1. Brutus
It must be by his death; and, for my part,
I know no personal cause to spurn at him,
But for the general. He would be crowned —
How that might change his nature, there's the question.
It is the bright day that brings forth the adder,
And that craves wary walking. Crown him that,
And then, I grant, we put a sting in him
That at his will he may do danger with.
The abuse of greatness is when it disjoins
Remorse from power, and — to speak truth of Caesar —
I have not known when his affections swayed
More than his reason. But 'tis a common proof,
That lowliness is young ambition's ladder,
Whereto the climber-upward turns his face;
But when he once attains the upmost round
He then unto the ladder turns his back,
Looks in the clouds, scorning the base degrees
By which he did ascend. So Caesar may.
Then, lest he may, prevent. And since the quarrel
Will bear no colour for the thing he is,
Fashion it thus: that what he is, augmented,
Would run to these and these extremities;
And therefore think him as a serpent's egg —
Which, hatched, would, as his kind, grow mischievous —
And kill him in the shell.
(A) PARAPHRASES
1. It must be by his death; and, for my
part,
English: Caesar must be killed; as far as I am concerned,
Hindi: सीज़र की मृत्यु आवश्यक है;
जहाँ तक मेरा प्रश्न है,
2. I know no personal cause to spurn at
him,
English: I have no personal reason to hate or oppose him,
Hindi: मुझे उससे व्यक्तिगत रूप से कोई द्वेष या शत्रुता नहीं है,
3. But for the general. He would be
crowned —
English: except for the good of the public. He is about to be crowned—
Hindi: परंतु राज्य के हित में। उसे राजा बनाया जा रहा है—
4. How that might change his nature,
there's the question.
English: the question is how this crown may change his character.
Hindi: प्रश्न यह है कि यह मुकुट उसके स्वभाव को कैसे बदल देगा।
5. It is the bright day that brings
forth the adder,
English: it is the bright sunshine that brings the poisonous snake out,
Hindi: तेज धूप ही विषैले साँप को बाहर निकालती है,
6. And that craves wary walking. Crown
him that,
English: and then one must walk carefully. Crown Caesar,
Hindi: और तब सावधानी से चलना पड़ता है। उसे मुकुट पहनाओ,
7. And then, I grant, we put a sting in
him
English: and then, I admit, we give him a poisonous sting,
Hindi: तब, मैं मानता हूँ,
हम उसे डंक दे देते हैं,
8. That at his will he may do danger
with.
English: which he may use at his own will to cause harm.
Hindi: जिससे वह अपनी इच्छा से दूसरों को हानि पहुँचा सके।
9. The abuse of greatness is when it
disjoins
English: greatness is misused when it separates
Hindi: महानता का दुरुपयोग तब होता है जब वह अलग कर दे
10. Remorse from power, and — to speak
truth of Caesar —
English: conscience from power; and to speak honestly about Caesar,
Hindi: पश्चाताप को सत्ता से;
और सीज़र के बारे में सच कहूँ तो—
11. I have not known when his
affections swayed
English: I have never known his emotions to overpower
Hindi: मैंने कभी नहीं देखा कि उसकी भावनाएँ
12. More than his reason. But 'tis a
common proof,
English: his reason. Yet it is commonly seen
Hindi: उसकी बुद्धि से अधिक प्रभावी हुई हों। पर यह सामान्य सत्य है
13. That lowliness is young ambition's
ladder,
English: that humility is the ladder of youthful ambition,
Hindi: कि विनम्रता युवा महत्वाकांक्षा की सीढ़ी होती है,
14. Whereto the climber-upward turns
his face;
English: toward which the climber looks while rising,
Hindi: जिसकी ओर चढ़ने वाला ऊपर देखते हुए बढ़ता है,
15. But when he once attains the upmost
round
English: but once he reaches the highest step,
Hindi: किंतु जब वह सर्वोच्च पायदान पर पहुँच जाता है,
16. He then unto the ladder turns his
back,
English: he turns his back on the ladder,
Hindi: तब वह सीढ़ी की ओर पीठ कर लेता है,
17. Looks in the clouds, scorning the
base degrees
English: gazes proudly into the clouds, despising the lower steps
Hindi: घमंड से आकाश की ओर देखता है,
नीचे के पायदानों को तुच्छ समझता है
18. By which he did ascend. So Caesar
may.
English: by which he rose. Caesar may do the same.
Hindi: जिनसे वह ऊपर चढ़ा था। सीज़र भी ऐसा कर सकता है।
19. Then, lest he may, prevent. And
since the quarrel
English: therefore, to prevent this, act now. And since our dispute
Hindi: इसलिए, ऐसा होने से पहले रोक देना चाहिए। और चूँकि हमारा विरोध
20. Will bear no colour for the thing
he is,
English: has no justification based on what Caesar is now,
Hindi: सीज़र की वर्तमान स्थिति पर उचित नहीं ठहराया जा सकता,
21. Fashion it thus: that what he is,
augmented,
English: frame it this way: that what he is now, if increased,
Hindi: इसे इस प्रकार प्रस्तुत करो:
कि जो वह अभी है,
यदि बढ़ा,
22. Would run to these and these
extremities;
English: would lead to extreme and dangerous actions;
Hindi: तो वह इन-इन खतरनाक सीमाओं तक पहुँच जाएगा;
23. And therefore think him as a
serpent's egg —
English: therefore think of him as a serpent’s egg—
Hindi: इसलिए उसे साँप के अंडे के समान समझो—
24. Which, hatched, would, as his kind,
grow mischievous —
English: which, once hatched, would naturally become dangerous,
Hindi: जो फूटने पर स्वभाववश घातक बन जाएगा—
25. And kill him in the shell.
English: and kill it before it hatches.
Hindi: और उसे खोल में ही नष्ट कर देना चाहिए।
(B) GLOSSARY
spurn – to reject with
contempt – तिरस्कारपूर्वक ठुकराना
general – public good, common welfare – सार्वजनिक हित
crowned – made king – राजमुकुट पहनाया जाना
adder – a poisonous snake – विषैला साँप
wary – cautious – सावधान
sting – poisonous weapon, power to harm – डंक,
हानिकारक शक्ति
abuse of greatness – misuse of high position – महानता का दुरुपयोग
disjoins – separates – अलग कर देता है
remorse – sense of guilt – पश्चाताप
affections – emotions, feelings – भावनाएँ
proof – established truth – सिद्ध सत्य
lowliness – humility – विनम्रता
ambition – desire for power or success – महत्वाकांक्षा
upmost round – highest step – सर्वोच्च पायदान
base degrees – lower steps, humble positions – निचले पायदान
prevent – stop beforehand – पहले ही रोकना
bear no colour – have no justification – कोई उचित आधार न होना
fashion it thus – frame the argument – तर्क को इस रूप में गढ़ना
augmented – increased – बढ़ाया हुआ
extremities – extreme actions or limits – अतिवादी कार्य/सीमाएँ
serpent’s egg – a hidden future danger – भविष्य का छिपा खतरा
in the shell – before developing – विकसित होने से पहले
2. Brutus
The exhalations whizzing in the air
Give so much light that I may read by them.
[Opens the letter and reads.]
"Brutus, thou sleep'st. Awake, and see thyself!
Shall Rome, et cetera. Speak, strike, redress!
Brutus, thou sleep'st. Awake!"
Such instigations have been often dropped
Where I have took them up.
"Shall Rome, et cetera." Thus must I piece it out:
Shall Rome stand under one man's awe? What, Rome?
My ancestors did from the streets of Rome
The Tarquin drive, when he was call'd a king.
"Speak, strike, redress!" Am I entreated
To speak and strike? O Rome, I make thee promise:
If the redress will follow, thou receives
Thy full petition at the hand of Brutus
Ref.
Google AI. The
person who led the movement to drive the Tarquins from Rome was Lucius Junius
Brutus. The expulsion occurred because of the cumulative tyrannical rule of
King Tarquinius Superbus and the final outrage committed by his son, Sextus
Tarquinius, who raped a noblewoman named Lucretia.
Key Reasons for Expulsion
Tyrannical Rule: Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin the Proud) was an
unpopular and oppressive king. He seized the throne through violence, including
the murder of his predecessor, King Servius Tullius, and subsequently executed
leading senators, ruled without consulting the Senate, and forced the Roman
people into hard labour for his building projects.
