Chapter 1: The Sentence
A.
1. Neil Armstrong was the first human to set his foot
on the moon.
2. My brother, who is standing there, is a science
teacher.
3. The boy and his mother were going to the mall.
4. My uncle has bought a new scooter.
5. Across the street, a huge temple stood.
6. Neethu and Shalini are best friends.
7. They have bought the villa yet?
8. Who spilled the beans?
9. You are good!
10. Akbar the Great was a visionary monarch.
B.
1. Subject: captain, Attribute: of the football team
2. Subject: My father, Attribute: a doctor
3. Subject: The writer, Attribute: Ruskin Bond
4. Subject: The hot and humid weather, Attribute: hot and
humid
5. Subject: diamond, Attribute: priceless, of the queen
6. Subject: wazir, Attribute: cunning
7. Subject: flames, Attribute: leaping
8. Subject: notes, Attribute: printed
9. Subject: girl, Attribute: carrying a basket of flowers
10. Subject: man, Attribute: confident
11. Subject: man, Attribute: patient
C.
1. This year, the temperature outdoors, is unbearable at
this time.
2. We can learn a lot about wildlife, their habitats, and
behaviour from television programmes.
3. The Yamuna Expressway has reduced the travelling time
between New Delhi and Agra.
4. One of the reasons for the increasing number of accidents
on the road is the increase in vehicles.
5. Species that cannot adjust to climate change will become extinct.
D.
1. Did you watch yesterday's match?
2. What will you have for lunch?
3. Which is the tallest building in India?
4. How did you make this cake?
5. Have you completed your homework?
E.
1. Come here once.
2. Please help me with my assignment.
3. Don't eat all the biscuits.
4. Be careful while ironing clothes.
5. Pull the cord to switch on the fan.
F.
1. Wow, that was some spine-chilling experience!
2. What a splendid sunrise!
3. Oh no, I made the mistake again!
4. What a lovely bouquet of flowers!
5. What an amazing feast!
G.
1. You must never do this again. Assertive
sentence (NS)
2. Have you finished your meal? Verbal Interrogative
sentence
3. Take this glass of water. Imperative
sentence
4. This is not a very good essay. Assertive
sentence (NS)
5. Please help me to sort this out. Imperative
sentence
6. Birds do not speak in any language. Assertive
sentence (NS)
7. What a beautiful piece of jewellery! Exclamatory
sentence
8. Duryodhana was a valiant soldier. Assertive
sentence (AS)
9. The caretaker of the bungalow let us
in.
Assertive sentence (AS)
10. I thank you heartily for all your
kindness.
Assertive sentence (AS)
11. The Colonel ordered his men to march
ahead.
Assertive sentence (AS)
12. Can you blame the government for all your misfortunes? Verbal Interrogative sentence
H.
1. While we were walking together along the river, I asked him to tell me some stories. 2. The good man suddenly became animated, transfigured, eloquent - almost poetical. 3. In his heart, there was one great passion - the river. 4. He had many memories of the life of the people associated with the river flowing beside us. 5. He told me about the fishermen and the sailors. 6. Were all these stories true? 7. How fantastic they were! 8. I listened with rapt attention. 9. I saw the Moon come up in the eastern sky. 10. How enchanting it looked! 11. I did not care to go home. 12. What was I waiting to hear? 13. Frankly, I do not know who this man was. 14. He had cast a spell upon me. 15. What was his name? 16. I dared not ask.
Challenge I: Identify kinds of sentences in the rewritten passage.
1. Assertive sentence, affirmative
2. Assertive sentence, affirmative
3. Assertive sentence, affirmative
4. Assertive sentence, affirmative
5. Assertive sentence, affirmative
6. Verbal Interrogative sentence
7. Exclamatory sentence
8. Assertive sentence, affirmative
9. Assertive sentence, affirmative
10. Exclamatory sentence
11. Assertive sentence affirmative (NS)
12. Wh-Interrogative sentence
13. Assertive sentence affirmative (NS)
14. Assertive sentence, affirmative
15. Wh-Interrogative sentence.
16. Assertive sentence affirmative (NS)
A. Classification of nouns
Proper
Nouns
1.
Lansdowne
2. Kancheepuram
Common
Nouns
1.
hotel
2.
lake
3.
hills
4.
boats
5.
tourists
6.
shops
7.
pastries
8.
army
9.
camp
10.
officers
11.
uniforms
12.
ladies
13.
saris
14.
children
15.
woollens
16.
benches
17.
lakeside
18.
students
19.
college
20.
mother
21.
bangle
22.
silversmith
23.
statuettes
24.
people
25.
nature
26.
trip
27. year
Collective
Nouns
1.
army
2. camp
Abstract
Nouns
1.
beauty
2.
impression
3.
kindness
4. nature
Material
Noun
1. bronze
B.
Form abstract nouns.
1.
captain : captaincy
2.
deep : depth
3.
idiot : idiocy
4.
bore : boredom
5.
high : height
6.
false : falsity
7.
merry : merriment
8.
deceive : deception
9.
dismiss : dismissal
10.
cheap : cheapness
11.
decide : decision
12. break : breakage
C.
Describe collective nouns:
1.
pack : wolves or dogs
2.
shoal : fish
3.
sheaf grains
4.
bevy : birds
5.
gang : workmen or robbers
6.
mob : riotous crowd
7.
stack : hay or straw
8.
suite: rooms or furniture
9.
tuft : birds or plants
10.
congregation : people assembled for
worship
11.
den : lions or wild animals
12. colony : people or animals settled together
D.
