghastly incident in life.

Verbal Interrogative : Can I forget this ghastly incident in life?

Wh-Interrogative : How can I forget this ghastly incident in life?

Assertive : No one can pay the debt of the parents.

Verbal Interrogative : Can anyone pay the debt of the parents?

Wh-Interrogative : How can anyone pay the debt of the parents?

Assertive : Everyone loves his parents.

Verbal Interrogative : Doesn’t everyone love his parents?

Wh-Interrogative : Who doesn’t love his parents?

Assertive : Everyone seeks comfort and happiness.

Verbal Interrogative : Doesn’t everyone seek comfort and happiness?

Wh-Interrogative : Who doesn’t seek comfort and happiness?

Assertive : Everybody hates a betrayer.

Verbal Interrogative : Doesn’t everybody hate a betrayer?

Wh-Interrogative : Who doesn’t hate a betrayer?

 

5. Transformation of the positive Assertive sentences into negative as well as affirmative Interrogative sentences:

 

Assertive : He did a great job.

Negative verbal Interrogative : Didn't he do a great job?

Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Did he do an ordinary job?

Assertive : Kalpana Chawla was an extraordinary lady.

Negative verbal Interrogative : Was not Kalpana Chawla an extraordinary lady?

Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Was Kalpana Chawla an ordinary lady?

Assertive : Chandrayan 3 was an uncommon success of India.

Negative verbal Interrogative : Wasn’t Chandrayan 3 an uncommon success of India?

Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Was Chandrayan 3 a common success of India?

Assertive : They always spend time meaningfully.

Negative verbal Interrogative : Don’t they always spend time meaningfully?

Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Do they ever spend time meaninglessly?

 

Assertive : This is a useful book.

Negative verbal Interrogative : Isn’t this a useful book?

Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Is this a useless book?

Assertive : Ram always speaks the truth.

Negative verbal Interrogative : Does not Ram always speak the truth?

Affirmative verbal Interrogative : Does Ram ever tell a lie?  

Copyright: Dr. Shankar D Mishra