The Outrage Against Lucretia: The final catalyst for rebellion was the
assault of the virtuous noblewoman Lucretia by the king's son, Sextus
Tarquinius. After the assault, Lucretia summoned her husband, her father, and
Lucius Junius Brutus, recounted the crime, extracted an oath of vengeance, and
then committed suicide to avoid perceived dishonour.
The Uprising
Brutus, who had been feigning idiocy to avoid the king's suspicion,
seized this moment to rally the Roman people. He carried Lucretia's body to the
forum, delivered a fiery speech detailing the injustices of the monarchy, and
incited an uprising that led to the expulsion of the entire Tarquin family.
This event, traditionally dated to 509 BCE, marked the end of the Roman Kingdom
and the establishment of the Roman Republic, with Brutus and Lucretia's
husband, Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, elected as the first consuls.
Ref.
ChatGPT. Lucius
Junius Brutus drove Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquin) away from the streets of
Rome.
Why?
Tarquin was a cruel and tyrannical king. The immediate cause of his
expulsion was the outrage committed by his son, Sextus Tarquinius, who
dishonoured the noble Roman lady Lucretia. Unable to bear the shame, Lucretia
took her own life.
This incident aroused intense public anger against the Tarquin family.
Led by Brutus, the Romans revolted, abolished monarchy, and banished Tarquin
and his family, thus establishing the Roman Republic.
(A)
PARAPHRASES
1. The exhalations whizzing in the air
English: The fiery vapours moving swiftly through the air
Hindi: आकाश में तेजी से घूमती हुई ज्वलनशील वाष्पाएँ
2. Give so much light that I may read by
them.
English: give enough light for me to read by.
Hindi: इतना प्रकाश दे रही हैं कि मैं उनके उजाले में पढ़ सकता हूँ।
3. [Opens the letter and reads.]
English: Brutus opens the letter and reads it.
Hindi: ब्रूटस पत्र खोलकर पढ़ता है।
4. "Brutus, thou sleep'st. Awake, and
see thyself!
English: “Brutus, you are asleep. Wake up and recognize your duty!”
Hindi: “ब्रूटस, तुम सो रहे हो। जागो और अपने कर्तव्य को पहचानो!”
5. Shall Rome, et cetera. Speak, strike,
redress!
English: “Shall Rome… and so on. Speak out, attack, and correct the
wrong!”
Hindi: “क्या रोम… आदि। बोलो, वार करो, अन्याय को दूर करो!”
6. Brutus, thou sleep'st. Awake!"
English: “Brutus, you are asleep. Wake up!”
Hindi: “ब्रूटस, तुम सो रहे हो। जागो!”
7. Such instigations have been often
dropped
English: Such provoking messages have often been secretly planted
Hindi: ऐसे उकसाने वाले संदेश कई बार गुप्त रूप से डाले गए हैं
8. Where I have took them up.
English: where I have picked them up.
Hindi: जहाँ से मैंने उन्हें उठाया है।
9. "Shall Rome, et cetera." Thus
must I piece it out:
English: “Shall Rome, and so on.” I must complete its meaning myself:
Hindi: “क्या रोम, आदि।” इसका अर्थ मुझे स्वयं जोड़ना होगा:
10. Shall Rome stand under one man's awe?
What, Rome?
English: Shall Rome live under the fear of one man? What—Rome?
Hindi: क्या रोम एक ही व्यक्ति के भय में रहेगा? क्या—रोम?
11. My ancestors did from the streets of
Rome
English: My forefathers once drove out from the streets of Rome
Hindi: मेरे पूर्वजों ने रोम की गलियों से
12. The Tarquin drive, when he was call'd a
king.
English: Tarquin, when he was called a king.
Hindi: टार्क्विन को निकाल बाहर किया था, जब वह राजा कहलाता था।
13. "Speak, strike, redress!" Am
I entreated
English: “Speak, strike, redress!” Am I being urged
Hindi: “बोलो, वार करो, सुधार करो!” क्या मुझसे विनती की जा रही है
14. To speak and strike? O Rome, I make
thee promise:
English: to speak out and attack? O Rome, I promise you:
Hindi: कि मैं बोलूँ और वार करूँ? हे रोम, मैं तुमसे वादा करता हूँ:
15. If the redress will follow, thou
receives
English: if justice and reform will result, you shall receive
Hindi: यदि इससे सुधार होगा, तो तुम प्राप्त करोगे
16. Thy full petition at the hand of
Brutus!
English: your complete request fulfilled by Brutus himself.
Hindi: अपनी पूरी याचना ब्रूटस के हाथों पूरी होती हुई।
(B)
GLOSSARY
exhalations – fiery
vapours, meteors – ज्वलनशील वाष्प, उल्काएँ
whizzing – moving swiftly with a sound – सरसराते हुए तेज़ी से चलना
thou sleep’st – you are asleep (inactive) – तुम सो रहे हो (निष्क्रिय हो)
awake – become alert – जागो
et cetera – and so on – आदि
speak – raise one’s voice – बोलना
strike – attack, take violent action – वार करना
redress – set right, correct injustice – सुधार करना, न्याय दिलाना
instigations – provocations, incitements – उकसावे
piece it out – complete the meaning – अर्थ जोड़ना
awe – fear mixed with respect – भययुक्त सम्मान
ancestors – forefathers – पूर्वज
Tarquin – last king of Rome, expelled for tyranny – रोम का अंतिम अत्याचारी राजा टार्क्विन
entreated – earnestly urged – विनती की गई
petition – formal request – याचना
3. Brutus
Since Cassius first did whet me against Caesar
I have not slept.
Between the acting of a dreadful thing
And the first motion, all the interim is
Like a phantasma or a hideous dream.
The genius and the mortal instruments
Are then in council, and the state of man,
As a little kingdom, suffers then
The nature of an insurrection.
(A)
PARAPHRASES
1. Since Cassius first did whet me against
Caesar
English: Ever since Cassius first sharpened my feelings against Caesar,
Hindi: जब से कैसियस ने पहली बार सीज़र के विरुद्ध मेरी भावना को भड़काया है,
2. I have not slept.
English: I have been unable to sleep.
Hindi: मुझे नींद नहीं आई है।
3. Between the acting of a dreadful thing
English: Between carrying out a terrible deed
Hindi: किसी भयानक कार्य को करने के बीच
4. And the first motion, all the interim is
English: and the first intention to do it, the whole interval is
Hindi: और उसके पहले विचार के बीच का पूरा समय
5. Like a phantasma or a hideous dream.
English: like a frightening illusion or a horrible dream.
Hindi: किसी डरावने भ्रम या भयानक स्वप्न के समान होता है।
6. The genius and the mortal instruments
English: The spirit (mind) and the physical powers of a man
Hindi: मन (आत्मा) और शरीर की शक्तियाँ
7. Are then in council, and the state of
man,
English: then hold a debate, and the condition of a man,
Hindi: उस समय आपस में विचार-विमर्श करती हैं, और मनुष्य की अवस्था
8. As a little kingdom, suffers then
English: like a small kingdom, then suffers
Hindi: एक छोटे राज्य की भाँति उस समय
9. The nature of an insurrection.
English: the turmoil of a rebellion within itself.
Hindi: अपने भीतर विद्रोह जैसी उथल-पुथल सहती है।
(B)
GLOSSARY
whet – to
sharpen, provoke – उकसाना, तेज़ करना
dreadful – terrible, fearful – भयानक
motion – first impulse or intention – प्रथम विचार / प्रेरणा
interim – intervening period – मध्यकाल
phantasma – illusion, apparition – भ्रम, प्रेत-छवि
hideous – extremely ugly or frightening – अत्यंत भयावह
genius – guiding spirit or mind – आत्मा / मन
mortal instruments – bodily organs and powers – शरीर की शक्तियाँ
in council – in discussion or debate – परामर्श में
state of man – condition of a human being – मनुष्य की स्थिति
insurrection – rebellion, uprising – विद्रोह
4. Brutus
They are the faction. O conspiracy,
Sham'st thou to show thy dang'rous brow by night,
When evils are most free? O then, by day
Where wilt thou find a cavern dark enough
To mask thy monstrous visage? Seek none, conspiracy;
Hide it in smiles and affability;
For if thou path, thy native semblance on,
Not Erebus itself were dim enough
To hide thee from prevention.
