GRAMMAR QUESTIONS, STD. 7, CLIMB WITH CORNER STONE BOOK

 Chapter 1: The Sentence 

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Underline the subject in each of these sentences.

 

1. Neil Armstrong was the first human to set his foot on the moon.

 

2. My brother, who is standing there, is a science teacher.

 

3. The boy and his mother were going to the mall.

 

4. My uncle has bought a new scooter.

 

5. Across the street, stood a huge temple.

 

6. Neethu and Shalini are best friends.

 

7. Have they bought the villa yet?

 

8. Who spilled the beans?

 

9. How good you are!

 

10. Akbar the Great was a visionary monarch.

 

PRACTISE

 

B. Identify the subject-word and the attribute in each of these sentences.

 

1. The captain of the football team has resigned.

 

2. My father is a doctor.

 

3. The writer Ruskin Bond lives in Landour, Mussoorie.

 

4. The hot and humid weather is affecting me.

 

5. The priceless diamond of the queen is in the museum.

 

6. The cunning wazir tricked the emperor.

 

7. The leaping flames engulfed the building.

 

8. Printed notes will be available at the school office.

 

9. A girl carrying a basket of flowers walked into the room.

 

10 A confident man will always succeed.

 

11. The patient man explained the problem.

 

PRACTISE

 

C. Rearrange each set of jumbled words into a meaningful assertive sentence- with proper punctuation and capitalisation.

 

1. this temperature year at unbearable outdoors the time is of the

2. on wildlife of can behaviour television learn their a animals we habitats programmes lot from can about and

3. and reduced New Delhi Yamuna Expressway travelling between has the the time Agra

4. reasons increase increasing for number accidents vehicles the of the one of is road in

5. cannot climate extinct adjust the species to change become which the

 

D. Rearrange each set of jumbled words into a meaningful interrogative sentence with proper punctuation and capitalisation.

 

1. yesterday's watch match you did

2. have you lunch for will what

3. India which building tallest is the in

4. cake make this did how you

5. completed you homework have your

 

E. Rearrange each set of jumbled words into a meaningful imperative sentence with proper punctuation and capitalisation.

 

1. once at here come

2. assignment please me my with help

3. all eat don't biscuits the

4. ironing careful clothes be while

5. cord switch the the pull fan to on

 

F. Rearrange each set of jumbled words into a meaningful exclamatory sentence with proper punctuation and capitalisation.

 

1. experience that spine-chilling wow some was

 

2. sunrise what splendid a

 

3. mistake oh I the made again no

 

4. bouquet what of flowers lovely a

 

5. feast an amazing what

 

G. Identify the kinds of sentences. Mark A for assertive sentences, I for interrogative sentences, Im for imperative sentences and E for exclamatory sentences. In case of an assertive sentence, state whether it is an affirmative (AS) or a negative sentence (NS).

 

1. You must never do this again.

 

2. Have you finished your meal?

 

3. Take this glass of water.

4. This is not a very good essay.

 

5. Please help me to sort this out.

 

6. Birds do not speak in any language.

 

7. What a beautiful piece of jewellery!

 

8. Duryodhana was a valiant soldier.

 

9. The caretaker of the bungalow let us in.

 

10. I thank you heartily for all your kindness.

 

11. The Colonel ordered his men to march ahead.

 

12. Can you blame the government for all your misfortunes?

 

H. Rewrite this passage inserting capital letters, full stops, interrogation marks and exclamatory marks wherever required.

 

while we were walking together along the river, I asked him to tell me some stories the good man suddenly became animated, transfigured, eloquent- almost poetical in his heart there was one great passion-the river he had many memories of the life of the people associated with the river flowing beside us he told me about the fishermen and the sailors were all these stories true how fantastic they were I listened with rapt attention I saw the moon come up in the eastern sky how enchanting it looked I did not care to go home what was I waiting to hear frankly, I do not know who this man was he had cast a spell upon me what was his name I dared not ask

 

CHALLENGE

 

I. There are 16 sentences in the above passage. Now that you have put in the appropriate punctuation marks and capital letters, you know that there are various kinds of sentences in the passage. Number the sentences from 1 to 16 and identify them as affirmative, negative, exclamatory, interrogative or imperative.

 

Chapter 2: Nouns 

 

CHALLENGE

 

A. Pick out the nouns in the passage and classify them. Place the nouns under the categories given below.

 

I visited Lansdowne when I was eight years old. We put up at a hotel by the lake. The beauty of the surrounding hills left a lasting impression on me. I distinctly remember the tiny boats that used to ply tourists and the shops selling delicious pastries. The Indian army had a camp nearby, and every evening, officers in smart uniforms could be seen strolling about.

 

 

Every evening, young ladies draped in sarıs from Kancheepuram and children wrapped in woollens would come and sit on the benches that lined the lakeside. A batch of students from a nearby residential college was often spotted. My mother purchased a bangle from a silversmith and a few bronze statuettes. The kindness of the local people and the beauty of nature made the trip to Lansdowne memorable.

 

PRACTISE

 

B. Now, form abstract nouns from these words.

 

1 captain

 

2. deep

 

3. idiot

 

4. bore

 

5. high

 

6. false

 

7 merry

 

8. deceive

 

9 dismiss

 

10. cheap

 

11. decide

 

12 break

 

PRACTISE

 

C. What do these collective nouns describe?

 

1. pack

2. shoal

3 sheaf

4. bevy

5. gang

6. mob

7. stack

8. suite

9. tuft

10. congregation

11. den

12. colony

 

D. Fill in the blanks with suitable collective nouns. Choose from those given in the brackets.

 

1. An………….. of poems by Rilke is on display. (library, anthology, auction)

 

2. A ………………….of policemen entered the premises. (panel, posse, band)

 

3. The ………sang beautifully during the Sunday mass at the Church. (company, coterie, choir)

 

4. The ………..were unwilling to leave port as the ship needed repairs. (captain, crew, convoy)

 

5. The …………waited expectantly for the performer to arrive. (society, audience, horde)

 

6. The …………of trees at that corner will have to be cut down. (clutch, clump, truss)

 

7. The jungle safari gave us an opportunity to spot an ………..of tigers. (pride, herd, ambush)

 

8. A …………..of musicians arrived for the show. (band, troop, soiree)

 

9. A …………… of robbers attacked them on the highway. (group, gang, galaxy)

 

10. Place the ……………of eggs in this basket. (cluster, clutch, brood)

 

PRACTISE

 

E. Identify the gender of the highlighted nouns. In case the noun is masculine or feminine, name its opposite too.

 

1. The jury declared its verdict, and the criminal was sent to jail.

 

2. The king aimed and shot at a doe, but missed it.

 

3. He is a businessman, while his wife is a lawyer.

 

4. The emperor asked the lady to speak her mind.

 

5. The prince arrived with his retinue of servants.

 

6. My uncle has come from America with his wife and a cousin.

 

7. The viceroy threw a party in honour of the duchess who was visiting India with her child.

 

8. This successful author is an orphan who was brought up by his teacher.

 

9. My great-aunt waded through soft mud and got into the boat in which her husband and her niece were already seated.

 

10. The hero of the film walked up to the director, who was sitting on the grass, and said that he needed to meet a friend.

 

PRACTISE

 

F. Fill in the blanks with the plural forms of the nouns in the brackets.

 

1. The…………….. (buffalo) sauntered away.

 

2. The………….. (dormouse) scampered off at the sound of (footstep).

 

3. We were stung by. ………….(mosquito) and………………. (wasp).

4. The…………… (child) well as the …………..(woman) of the ……….(colony) walked to the mayor's office.

 

5. The ………… (deer) ran into the forest as they were being chased by ………… (wolf).

 

6. The …………….(goose) wandered into the ……………(pond) where some …………… (calf) were bathing.

 

7. The ……………..(elf) stitched the……………( shoe) in record time.

 

8. The ………….(footman) ran down the ………….. (stair) to shop the ………….(carriage).

 

PRACTISE

 

G. Correct the errors in these sentences. Make necessary changes.

 

1. Our planet rotates on its axes.

 

2. I need some advices from you.

 

3. The beggar asked the emperor for alm.

 

4. The Indians are hardworking peoples.

 

5. Measles are a highly infectious disease.

 

6. The beautiful sceneries was captured by the camera.

 

7. Ten thousands mens marched to the Town Hall.

 

8. A numbers of crisis has crippled the official machineries.

 

9. We need to gather more informations regarding the poetries by Emily Dickinson.

 

10. The phenomena of day and night occurs because the earth moves around the sun constantly.

 

Chapter 3: Pronouns

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Fill in the blanks with pronouns that refer to the highlighted word/group of words.

 

1. The man left behind two jackets. Where are………………?

 

2. Mr Shahid is my teacher. …………… teaches us geography.

 

3. The kittens are playing in the sun. …………. are three months old.

 

4. Mr lyer, how are ………………….feeling this morning?

 

5. I will meet you at the station. ……………..matter there can discuss the matter there?

 

6. Children, please help ……………….to the samosas and cakes.

 

7. Here is your axe. Keep ……………………carefully.

 

8. Mr Arora is our accountant. You could consult………………… .

 

B. Tick the correct option, and mark whether the pronoun you have chosen is a reflexive pronoun (RP) or an emphasising pronoun (EP).

 

1. Sima himself/herself/yourself locked the door

 

2. Did you do the homework yourself/herself/ourselves?

 

3. I yourself/myself/themselves made the reservations.

 

4. I cut my hair ourselves/myself/themselves.

 

5. She looked at itself/herself/themselves in the mirror.

 

6. You express himself/herself/yourself very well.

 

7. They themselves/ourselves/yourself started the fight first.

 

8. Riya doesn't care about anyone. She only thinks about himself/herself/themselves.

 

PRACTISE

 

C. There are errors in these sentences. Rewrite the sentences correctly.

 

1. They blamed themself.

 

2. I am shorter than him.

 

3. Which is the news that you bring?

 

4. It was him who should have protested.

5. I and Ram have been chosen to lead the team.

 

6. Which is the purpose of this plan?

 

7. She and me are to blame for this mess.

 

8. The members of the jury was divided in its opinion.

 

9. Between you and I, there is no truth in this.

 

10. One must be careful about what he says.

 

PRACTISE

 

D. Join these sets of sentences with relative pronouns. One is done for you.

 

1. Let us visit the old market. It was set up by the British.

 

Let us visit the old market that/which was set up by the British.

