1. THE SENTENCE
2. NOUN
3. ADJECTIVES
4. ARTICLES
5. PRONOUNS
6. VERB
7. TIME AND TENSE
8. THE PRIMARY AUXILIARIES
9. SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORMS OF PRESENT TENSE
10. SIMPLE AND CONTINUATION FORMS
11. THE PERFECT TENSE
12. EXPRESSING THE FUTURE
13. MODALS
14. Non-FINITE
15. ACTIVE ÀND PASSIVE
16. ADVERBS 22. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE
17. PREPOSITIONS
18. CONJUNCTIONS
19. REPORTED SPEECH
20. PHRASES & CLAUSES, TEST PAPER : 2
21. SENTENCE TYPE
22. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE
Chapter 1: The Sentence
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable question words.
1. ……………has not heard of Lord Krishna?
2. …………….did Bangladesh come into being?
3 …………….do you get up in the morning?
4. ……………..don't you understand me?
5…………….. long does it take to reach Delhi?
6. ………….often have I told you not to disturb me?
7. …………….can I do for you?
EXERCISE 2
Rearrange the words in the following groups to make proper assertive sentences.
1. a junk shop/Mumbai/saw/I/in
2. saw/there/a roll-top desk/I
3. told the man/a 20th century/me/that/it was/piece
4. far too expensive/the others/I had seen/were
5. bad condition/this one/in a/was
6. bought/1/for/very little money/it
7. it/my workroom/paid the man/and/I/brought to
8. on Christmas Eve/began work/on it/I
9. found/hard work/I/it
EXERCISE 3
Rearrange the words in the following groups to make Imperative sentences.
Example: take/do not/cannot return/what/you
Do not take what you cannot return.
1. parents/respect/your/and teachers/always
2. misbehave/with others/never
3. your words/before/weigh/speak/you
4. walk/green grass/do not/on/the
5. while/do not/ the teacher/talk/teaching/is
6. hay/the sun/make/while/shines
7. your talk/brief/in/be/and polite
EXERCISE 4
Rearrange the words in the following groups to make proper exclamatory sentences.
Example: a beautiful/what/it/flower/is
What a beautiful flower it is!
1. the peacock/how/is/beautiful
2. a problem/has become/terrorism/what
3. made/speech/a/wonderful/what/Mr Modi
4. what/is/child/pretty/a/she
5. excellently/drive/how/you/the car
6. very foolish/very wise/some/how/are
7. he/alas/no more/is
EXERCISE 5
Separate the subject and the predicate in the following sentences.
1. The Rajdhani Express moved rapidly towards its destination.
2. There was on display in the museum a Pritam painting.
3. Can you speak French, Mohan?
4. All the water in the vase has evaporated.
5. The students of this school never tell a lie.
6. Sunflowers bloom in summer.
7. The hero rescued the heroine from the burning house.
8. Robinson Crusoe lived in an island for many years.
9. In one corner sat the child.
10. Her mother cannot read or write.
EXERCISE 6
Some of the following sentences have only one clause (i.e. the whole sentence is a clause). In others you can find a subordinate clause also. Separate that clause from those sentences. In sentences where there is no subordinate clause, pick out a phrase from each of them.
1. Where do you keep your money?
2. I keep my books in a cupboard.
3. I met my uncle who has returned from England.
4. He is a very well-behaved student.
5. Don't make a noise in the class.
6. Are you going to your school?
7. Biden is the President of America.
8. This is the place where I first met her.
9. He gets up when the cock crows.
10. I don't know why he is angry with me.
EXERCISE 7
Rewrite the following passage using capital letters and putting in a full stop, a mark of interrogation or a mark of exclamation where necessary.
long ago in Greece, there was a musician called orpheus he played the lyre so well that his listeners forgot their cares and were filled with joy even the trees bent their branches to listen to orpheus wild animals forgot to be cruel and came near him and listened
orpheus had a beautiful wife called eurydice whom he loved more than his life one day she saw a man behind a bush he started following her eurydice ran screaming not looking where she went she stepped on a snake which bit her in a few minutes she was dead
orpheus was overcome with grief he did not play on his lyre any more finally he decided to go to the world of dead if he could not bring his wife back he wanted to stay there with her.