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. They are the faction. O conspiracy,
English: These men are the conspirators. O conspiracy,
Hindi: ये लोग षड्यंत्रकारी हैं। हे षड्यंत्र,
2. Sham'st thou to show thy dang'rous brow
by night,
English: are you ashamed to show your dangerous face at night,
Hindi: क्या तुम रात में अपना खतरनाक चेहरा दिखाने से लज्जित हो,
3. When evils are most free? O then, by day
English: when wicked deeds are most easily done? Then in daylight,
Hindi: जब बुराइयाँ सबसे अधिक स्वतंत्र होती हैं? तो फिर दिन में,
4. Where wilt thou find a cavern dark
enough
English: where will you find a cave dark enough
Hindi: तुम इतनी अँधेरी गुफा कहाँ पाओगे
5. To mask thy monstrous visage? Seek none,
conspiracy;
English: to hide your monstrous face? Seek none, conspiracy;
Hindi: जो तुम्हारे भयानक चेहरे को छिपा सके? मत ढूँढो, हे षड्यंत्र;
6. Hide it in smiles and affability;
English: hide yourself behind smiles and friendly behaviour;
Hindi: मुस्कान और सौम्यता के आवरण में स्वयं को छिपाओ;
7. For if thou path, thy native semblance
on,
English: for if you go about wearing your natural appearance,
Hindi: क्योंकि यदि तुम अपना असली रूप धारण करके चलोगे,
8. Not Erebus itself were dim enough
English: not even Erebus (the underworld) would be dark enough
Hindi: तो एरेबस (नरक) भी इतना अंधकारमय नहीं होगा
9. To hide thee from prevention.
English: to hide you from being stopped or discovered.
Hindi: जो तुम्हें पकड़े जाने या रोके जाने से बचा सके।
(B) GLOSSARY
faction – a secret
political group – गुट, दल
conspiracy – secret plot – षड्यंत्र
sham’st – are you ashamed – क्या तुम लज्जित हो
dang’rous brow – threatening face – भयावह चेहरा
evils – wicked deeds – दुष्कर्म
cavern – deep cave – गुफा
mask – conceal – छिपाना
monstrous – horrible, unnatural – भयानक, विकृत
visage – face – चेहरा
seek none – look for none – कुछ मत खोजो
affability – friendliness – सौम्यता, मिलनसारिता
path – walk, go – चलना
native semblance – natural appearance – वास्तविक रूप
Erebus – region of darkness in the underworld – एरेबस, अधोलोक का अंधकारमय क्षेत्र
prevention – being stopped or detected – रोकथाम, पकड़ में आना
5. Brutus
No, not an oath. If not the face of men,
The sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse —
If these be motives weak, break off betimes,
And every man hence to his idle bed;
So let high-sighted tyranny range on,
Till each man drop by lottery.
But if these — As I am sure they do — bear fire enough
To kindle cowards, and to steel with valour
The melting spirits of women, then, countrymen,
What need we any spur but our own cause,
To prick us to redress? What other bond
Than secret Romans, that have spoke the word,
And will not palter? And what other oath
Than honesty to honesty engaged,
That this shall be, or we will fall for it?
Swear priests, and cowards, and men cautelous,
Old feeble carrions, and such suffering souls
That welcome wrongs; unto bad causes swear
Such creatures as men doubt; but do not stain
The even virtue of our enterprise,
Nor th'insuppressive mettle of our spirits,
To think that, or our cause, or our performance
Did need an oath — when every drop of blood
That every Roman bears, and nobly bears,
Is guilty of a several bastardy
If he do break the smallest particle
Of any promise that hath passed from him.
(A) LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. No, not an oath. If not the face of men,
English: No, not an oath. If the very presence of fellow men,
Hindi: नहीं, शपथ की आवश्यकता नहीं। यदि मनुष्यों का चेहरा तक,
2. The sufferance of our souls, the time's abuse —
English: the patience of our souls, and the oppression of the times—
Hindi: हमारी आत्माओं का धैर्य और समय का अत्याचार—
3. If these be motives weak, break off betimes,
English: if these reasons are weak, then stop now,
Hindi: यदि ये कारण कमजोर हैं, तो अभी ही रुक जाओ,
4. And every man hence to his idle bed;
English: and let every man go back to his useless rest.
Hindi: और हर व्यक्ति अपने निष्क्रिय बिस्तर की ओर लौट जाए।
5. So let high-sighted tyranny range on,
English: Then let proud tyranny continue unchecked,
Hindi: तब अहंकारी अत्याचार को खुली छूट मिल जाए,
6. Till each man drop by lottery.
English: until men are destroyed one by one at random.
Hindi: जब तक लोग एक-एक कर संयोगवश नष्ट न होते जाएँ।
7. But if these — As I am sure they do — bear fire enough
English: But if these reasons—as I am sure they do—contain enough fire
Hindi: पर यदि ये कारण—जैसा कि मुझे पूरा विश्वास है—पर्याप्त ज्वाला रखते हैं,
8. To kindle cowards, and to steel with valour
English: to inflame cowards and harden them with courage,
Hindi: कायरों में साहस भरने और उन्हें वीर बनाने के लिए,
9. The melting spirits of women, then, countrymen,
English: and to strengthen even the tender hearts of women, then,
countrymen,
Hindi: और यहाँ तक कि स्त्रियों के कोमल हृदयों को भी दृढ़ करने के लिए, तब, हे देशवासियों,
10. What need we any spur but our own cause,
English: what incentive do we need except our own cause,
Hindi: हमें अपने उद्देश्य के अतिरिक्त किसी प्रेरणा की क्या आवश्यकता है,
11. To prick us to redress? What other bond
English: to urge us to set things right? What other bond
Hindi: जो हमें अन्याय सुधारने को प्रेरित करे? और कौन-सा अन्य बंधन
12. Than secret Romans, that have spoke the word,
English: is needed than the loyalty of Romans who have given their word,
Hindi: चाहिए, सिवाय उन गुप्त रोमनों के, जिन्होंने वचन दे दिया है,
13. And will not palter? And what other oath
English: and who will not break it? And what other oath
Hindi: और जो उससे मुकरेंगे नहीं? और किस अन्य शपथ की आवश्यकता है
14. Than honesty to honesty engaged,
English: than honesty pledged to honesty,
Hindi: सिवाय ईमानदारी की ईमानदारी से प्रतिज्ञा के,
15. That this shall be, or we will fall for it?
English: that this deed shall be done, or we shall die for it?
Hindi: कि यह कार्य अवश्य होगा, नहीं तो हम इसके लिए प्राण देंगे?
16. Swear priests, and cowards, and men cautelous,
English: Let priests, cowards, and overly cautious men swear oaths,
Hindi: शपथ वे लें—पुजारी, कायर और अत्यधिक सतर्क लोग,
17. Old feeble carrions, and such suffering souls
English: weak old men and such submissive souls
Hindi: बूढ़े निर्बल शव-समान लोग और ऐसे सहनशील प्राणी
18. That welcome wrongs; unto bad causes swear
English: who welcome injustice; let such people swear for evil causes,
Hindi: जो अन्याय को स्वीकार कर लेते हैं; बुरे उद्देश्यों के लिए शपथ वे ही लें,
19. Such creatures as men doubt; but do not stain
English: such doubtful creatures; but do not disgrace
Hindi: ऐसे संदिग्ध प्राणी; परंतु हमारे कार्य की पवित्रता को
20. The even virtue of our enterprise,
English: the pure virtue of our undertaking,
Hindi: हमारे प्रयास की निष्कलंक नैतिकता को मत कलंकित करो,
21. Nor th'insuppressive mettle of our spirits,
English: nor the unconquerable courage of our spirits,
Hindi: न ही हमारी आत्माओं की अजेय वीरता को,
22. To think that, or our cause, or our performance
English: by thinking that either we, our cause, or our action
Hindi: यह सोचकर कि हम, हमारा उद्देश्य या हमारा कार्य
23. Did need an oath — when every drop of blood
English: needs an oath—when every drop of blood
Hindi: शपथ का मोहताज है—जबकि हमारे रक्त की हर बूँद
24. That every Roman bears, and nobly bears,
English: that every Roman carries, and carries with honour,
Hindi: जिसे हर रोमन सम्मानपूर्वक धारण करता है,
25. Is guilty of a several bastardy
English: would be guilty of personal disgrace
Hindi: व्यक्तिगत अपमान की दोषी ठहरेगी
26. If he do break the smallest particle
English: if he breaks even the smallest part
Hindi: यदि वह ज़रा-सी भी अवहेलना करे
27. Of any promise that hath passed from him.
English: of any promise he has ever made.