 

2. The tiger was pursuing a buck. The buck was injured.

 

3. Bring me the purse. It is on the bed.

 

4. This is the prize. He won it for his essay.

 

5. This is the man. We were saved by his presence of mind.

 

6. Unfortunately, I missed the bus. It was to take me to Kochi.

 

7. Here is the surgeon. He will operate on my friend tomorrow.

 

8. The girl arrived late. She was scolded by her teacher.

 

CHALLENGE

 

E. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate distributive or relative pronoun.

 

1. ……………. of the girls was given a certificate.

 

2. This is the best film …………….. he ever made.

 

3. This is the man ……………… has three sons in the army.

 

4. The crowd, ……………… had gathered near the market, grew restive.

 

5. They, …………… are gifted, do well in life.

 

6. The boy ……………… was elected captain of the team, has resigned.

 

7. …………….of you may answer the questions asked by me.

8. The tornado……………. that struck the town destroyed several houses.

9. I hate people ……………… throw stones at dogs.

 

10. These are the boys ……………… were called to his office.

 

11. The good ……………..men do, lives after them.

 

12 The answer ………………..I gave is incorrect.

 

13. ………………….of the programmes may be chosen.

 

14. This is the teacher about ………………we were speaking.

 

Chapter 4: Adjectives 

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Fill in the blanks with the correct alternative.

 

1. There is too ……………noise in the streets. (many/much)

 

2. I like ……………sweets. (Turk/Turkish)

 

3. He has ……………….money. (enough/much)

 

4. He ate ………………….biscuits. (few/a few/little)

 

5. …………………..citizen must vote. (all/every)

 

6. Bring me ………………..chair. (these/that)

 

7. Mr Reddy is a man of ……………words. (few/a few)

 

8. It was a ……………….opportunity. (terrific/terrifying)

 

9. The plan was an………………failure. (total/absolute)

 

10. He is to …………………..me by a few years. (senior/superior)

 

11. He is the ……………..man in command. (one/second)

 

12. This building is…………… than the one we live in. (older/elder)

 

13. What is the ………………..news? (later/latest)

 

14. You can take ………………..of the four toys. (either/one)

 

15. I have warned the boy …………………times. (some/several)

 

PRACTISE

 

B. Underline the adjectives in this paragraph. Identify the participial adjectives.

 

I reached the forbidding building on Park Avenue in a black car. I knocked on the closed door, and a short bald man opened the door. I entered a bright room lit with glowing candles. By the fireplace, there was a big easy chair with a shining tea table and a smaller chair beside it. A girl in a pretty dress and a cheerful smile appeared from nowhere. I felt shy. On the other side of the barred window, the glorious sun was setting the evening sky aflame. Suddenly, I noticed a sombre man sitting on an upholstered divan with a Persian rug over his knees. Behind him was a spectacular painting by Van Gogh. The crimson flowers and the golden Cornfields had been painted with passion. I was impressed by the interesting décor of the room. However, the reigning silence was somewhat disturbing.

 

C. Pick out the participial adjectives from these sentences. Not all sentences will have them.

 

1. I had watered the plant yesterday.

 

2. The injured students got off the bus.

 

3. Manjula played the winning stroke.

 

4. The tiger was seriously wounded.

 

5. She is an experienced teacher.

 

6. The frightened rabbits ran away.

 

7 The hungry children ate up all the sandwiches.

 

8. Why do you have a worried look?

 

9. She is wearing a gold ring.

 

10. You should not read in a moving bus.

 

11. People walked over the frozen lake.

 

12. Today is a cold day.

 

13. The man must provide supporting evidence.

 

14. The man knocked on the door that was closed.

 

15. The pressing need of the hour is a roof over our heads.

 

16. I escaped through the broken window of the ruined house.

 

17. The wounded deer escaped from the clutches of the leopard.

 

18. The erupting volcano poured out large quantities of lava.

 

19. Mt Everest is the highest peak on earth.

20. He is the richest man in the village.

 

21. The kitten was playing with the falling leaves.

 

22. The police caught the prisoner who had escaped.

 

23. It was such a long and boring flight.

 

24. I am frightened of lizards.

 

25. What a frightening film!

 

PRACTISE

 

D. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the adjectives given in the brackets.

 

1. He is the …………….. student in the class. (bold)

 

2. My fever is …………… than what it was yesterday. (bad)

 

3. It was certainly the ………. moment of his life. (proud)

 

4. It is surely ………… to preach than to practise. (easy)

 

5. The ……………. proposal came from a little child. (good)

 

6. Very few people have been as …………… as he. (lucky)

 

7. He believes he is…………… than his sister. (smart)

 

8. Shankar is the …………. member of his family. (young)

 

9 This is the …………….. church in India. (old)

 

10. She looked ……………..in the evening gown. (lovely)

11. This machine is …………….. than that. (heavy)

 

12. My sister is …………….. than my mother. (tall)

 

CHALLENGE

 

E. Now, change the degrees of comparison according to the instructions.

 

1. Shakespeare is greater than all other English dramatists. (Superlative)

2 Sita is more popular than all other girls in the school. (Superlative)

 

3. The Taj Mahal is the most beautiful monument of our country. (Comparative)

4. Dehradun is cooler than Delhi (positive)

5. Chennai is one of the biggest cities in India. (Positive)

6. Namita is the best student in this group. (Comparative)

7. He is cleverer than his sister. (Positive)

8. The ostrich is the biggest bird. (Comparative)

9. Lead is the heaviest metal. (Comparative)

10. Ahmad is not as tall as his brother. (Comparative)

 

PRACTISE

 

F. These sentences contain an error in the use of positive, comparative and superlative adjectives. Rewrite them correctly.

 

1. This is the tallest of the two buildings.

2. My assignment is most prestigious than yours.

3. The wind grew strongest as the day progressed.

4. Who is the older? Tanu, Tanvi or Tara?

5. This poem is not as best as the one you published last month.

6. I have two aunts. The youngest is a teacher.

7. This is definitely the hotter day of the season.

8. It seemed dark than it actually was.

9. We live in the taller building of the area.

10. She is the most lively of the two sisters.

 

Chapter 5: Adverbs

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Fill in the blanks with the kind of adverbs mentioned in the brackets.

 

1. She arrived ……………for the class. (adverb of time)

 

2. This mango is …………….. ripe. (adverb of degree)

 

3. We walked ………………. in the direction of the school. (adverb of manner)

 

4. The grains were scattered ……………. . (adverb of place)

 

5. She will return …………….from Delhi. (adverb of time)

 

6. I cannot read the notes. He writes ……………. . (adverb of manner)

 

7. The child wept ……………. . (adverb of manner)

 

8. He was hungry, …………… he went straight to the canteen. (adverb of reason)

 

9. Breakfast is………… ready. (adverb of degree)

 

10. He ……………visits us in May. (adverb of frequency)

 

11. He will get a job ……………… . (adverb of place)

 

12. She ………….. travels by bus. (adverb of frequency)

 

13. ……………..do you usually come home? (interrogative adverb of time)

 

14. She is ………….. ill to go to work. (adverb of degree)

 

15. The father looked …………….. at the baby (adverb of manner)

 

PRACTISE

 

B. State whether the highlighted words are adverbs or adjectives.

 

1. The teacher dictated the notes in a loud voice.

 

2. There is enough milk in the pot.

 

3. He visits his mother daily.

 

4. I have worked enough for a day.

 

5. The early riser enjoys a longer day.

 

6. Work hard if you wish to do well.

 

7. The politician spoke loudly.

 

8. Exercise should be a part of your daily routine.

 

9. Late arrivals were sent back home.

 

10. He arrived early.

 

11. The children sang merrily.

 

12. He reached the station late.

 

13. This truly is a hard nut!

 

14. This will be a long wait.

 

15. She hit him hard.

 

PRACTISE

 

C. Insert the adverbs given in the brackets in their correct positions.

 

1. I am late for school. (often)

 

2. Sanjay agreed to the plan. (readily)

 

3. He has finished the work. (almost)

 

4. He did well in the examination. (fairly)

 

5. I asked for a glass of milk. (only)

 

6. We shall meet you soon. (certainly)

 

7. I like the book that I bought yesterday. (rather)

 

8. He was brave to challenge the authorities. (enough)

 

PRACTISE

 

D. Fill in the blanks with very, too or much as required.

 

1. Amin is…………….young to go for a swim alone.

 

2. I am ……………glad to see you.

 

3. Ishaan plays tennis ……………….well.

 

4. I am ……………sleepy to go for a jog tonight.

 

5. Her handwriting is ……………….worse than mine.

 

6. The film was ………………better than I expected.

 

7. You have to be …………….careful when you go to the beach in the rainy season.

 

CHALLENGE

 

E. Rewrite the following sentences replacing the highlighted words with adverbs from the box.

 

 (independently, politely, manually, abnormally, finally, beautifully, unusually, immediately)

 

1. I agreed to accept his offer without any delay.

 

2. At the end, after some discussion, we signed the agreement.

 

3. I want to start something on my own.

 

4. He spoke to me in a polite manner.

 

5. Govinda operated the heavy machinery by hand.

 

6. The interior designer has decorated my flat in a beautiful manner.

 

7. The water of the river has risen beyond the usual limit for summer.

 

8. Scientists believe that bacteria often behave in an uncharacteristic manner.

 

Chapter 6: Articles

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Insert a/an where required.

 

1. What………. shame! He cannot make it to the reunion.

 

2. He is ………….honourable man but has been largely misunderstood.

 

3. I met ……………Assamese gentleman while travelling from Agra to hill station.

4. He has ……………headache and needs to take rest.

 

5. The workers formed …………… union in order to discuss their problems.

 

6. Grandma told us a story about ……………one-eyed pirate.

 

7. ………….honest person will never lie.

 

8. She wants to buy ……………South Indian sari.

 

9. …………aunt of mine, who lives in Egypt, will visit us in summer.