EXERCISE 8
Add question tags to the following statements.
1. There are a lot of people there.
2. It's a nice day.
3. She is very pretty.
4. Mary will be here soon.
5. You can speak German.
6. You have met the minister
7. You are with a friend.
EXERCISE 9
Add question tags to the following negative statements.
1. They don't look well today.
2. They weren't listening.
3. Mohan won't be late.
4. She doesn't know French.
5. He won't mind if I use his phone.
6. The book is not very interesting.
7. He did not drop that vase.
EXERCISE 10
Add question tags to the following sentences.
1. Don't drop the vase.
2. Let's go out tonight.
3. Please open the door.
4. Listen to me.
5. Please lend me your phone.
6. Let us try to solve the problem.
7. Don't let him disturb me.
Chapter 2: NOUN
EXERCISE 1
Read the passage given below. Then identify the different types of nouns.
Bill Watterson
(by Ankit Dangi, Mumbai)
William Boyd Watterson II (born July 5, 1958), better-known as Bill Watterson, is an American cartoonist and writer famous for creating Calvin and Hobbes, the much-loved comic strip featuring the capers of an imaginative six-year-old boy and his stuffed tiger. The strip ran as a daily in several newspapers between 1985 and 1995, after which Watterson stopped creating the strip, much to the disappointment of its fans. At its peak Calvin and Hobbes was published in over 2,400 newspapers worldwide and reruns of the strip continue to appear even today. Over 45 million copies of books (compilations) have been sold. The strip earned Watterson several laurels and awards including the National Cartoonists Society's Reuben Award-the industry's highest honour. Watterson won this award in 1986 and became the youngest cartoonist ever to do so. Watterson now lives with his wife in Cleveland USA. He has taken up painting but keeps away from the public eye.
Write the identified nouns under the correct head in the table below:
S. No.
1. Common nouns
2. Proper nouns
3. Collective nouns
4. Abstract nouns
5. Material nouns
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks by using right forms of the words given in brackets:
1. To their great…………congress lost the election of 2014. (disappoint)
2. Many ………..were signed between the Chinese and Indian heads of states. (agree)
3. Pay ………..to what the teacher says. (attend)
4. The spectators burst into ……….at the …….of the clown. (laugh, see)
5. Indian army has no ………of ammunition.
(short)
6. The boss did not accept his………… .
(resign)
7. Mr Obama gave India the ………….of his country's cooperation. (assure)
8. Is there a …………in this office?
(vacant)
9. Did you get an…………. to attend the function? (invite)
10. To give terrorists to save some lives was a hasty……………… . (decide)
11. The responsible persons have to act with a lot of…………. . (patient)
12. Did you attend the wedding……….. ? (receive)
13. …………….breeds contempt. (familiar)
14. There is a strong…………..between brothers. (resemble)
15. Prices have gone up; that's a …………. . (certain)
EXERCISE 3
Choose the correct collective noun from the box to give a name to the following. The first has been done for you
Sheaf, orchard, bundle, bevy, suite, pack ,crew, fleet, clump, flock, stack, chest, army, brood, constellation
1. a collection of arrows …… Sheaf
2. a number of fruit trees
3. a collection of wood hay, piled together
4. a set of rooms
5. a number of hounds
6. a collection of sticks
7. a group of stars
8. a collection of soldiers
9. a group of bushes
10. a number of ships
11. a number of sailors
12. all the young birds or creatures that a mother produces at a time
13. a number of drawers
14. a number of beautiful ladies
15. a group of cattle
EXERCISE 4
Complete these sentences with suitable collective nouns from the box:
Galaxy, herd, flock, clump, crowd, litter, swarm, flight
1. There was a……………. of trees beside the big building.
2. ………… of onlookers was watching the match.
3. Aakashganga is a ………………….of stars.
4. He ran quickly up a ……………….of stairs.
5. He took his ………..of sheep for grazing.
6. A ……………..of bees entered the room.
7. The cowherd has a……………. of cows.
B. The …………….of the cat contained six kittens.
EXERCISE 5
Match the columns.