Hindi: किसी भी उस वचन की, जो उसके मुख से निकला हो।
(B) GLOSSARY
oath – solemn promise – शपथ
sufferance – patient endurance – सहनशीलता
time’s abuse – oppression of the age – समय का अत्याचार
betimes – at once, early – तुरंत
idle – useless, inactive – निष्क्रिय
high-sighted – proud, arrogant – घमंडी
tyranny – cruel rule – अत्याचार
lottery – chance, random fate – संयोग
kindle – ignite, inspire – प्रज्वलित करना
steel (with valour) – harden with courage – साहस से दृढ़ करना
melting spirits – weak or soft hearts – कोमल मन
spur – incentive – प्रेरणा
prick – urge – प्रेरित करना
redress – set right injustice – अन्याय का सुधार
bond – binding tie – बंधन
palter – equivocate, break faith – वचन से मुकरना
cautelous – over-cautious – अत्यधिक सतर्क
carrions – worthless dead bodies – शव-समान निकम्मे लोग
enterprise – noble undertaking – महान कार्य
mettle – courage, spirit – साहस
bastardy – dishonour, disgrace – अपमान, कलंक
6. Metellus Cimber
O, let us have him, for his silver hairs
Will purchase us a good opinion,
And buy men's voices to commend our deeds.
It shall be said his judgment ruled our hands.
Our youths and wildness shall no whit appear,
But all be buried in his gravity.
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. O, let us have him, for his silver hairs
English: Oh, let us include Cicero [a good orator and supporter of the Republic], because his grey hair (old age and
dignity)
Hindi: ओह, उसे हमारे साथ रहने दो, क्योंकि उसके सफेद बाल (वृद्धावस्था और प्रतिष्ठा)
2. Will purchase us a good opinion,
English: will earn us public respect and a good reputation,
Hindi: हमें लोगों की अच्छी राय और सम्मान दिला देंगे,
3. And buy men's voices to commend our
deeds.
English: and will win people’s support to praise our actions.
Hindi: और लोगों की स्वीकृति दिलाएँगे ताकि वे हमारे कार्यों की प्रशंसा करें।
4. It shall be said his judgment ruled our
hands.
English: People will say that his wisdom guided our actions.
Hindi: लोग कहेंगे कि हमारे कार्य उसके विवेक के अनुसार हुए।
5. Our youths and wildness shall no whit
appear,
English: Our youthful rashness and recklessness will not appear at all,
Hindi: हमारी युवावस्था की उतावली और उग्रता बिल्कुल दिखाई नहीं देगी,
6. But all be buried in his gravity.
English: but will be completely covered by his seriousness and dignity.
Hindi: बल्कि उसकी गंभीरता और गरिमा में सब कुछ दब जाएगा।
(B) GLOSSARY
silver hairs – grey
hair, symbol of age and dignity – सफेद बाल, गरिमा का प्रतीक
purchase – obtain, secure – प्राप्त करना
commend – praise, approve – प्रशंसा करना
voices – opinions, public support – जनमत, समर्थन
judgment – wisdom, discretion – विवेक, निर्णय शक्ति
ruled our hands – directed our actions – हमारे कार्यों का मार्गदर्शन किया
no whit – not at all – ज़रा भी नहीं
wildness – rashness, recklessness – उग्रता, उतावलापन
gravity – seriousness, dignity – गंभीरता, गरिमा
7. Cassius
Decius, well urged. I think it is not meet,
Mark Antony, so well beloved of Caesar,
Should outlive Caesar. We shall find of him
A shrewd contriver; and, you know, his means,
If he improve them, may well stretch so far
As to annoy us all; which to prevent,
Let Antony and Caesar fall together.
A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. Decius, well urged. I think it is not
meet,
English: Decius, you have argued well. I think it is not proper
Hindi: डेसियस, तुमने अच्छा तर्क दिया है। मुझे लगता है यह उचित नहीं है
2. Mark Antony, so well beloved of Caesar,
English: that Mark Antony, who is so dearly loved by Caesar,
Hindi: कि मार्क एंटनी, जो सीज़र का अत्यंत प्रिय है,
3. Should outlive Caesar. We shall find of
him
English: should be allowed to live after Caesar’s death. We will find
him
Hindi: सीज़र के बाद जीवित रहने दिया जाए। हम उसे पाएँगे
4. A shrewd contriver; and, you know, his
means,
English: to be a clever plotter; and as you know, his resources and
abilities,
Hindi: एक चतुर षड्यंत्रकारी; और जैसा तुम जानते हो, उसकी क्षमताएँ और साधन,
5. If he improve them, may well stretch so
far
English: if he develops them, may extend so far
Hindi: यदि वह उन्हें विकसित कर ले, तो वे इतनी दूर तक पहुँच सकती हैं
6. As to annoy us all; which to prevent,
English: as to cause trouble to all of us; to prevent this,
Hindi: कि हम सबको हानि पहुँचा सके; इसे रोकने के लिए,
7. Let Antony and Caesar fall together.
English: let Antony die along with Caesar.
Hindi: एंटनी और सीज़र दोनों को एक साथ मरना चाहिए।
(B) GLOSSARY (ENGLISH & HINDI)
meet – proper,
fitting – उचित
beloved – dearly loved – प्रिय
outlive – live longer than – के बाद जीवित रहना
shrewd – clever, sharp – चतुर
contriver – plotter, schemer – योजनाकार, षड्यंत्रकारी
means – abilities, resources – साधन, क्षमताएँ
improve – develop, strengthen – विकसित करना
stretch so far – extend to a great extent – बहुत दूर तक पहुँचना
annoy – harm, trouble – हानि पहुँचाना, परेशान करना
prevent – stop beforehand – पहले ही रोकना
fall together – die together – एक साथ मारा जाना
8. Brutus
Our course will seem too bloody, Caius Cassius,
To cut the head off and then hack the limbs,
Like wrath in death and envy afterwards;
For Antony is but a limb of Caesar.
Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers, Caius.
We all stand up against the spirit of Caesar,
And in the spirit of men there is no blood.
O, that we then could come by Caesar's spirit,
And not dismember Caesar!
But, alas, Caesar must bleed for it.
And, gentle friends,
Let's kill him boldly, but not wrathfully;
Let's carve him as a dish fit for the gods,
Not hew him as a carcass fit for hounds.
And let our hearts, as subtle masters do,
Stir up their servants to an act of rage,
And after seem to chide 'em.
This shall make
Our purpose necessary, and not envious;
Which so appearing to the common eyes,
We shall be called purgers, not murderers.
And for Mark Antony, think not of him,
For he can do no more than Caesar's arm
When Caesar's head is off.
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. Our course will seem too bloody, Caius
Cassius,
English: Our plan will appear excessively cruel, Caius Cassius,
Hindi: हमारा मार्ग अत्यधिक रक्तरंजित प्रतीत होगा, काइयस कैसियस,
2. To cut the head off and then hack the
limbs,
English: if we cut off the head and then mutilate the limbs,
Hindi: यदि हम सिर काटकर फिर अंगों को काटें,
3. Like wrath in death and envy afterwards;
English: like acting with anger in killing and jealousy afterwards;
Hindi: मानो हत्या क्रोध से और बाद की हिंसा ईर्ष्या से हो;
4. For Antony is but a limb of Caesar.
English: because Antony is merely a part of Caesar,
Hindi: क्योंकि एंटनी केवल सीज़र का एक अंग है।
5. Let us be sacrificers, but not butchers,
Caius.
English: Let us act like priests offering a sacrifice, not like brutal
killers, Caius.
Hindi: हमें यज्ञ करने वाले बनना चाहिए, कसाई नहीं, काइयस।
6. We all stand up against the spirit of
Caesar,
English: We are all rising against Caesar’s ambition and authority,
Hindi: हम सब सीज़र की आत्मा (महत्वाकांक्षा) के विरुद्ध खड़े हैं,
7. And in the spirit of men there is no
blood.
English: and ideas and intentions do not shed blood.
Hindi: और मनुष्य की आत्मा में रक्त नहीं होता।
8. O, that we then could come by Caesar's
spirit,
English: Oh, if only we could destroy Caesar’s ambition,
Hindi: काश हम केवल सीज़र की महत्वाकांक्षा को नष्ट कर पाते,
**9. And not dismember Caesar!
English: without physically killing Caesar!