 

10. Our train is late by ……………..hour. We may have to change our plans.

 

11. Could you add ……………little salt to the salad?

 

12. I need …………..lot of money to fulfil my dreams.

 

PRACTISE

 

B. Insert, omit or change articles where necessary.

 

1. Chinese is not a easy language.

 

2 Moon is shining in sky.

 

3. Don't play fool.

 

4. This is a best of the lot!

 

5. Kindness that he showed was truly touching.

 

6. The privileged of community should help poor.

 

7. I met a Austrian at an university in the Germany.

 

8. He thinks he is the Tagore!

 

9. My father admires the truth and honesty in men.

 

10. I play the football every day after school.

 

11. We enjoyed ourselves meal that you cooked.

 

12. Salman is better swimmer than golfer.

 

C. Correct these sentences, if necessary.

 

1. It was an European problem.

 

2. Balu should contact the local police now.

 

3. We were working on it all the day.

 

4. A human being has needs.

5 Simran is reading a old thriller.

 

6. The police dispersed the protesters.

 

7. I am going to the South Africa.

 

8. David is now drinking the cup of coffee she gave him.

 

9. United States of America is huge.

 

10. I don't read the books.

 

CHALLENGE

 

D. There is an article missing in each line. Write down where the missing article should be inserted.

 

Donald and I were playing in sand pit in our backyard.

We were building sandcastle. We lined it with bricks

and bits of grass. We left some space in middle

in order to pour in bucket of sand. I decided

to go to beach first. Donald was the creative artist.

He was designer in our group. He had once made

a model of unicorn for a school exhibition.

It became centrepiece that year. Suddenly, two dogs

appeared. They could destroy our artwork in jiffy.

Our friends, who were in vicinity, rushed to our aid.

Foundation of our grand castle had to be saved!

 

Then, Donald rose. He let out loud scream.

Dogs ran as fast as their legs could carry them.

Moment of crisis was over. That day, we learnt

that hell hath no fury as artist scorned.

 

Chapter 7: Simple Tenses

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Write the paragraph in simple past tense.

 

I live in a small apartment in New Delhi. I travel by metro to the suburbs every day. I cook my own meals. I wash my own clothes. I train young girls at the Amateur Kabadi Federation of India. I get a monthly salary. It is not much, but I live happily.

 

B. Rewrite the paragraph using simple future tense.

 

Greed poisons men's souls. It barricades the world with hate. It makes us lose our way. It takes us into misery and bloodshed. Our knowledge makes us cynical. Our technology makes us want more and more. In this world, there is always room for everybody. We are incapable of understanding this basis principle. The human inventions drift us apart. My voice reaches millions of people throughout the world. I hope they think about the deep trouble we are in.

 

CHALLENGE

 

Fill in the blanks according to the instructions.

 

1. As a child, I………… regularly, but now I ………..daily. (Simple past of swim, simple present of exercise)

2. I …………..the news with interest and …………. to learn more about the elections. (Simple past of read and resolve)

3. Horrible accidents ………..  place because of firecrackers. (Simple present of take)

 

4. He ………….his full support to the team and ……… to do so in the future. (Simple past of extend and promise)

 

5. I …………. for my colleagues next Monday. (Simple future of cook)

 

6. They ………… themselves at the summer camp. (Simple future of enjoy)

 

7. We are very sorry and ……… how you…………. . (Simple present of understand and feel)

 

8. Hari …………..not ………… anything without his father's permission. (Simple future of do)

 

9. ………. you …………time to go through the draft? We ……… it to the council tomorrow. (Simple future of find and submit)

 

10. He …………at night, …………….during the day, and ……………. for four hours in the afternoon. (Simple present of study, work and sleep)

 

11. I usually ……….up early in the morning, but tomorrow I…………. till nine in the morning. (Simple present of got, simple future of sleep)

 

12. He ……………only a glass of milk every morning. However, from tomorrow, he …………. an apple. (Simple present of drink, simple future of eat)

 

Chapter 8: Continuous Tenses

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Mark whether the highlighted verbs in these sentences are simple present (SPr), present continuous (PrC), simple past (SP), past continuous (PC), simple future (SF) or future continuous (FC).

 

 

1. Why are you not carrying a bag?

 

2. The cook will cut the vegetables.

 

3. She finished the letter. I posted it.

 

4. We were thinking of visiting you.

 

5. Mira sold her paintings at an exhibition hall built last year.

 

6. When Farhan arrived, I was taking a bath.

 

7. The train will be leaving in an hour.

 

8. He was studying in the bedroom when the lights went out.

 

9. Sam visits his uncle every Sunday.

 

10. We shall be trekking in the area before he leaves for London.

 

11. When I visited the monument the last time, I found it crumbling.

 

12. My sister is washing a lot of clothes as she will be going out of town.

 

13. The children are playing outside, while their mothers are drinking tea.

 

14. Rahim was walking down the road when he noticed something strange.

 

15. Jiyaís father was driving the car when the accident took place. No one was injured.

 

CHALLENGE

 

B. Change the tense of the verb in each of these sentences according to the instructions in the brackets. Make necessary changes.

 

1. We tied his hands and feet and held him fast. (Present continuous)

2. The police guarded the roads. (Future continuous)

3. He ran so fast that he became breathless. (Past continuous)

4. They pushed and jostled in the crowd. (Present continuous)

5. I had not received any letter from him. (Future continuous)

6. I read an article in the newspaper about what the government plans to achieve in five years. (Present continuous)

7. My father sold the old car and bought a new one. (Future continuous)

8. The dog happily chases its own tail for hours (Present continuous)

9. He left for Mumbai. He took a new job. (Future continuous)

10. He came to my house to tell me what has happened. (Present continuous)

 

Chapter 9: Perfect Tenses

 

PRACTISE

 

A. A verb is highlighted in each of these sentences and its tense is mentioned in the brackets. State whether the tenses mentioned are correct. If not, correct them.

 

1. When I arrived, the members were eating. (Simple past)

 

2. He failed last year. (Past perfect)

 

3. I shall have done this exercise by 9 a.m. (future perfect)

 

4. They are going to the zoo (simple present)

 

5. Saraswati was working in the office. (Past perfect)

 

6. Kolkata stands on the Hooghly River. (Simple past)

 

7. The show commenced after we had reached. (Past perfect)

 

8. When I reach home, father will be cooking (present continuous)

 

9. Dr Sen has taught many children in this area. (Present perfect)

 

10. Rahul was driving his bike when it started to rain. (Past continuous)

 

11. She has been a social activist for many years. (Past perfect)

 

12. The tennis tournament commences next week (simple future)

 

13. I have finished this canvas just now. (Present perfect)

 

14. I was cooking the whole morning. (Past perfect)

 

15. The criminals had fled before the security guards arrived. (Past continuous)

 

B. Fill in the blanks according to the instructions in the brackets.

 

1. We …………. in Delhi for ten years. (Present perfect tense of live)

 

2. The plumber …………..repairing the damaged pipe when it started to rain. (Past perfect tense of finish)

 

3. Before you reach the station, the train……………. . (Future perfect tense of leave)

 

4. You ……………the task by the time your guests arrive. (Future perfect tense of complete)

 

5. Yasmin ……….. for Mumbai. (Present perfect tense of depart)

 

6. Priyanka ………….a brilliant article for the science magazine, but it wasn't published. (Past perfect tense of write)

 

7. He …………..never ………….. such a wonderful sight. (Past perfect tense of see)

 

8. Villagers ………….the breach in the embankment by then. (Future perfect tense of notice)

 

9. Heera said, 'I ……….my homework.’ (Present perfect tense of do)

 

10. You …………….the news by then. (Future perfect tense of hear)

 

11. The yacht ……………. before the rescue team arrived. (Past perfect tense of sink)

 

12. We …………… him to be a generous man. (Present perfect tense of know)

 

C. Rewrite these sentences using the tense specified within the brackets. At least one verb will have to be changed. Make other necessary changes.

 

1. The play will begin when you reach the theatre. (Future perfect)

 

2. The boss arrived before the employees came. (Past perfect)

 

3. The politician had just arrived for the meeting. (Present perfect)

4. We had known him for a while. (Present perfect)

 

5. We shall be reaching the station around then. (Future perfect)

 

6 I had been working for two hours when he arrived. (Past perfect)

 

7. You will see me before you leave. (future perfect)

 

8. The Town Hall had been closed when we reached. (Past perfect)

 

D. Join these pairs of sentences using the past perfect tense and making changes where necessary.

 

1. She finished sweeping the floor. The telephone rang.

 

2. The students left. It began to rain.

 

3. The thieves wiped the place clean. We reached home.

 

4. Aditya submitted an application form. He left for college.

 

5. The cat jumped upon the table. I did not have time to react.

 

6. I made up my mind. My parents arrived to discuss the matter.

 

7. I reached the station. Usha reached before me.

 

8. I planned it. I executed it successfully.

 

E. Choose the correct verb from those in the brackets.

 

1. I…………. I was wrong about him. (was knowing/knew)

 

2. My cousin …………married last week. (got/has got)

 

3. I ………….him since we left school last year. (haven't seen/didn't see)

 

4. Our school ………….on the first of July. (reopens/will reopen)

 

5.  We ……………..for New York this evening. (are leaving/leave)

 

6. I ……………..a phone call from him yesterday. (had received/received)

7. She ……………..that she would soon become famous. (hoping/had hoped)

8. I ……………the Game of Thrones series. (watched/have watched)

 

CHALLENGE

 

F. Change the following sentences as directed. Make the necessary changes.

 

1. The doctor has just left the clinic. (present continuous tense)

 

2. We leave for London this evening. (simple past tense)

 

3. She hopes that her friends visit her. (past perfect tense)

 

4. They have been trying to contact you. (past perfect tense)

 

5. Grandmother went for a walk every morning. (simple future tense)

 

6. I walk to school every day. (simple future tense)

 

7. I have cleared the cupboard. (past perfect tense)

 

8. They have finished their work. (future perfect tense) will be

 

9. Jaishree was waiting at a metro station for her friend. (future continuous tense)

 

10. We are watching a documentary on PM Modi. (past continuous tense)

 

11. He speaks rudely. (present perfect tense)

 

12. When will your school reopen? (simple present tense)

 

13. My grandmother exercised regularly. (simple present tense)

 

14. The river is flowing under the bridge. (simple present tense)

 

15. The police are looking for clues. (past continuous tense)

 

16. I am listening to the Prime Minister's speech. (past continuous tense)

 

17. The children are going to school. (past continuous tense)

 

18. I want to go home. (simple past tense)

 

19. Reema will go to the library after school. (simple present tense)

 

20. My mother is making dinner, and my father is working in the garage. (future tense)

 

Chapter 10: Modals and Auxiliaries 

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Choose the correct alternatives.