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with group names from the box:
Grocery, insects, reptiles, livestock, confectionery, tools, games, fuel
1. hockey, carrom, cricket
2. lizards, snakes, alligators
3. cows, sheep, goats, buffaloes
4. biscuits, cakes, bread
5. kerosene, cooking, gas, fire wood
6. oil, soap, flour, rice
7. hammer, screw-driver, chisel
8. ants, wasps, beetles, bees
Chapter 3: Adjectives
EXERCISE 1
Underline the adjectives in the passage below and mention their kinds.
WHAT IS THE RIGHT AGE TO BRING A PUPPY HOME?
Eight weeks is the minimum age pups should leave for new homes. It's very important that they remain with their mother and littermates until seven-and-a-half to eight weeks of age. Puppies go through five critical periods. During the first three weeks of their life, puppies have next to no mental capacity and their basic needs are provided for by their mother. Little or no handling by humans is required (assuming all is well with the mother and puppies). Around the fourth week, puppies become aware of other living beings. This is an extremely critical period and puppies should not be separated from their mother or littermates, Introduction to humans should be started. Weeks five through seven, they begin socialisation within the litter and also with humans. At this point, they are capable of responding to voices and recognising people. Training by their mother is in progress and they are becoming aware of the differences between human and canine socialisation. Eight through 12 weeks, puppies can find a new home and are capable of learning simple commands such as Come-Sit-Stay-No.
EXERCISE 2
Give the adjective forms of
(a) centre, office, origin, parent, tutor editor, province, surgeon, type, machine
(b) horror, comfort, reason, air, milk, hand, custom, prime, vision, brother
(c) joke, table, muscle, awe, mirth, pity, will courage, envy, circuit
(d) labour, rebel, vice, metal, drama, girl, fever, gift, west, promise
(e) fortune, child, praise, use, slip, America, Belgium, England, Holland
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the words enclosed in brackets.
1. The …….must be treated with respect. (age)
2. No ……….should go unpunished. (crime)
3. The………… persons often get the benefit of the position. (influence)
4. He had with him only………… items (essence)
5. The officers are quick to blame their …………staff for the mistakes. (clerk)
6. His behaviour was………… . (enemy)
7. Let there be no mistakes in your letter. (grammar)
8. Tagore was an………….. . (intellect)
9. The behaviour of the police in that case was………….. . (horror)
10. I hate the …………….language. (abuse)
11. The …………….must be helped. (need)
12. His………….. speech provoked the people. (fire)
13. His bravery is………… . (example)
14. Don't be……………… in defeat. (disgrace)
15. Bhagat Singh's …………..deeds live after him. (courage)
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives from the brackets. Use an article if necessary.
1. Of all the boys in the class, he is …………… . (strong/strongest)
2. Shruthi is ……………. than Ananya. (more beautiful, most beautiful)
3. He is the ………. person I have ever met. (gentler/ gentlest)
4. He is an ………….. person. (able ablest)
5. This is the ……….. edition of this book (later/latest)
5. Time is the ……….. healer. (better/best)
7. The…………. of the two brothers is a teacher. (young/younger)
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with much or many.
1. How…………. sugar did you buy?
2. …………. people came to see the Prime Minister.
3. We have not ……………food left.
4. ………… of what he said was nonsense.
5. ………….of the passengers had a narrow escape.
6. There wasn't …………..discussion at the meeting about the location of the office.
7. Are there ………… computers in your college?
8. …………..temples were shattered in Pakistan.
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with some or any?
1. He had ………….doubts about the plan.
2. He had seldom ………….doubt about the plan.
3. We haven't got ………….butter left.
4. The talks went on at ………….length.
5. Do you have ………….better ideas?
6. I need ………….money. Could you give me ………….?
7. The team has ………….quality batsmen but there are not…………. good bowlers.
8. It was impossible for…………. air to get out.
EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with little, a little, the little, few, a few, the few.
1. She put………clothes that she had into her bag and walked out of the house forever.
2. I have to go now, I have ………work to do.
3. There was ………..work to do, so he could not earn much money.
4. I won't be long. I've got only………. things to get.
5. Although the play is set in Mumbai………….characters in it are all Bihari.
6. I saw her first………….. after midnight.
7. It will take…………… time before you learn your job well.
8. The survivors divided …………water they had between them.
EXERCISE 8
Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word from the brackets.