Hindi: और सीज़र के शरीर को क्षति न पहुँचाते!
**10. But, alas, Caesar must bleed for it.
English: But sadly, Caesar must die for it.
Hindi: परंतु दुर्भाग्यवश, इसके लिए सीज़र का रक्त बहना ही होगा।
11. And, gentle friends,
English: And, dear friends,
Hindi: और हे प्रिय मित्रों,
12. Let's kill him boldly, but not
wrathfully;
English: let us kill him courageously, but not in anger;
Hindi: उसे साहसपूर्वक मारें, पर क्रोध में नहीं;
13. Let's carve him as a dish fit for the
gods,
English: let us shape this act like a sacred offering to the gods,
Hindi: इस कार्य को देवताओं के योग्य बलिदान बनाएँ,
14. Not hew him as a carcass fit for
hounds.
English: not hack him like a dead body thrown to dogs.
Hindi: न कि कुत्तों को फेंके जाने योग्य शव की तरह काटें।
15. And let our hearts, as subtle masters
do,
English: Let our minds, like clever masters,
Hindi: और हमारे हृदय, चतुर स्वामियों की भाँति,
16. Stir up their servants to an act of
rage,
English: incite our hands to commit the violent act,
Hindi: अपने सेवकों (हाथों) को क्रोधपूर्ण कार्य के लिए उकसाएँ,
**17. And after seem to chide 'em.
English: and afterwards appear to scold them for it.
Hindi: और बाद में मानो उन्हें डाँटें।
18. This shall make Our purpose necessary,
and not envious;
English: This will make our purpose appear necessary, not jealous or
selfish;
Hindi: इससे हमारा उद्देश्य आवश्यक लगेगा, ईर्ष्याजन्य नहीं;
19. Which so appearing to the common eyes,
English: and when it appears so to the public,
Hindi: जो आम जनता की दृष्टि में ऐसा प्रतीत होगा,
20. We shall be called purgers, not
murderers.
English: we shall be called reformers, not murderers.
Hindi: तब हमें हत्यारे नहीं, शुद्धिकर्ता कहा जाएगा।
21. And for Mark Antony, think not of him,
English: And as for Mark Antony, do not worry about him,
Hindi: और मार्क एंटनी के विषय में मत सोचो,
22. For he can do no more than Caesar's arm
English: because he can do no more than what Caesar’s arm could do,
Hindi: क्योंकि वह सीज़र के हाथ से अधिक कुछ नहीं कर सकता,
23. When Caesar's head is off.
English: once Caesar’s head has been cut off.
Hindi: जब सीज़र का सिर काट दिया जाएगा।
(B) GLOSSARY
course – plan of
action – कार्य-योजना
bloody – cruel, violent – रक्तरंजित
hack – cut roughly – बेरहमी से काटना
wrath – anger – क्रोध
envy – jealousy – ईर्ष्या
limb – body part; subordinate – अंग
sacrificers – ritual offerers – बलिदान करने वाले
butchers – brutal killers – कसाई
spirit – ambition, inner nature – आत्मा / महत्वाकांक्षा
dismember – cut into pieces – अंग-भंग करना
bleed – die violently – रक्त बहाकर मरना
wrathfully – angrily – क्रोधपूर्वक
carve – cut carefully – सलीके से काटना
hew – chop violently – बेरहमी से काटना
carcass – dead body – शव
hounds – dogs – कुत्ते
subtle – clever, crafty – चतुर
chide – scold – डाँटना
envious – motivated by jealousy – ईर्ष्यापूर्ण
purgers – cleansers, reformers – शुद्धिकर्ता
murderers – killers – हत्यारे
9. Cassius
But it is doubtful yet,
Whether Caesar will come forth today or no,
For he is superstitious grown of late,
Quite from the main opinion he held once
Of fantasy, of dreams, and ceremonies.
It may be these apparent prodigies,
The unaccustomed terror of this night,
And the persuasion of his augurers,
May hold him from the Capitol today.
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. But it is doubtful yet,
English: But it is still uncertain,
Hindi: लेकिन अभी भी यह अनिश्चित है,
2. Whether Caesar will come forth today or
no,
English: whether Caesar will come out today or not,
Hindi: कि सीज़र आज बाहर आएगा या नहीं,
3. For he is superstitious grown of late,
English: because recently he has become superstitious,
Hindi: क्योंकि हाल के दिनों में वह अंधविश्वासी हो गया है,
4. Quite from the main opinion he held once
English: quite unlike the firm belief he once held,
Hindi: जो उसके पहले के दृढ़ विचारों से बिल्कुल भिन्न है,
5. Of fantasy, of dreams, and ceremonies.
English: about imagination, dreams, and religious rituals.
Hindi: कल्पना, स्वप्न और धार्मिक अनुष्ठानों के विषय में।
6. It may be these apparent prodigies,
English: It may be that these visible omens,
Hindi: संभव है कि ये प्रत्यक्ष अपशकुन,
7. The unaccustomed terror of this night,
English: the unusual fear of last night,
Hindi: इस रात का असामान्य भय,
8. And the persuasion of his augurers,
English: and the advice of his soothsayers,
Hindi: और उसके शकुन-वाचकों की समझाइश,
9. May hold him from the Capitol today.
English: may keep him away from the Capitol today.
Hindi: आज उसे कैपिटल आने से रोक दें।
(B) GLOSSARY
doubtful –
uncertain – संदिग्ध, अनिश्चित
come forth – come out, appear – बाहर आना
superstitious – believing in omens – अंधविश्वासी
of late – recently – हाल ही में
main opinion – firm belief – मुख्य/दृढ़ मत
fantasy – imagination – कल्पना
ceremonies – religious rites – धार्मिक अनुष्ठान
prodigies – omens, supernatural signs – अपशकुन, अद्भुत संकेत
unaccustomed – unusual – असामान्य
terror – fear – भय
persuasion – influence, advice – समझाइश, प्रभाव
augurers – interpreters of omens – शकुन-वाचक
Capitol – Roman Senate House – रोम का संसद भवन (कैपिटल)
10. Decius
Brutus
Never fear that. If he be so resolved,
I can o'ersway him; for he loves to hear
That unicorns may be betrayed with trees,
And bears with glasses, elephants with holes,
Lions with toils, and men with flatterers.
But when I tell him he hates flatterers,
He says he does, being then most flattered.
Let me work,
For I can give his humour the true bent,
And I will bring him to the Capitol.
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. Never fear that. If he be so resolved,
English: Do not worry about that. Even if he is firmly determined,
Hindi: इसकी चिंता मत करो। यदि वह ऐसा निश्चय कर भी ले,
2. I can o'ersway him; for he loves to hear
English: I can persuade him otherwise, because he enjoys hearing
Hindi: तो भी मैं उसे मना सकता हूँ; क्योंकि उसे यह सुनना अच्छा लगता है
3. That unicorns may be betrayed with
trees,
English: that unicorns can be trapped by trees,
Hindi: कि यूनिकॉर्न पेड़ों के द्वारा धोखा खा सकते हैं,
4. And bears with glasses, elephants with
holes,
English: bears with mirrors, elephants with pits,
Hindi: भालू दर्पणों से, हाथी गड्ढों से,
5. Lions with toils, and men with
flatterers.
English: lions with nets, and men with flattery.
Hindi: शेर जालों से, और मनुष्य चापलूसों से फँस जाते हैं।
6. But when I tell him he hates flatterers,
English: But when I tell Caesar that he hates flatterers,
Hindi: पर जब मैं उससे कहता हूँ कि वह चापलूसों से घृणा करता है,
7. He says he does, being then most
flattered.
English: he agrees—while at that very moment being highly flattered.
Hindi: तब वह सहमत हो जाता है—जबकि उसी क्षण वह सबसे अधिक चापलूसी का शिकार होता है।
8. Let me work,
English: Let me handle this matter,
Hindi: यह काम मुझे करने दो,
9. For I can give his humour the true bent,
English: for I know how to turn his mood in the right direction,
Hindi: क्योंकि मैं उसके स्वभाव को सही दिशा दे सकता हूँ,
**10. And I will bring him to the Capitol.
English: and I will bring him to the Capitol.