 

1. You …………not lie. (should/can)

 

2. She……………be ashamed of herself (could/should)

 

3. We ………….help those in distress. (need/ought to)

 

4. …………… you please lend me this book? (will/shall)

 

5. I am glad she ………………come yesterday. (would/could)

 

6. ……………I come to meet you tomorrow, ma'am? (may/can)

 

7. You …………plan your future in advance. (shall/should)

 

8. I am late for office. I……………. take a cab. (may/must)

 

9. You could wait a while. You ………….. not go to the doctor immediately. (need/ought to)

 

10.  We …………… buy this pen drive. We have one at home (might not/must not)

 

11. One ……………eat dinner too late. (should not/need not)

 

12. You …………..regularly visit your dentist. (should/shall)

 

13. She was afraid that if she requested him again, he ……………refuse. (can/might)

 

14. If you are unruly, you ………………be kept back after school. (can/ shall)

 

B. Fill in the blanks using appropriate modals.

 

1. …………..you please tell me the direction to the hotel?

 

2. You …………..pay in cash. They do not accept credit cards.

 

3. I …………. come home from the office today.

 

4. ……….. I help you?

5. You ……………..clean your room.

 

6. We are not in use. keep the lights and fans switched off when they

 

7. We………………… improve the existing education system.

 

8. ………………you have a wonderful day!

 

9. I ………….. go to see the film. The reviews are good.

 

10. I …………… definitely be at the airport to receive you.

 

11. She ……………….take her meals regularly.

 

12. 'You………… reach home before eleven, she said.

 

13. ……………….we go for a walk?

 

14. The soldiers in the army ……………..wear a uniform.

 

15. There is one more point I ………………refer to.

 

16. You have worked hard. You …………………pass.

 

17. It is very cloudy. It ……………………rain.

 

18. You ………………….be properly dressed when you come to office.

 

19. ………………….you like to come to the party tomorrow?

 

20. People ……………………not tell lies.

 

C. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate modals in accordance with the instructions given in the brackets.

 

1. I………….. attend the concert. (weak possibility)

 

2. ……………..you pass on this message to my family? (polite request)

 

3. Do not worry. You ………………..receive a scholarship. (promise)

 

4. ……………..I take your leave? (asking for permission)

 

5. You ………………….apologise immediately (threat)

 

6. The child …………………play the piano. (expressing ability)

 

7. ………………you like some cake? (polite offer)

 

8. …………………you like to have a cup of tea? (request)

9. We …………………..obey the laws of the land. (moral duty or obligation)

 

10. ……………. this be true? (possibility)

 

11. He ……………enjoy watching Hindi films. (indicate past habit)

 

12. I ……………. finish the work before he comes. (fixed determination)

 

13. The highway ……………… be blocked due to a recent landslide. (possibility)

 

14. ……………. you earn fame and fortune! (to express a wish)

 

15. She ……………………speak eight languages. (ability)

 

16. You …………………. complete your homework before going to play. (necessity)

 

CHALLENGE

 

D. The following passage has not been edited. There are errors in the usage of modals. Write the incorrect word and the correct word in the space provided. Put a cross (x) if there are no errors in a line.

 

Incorrect

 

Correct

 

The label can be removed before cooking.

Then, the cookware could be rinsed in

warm soapy water. It is advisable to keep

to low heat The cookware would never

be used on high heat. Very high

temperatures would cause sticking.

The handles used to also loosen.

 

However, one should not worry about the

maintenance as it is quite easy.

The vessel might be cleaned with a liquid

detergent. One cannot use sharp detergent.

Chapter 11: The Non-finite Verbs

PRACTISE

 

A. Fill in the blanks with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the brackets, with or without to as the case may be.

 

1. Let us

 

(eat)

2. I am sorry this. (learn)

 

3. I hope the order. (win)

 

4 was impossible. (return)

 

5. I will not let you (leave)

 

6. Bid him there. (stay)

 

7. He was quick the matter. (understand)

 

8. You need not now. (go)

 

9. I saw him the phone. (take)

 

10. I felt something cold my hand. (touch)

 

11. The police wanted

 

the premises. (search)

 

12. is a crime against humanity. (waste)

 

13. It was wrong him. (scold)

 

14. I failed you. (reach)

 

15. It is too late now. (start)

PRACTISE

 

B. Rewrite each of these sentences by replacing the highlighted verb with an infinitive. Make necessary changes.

 

1. I agreed that I would do the work

 

2. Our country expects that its citizens will do their duty

 

3. He has many sisters whom he must provide for

 

4. As he had no money, he could not buy vegetables.

 

5. We were delighted when, we heard the good news.

 

6. The mayor was elated when he learnt that his city was declared the cleanest city.

 

7. Our landlord was the last man who left the apartment.

 

8. I was the last person who saw him here

 

9. Mr Sen hopes that he will get the contract.

 

10. We were delighted when we reached Shimla by the toy train.

C. Join these sets of sentences using infinitives.

 

1. I heard of your new job. I was happy

 

2. He has a plan. He will execute it

 

3. Every company has a manager. He takes care of the business.

 

4. He speaks the truth. He is not afraid of it.

 

5. All teams have coaches. They guide them

 

6. I stayed at home. I wanted rest.

 

7. He went to Mumbai. His objective was getting a job.

 

8. He must study It is the only way of achieving success

 

9. He collects precious stones. It is his hobby

 

10. Our teacher is very kind. She cannot scold anyone.

 

D. Complete the following sentences with a 'to-infinitive' and any other necessary words.

 

1. I think you will be surprised

 

2. Miss Pushpa Shetty is certainly qualified

 

3. Actually, I am not fully prepared

 

4. We will be ready

 

5. My friend is inclined

 

6. Everyone will be disappointed

 

7 He bought some flowers

 

8. Remind me

 

9 Leave early

 

10 I would like you.....

PRACTISE

 

E. Rewrite these sentences by inserting the participles given in the brackets in the appropriate place. Make other necessary changes. Follow the example.

 

1. Over the wall, the thief escaped (jumping) Jumping over the wall, the thief escaped.

 

2. The noise, the thieves fled. (hearing)

 

3. A baby is difficult to manage (crying)

 

4. The men ran into the factory loudly (screaming)

 

5 By the enemy, the soldier put up a brave front. (captured)

 

6. Slept, we felt fresh (having)

 

7 By the door, the child waved goodbye (standing)

 

8. The night cold, we stayed indoors (being)

 

9. The poor children slept by the cinders (smouldering)

 

10 By endless suffering, the man grew hopeless. (broken)

 

PRACTISE

 

F. Join these pairs of sentences using participles.

 

1. He picked up his stick. He ran to the door.

 

2. He walked into an empty room. He looked around.

 

3. I walked into the library. I went to the counter.

 

4. I was mesmerised by the scene. I stood rooted to the spot.

 

5. I alighted from the train. I looked for my mother.

 

6. We saw some boys. They were quarrelling among themselves.

 

7. He was deceived by his employer. He lost all hope.

 

8. I heard a loud noise. I got up from my bed.

9. The man was injured. He was hospitalised.

 

10. A man was walking down the lane. He spotted a kitten.

 

11. She hurt her leg. She stopped walking

 

12. Mr Hegde completed his work. He went to sleep.

PRACTISE

 

G. Identify the highlighted words as participles or gerunds in these sentences.

 

1. Loitering in the corridor is forbidden.

 

2. The thundering clouds soon came down as rains.

 

3. Rowing down the stream, we came across a beautiful waterfall.

 

4. Killing wild animals is a cruel sport.

 

5. We were tired of listening to his complaints.

 

6. Driving down the lane, I found a puppy.

 

7. My sister dislikes waiting.

 

8. Being frightened, she hid in the closet.

 

9. His behaviour was frustrating.

 

10. I love watching the stars at night.

 

11. The children slid on the frozen lake.

 

12. The boys, swimming in the pond, had a merry time.

13. Duped by a local thug, he lost all his savings.

 

14. Excusing herself from the conference, she went to answer the phone.

 

15. Sleeping is my cat's favourite hobby

 

16. The speeding car crashed against the tree.

 

17. James loves swimming

 

18. Camping along the banks of the Ganga is my idea of a vacation.

 

19. I love cooking for friends.

 

20. The gurgling stream provided a picturesque view.

 

PRACTISE

 

H. Circle the correct answer.

 

1. I would like see/to see you again.

 

2. I saw him cross/to cross the road.

 

3. He likes swimming/to swimming.

 

4. He does nothing but watch/to watch television all day long.

 

5. To learning/Learning French is not difficult.

 

6. Do not get off a run/running bus.

 

7. Finishing/Having finished their work, they went home.

8. After completing his homework, he went out to play/playing

 

9. He is anxious to get/getting the news.

 

10. I must exercising/exercise more to keep fit.

 

Rewrite each of these sentences using a gerund in place of the infinitive.

 

1. Teach me to cook

 

2. To dance will require training

 

3. To waste is not wise

 

4. To sleep is Roopa's favourite activity.

 

5. Children love to eat chocolates

 

6. To save is a good habit.

 

7. I like to swim in the lake.

 

8. Farishta prefers to read, than to play outdoors

 

J. Complete these sentences in your own words, using a gerund or an infinitive, whichever you think is correct.

 

1. I am tired

 

2 We objected

 

3. She is waiting

 

4. The man was punished

 

5. The child began

 

6. He tried

 

7 The architect is...

8. The lady enjoys

 

9. She prefers.

 

10. He refused.

 

K. Pick out the non-finite verbs in this text.

 

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CHALLENGE

 

L A daughter has written a letter to her mother describing the journey that she and her younger brother undertook to see their uncle. Complete the letter using appropriate non-finites (-ing', '-ed' and 'to' verb form).