1. My………… brother is in tenth class. (older, elder)
2. India is considered the………. civilization in the world. (oldest, eldest)
3. Nobody likes your………… brother's attitude. (older, elder)
4. He gave all his time for social work in the ……….part of his life. (latter, later)
5. Between Rahul and Narendra, the people chose the…………. . (latter, later, last)
6. I should be the …………..man to agree to these unfair conditions. (latter, later, last)
7. Who lives in the house………… to yours? (nearest, next)
8. Who in the family is …………to your heart? (nearest, next)
EXERCISE 9
Fill in the blanks with correct words from the brackets.
1. The officer is ………….busy ………..bee. (as, so, that)
2. The musician is……….. blind………. a bat. (as, so, that)
3. He is not………. wise………. solomon. (as, so, that)
4. He is the………. example of a student. (good, perfect)
5. This book is ………….in all respects. (perfect, full, complete, most complete)
6. All politicians are not …………honest ………..the Prime Minister. (so, as, more)
7. His success is (ideal, unique)
Chapter 4: Articles
EXERCISE 1
A. Fill in the blanks with a/an:
1. ………….. magazine
2. ………….. elephant
3. …………..lovely dress
4. …………..interesting book
5. …………..bee
6. …………..parrot
7. ………….. insect
8. …………..extra chair
9. ………….. exercise
10. …………..cupboard
B. Fill in the blanks with an indefinite article each where necessary.
Set I
1. …………..ant is………….. insect.
2. Beethoven was………….. composer.
3. Marilyn Monroe was………….. actress.
4. He studied in ........ university.
5. Shakespeare was …………..author.
6. She is …………..nurse.
7. …………..pigeon is …………..bird.
8. Dave is………….. plumber.
9. Einstein was …………..scientist.
10. Have you got …………..headache?
11. He is …………..child.
12. It's …………..aeroplane.
13. Would you like to be …………..actor?
14. Do you like …………..stamp-collecting?
Set II
1. We don't have …………..camera.
2. Jane is………….. teacher.
3. …………..elephant is …………..huge animal.
4. He is …………..orator.
5. He is …………..liar.
6. What …………..beautiful half …………..hour we have passed!
7. Once there lived………….. king.
8. It was………….. unusually hot day.
9. …………..apple …………..day keeps the doctor away.
10. I read…………..article in …………..scientific magazine.
11. …………..bird in hand is better than two in the bush.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.
Set I
1. This moming I brought…………..pen and …………..diary. …………..pen is in my pocket but I don't know where I put …………..diary.
2. I have …………..invitation to attend ………….. marriage of my friend's son this evening. ………….. boy …………..engineer but I don't know what …………..girl does.
3. There are two cars parked outside: white one is my brother's; I don't know who is ………….. owner of grey one is.
4. My friend lives in…………..house in ……….. in small town. There is …………. beautiful garden behind his house. I would like to have……….. garden like that.
5. Would you like ……………banana?
6. How often do you go to ……………..dentist?
7. Will you shut ……………door please?
8. It was………….mistake.
9. Where is ………….railway station, please?
10. How often do you go to……………. doctor?
11 What's ……………problem? Please tell me.
12. I have ……………problem I need your help.
13. There being no chair, we sat on ………..floor.
14. Have you finished with ………..book I lent you?
15. My brother has got……… job, in ………… bank in Delhi.
EXERCISE 3
Insert articles where necessary:
1. He lives in small village in country.
2. Earth goes round sun in year.
3. I am fed up with taking same food every day.
4. This Sunday was cold day. It was coldest day of season.
5. I had good breakfast this morning.
6. Do you want to live in foreign country?
7. Sun rises in east.
8. The brave man lost arm in battle.
9. It's hopeless case.
10. Set back clock. It's hour too fast.
11. Where did you buy pen?
12. Have you seen Eskimos?
13. Draw map of India.
14. Do not look gift-horse in mouth.
15. Does he know about accident?
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with a, an or the. If no article is required put (X) in the blank:
Set I
1. ………..Tulsidas……….. was Indian poet.