Hindi: और मैं उसे कैपिटल अवश्य ले आऊँगा।
(B)
GLOSSARY
o’ersway –
overpower, persuade – प्रभावित कर देना, मना लेना
resolved – firmly decided – दृढ़ निश्चय किया हुआ
betrayed – deceived, trapped – धोखे में फँसाया जाना
unicorn – mythical animal – कल्पित प्राणी (यूनिकॉर्न)
glasses – mirrors – दर्पण
toils – nets, traps – जाल
flatterers – sycophants – चापलूस
humour – mood, temperament – स्वभाव, मनोदशा
bent – direction, inclination – झुकाव, दिशा
work – manage, operate – काम करना / उपाय करना
Capitol – Roman Senate House – रोम का संसद भवन (कैपिटल)
11. Brutus
Good gentlemen, look fresh and merrily.
Let not our looks put on our purposes,
But bear it as our Roman actors do,
With untired spirits and formal constancy.
And so good morrow to you every one.
[Exit all but Brutus.]
Boy! Lucius! Fast asleep? It is no matter.
Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber.
Thou hast no figures, nor no fantasies,
Which busy care draws in the brains of men;
Therefore thou sleep'st so sound.
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. Good gentlemen, look fresh and merrily.
English: Gentlemen, appear cheerful and lively.
Hindi: हे सज्जनों, प्रसन्न और उत्साही दिखाई दो।
2. Let not our looks put on our purposes,
English: Do not let our faces reveal our intentions,
Hindi: हमारे चेहरे हमारे उद्देश्य को प्रकट न करें,
3. But bear it as our Roman actors do,
English: but carry ourselves as Roman actors do,
Hindi: बल्कि रोमन अभिनेताओं की तरह व्यवहार करें,
4. With untired spirits and formal
constancy.
English: with tireless energy and disciplined calmness.
Hindi: अथक उत्साह और औपचारिक स्थिरता के साथ।
5. And so good morrow to you every one.
English: And now, good morning to all of you.
Hindi: और अब आप सभी को शुभ प्रभात।
**6. [Exit all but Brutus.]
English: Everyone leaves except Brutus.
Hindi: ब्रूटस को छोड़कर सभी चले जाते हैं।
7. Boy! Lucius! Fast asleep? It is no
matter.
English: Boy! Lucius! Are you sound asleep? It doesn’t matter.
Hindi: लड़के! ल्यूशियस! गहरी नींद में हो? कोई बात नहीं।
8. Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber.
English: Enjoy the sweet, heavy pleasure of sleep.
Hindi: नींद की मधुर और भारी मिठास का आनंद लो।
9. Thou hast no figures, nor no fantasies,
English: You have no troubling thoughts or imaginations,
Hindi: तुम्हारे मन में न कोई कल्पनाएँ हैं, न ही कोई चिंता,
10. Which busy care draws in the brains of
men;
English: which anxious worries create in men’s minds;
Hindi: जिन्हें व्यस्त चिंता मनुष्यों के मस्तिष्क में उत्पन्न करती है;
11. Therefore thou sleep'st so sound.
English: therefore you sleep so deeply.
Hindi: इसलिए तुम इतनी गहरी नींद सो रहे हो।
(B) GLOSSARY (ENGLISH &
HINDI)
fresh – cheerful,
lively – प्रसन्न, उत्साही
merrily – joyfully – हर्षपूर्वक
put on – assume, display – प्रकट करना, धारण करना
purposes – intentions, plans – उद्देश्य, योजनाएँ
bear it – carry oneself – आचरण करना
actors – performers – अभिनेता
untired – not weary – अथक
formal constancy – disciplined steadiness – औपचारिक स्थिरता
fast asleep – in deep sleep – गहरी नींद में
honey-heavy – sweet and soothing – मधुर और शीतल
dew of slumber – refreshing sleep – नींद की ताजगी
figures – imagined shapes, thoughts – कल्पनाएँ
fantasies – dreams, mental images – स्वप्न, कल्पनाएँ
busy care – anxious worry – व्यस्त चिंता
sound – deep, firm – गहरी
12. Portia
Nor for yours neither. You've ungently, Brutus,
Stole from my bed; and yesternight at supper
You suddenly arose, and walked about,
Musing, and sighing, with your arms across.
And when I asked you what the matter was,
You stared upon me with ungentle looks.
I urged you further; then you scratched your head,
And too impatiently stamped with your foot.
Yet I insisted, yet you answered not,
But with an angry wafture of your hand
Gave sign for me to leave you. So I did,
Fearing to strengthen that impatience
Which seemed too much enkindled, and withal
Hoping it was but an effect of humour,
Which sometime hath his hour with every man.
It will not let you eat, nor talk, nor sleep,
And could it work so much upon your shape
As it hath much prevailed on your condition,
I should not know you, Brutus.
Dear my lord,
Make me acquainted with your cause of grief.
*Loss of Identity: Portia claims that if his physical appearance (shape) had changed as much as his behavior (condition), she would not even recognize him as the man she married.
The Plea: She ends by pleading with him to share the cause of his "grief," asserting her right as his wife to know his secrets and share his burdens.
हिंदी विश्लेषण (Hindi Analysis)
ये पंक्तियाँ पोर्शिया द्वारा अपने पति ब्रूटस से कही गई हैं। वह ब्रूटस के व्यवहार में आए अचानक बदलाव से परेशान है और उसकी चिंता का कारण जानना चाहती है।
अस्थायी स्वभाव (Humour): पोर्शिया कहती है कि उसे लगा था कि यह केवल एक "मूड" या स्वभाव का प्रभाव है, जो हर इंसान के जीवन में कभी न कभी आता है। उसे उम्मीद थी कि यह जल्द ही बीत जाएगा।
शारीरिक और मानसिक प्रभाव: वह बताती है कि यह चिंता ब्रूटस को इतना प्रभावित कर रही है कि उसने न केवल खाना-पीना और सोना छोड़ दिया है, बल्कि वह किसी से बात भी नहीं कर रहा है।
पहचान का संकट: पोर्शिया का तर्क है कि यदि ब्रूटस के बाहरी रूप (shape) में भी उतना ही बदलाव आ गया होता जितना उसके स्वभाव में आया है, तो वह उसे पहचान भी नहीं पाती। वह अब वह "पुराना ब्रूटस" नहीं लग रहा है।
अनुरोध: अंत में, वह ब्रूटस से बड़ी नम्रता से प्रार्थना करती है कि वह उसे अपने इस दुख (grief) का असली कारण बताए, क्योंकि एक पत्नी के नाते वह उसके दर्द में भागीदार बनना चाहती है।
(A) LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. Nor for yours neither. You've ungently, Brutus,
English: Nor am I well myself. You have behaved unkindly, Brutus,
Hindi: मैं भी ठीक नहीं हूँ। तुमने मेरे साथ कठोर व्यवहार किया है, ब्रूटस,
2. Stole from my bed; and yesternight at supper
English: slipping away from my bed; and last night at supper
Hindi: चुपचाप मेरे बिस्तर से उठ गए; और बीती रात भोजन के समय
3. You suddenly arose, and walked about,
English: you suddenly stood up and began to walk restlessly,
Hindi: तुम अचानक उठ खड़े हुए और बेचैनी से टहलने लगे,
4. Musing, and sighing, with your arms across.
English: deep in thought, sighing, with folded arms.
Hindi: सोच में डूबे, आहें भरते हुए, बाँहें बाँधे हुए।
5. And when I asked you what the matter was,
English: And when I asked you what was troubling you,
Hindi: और जब मैंने तुमसे पूछा कि क्या बात है,
6. You stared upon me with ungentle looks.
English: you looked at me harshly,
Hindi: तुमने मुझे कठोर दृष्टि से देखा।
7. I urged you further; then you scratched your head,
English: I questioned you again; then you scratched your head,
Hindi: मैंने फिर आग्रह किया; तब तुमने सिर खुजलाया,
8. And too impatiently stamped with your foot.
English: and stamped your foot impatiently.
Hindi: और अधीरता से पैर पटकने लगे।
9. Yet I insisted, yet you answered not,
English: Still I persisted, yet you gave no reply,
Hindi: फिर भी मैं आग्रह करती रही, पर तुमने उत्तर नहीं दिया,
10. But with an angry wafture of your hand
English: but with an angry wave of your hand
Hindi: बल्कि क्रोध में हाथ हिलाकर
11. Gave sign for me to leave you. So I did,
English: you signaled me to leave you alone. So I obeyed,
Hindi: मुझे वहाँ से जाने का संकेत दिया। इसलिए मैं चली गई,
12. Fearing to strengthen that impatience
English: fearing that I might increase your irritation,
Hindi: इस भय से कि कहीं तुम्हारी अधीरता और न बढ़ जाए,
13. Which seemed too much enkindled, and withal
English: which already seemed too much inflamed, and also
Hindi: जो पहले ही अत्यधिक भड़की हुई लग रही थी, और साथ ही
14. Hoping it was but an effect of humour,
English: hoping it was only a temporary mood,
Hindi: यह आशा करते हुए कि यह केवल स्वभाव का प्रभाव हो,
15. Which sometime hath his hour with every man.
English: which at times affects every man.