 

Dear Mother

 

It would perhaps interest you a)

 

that

 

b) c) by bus is a lot of fun. We keep out of the window. It is good

 

d) e) such a lot of greenery Sheep and cows in the field is a common sight.

 

I enjoy f) 9) the birds in flight. We hope our uncle's home in an hour.

 

Love

 

Kiran

Chapter 12: Transitive and Intransitive Verbs

PRACTISE

 

Underline the verbs in these sentences and state in each case whether the verb used transitively or intransitively. If the verb is used transitively, point out the object/objects.

 

1. The teacher gave me a book.

2. The children sang a lovely song.

 

3. The birds sang sweetly.

 

4. The men declared a truce

 

5. We waited for an hour

 

6. The boy narrated a tale

 

7. He fell asleep.

 

8. Can you spare a few minutes?

 

9. He spoke rudely

 

10. The car halted suddenly

 

11. I burnt my hand

 

12. The fire raged through the forest.

 

13. They laughed at the joke

 

14. The storm destroyed the house

 

15 The farmer sold me some potatoes.

 

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate objects for the verbs.

 

1. My brother has polished his

 

2 I brought for my sister

 

3. The boy threw a.... at the window

 

4. Frustrated with the official's call, Ethan kicked the

 

5. The student guessed the correctly

 

6. Moorthy cleaned the thoroughly

 

7 I corrected the yesterday

 

8. Shagufta cooked for all of us

 

9. Please, take off your

 

before entering the house.

 

10 Mother helped

 

11. He locked up all the before leaving

 

12. They pushed the down the stairs

 

13. She made for us

 

14. The farmer grows in these fields.

 

15. We saw the land on the runway.

CHALLENGE

 

Indicate whether the verbs in these sentences are transitive or intransitive. Name the object of each transitive verb and the complement of each verb of incomplete predication.

 

1. The child has fallen asleep.

 

2. The court found him guilty.

 

3. The dog has gone quite crazy

 

4. The boy watered the plants.

 

5. Pushpa speaks the truth.

 

6. They are Tibetans.

 

7. Nambu became the secretary.

 

8. She appears lonely.

 

9. The sky grew dark in the evening.

 

10. They opened the box.

 

11. He was elected chairman.

 

12. They set the prisoners free.

 

13. They looked relieved.

 

14. I have become an engineer.

 

15. The students blamed him.

 

16. The tea tastes bitter.

 

17. Rahim proved me wrong.

 

18. He became a minister.

 

19. The weather is pleasant.

 

20. We found grandfather asleep.

Chapter 13: Active & Passive Voice 

PRACTISE

 

A. Underline the verbs in these sentences and state whether they are in the active or in the passive voice.

 

1. The farmer ploughed his land regularly.

 

2. The storm had caused extensive damage.

 

3. The ball was gifted by my coach.

 

4. He drank the glass of milk.

 

5. I dug the pit in the darkness of the night.

 

6. The teacher opened the door of the cupboard.

 

7. The mission was accomplished.

 

8. A moment later, the door was flung open by the prince.

 

9. The chocolate cake was baked by my mother.

 

10. The injured puppy was taken to the hospital

 

11. I picked up the heavy box from the table.

 

12. Kamal laughed at the joke.

 

13. The girl was chewing the same piece of gum for hours.

 

14. I unfastened the strings of the bag.

 

15. The people obeyed the king's command.

 

16. The prescription will be written by Dr Mitra.

 

17. The squeaky mouse ate the cheese.

 

18. The crowd lined the road and cheered the leader.

 

19. He lit a candle.

 

20. He picked up the ring furtively

 

21. The letter was mailed by Pragya.

 

22. The book was bought by my father.

 

23. They called off the meeting.

 

24. Someone cleaned the window.

 

25. English is spoken all over the world.

PRACTISE

 

B. Change the verbs in these sentences from the active to the passive voice. Make changes as required.

 

1. Children love cakes.

 

2. Open the windows.

 

3. Krish made special biscuits for everyone.

 

4. Arushi picked up the ball and kicked it.

 

5. My mother loves her pet dog.

 

6. Have you completed the painting?

 

7. We elected Divya our class monitor.

 

8. Santa Claus gave me a gift.

 

9. Everyone loves ice creams in summer.

 

10. When will they shift the office?

 

11. They knew this.

 

12. Maya kept Rita waiting.

 

13. One should keep one's promises.

 

14. Who has done this?

 

15. Your uncle taught me maths.

 

16. The masons are building the house.

 

17. Do the boys play cricket in the afternoon?

 

18. They are watching us closely.

 

19. What does this packet contain?

 

20. The gardener tends to the flowers in my garden.

PRACTISE

 

C. Change the verbs in these sentences into active voice. Make changes as required.

 

1. The procession was led by a noted politician

 

2. Jerry is troubled by Tom.

 

3 Let the painting be unveiled

 

4. A cup of coffee was ordered by my mother

 

5. The factory was inaugurated by Miss Gargi

 

6. The ball was kicked hard by Dorian

 

7. Mr Haider was elected captain by the members of the club

 

8. Can the lead pieces be moved by you?

 

9 Nothing can be done by anyone now.

 

10. A large box was opened by my friend.

 

11 A large crowd was seen by me.

 

12. A very comfortable night was spent by me at the hotel

 

13. A huge bag was carried by the porter.

 

14. The streets were crowded by anxious supporters of the national team.

 

15. The tree was knocked down by a speeding vehicle

 

D. Rewrite this passage in the passive voice.

 

Hamza opened the door, switched on the lights and turned on the television. He took out his wallet and threw it on the bed. Someone had broken the flower vase. Who could have done that? A strange sense of fear plagued him. Was it a haunted room? The sound of a creaking door nearby startled him. Everyone had warned him not to spend the night there.

CHALLENGE

 

E. Given below are six pairs of jumbled sentences. The verb in one sentence in each pair is in active voice, while the other is in passive voice. Rearrange them to form meaningful sentences, and write down if they are in active or passive voice. Follow the example.

 

1. the bone/chewed/dog/the

 

The dog chewed the bone. (active voice)

 

was chewed/by/the bone/dog/the The bone was chewed by the dog. (passive voice)

 

2. white/the/mug/sand/filled/is/with

 

mug/the/sand/white/filled

 

3

 

. Nagesh/is/reading/enjoyed/fiction/by

 

fiction/enjoys/reading/Nagesh

 

4. every/Saturday/by/floor/the/cleaned/Joseph/will/be

 

floor/every/clean/will/Joseph/the/Saturday

 

5. Pie/apple/Mary/the/ate

 

Mary/was/eaten/by/the/apple/pie

 

6. a pizza/Abhinav/bought

 

by Abhinav/was bought/a pizza

 

aman sitt ritlw shit ni nobregatinas & oi bezala saison ant to

Chapter 14: Subject - Verb Agreement 

PRACTISE

 

A. Biju and Bhavi visit a restaurant. Complete the conversation by choosing the correct form of the verb.

 

Bhavi: This table beside the window view. (offer/offers) a good

 

Biju: Yes, the view from here of the mountains, clouds and sky (is/are) beautiful, isn't it?

Bhavi: The music and the lighting Here's the menu. (is/are) both perfect.

 

Bija: Every item listed here but none of them (sound/sounds) so French, (is/are) expensive

 

Bhavi: Can you see if the house (serve/serves) Chinese?

 

Biju: No, they serve/ser (serve/serves) only Tibetan and Thai

 

Bhavi: Either of them

 

(are/is) fine.

 

B. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct verbs from the brackets.

 

1 Slow and steady the race. (win/wins)

 

2. My spectacles missing from my bag (are/is)

 

3. Half of hundred fifty (are/is)

 

4 Many a candidate failed the test (has/have)

 

5/ The students of this class very committed (is/afe)

 

6. The crockery in this shop quite expensive. (are/is)

 

7/ A fleet of ships docked here. (is/are)

 

8./ Notices been sent to all involved. (has/have)

 

9 The class given different suggestions (has/have)

 

10 A herd of cows

 

grazing in the field (is/are)

 

11. Much of the truth not disclosed (were/was)

 

12 Not a drum heard. (was/were)

 

C. In each of these sentences, supply a verb in agreement with the subject.

 

1

 

Karthik and I

 

are

 

great friends.

 

Bread and butter nake nutritious

 

3. Four and four eight

 

Mathematics master a difficult subject to

 

5 Each of the boys given a plan.

 

 

6. Every one of the motels full

Neither he nor they are wou was correct

 

8. My friend, as well as I, Naist felicitated

 

9. A number of vehicles. been impounded by the police.

 

10. The committee passed the resolution.

 

11. Ten miles a long distance.

 

12. Oil and water doo not mix

 

13. His means meagre

 

14. The historian and philosopher dead

 

15. No one explained this properly.

 

CHALLENGE

 

D. This paragraph contains some errors in subject-verb agreement. Find and correct these errors. Remember, the tense of the verb should not change.

 

It are one thing to visit a

 

zoo as an ordinary member of the public but quite another to live in the middle of it This, at times, can be a mixed blessing It certainly enable you to rush out at any hour of the day or night to observe your charges, but it also mean that you is on duty twenty-four hours a day, and you finds that a cosy little dinner party disintegrate because some animal have broken its leg, or because the heaters in the reptile house has failed, or for any of a dozen reasons. Winter, of course, are your slack period, and sometimes days on end passes without a single visitor in the grounds and you begins to feel that the zoo are really your own private one. The pleasantness of this sensation are more than slightly marred by the alarm with which you views the mounting of your bills and compares them to the lack of gate money But in the season, the days is so full and the visitors so numerous that you hardly seems to notice the passing of time, and you forgets your overdraft.

Chapter 15: Prepositions

PRACTISE 

 

A. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions.