Fill in collective nouns:
1.
anthology
2.
posse
3.
choir
4.
crew
5.
audience
6.
clump
7.
pride
8.
band
9.
gang
10. clutch
E.
Identify noun gender:
1.
jury (common/neutral), criminal (common/neutral)
2.
king (masculine), doe (feminine)
3.
businessman (masculine), lawyer (common/neutral)
4.
emperor (masculine), lady (feminine)
5.
prince (masculine), servants (common/neutral)
6.
uncle (masculine), wife (feminine), cousin (common/neutral)
7.
viceroy (masculine), duchess (feminine), child (common/neutral)
8.
author (common/neutral), orphan (common/neutral), teacher (common/neutral)
9.
great-aunt (feminine), husband (masculine), niece (feminine)
10. hero (masculine), director (common/neutral), friend (common/neutral)
F.
Fill in plural forms:
1.
buffaloes
2.
dormice, footsteps
3.
mosquitoes, wasps
4.
children, women, colonies
5.
deer, wolves
6.
geese, ponds, calves
7.
elves, shoes
8.
footmen, stairs, carriages
G: Correct the errors.
1.
axes : axis
2.
advices : advice
3.
alm : alms
4.
peoples : people
5.
measles are : measles is
6.
sceneries : scenery
7.
Ten thousands : Ten thousand, mens : men
8.
A numbers : A number, machineries : machinery
9.
informations : information, poetries : poetry
10. phenomena : phenomenon
Chapter 3: Pronouns
A
1.
Where are they?
2.
He teaches us geography.
3.
They are three months old.
4.
How are you feeling this morning?
5.
We can discuss the matter there.
6.
Children, please help yourselves to
the samosas and cakes.
7.
Keep it carefully.
8.
You could consult him.
B
1.
Sima herself locked the door. (EP)
2.
Did you do the homework yourself? (RP)
3.
I myself made the reservations. (EP)
4.
I cut myself. (RP)
5.
She looked at herself. (RP)
6.
You express yourself very well. (RP)
7.
They themselves started the fight first. (EP)
8.
She only thinks about herself. (RP)
C
1.
They blamed themselves.
2.
I am shorter than he.
3.
What news did you bring?
4.
It was he who should have protested.
5.
Ram and I have been chosen to lead the team.
6.
What is the purpose of this plan?
7.
She and I are to blame for this mess.
8.
The members of the jury were divided in their opinion.
9.
Between you and me, there is no truth in this.
10.
One must be careful about what one says.
D
2.
The tiger was pursuing a buck that was injured.
3.
Bring me the purse that is on the bed.
4.
This is the prize that he won for his essay.
5.
This is the man whose presence of mind saved us.
6.
Unfortunately, I missed the bus that was to take me to Kochi.
7.
Here is the surgeon who will operate on my friend tomorrow.
8.
The girl, who arrived late, was scolded by her teacher.
E
1.
Each of the girls was given a certificate.
2.
This is the best film that he ever made.
3.
This is the man who has three sons in the army.
4.
The crowd, which had gathered near the market, grew restive.
5.
They, who are gifted, do well in life.
6.
The boy who was elected captain of the team has resigned.
7.
Any of you may answer the questions asked by me.
8.
The tornado that struck the town destroyed several houses.
9.
I hate people who throw stones at dogs.
10.
These are the boys who were called to his office.
11.
The good deeds that men do lives after them.
12.
The answer that I gave is incorrect.
13.
Any of the programmes may be chosen.
14.
This is the teacher about whom we were speaking.
Chapter 4: Adjectives
A
1.
much
2.
Turkish
3.
enough
4.
a few
5.
every
6.
that
7.
few
8.
terrific
9.
a total
10.
senior
11.
second
12.
older
13.
latest
14.
either
15.
several
B
Short, bald, bright, big, easy, smaller, pretty, cheerful , shy, other, glorious, somber, spectacular, crimson, golden
Participial
adjectives: forbidding, closed, lit, glowing, shining, barred, evening, upholstered, interesting,
reigning
C
injured , winning, experienced, frightened, worried, moving,
frozen, supporting, pressing, broken, ruined, wounded, erupting, falling, boring,
frightened,
frightening
D
1.
boldest
2.
worse
3.
proudest
4.
easier
5.
best
6.
lucky
7.
smarter
8.
youngest
9.
oldest
10.
lovely
11.
heavier
12.
taller
E
1.
Shakespeare is the greatest of all English dramatists.
2.
Sita is most popular of all the girls in the school.
3.
The Taj Mahal is more beautiful than any other monument of our country.
4.
Delhi is not as/so cool as Dehradun.
5.
Very few cities in India are as/so big as Chennai.
6.
Namita is better than any other student in this group.
7.
His sister is not as/so clever as he.
8.
The ostrich is bigger than any other bird.
9.
Lead is heavier than any other metal.
10.
Ahmad’s brother is taller than he.
F
1.
This is the taller of the two buildings.
2.
My assignment is more prestigious than yours.
3.
The wind grew stronger as the day progressed.
4.
Who is the oldest? Tanu, Tanvi or Tara?
5.
This poem is not as good as the one you published last month.
6.
I have two aunts. The younger is a teacher.
7.
This is definitely the hottest day of the season.
8.
It seemed darker than it actually was.
9.
We live in the tallest building in the area.
10.
She is livelier of the two sisters.
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