Hindi: जो कभी-न-कभी हर व्यक्ति पर हावी हो जाता है।
16. It will not let you eat, nor talk, nor sleep,
English: It does not allow you to eat, talk, or sleep,
Hindi: यह न तुम्हें खाने देता है, न बोलने, न सोने,
17. And could it work so much upon your shape
English: and if it could affect your appearance so deeply
Hindi: और यदि यह तुम्हारे रूप-रंग पर इतना प्रभाव डाल दे
18. As it hath much prevailed on your condition,
English: as it has affected your mental condition,
Hindi: जितना यह तुम्हारी मानसिक अवस्था पर हावी हो चुका है,
19. I should not know you, Brutus.
English: I would no longer recognize you, Brutus.
Hindi: तो मैं तुम्हें पहचान भी न पाऊँ, ब्रूटस।
20. Dear my lord,
English: My dear husband,
Hindi: मेरे प्रिय स्वामी,
21. Make me acquainted with your cause of grief.
English: tell me the reason for your sorrow.
Hindi: मुझे अपने दुःख का कारण बताइए।
(B) GLOSSARY (ENGLISH & HINDI)
ungently – unkindly – निर्दयता से
stole from my bed – slipped away secretly – चुपचाप बिस्तर छोड़ना
yesternight – last night – बीती रात
musing – thinking deeply – गहन विचार में डूबा
sighing – breathing heavily in sorrow – आहें भरना
urged – pressed with questions – आग्रह किया
ungentle looks – harsh expressions – कठोर दृष्टि
stamped – struck the foot – पैर पटकना
wafture – wave or gesture – हाथ का इशारा
enkindled – inflamed, intensified – भड़का हुआ
withal – at the same time – साथ ही
humour – temporary mood – अस्थायी मनोदशा
prevail – dominate – हावी होना
condition – mental state – मानसिक अवस्था
acquainted – informed, made aware – अवगत कराना
grief – sorrow – शोक, दुःख
13. Portia
Is Brutus sick, and is it physical
To walk unbraced and suck up the humours
Of the dank morning? What, is Brutus sick,
And will he steal out of his wholesome bed
To dare the vile contagion of the night,
And tempt the rheumy and unpurgèd air
To add unto his sickness? No, my Brutus.
You have some sick offense within your mind,
Which, by the right and virtue of my place
I ought to know of; and upon my knees
I charm you — by my once commended beauty,
By all your vows of love, and that great vow
Which did incorporate and make us one —
That you unfold to me, your self, your half,
Why you are heavy, and what men tonight
Have had to resort to you; for here have been
Some six or seven, who did hide their faces
Even from darkness.
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. Is Brutus sick, and is it physical
English: Is Brutus ill, and is it a bodily illness
Hindi: क्या ब्रूटस बीमार है, और क्या यह शारीरिक बीमारी है
2. To walk unbraced and suck up the humours
English: to walk without warm clothing and breathe in the vapours
Hindi: बिना कपड़े ठीक से पहने टहलने और नमी भरी हवा को अंदर लेने की
3. Of the dank morning? What, is Brutus
sick,
English: of the damp morning? What! Is Brutus really ill,
Hindi: इस सीली सुबह की? क्या! ब्रूटस सचमुच बीमार है,
4. And will he steal out of his wholesome
bed
English: and would he slip away from his healthy bed
Hindi: और क्या वह अपने आरामदायक बिस्तर से चुपचाप निकल जाएगा
5. To dare the vile contagion of the night,
English: to risk the harmful infection of the night air,
Hindi: रात की हानिकारक हवा का जोखिम उठाने के लिए,
6. And tempt the rheumy and unpurgèd air
English: and expose himself to the cold, impure air
Hindi: और ठंडी, अशुद्ध हवा को चुनौती देने के लिए
7. To add unto his sickness? No, my Brutus.
English: to worsen his illness? No, my Brutus.
Hindi: ताकि उसकी बीमारी बढ़ जाए? नहीं, मेरे ब्रूटस।
8. You have some sick offense within your
mind,
English: You have some troubling secret weighing on your mind,
Hindi: तुम्हारे मन में कोई गहरी पीड़ा या अपराध-बोध है,
9. Which, by the right and virtue of my
place
English: which, by my right and position as your wife,
Hindi: जिसे अपने पत्नी होने के अधिकार और सम्मान से
10. I ought to know of; and upon my knees
English: I ought to know; and kneeling before you
Hindi: मुझे जानना चाहिए; और घुटनों के बल बैठकर
11. I charm you — by my once commended
beauty,
English: I plead with you — by the beauty you once praised,
Hindi: मैं तुमसे विनती करती हूँ — उस सुंदरता की शपथ देकर जिसे तुमने सराहा था,
12. By all your vows of love, and that
great vow
English: by all your promises of love, and by that great vow
Hindi: तुम्हारे प्रेम के सभी वचनों की शपथ देकर, और उस महान प्रतिज्ञा की
13. Which did incorporate and make us one —
English: which united us and made us one being,
Hindi: जिसने हमें एक बना दिया,
14. That you unfold to me, your self, your
half,
English: that you reveal yourself to me, your other half,
Hindi: कि तुम मुझसे, अपने ही दूसरे स्वरूप से, सब कुछ खोलकर कहो,
15. Why you are heavy, and what men tonight
English: why you are burdened with sorrow, and which men tonight
Hindi: कि तुम इतने उदास क्यों हो, और आज रात कौन-कौन से लोग
16. Have had to resort to you; for here
have been
English: have come to visit you; for there have been
Hindi: तुम्हारे पास आए थे; क्योंकि यहाँ आए हैं
17. Some six or seven, who did hide their
faces
English: some six or seven men, who hid their faces
Hindi: कोई छह या सात लोग, जिन्होंने अपने चेहरे छिपा रखे थे
18. Even from darkness
English: even from the darkness itself.
Hindi: यहाँ तक कि अँधेरे से भी।
(B) GLOSSARY
physical – bodily –
शारीरिक
unbraced – without warm or tight clothing – बिना ठीक से वस्त्र पहने
humours – vapours, moist air – नमी भरी हवा
dank – damp and cold – सीला, ठंडा
steal out – slip away secretly – चुपचाप निकल जाना
vile contagion – harmful infection – हानिकारक रोग
rheumy – cold, moist, causing illness – सर्द, रोग फैलाने वाली
unpurgèd – impure – अशुद्ध
offense – troubling matter, guilt – मानसिक पीड़ा / अपराध
virtue of my place – authority of my position – अपने पद का अधिकार
charm – plead earnestly – गिड़गिड़ाकर विनती करना
vows – solemn promises – प्रतिज्ञाएँ
incorporate – unite – एक करना
heavy – sorrowful – दुःखी
resort – come to visit – पास आना
darkness – night, secrecy – अँधेरा, गोपनीयता
14.
Portia
I should not need if you were gentle Brutus.
Within the bond of marriage, tell me, Brutus,
Is it excepted I should know no secrets
That appertain to you? Am I your self
But as it were in sort or limitation,
To keep with you at meals, comfort your bed,
And talk to you sometimes? Dwell I but in the suburbs
Of your good pleasure? If it be no more,
Portia is Brutus' harlot, not his wife.
(A) LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. I should not need if you were gentle Brutus.
English: I would not have to beg like this if you were kind to me,
Brutus.