2. I like to study ………..English and Maths.
3. I want to be ………..engineer.
4. ………..Chandigarh is ………..capital of ………..Punjab and ………..Haryana.
5. He is ………..teacher who teaches ………..English.
6. She is wearing ………..blue skirt.
7. ……….. honesty is ………..best policy.
8. As you sow, so shall ………..you reap.
9. ………..bad workman quarrels with ………..tools.
10. ………..cleanliness is next to……….. godliness.
11. ………..apple ………..day keeps ………..doctor away.
12. ………..bread is made o………..f wheat.
13. ………..Amir is ………..actor.
14. Neither ………..borrower nor……….. lender be.
Set II
1. ………..gold and ………..silver are precious metals.
2. Would you pass me ………..sugar?
3. ………..children like to play in water.
4. ………..dinner is ready
5. They speak ………..Hindi at home.
6. I learnt French at ………..school.
7. ………..school is very near to my hous.
8. ………..cook has given……….. notice.
9. He was elected ………..chairman of the association.
10. Send him ………..word that you will go there.
Chapter 5: Pronouns
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
Set I
1. The zebra has strips on ………..back.
2. Let ………..all pray together.
3. It is ………..work.
4. ………..made a complaint.
5. Ma Parker was lost in ………..thoughts.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable personal or possessive pronouns.
Set 1
1. They found……….. in great difficulty.
2. I left the books on the table. Where are……….. ?
3. I have a book. I shall give ………..to you.
4. Tuhin is my friend. ………..gave me a camera.
5. Miss Sraya, how are……….. ?
6. My teacher is a learned man. ………..teaches us English.
7. Here is ………..book. Take it away.
8. Was it……….. who was knocking at the door?
Set II
1. ………..loves his dog and cannot do without……….. .
2. This is……….. book, not mine or yours.
3. The jury were divided in............ opinion.
4. There were many doors but ………..were all locked.
5. If the thief is caught, ………..will be punished.
6. Tanya was not hurt. ……….. jumped up on to ………..feet in a moment.
7. "I wish ………..hadn't cried so much," said Mohan.
8. You are not attending. What are……….. thinking of?
9. Hari brought ………..book and began to read.
10. He has lost ………..dog and is now looking for…….. .
EXERCISE 3
Correct the following sentences using either Reflexive or Emphatic Pronouns or correcting them where wrongly used.
1. We enjoyed much in the party.
2. We would like to meet yourself and Mohan.
3. Myself has been given the task of receiving the guests.
4. Have they invited yourself and your wife to the party?
5. Gole made a joke of Gole.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with suitable Indefinite Pronouns.
1. I knocked at the door but ………..answered.
2. Would you like ………..to eat?
3. Is there ………..that I can give you?
4. Did ………..see him entering the house?
5. ………..know that he is an honest man.
6. Could ………..of them help me?
7. The room was not empty. ………..was certainly there.
8. “ ………..clears up my spirits like a fine day,” said Keats.
9. I am ready to give ………..that I have.
10. ……….. came to help because ………..were busy.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with proper Interrogative Pronouns.
1. ……….. is this book?
2. ………..built the Taj Mahal?
3. ………..do you want to meet?
4. ………..dies if the country lives?
5. ………..will happen when there will be no petrol?
6. ………..is your opinion about this book?
7. Did you ask him……….. he is?
8. I don't know ………..he does.
9. Of ………..are you speaking?
10. Do you know……….. has stood first?
EXERCISE 6
Combine the following pairs of sentences using a Relative Pronoun in each. First one is done for you.
1. He is a boy. He has given me money.
Ans. He is the boy who has given me money.
2.I got this book today. You sent me the book.
3. Karim is very lazy. He was punished.
4. I met my father. He had just arrived from abroad.
5. Here is the man. He showed me the city.
6. It is Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan built it.
7. The girl is my cousin. She has won a prize
8. The teacher has arrived. We were waiting for him.
9. The boy tells lies. He deserves to be punished.
10. I heard a song. The song pleased me.
EXERCISE 7
Define these terms using suitable Relative Pronouns. The first three are done for you.