 

1. You must leave..... sunset.

2. The child hid behend the curtains.

 

3. Our class teacher will return a week

 

4. I jumped to the lake weth the others.

 

5. I shall return then the fifth of the month.

 

6. The event proved to be an eye-opener many

 

7. I think you should leave ables completing your work.

 

8. Keep the biscuits. the shelf under the sink

 

9. He stood bowed with the principal his head

 

10. I arrived ceremony. on time before the inauguration

 

11. You will find him sitting quietly the fireside On a chair

 

12. Five years by I was born, this house was built my father

 

13. He has come to this country London, and will be staying for a month

 

14. The American tourists plan to walk twor an the hills. They will stay there a village bo a week.

PRACTISE

 

B. Now, complete these passages choosing appropriate prepositions from the ones given in the brackets.

 

1. I would like to sit my mother during the show. My mother said that she had no idea as to who 10/01 me would accompany her that day. I spotted the tickets for the show on a table (beside, besides) the window

 

2 The island nation of Sri Lanka India. The people on physical appearance (of, off) is situated the coast Sri Lanka are very similar to Indians in their

 

3. I have been ill Sen Monday, so I am not sure whether our principal has joined work tomorrow, I should be able to assist

you. I know that our clerk has been assisting you ne (from, since) last year

 

The Smith brothers are quarrelling among themselves. I was surprised to see this because there have never been any arguments between my brother and me. The problem will be solved if the brothers agree to share the responsibilities arong themselves equally (among between)

 

5. There was once a talented artist who learnt to paint foot because he could not do anything encouraged 4 his mother (by, with) his left his hands. He was

 

Fill in the blanks choosing prepositions from the box. Put a cross (x) where no preposition is required. You may need to use some prepositions more than once.

 

since beside over

 

from besides at

 

between in with

 

among into for

 

en of by

 

upon

 

off

 

behind

 

1

 

1

 

1. The child has been ill Scence Monday

 

2. He has been my teacher I was a child

 

3. The cat jumped st 4. You will have to choose sturen the two participants

 

the fat mouse and killed it.

 

5. He will start his journey ot five in the morning

 

6. I wonder how X Tom was chosen fr the task

 

7. The leopard jumped off the tree and ran into its cage

 

8. Remember to distribute the sweets among the children the class

 

9 I asked him to switch rooms of the lights all the empty

 

10 I asked him to put the box on window the table by the

 

11. I will go and sit besede next room my grandmother who is besace the

 

town

 

12. He has been his first lecture yesterday and will deliver today

 

13. The bowl is made the museum silver and will be Monday display

 

14. The sum thirty men money was too small to be divided

 

15. famous actors, many sportsmen will also the opening ceremony. participate

 

CHALLENGE

 

D. In this paragraph, some prepositions have been incorrectly used. Rewrite the paragraph using the correct prepositions. You may also omit prepositions when they are not required.

 

Close by the nursery is a garden that is tended to by an old man Besides the garden, there is a church In Sundays, many people come to the church. For the service, some of the people enter the garden. On one corner of the garden, there is a small pond for many water lilies. The garden is open to the public from four hours at the morning The old gardener lives in a cottage after the church The priests for the church are very fond off him. On yesterday, the priests were shocked to find that his cottage was empty. A bunch of keys was in the table around the window. His coat was hanging on a hook at the wall. 

 

Chapter 16: Conjunction 

PRACTISE

 

A. Match the columns and rewrite the two sets of sentences by joining them with the conjunctions and/but/or. Make other necessary changes.

 

1 Anusha won the competition.

 

a. Radha could go to the market

 

2. Rita wanted to buy a book.

 

b. I will certainly attend it.

 

3. Seema could go to the market

 

c. All aid material is lost.

 

4. The truck carrying aid has

 

d. You can take a taxi to the station.

 

overturned 5. You can take a bus to the

 

e. She also won the race.

 

station. 6 Janaki will accompany me to the hostel

 

f. The team has another chance

 

7. I have decided not to participate in the competition.

 

to qualify g. She did not have the money.

 

8. The football team lost the first match

 

h. Janaki will leave after that.

B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate conjunctions. Choose from the words given in the box. You may use a conjunction more than once. You may not need to use a few.

 

and

 

or otherwise

 

1.

 

nevertheless

 

either or both and

 

but still yet SO neither nor no less than for not only but also as well as

 

is he good at his work does he wish to learn it

 

2. Mary was late, she finished the paper on time

 

3 take a bath go for a swim

 

4. She is industrious motivated

 

5 Gita her sister, has received a scholarship

 

6 Leave immediately, you will miss your flight

 

7 The rescue workers were exhausted by the heat. refused to cease work for a while they

 

8. The recent floods caused extensive damage to the village, the school on the hillock was spared

 

9 do I want to learn French German

 

10. He did not put in adequate effort.

 

he failed the test

 

C. Join these pairs of sentences using coordinating conjunctions.

 

1. He is poor. He is happy

 

2. It is raining I have to go out

 

3. Run fast You will miss the bus.

 

4 I was angry I did not utter a word.

 

5 The food was tasty. It was inexpensive

 

6. I do not know the details I will find out for you

 

7 Kushal bought a pen. He also bought a calculator

 

8. Ravi was punished Sammy was punished too

 

9 He is committed to his work His employer loves him.

 

10. Vivek did not leave the office on time. He missed the last train

 

PRACTISE

D. Rewrite these sentences using the conjunctions given in the brackets. The meaning should not change. One is done for you.

 

1. I shall do the work only if you allow me to. (unless)

 

Ishall not do the work unless you allow me to.

 

2. We eat in order to survive. (that)

 

3. On realising my mistake, I felt sorry. (as)

 

4. Being ill, he stayed at home. (because)

 

5. He wins respect everywhere. (wherever)

 

6. Without studying hard, I will not succeed. (unless)

 

7. No policeman being present, the thief escaped with ease. (since)

 

8. The heavy rains resulted in the crops being destroyed (so...that)

 

9. He is practising hard in order to be selected in the school cricket team. (so that)

 

10. As soon as she heard the news, she ran out of the house (when)

 

11. When they reached the theatre, the show had started (before)

E. Join these sentences using suitable subordinating conjunctions.

 

1. His performance was poor. We were all very disappointed.

 

2. I am taking a taxi. I do not want to be late for the function.

 

3. He must do well. I will give him a prize.

 

4. There is life. There is hope.

 

5. The teacher found his bag. He had left it there.

 

6. I cannot spare my notes. I have a test tomorrow.

 

7. Trust is once lost. It is lost forever.

 

8. I got a phone call. I left for my hometown immediately

 

9. We did not invite him to the party. We did not know he was in the city

 

10. I prefer to visit this library. It has a better collection of books

CHALLENGE

 

F. Correct these sentences. Focus on the use of conjunctions.

 

1. I will leave while my mother arrives.

 

3. The earthquake was severe and the village was not affected.

 

2. He, no less his sister, is responsible for the mess.

 

4. The weather was fine as well as the sea was calm

 

5. It appears since his mother is in a foul temper.

 

6. He checked my notes nevertheless I finished cooking.

 

7. No sooner did I receive the news, I left for Mumbai.

 

8. He will accompany you unless you desire it

 

9. Mother will complete the portrait where she has time

 

10. The management wanted to know though he would accept the proposal.

 

11. Not only had Jatin boarded the bus but also it started.

 

12 Both Randhir and Raj has broken the plate.

Chapter 17: Interjection 

PRACTISE

 

A. Indicate the emotions expressed in these sentences.

 

1. Well donel That was really commendable.

 

2. Oh! What a horrible accident.

 

3. What! It can't be true.

 

4. Hush! Tabla rehearsals are on.

 

5. Ah! What a stupid thing to do.

 

6. Alas! What a loss to our country.

 

7. Yuck! There is a fly in my soup.

 

8. What a shame! You did not have the courage to speak the truth.

 

Fill in the blanks with the suitable interjections selected from the words in the brackets. I We won the tournament again. (Hurrah/Alas)

 

1.

 

2. There is a tiger behind the bushes. (Look/Oh)

 

3. Are you calling from the police station? (Oh/Hello)

 

4.

 

She won the first prize. (Hurrah/Bravo)

 

5. You risked your life to save the lady. (Oh/Bravo) )

 

They're writing an examination. (Oh/Hush

 

6. 7. I I That's not a very good sign. (Bravo/Ah)

 

8 This wound will take a while to heal. (Dear me/Hold on)

Chapter 18: Punctuation 

PRACTISE

 

A. Insert commas, full stops and capital letters wherever necessary.

 

1. ma'am I shall be happy to be of assistance

 

2. i need an intelligent sincere and committed scholar

 

3. the statue of liberty is a world famous monument it was gifted to the united states of america by the people of france

 

4. the captain when he was dying expressed his wish to be reborn as an indian

 

5. the violin the cello the trumpet and the clarinet are all musical instruments

 

6. one day we were walking towards the market when we spotted miss jones taking her dog for a walk

7. i was born in kolkata but i grew up in chennai

 

8. the germans the french the italians and the dutch do have something in common

 

9. large crowds gathered outside buckingham palace hoping to catch a glimpse of queen elizabeth

 

10. mother I want to talk to you for a minute I need to discuss the salient features of the indian constitution with you

 

11. when the sun rose when the mist cleared when the birds began to sing I came out of my tent

 

12. there is an interesting chapter in our book about the habits of certain tribes in south africa

PRACTISE

 

TT

 

TT

 

B. Punctuate the following, and insert capital letters wherever required.

 

1. oh I am so sorry

 

2. alas our great king is dead

 

3. do you have a copy of the bible

 

4. what bad luck it had to rain now

 

5. bravo you have done an excellent job

 

6. why must you leave for chandigarh right away 

7. do you think she of all people will agree

8. if you are willing we will accept the deal

 

9. hurrah she has won the first prize in the tournament

 

10. will it not hurt your parents if you behave in this manner

 

11. o dear you are bleeding profusely I think we need to call sor sen

 

12. would it be possible for you to lend me your geography textbook

PRACTISE

 

C. Snart full stops, commas, Inverted commas, interrogation marks, exclamatios marks, and use capital letters where required.