Hindi: अगर तुम मुझसे स्नेहपूर्ण होते, ब्रूटस, तो मुझे इस तरह विनती नहीं करनी पड़ती।
2. Within the bond of marriage, tell me, Brutus,
English: Tell me, Brutus, within the sacred bond of marriage,
Hindi: मुझे बताओ, ब्रूटस, विवाह के पवित्र बंधन के भीतर,
3. Is it excepted I should know no secrets
English: is it made an exception that I should know none of your secrets
Hindi: क्या यह तय है कि मुझे तुम्हारे किसी भी रहस्य का ज्ञान न हो
4. That appertain to you? Am I your self
English: that belong to you? Am I your own self
Hindi: जो तुमसे जुड़े हों? क्या मैं तुम्हारा ही एक हिस्सा हूँ
5. But as it were in sort or limitation,
English: only in a limited or partial way,
Hindi: या केवल सीमित अर्थ में,
6. To keep with you at meals, comfort your bed,
English: merely to dine with you, share your bed,
Hindi: केवल तुम्हारे साथ भोजन करने और तुम्हारे बिस्तर को सुख देने के लिए,
7. And talk to you sometimes?
English: and talk with you occasionally?
Hindi: और कभी-कभी तुमसे बात करने के लिए?
8. Dwell I but in the suburbs
English: Do I live only on the outskirts
Hindi: क्या मैं केवल किनारे पर ही रहती हूँ
9. Of your good pleasure?
English: of your favour and affection?
Hindi: तुम्हारी कृपा और स्नेह की?
10. If it be no more,
English: If that is all I am to you,
Hindi: यदि मेरे प्रति तुम्हारा भाव इतना ही है,
11. Portia is Brutus' harlot, not his wife.
English: then Portia is Brutus’s mistress, not his lawful wife.
Hindi: तो पोर्शिया ब्रूटस की पत्नी नहीं, केवल रखैल है।
(B) GLOSSARY
gentle – kind, considerate – स्नेहपूर्ण, कोमल
bond of marriage – sacred marital tie – विवाह का पवित्र बंधन
excepted – excluded – अपवाद बनाया गया
appertain – belong to – से संबंधित होना
self – one’s own being – अपना ही स्वरूप
limitation – restriction – सीमा
comfort your bed – share marital intimacy – वैवाहिक सहचर्य देना
suburbs – outskirts, margins – बाहरी क्षेत्र, किनारे
good pleasure – favour, will – कृपा, इच्छा
harlot – immoral woman, mistress – रखैल, वेश्या
(C) EXAM-SIGNIFICANCE (VERY IMPORTANT)
- Portia asserts marital equality,
not emotional dependence.
- The word “harlot” is a deliberate
shock-device to shame Brutus into honesty.
- Shakespeare presents Portia as intelligent,
dignified, and morally strong, not submissive.
- This speech contrasts sharply with Calpurnia,
who appeals through fear, not reason.
15. Portia
If this were true, then should I know this secret.
I grant I am a woman; but withal
A woman that Lord Brutus took to wife.
I grant I am a woman; but withal
A woman well-reputed, Cato's daughter.
Think you I am no stronger than my sex,
Being so fathered and so husbanded?
Tell me your counsels, I will not disclose ‘em.
I have made strong proof of my constancy,
Giving myself a voluntary wound
Here, in the thigh. Can I bear that with patience,
And not my husband's secrets?
(A) LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. If this were true, then should I know this secret.
English: If what I say is true, then I deserve to know this secret.
Hindi: यदि मेरी बात सत्य है, तो मुझे यह रहस्य जानने का अधिकार है।
2. I grant I am a woman; but withal
English: I admit that I am a woman; yet at the same time
Hindi: मैं स्वीकार करती हूँ कि मैं एक स्त्री हूँ; परंतु साथ ही
3. A woman that Lord Brutus took to wife.
English: I am the woman whom Lord Brutus chose as his wife.
Hindi: मैं वही स्त्री हूँ जिसे लॉर्ड ब्रूटस ने अपनी पत्नी बनाया।
4. I grant I am a woman; but withal
English: Again, I admit I am a woman; yet also
Hindi: फिर भी मैं यह स्वीकार करती हूँ कि मैं स्त्री हूँ; पर साथ ही
5. A woman well-reputed, Cato's daughter.
English: a woman of good reputation, the daughter of Cato.
Hindi: एक सम्मानित स्त्री, केटो की पुत्री।
6. Think you I am no stronger than my sex,
English: Do you think I am as weak as women are thought to be,
Hindi: क्या तुम मुझे अपने स्त्री-स्वभाव के कारण कमजोर समझते हो,
7. Being so fathered and so husbanded?
English: when I have such a father and such a husband?
Hindi: जबकि मेरा पिता और पति दोनों ही इतने महान हैं?
8. Tell me your counsels, I will not disclose ’em.
English: Tell me your plans; I will not reveal them.
Hindi: मुझे अपनी योजनाएँ बताओ; मैं उन्हें प्रकट नहीं करूँगी।
9. I have made strong proof of my constancy,
English: I have given strong proof of my faithfulness,
Hindi: मैंने अपनी दृढ़ता और निष्ठा का ठोस प्रमाण दिया है,
10. Giving myself a voluntary wound
English: by inflicting a wound upon myself willingly
Hindi: स्वयं को स्वेच्छा से घायल करके
11. Here, in the thigh.
English: here, on my thigh.
Hindi: यहाँ, अपनी जाँघ पर।
12. Can I bear that with patience,
English: If I can endure that pain calmly,
Hindi: जब मैं उस पीड़ा को धैर्य से सह सकती हूँ,
13. And not my husband's secrets?
English: can I not bear my husband’s secrets as well?
Hindi: तो क्या मैं अपने पति के रहस्यों को नहीं सँभाल सकती?
(B) GLOSSARY
grant – admit, acknowledge – स्वीकार करना
withal – at the same time – साथ ही
well-reputed – of good character – सम्मानित
sex – gender – लिंग
fathered – having such a father – ऐसे पिता की संतान
husbanded – having such a husband – ऐसे पति से विवाहित
counsels – plans, secret advice – योजनाएँ, गोपनीय सलाह
disclose – reveal – प्रकट करना
constancy – firmness, faithfulness – दृढ़ता, निष्ठा
voluntary – done willingly – स्वेच्छिक
wound – injury – घाव
patience – calm endurance – धैर्य
16. Ligarius
By all the gods that Romans bow before,
I here discard my sickness. Soul of Rome,
Brave son, derived from honorable loins,
Thou like an exorcist hast conjured up
My mortified spirit. Now bid me run,
And I will strive with things impossible,
Yea, get the better of them. What's to do?
(A)
LINE-WISE PARAPHRASE
1. By all the gods that Romans bow before,
English: By all the Roman gods whom we worship,
Hindi: उन सभी देवताओं की शपथ जो रोमवासी पूजते हैं,
2. I here discard my sickness.
English: I renounce my illness now.
Hindi: मैं अब अपनी बीमारी त्यागता हूँ।
3. Soul of Rome,
English: Noble spirit of Rome,
Hindi: रोम की महान आत्मा,
4. Brave son, derived from honorable loins,
English: courageous man, born of noble parents,
Hindi: बहादुर पुत्र, सम्मानित कुल से उत्पन्न,
5. Thou like an exorcist hast conjured up
English: You, like a magician, have summoned
Hindi: तुमने, जैसे कोई जादूगर, बुलाया है
6. My mortified spirit.
English: my weakened and humbled spirit.
Hindi: मेरी दुर्बल और क्षीण आत्मा।
7. Now bid me run,
English: Now tell me to act,
Hindi: अब मुझे आदेश दो कि मैं कार्य करूँ,
8. And I will strive with things
impossible,
English: and I will attempt even impossible tasks,
Hindi: और मैं असंभव कार्यों से भी संघर्ष करूँगा,
9. Yea, get the better of them.
English: indeed, I will overcome them.
Hindi: हाँ, मैं उन्हें हराऊँगा।
10. What's to do?
English: So, what must be done now?
Hindi: अब क्या करना है?
(B) GLOSSARY
gods – deities
– देवता
Romans bow before – worshipped by Romans – रोमवासी जिनकी पूजा करते हैं
discard – give up, renounce – त्यागना
sickness – illness – बीमारी
soul – spirit – आत्मा
brave son – courageous man – बहादुर पुत्र / वीर पुरुष
honorable loins – noble ancestry – कुलीन कुल से जन्म
exorcist – one who drives out evil – जादूगर / राक्षस निकालने वाला
conjured up – called forth – बुलाना / उत्पन्न करना
mortified – weakened, humbled – क्षीण, निराश
strive – make a strong effort – संघर्ष करना
impossible – beyond ability – असंभव
get the better of – overcome, defeat – परास्त करना
bid – command, order – आदेश देना
Compiled by Dr Shankar D Mishra