 

1. why did you purchase so many mangoes I asked him

 

2. who is the man at the door asked rohan leaving his chair putting on his coat and moving towards the door

 

3. the sun has set the sky has cleared and a soft wind is blowing said She hermit

 

4. he said to me please take your seat

 

5. my father said you better be careful about what you say you are too short tempered

 

6. the teacher said there is an interesting piece in our textbook titled hardy and ramanujan by c p snow

 

7. she said I am feeling will not go school today

8. well this is indeed a pleasant surprise she said cheerfully

 

9. he answered oh yes he was a great english playwright

 

10. mother said william do stop complaining

 

CHALLENGE

 

D. Punctuate these passages, and use capital letters wherever required.

 

1. my god he said as I drew him in what has happened I asked what hasn't they wiped us out drink some water I said he drank it he then sat down before the table put his head on his arms and began to sob like a little boy while I with a curious forgetfulness of my own recent despair stood beside him wondering

 

look said lucy suddenly what's that a stream shouted the others and tired as they were they raced to the fresh water now said edmund when they had drunk their fill what about those sandwiches oh hadn't we better save them said susan we may need them far worse later on i do wish said lucy now that we're not thirsty we could get some food as well well then said peter let's have those sandwiches what's the use of saving them till they go bad

Chapter 19, Direct & Indirect Speech.

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Change these sentences into indirect speech.

 

1. She said to Rita, 'When I was in Shillong, I often met Mini

 

2. I said, 'Children are very energetic

 

3. The pilot said to the passengers, 'The plane will land in Jammu

 

4. The speaker said, "Young students need to devote some time to social work

30 sec pree passes coope to topologer are карби обтека obus adverse en goo ooo

 

 

 

5. The lawyer said, 'It is a hopeless case

 

6. The teacher announced, 'There will be no classes today

 

7 Sarah said, 'Gita had worked efficiently'

 

8. The director said to the students, 'You are very dedicated, so you will do well in life'

 

9 Soma said to me, 'I was very ill, but I am better now

 

10. The passenger said, 'I must buy some water

 

PRACTISE

 

B. Change these sentences into indirect speech. Remember to use appropriate reporting verbs.

 

1. The budding cricketer said to his coach, 'I shall improve if you guide me."

 

2. I said to my friend, 'You are not working hard enough."

 

3

 

The lady said to her son, 'You are very impatient and lose your temper for trivial reasons.

 

4. I said, "He can be trusted to do this job'

 

5. You said to me, 'Sandeep should not have criticised his sister.'

 

6. He said, 'I shall talk to you about this next month'

 

7. Jiya said to me, 'I shall return from London before you leave for Chennai.

I said to the mason, "You are taking too long to finish the work. You promised to complete it in a month

 

9 Dr Srivastava said to me. You have injured your hamstring muscle. You need to take rest till next week.

 

10 He said to me, "You can go swimming tomorrow.

 

11 Raghu told me, I met our maths teacher yesterday and he promised to visit us today.

 

12. I said, 'We shifted to this apartment a month ago.

 

PRACTISE

 

C. Change these sentences into indirect speech.

 

1. The stranger said to me, 'Have you lost your way?"

 

2. I said to Rima, 'Would you like to have a chocolate sundae?

 

3. She said to me, 'What would you like to eat, dear?'

 

4. She said to me, 'How much money should I take for the vacation?'

 

5. She said to the plumber, 'Can you fix it in a day?' The plumber said, 'No, I cannot start work before next week.

 

6. I said to the man, 'Could you direct me to the post office?"

 

7. I said to my teacher, 'Can you explain this to me tomorrow?'

 

8. Gaurav said to his mother, 'Why can't we go to the library today?"

 

9. She said to her friend, 'Will you help me pack my bags?' Her friend said, "Yes, certainly"

 

10. She said to me, 'Who are you and what is it that you want from me?"

PRACTISE

 

 

 

1. Change these sentences into indirect speech.

 

1. I said to Shakira, 'Help me in cleaning this room.

 

2. She said to me, 'Please repeat what you just said."

 

3. The director said to the actor, 'Be careful when you perform the stunts.'

4. The priest said to me, 'May the Almighty grant you a long life!'

 

5. 'How pretty I look!" said the young girl.

 

6. Her brother said to her, "You should not speak ill of your friends.'

 

7. The mother said, 'Children, do not be so nervous about the exams.'

 

8. 'You have done very well! Keep up the good work,' said the teacher to Sabah.

 

CHALLENGE

 

E. Change to direct speech.

 

 

1. He proposed to us that we should go for boating.

 

2. The teacher advised her students to work hard and consistently.

 

3. He begged his mother to forgive him.

 

4. The man wanted to know how long it would take to reach the station.

 

5. The manager said that he was busy then.

 

6. He said that he had met them a month before.

 

7. He asked his students whether they had understood the topic.

 

8. He informed me that the shop had been closed since the previous month.

 

9. The teacher said that the earth rotates on its own axis.

 

10. He reminded me that I had to visit my aunt that day

Chapter 20: Transformation of Sentences

 

PRACTISE

 

Change each of these sentences as directed.

 

1. Who can forget Mahatma Gandhi? (change to assertive)

 

2. I wish I were young again. (change to exclamatory)

 

3. How wet and cold you are! (change to assertive)

 

4. There was no one present who did not applaud. (change to affirmative)

 

5. He is too weak to move about. (change to negative)

 

6. Is this the kind of behaviour expected of you? (change to assertive)

 

7. This can never happen. (change to interrogative)

 

8. I am yearning for a short holiday. (change to exclamatory)

 

9. None will deny that he is a dignified person. (change to affirmative)

 

10. You will never forget this wonderful boat ride. (change to interrogative)

Chapter : 21.Kinds of Phrases 

 

PRACTISE

 

A. Use these phrases in sentences of your own.

 

1. on the blackboard

 

2. through the window

 

3. some time ago

 

4. the open door

 

5. for her children

 

6. towards the door

 

7. not so easy

 

8. to the shop

 

9. in the swimming pool

 

10. in the shadow

 

B. Mark () if you think the highlighted group of words in each of these sentene is a phrase.

 

1. We have purchased a house in this village.

 

2. He did it in a hurry.

 

3. That was an act of bravery.

 

4. Playing golf is his hobby.

 

5. If you wish, I shall accompany you.

 

6. Be careful! Drive with caution.

 

7. The bus will reach in a short while.

 

8. The crowd attacked the office violently.

 

9. The soldiers fought in a brave manner.

 

10. My little brother loves listening to stories.

 

11. You must carry garments made of wool.

 

12. Keep the food in the fridge as it is quite warm today.

 

13. The child standing near the gate is wearing a coat made of silk.

 

14. The chair that is placed by the window is an antique piece.

 

15. We need a basketball coach with some years of experience.

C. Fill in the blanks with suitable noun phrases of your choice. Also mention if the noun phrase acts as the subject or object of the verb in each case.

 

1. The children like

 

2 is not easy

 

3. I prefer

 

4 is not impossible any more

 

5. We enjoy

 

6. is no surprise

 

7. He expected

 

8 gives me immense pleasure

9. The students wanted

 

10. My friends hate

 

11. is commendable.

 

12. Would you mind ?

PRACTISE

 

Underline the adjective phrases in these sentences. Then, replace the adjective phrase in each sentence with an adjective, without changing the meaning

 

1. An airhostess with a smiling face greeted us.

 

2. Shami is a cricketer with promise.

 

3. Deeds of heroism deserve praise.

 

4. It was a night full of horror.

5. We walked down a path full of mud.

 

6. The holy man leads a life of austerity.

 

7 They built a fort with stones. They used stones from the locality.

 

8. He is a man of wit. He enjoys narrating stories of humour

 

E

 

. Fill in the blanks with suitable adjective phrases of your choice. Underline the noun that is qualified by the adjective phrase in each case.

 

1. The car

 

belongs to my father.

 

2. I like children

 

3. A table was placed by the window.

 

4. A man

 

is always admired

 

5. He is a footballer

 

6. The committee submitted a report

 

7 Goods

 

are inexpensive.

 

8 We discussed some issues

 

PRACTISE

 

F. Underline the adverb phrases in these sentences. Then, replace the adverb phrases with suitable adverbs.

 

1. Mobile phones were expensive in those days

 

2. He is without doubt a talented artist

 

3. We waited for the announcement with eagerness

 

4. He walked towards the store at a brisk pace.

 

5. I think he resigned from the job in a hurry

 

6. We learnt the tricks of the trade step by step.

 

7. Mr Naidu reached the office after the appointed hour.

 

8. In the end, everything was sorted out

 

G. Fill in the blanks with suitable adverb phrases of your choice.

 

1 Reply to the letter

 

2. Fatima is

 

a sincere worker.

 

3. the train is late

 

4. The workers protested

 

5. I was a student

 

6. The waters gushed

 

7. Drive disrepair. the road is in a state of

 

8. villagers were superstitious

 

H. Classify the highlighted phrases as noun phrase, adjective phrase or adverb phrase.

 

1 The stuffed toy in the shop window is very cute

 

2. The doctor checked his patients very thoroughly

3. The dress with the blue bow is very pretty.

 

4. The garden in the compound has very pretty flowers.

 

5. The house with the white fence is very big.

 

6. The blue sky is dotted with clouds.

 

7. We had no mobile phones in those days.

 

8. The leader of the people decided to accept their requests.

 

9. The essay was written very eloquently by the student.

10. The exquisitely embroidered handkerchief is a gift.

PRACTISE

 

A. Use these phrases in sentences of your own.

 

1. on the blackboard

 

2. through the window

 

3. some time ago

 

4. the open door

 

5. for her children

 

6. towards the door

 

7. not so easy

 

8. to the shop

 

9. in the swimming pool

 

10. in the shadow

 

B. Mark () if you think the highlighted group of words in each of these sentene is a phrase.

 

1. We have purchased a house in this village.

 

2. He did it in a hurry.

 

3. That was an act of bravery.

 

4. Playing golf is his hobby.

 

5. If you wish, I shall accompany you.

 

6. Be careful! Drive with caution.

 

7. The bus will reach in a short while.

 

8. The crowd attacked the office violently.

 

9. The soldiers fought in a brave manner.

 

10. My little brother loves listening to stories.

 

11. You must carry garments made of wool.

 

12. Keep the food in the fridge as it is quite warm today.

 

13. The child standing near the gate is wearing a coat made of silk.

 

14. The chair that is placed by the window is an antique piece.

 

15. We need a basketball coach with some years of experience.

C. Fill in the blanks with suitable noun phrases of your choice. Also mention if the noun phrase acts as the subject or object of the verb in each case.

 

1. The children like

 

2 is not easy

 

3. I prefer

 

4 is not impossible any more

 

5. We enjoy

 

6. is no surprise

 

7. He expected

 

8 gives me immense pleasure

9. The students wanted

 

10. My friends hate

 

11. is commendable.

 

12. Would you mind ?

PRACTISE

 

Underline the adjective phrases in these sentences. Then, replace the adjective phrase in each sentence with an adjective, without changing the meaning

 

1. An airhostess with a smiling face greeted us.

 

2. Shami is a cricketer with promise.

 

3. Deeds of heroism deserve praise.

 

4. It was a night full of horror.

5. We walked down a path full of mud.

 

6. The holy man leads a life of austerity.

 

7 They built a fort with stones. They used stones from the locality.

 

8. He is a man of wit. He enjoys narrating stories of humour

 

E

 

. Fill in the blanks with suitable adjective phrases of your choice. Underline the noun that is qualified by the adjective phrase in each case.

 

1. The car

 

belongs to my father.

 

2. I like children

 

3. A table was placed by the window.

 

4. A man

 

is always admired

 

5. He is a footballer

 

6. The committee submitted a report

 

7 Goods

 

are inexpensive.

 

8 We discussed some issues

 

PRACTISE

 

F. Underline the adverb phrases in these sentences. Then, replace the adverb phrases with suitable adverbs.

 

1. Mobile phones were expensive in those days

 

2. He is without doubt a talented artist

 

3. We waited for the announcement with eagerness

 

4. He walked towards the store at a brisk pace.

 

5. I think he resigned from the job in a hurry

 

6. We learnt the tricks of the trade step by step.

 

7. Mr Naidu reached the office after the appointed hour.

 

8. In the end, everything was sorted out

 

G. Fill in the blanks with suitable adverb phrases of your choice.

 

1 Reply to the letter

 

2. Fatima is

 

a sincere worker.

 

3. the train is late

 

4. The workers protested

 

5. I was a student

 

6. The waters gushed

 

7. Drive disrepair. the road is in a state of

 

8. villagers were superstitious

 

H. Classify the highlighted phrases as noun phrase, adjective phrase or adverb phrase.

 

1 The stuffed toy in the shop window is very cute

 

2. The doctor checked his patients very thoroughly

3. The dress with the blue bow is very pretty.

 

4. The garden in the compound has very pretty flowers.

 

5. The house with the white fence is very big.

 

6. The blue sky is dotted with clouds.

 

7. We had no mobile phones in those days.

 

8. The leader of the people decided to accept their requests.

 

9. The essay was written very eloquently by the student.

 

10. The exquisitely embroidered handkerchief is a gift.

PRACTISE

Chapter : 22 Clauses

A. There are some highlighted groups of words in these sentences. State whether they are phrases or clauses.

 

1. The lady who was ill was taken to a hospital in the suburbs.

 2. The tourists wished to leave the resort early as it was far away from the beach.

3. The members of the club were very tired because they had trekked for hours.

 

4. Sheena wanted to return to Delhi as she needed to join work immediately.

 

5. The girl acted with great courage

 

6. The injured athlete was in great pain since she had sprained her ankle.

 

7. The bird that is sitting atop the mango tree is a regular visitor.

 

8. We welcome all those who have taken the trouble to be with us today.

 

9. The workers living in these huts have been employed by the company

 

10. On the way home, I met my friend.

 

11 I go to school in the morning.

 

12. Playing the guitar is my favourite hobby.

 

13. While walking on the beach, Lathika found many shells.

 

14. Nupur went to watch a film after completing her assignment.

 

15. I like cheese and corn sandwiches.

 

B. Complete each sentence after identifying whether the given portion is a phra

 

or a clause.

 

1. leaving behind the cat

 

2. since Riti laughs at diffident people

 

3. smashing into a glass door

 

4. where angels fear to tread

 

5. before the test

 

6. because the shopkeeper smiled at the child

 

7. between knowledge and kindness

 

8. after the world war

 

9. because of his smiling face

 

10. people with high integrity

23. Kinds of Clauses

PRACTISE

 

A. Underline the principal clauses and circle the subordinate clauses in these sentences.

 

1. We worked until the lights went off.

 

2. We will win the match if we practise hard.

 

3. Although we were tired, we kept marching forward.

 

4. Monica cut the vegetables, but Lata cooked them.

 

5. He cooked a new dish, which nobody liked

 

6. We could not buy any gifts because the shops were closed.

 

7. The robbers escaped before the police arrived.

 

8. When the plane landed, the passengers got off.

 

9. Before you eat breakfast, you should always brush your teeth.

 

10. We couldn't sleep because there was a lot of noise.

 

B. Complete these sentences with suitable subordinate clauses from the box given below.

 

whenever she can

 

that he should say this

 

who lost the last election

 

that I could not catch him

 

L

 

that I was looking for

 

what I said to them

 

that he was guilty

 

where I studied

 

1

 

 

 

 

1. The boy ran so fast

 

2. I remember the school

 

3. The girl visits her teacher

 

4. The students did not understand

5. The librarian found the book

 

6. The convict confessed

 

7. He is the politician

 

8. is very unfortunate.

 

PRACTISE

 

 

C. Underline the noun clauses in these sentences and state the function of each clause.

 

1. I think that you will like her.

 

2. I forgot what he had told me.

 

3. Why he resigned is still a mystery.

 

4. When he will return is uncertain.

 

5. I think that he has made a mistake.

 

6. That he will win the race is certain.

7. Do you know who wrote this article?

 

8. There is no meaning in what she just said.

 

9. The children easily guessed what the teacher meant.

 

10. What happened at the meeting surprised the managers.

 

D. Complete these sentences by adding suitable noun clauses.

 

1. My mother cannot understand

 

2. shocks me

 

3. Tell me

 

4. I saw

 

5. was the problem.

 

6. I hope

 

7. His father does not know

 

8 remains a mystery

 

LEARN

 

Adjective Clauses

 

Now, read these sentences and observe the function of the highlighted clause in each.

 

He is the naughty boy who broke the window

 

The cat played with the red ball which was on the floor.

 

• The apartment that he purchased was very spacious.

 

We notice that the clauses act as adjectives in these sentences. They tell us more about the naughty boy, the red ball and the apartment. The clauses are introduced by relative pronouns like who, which and that.

 

PRACTISE

 

E. Identify the adjective clause in each of these sentences and state which noun or pronoun it qualifies in the main clause.

 

1. He has a sister who has joined the army.

 

2. I love the painting that hangs in the main hall

 

3. All the good things that we enjoy are gifts of nature.

 

4. The grapes which he sent us were very sweet.

 

5. I am often reminded of the town where I lived.

 

6. The doctor who treated me is a very kind man.

 

7. I would like to meet the person who has organised this conference.

 

8. The huge bridge that spans the river was built almost a hundred years ago.

 

9. The Taj Mahal that stands in Agra was built by many skilled artisans in Shah Jahan's time.

 

10. All the men who live in this building return from work by train.

 

F. Supply suitable adjective clauses to complete these sentences. Identify the noun that is qualified in each case.

 

1. He left by the train

 

2. I know the lady.

 

3. Any student

 

4. He has bought a book

 

5. The building

 

a famous architect

 

will have to pay a fine.

 

was designed by

 

6. Do you know the road

 

7. He met the pilot

 

8. Diamonds come from South Africa.

PRACTISE

 

 

G. Identify the adverb clauses and state their functions.

 

1. I shall be late as I have a meeting.

 

2. Bake me a cake before you leave.

 

3. You can keep it wherever you wish.

 

4. I am happy that you could join us.

 

5. You could drink some tea while you wait.

 

6. Put in more effort so that you may improve.

 

7. If it snows, the roads will be blocked for some time.

 

8. I did not buy the book because it was too expensive.

 

9. It rained so heavily that the train lines were soon under water.

 

10. Unless you work harder, you will not secure the required marks.

CHALLENGE

 

H. Pick out the adjective, the noun and the adverb clauses in these sentences.

 

1. Do you know when he will return to the city?

 

2. She came to see me because she had something important to say

 

3. What ails him is not known

 

4. I will leave after I have met the teacher.

 

5. The donkey which was carrying the heavy load looked tired.

 

6. Since it is quite cold, you should wear a coat.

 

7. The little girl told a lie because she was afraid of her mother.

 

8. I will go to the village where my father was born.

 

9. The doctor admitted that he had been mistaken.

 

10. I could answer all the questions that the history teacher asked me.

24. Simple, Compound & Complex Sentences

PRACTISE

 

Complete the sentences as directed in brackets.

 

1. Chanthu waited (simple sentence)

 

2 Sumesh had stolen some cosmetics, so (compound sentence)

 

3. You could accept our offer or sentence) (compound

 

4. You need to prepare for the Biology test tomorrow if (complex sentence)

 

5 The bus was (simple sentence)

 

6 Venki and Soumi took sentence) (compound

 

7. I love to eat a chapatti, although (complex sentence)

 

8 The baby cried for

 

(simple sentence)

 

9 The big dog barked whenever sentence) (complex

 

10. They spoke to Devika in Hindi, but (compound sentence)

 

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25. Synthesis of Sentences

PRACTISE

 

A. Using suitable conjunctions, combine these simple sentences to form compound sentences.

 

1. It rained heavily. There was no waterlogging.

 

2. She was very kind to us. We did not mind at all

 

3. He read the book. He remembered every detail.

 

4. You must speak the truth. You will be punished.

5. His father is not a teacher. His father is not an artist.

 

6. He was a good student. His parents took pride in him.

 

7. She will go to school by car. She will go to school by bus.

 

8. Our neighbours must be asleep. There is no light in their house.

CHALLENGE

 

B. Join these sentences to form complex sentences.

 

1. The boy is my friend. He lives in that mansion.

 

2. The men escaped. They were convicts.

 

3. He is ill. He cannot attend school.

 

4. The soldiers fought very bravely. They pushed back the enemy.

 

5. Harish has not come for work. Do you know the reason?

 

6. He finished writing the essay. He sat back and relaxed.

 

7. The boy was flying a kite. His sister cheered him.

 

8. The teacher spoke in a very low voice. The students could not hear him.

 

9. The thief saw the policeman approaching. He fled the scene.

 

10. He is a brilliant writer. Everybody acknowledges this.