1. An astronaut is one who goes into space.
2. An axe is an instrument which is used to cut wood.
3. An orchard is a place where there are fruit trees.
4. A farmer
5. A teacher
6. A newspaper vendor
7. A milkman
8. A dentist
9. A plagiarist
10. A perpendicular
11. A tailor
12. A cardiologist
EXERCISE 8
A relative pronoun must be placed as close to its antecedent as possible. Rewrite the following sentences correctly. The first one is done for you.
1. This boy is the son of Mr. Srinivas who has stood first in the class.
This boy who is the son of Mr Srinivas has stood first in the class.
Or
This boy who has stood first in the class is the son of Mr. Srinivas.
2. I with my family reside in a house which consists of five persons.
3. He welcomed the lady who was a very courteous man.
4. The man could not lift the box who was old.
5. The bus did not stop at this place which was running at full speed.
6. The man works in my garden who is 40 years old.
7. I sent my friend a book who needed it.
EXERCISE 9
Rewrite the following sentences omitting the Relative Pronouns.
1. This is the table which I use for study.
2. The book about which you were asking is now in the school library.
3. Where have you left the bag with which you came into the room?
4. These are the students whom I was referring.
5. Was that the train that you wanted to board?
6. Is this the time by which you expected him to arrive?
7. The city in which we stayed for three days is very beautiful.
8. This is the house in which I live.
9. These are the simple tools with which I work.
10. Who wrote the script of the film in which Amit was the hero?
Chapter 6: Verbs
EXERCISE 1
Rewrite the following sentences placing the Indirect Object next to the verb.
1. Give the key to me.
2. Get a mobile phone for me.
3. He sent rupees one thousand to his son.
4. I gave money to my younger brother.
5. Bring a cup of coffee for the guest.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
Columbus in Ship
1. Columbus…………… America. (invented/discovered)
2. Watt…………..the steam engine. (invented/discovered)
3. The child was……………… in the tank. (sunk/drowned)
4. The ship……….. in the sea. (sank/drowned)
5. He……….. in the water . (floated/swam)
6. The leaf………. on the water. (floats/swims)
7. Please……………to me. (listen/hear)
8. The speaker was………….with attention.
(heard/listened)
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box:
Deferred, borrow, fled, bore, dyed
Floated, grab, doubt, differ, flew, lend
Hung, reply, suspect, held, catch, bon
,bear, confessed, owe, bared, admit, lie, laid
raised
Set I
1. He…………….his heart before his mother.
2. She could not……………. the ill treatment of her husband.
3. Nehru was……………… with a silver spoon in his mouth.
4. She…………him three sons.
5. The promotion of the clerk was……….. .
6. On this question my views………………from yours.
7. He has……………….his grey hair.
8. I have yet to ……………..to your letter.
9. The prisoner…………….. from the prison.
10. The aeroplane…………. beyond our sight.
11. I…………….. his success as he hasn't worked hard.
12. The police…………….. his involvement in that murder case.
Set II
1. A dead body ........on the sea-surface.
2. I……………… you a thousand rupees.
3. Would you……………… me your book?
4. Don't…………….. money. Instead, try to do with what you have.
5. The baby………….. his mother's finger.
6. Can you………………… a falling star?
7. The fielder tried his best to…………… the ball but in vain.
8. We…………… our clothes in the cupboard.
9. Let us ……………our mistakes.
10. He ……………his crime.
EXERCISE 4
Rewrite the following sentences correcting the verbs:
1. The robber waived a pistol.
2. I shall not wave my right to this house.
3. I am sorry I cannot exceed to your request.
4. He was charged of theft.
5. He denied to help me.
6. I refuse the statement attributed to me.
7. The ship drowned without a trace.
8. Most of the passengers of the ill-fated ship were sunk.
9. I watched ten thousand daffodils at a glance.
10. I saw and saw but little thought what wealth the show to me had brought.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the verb form of words given in the brackets.
Aung San Suu Kyi who was ………. (birth) in 1945………… (inspiration) all the freedom loving people of the world. Her struggle against the dictatorial rule is completely ………. (just). All the freedom loving people of the world ………. (sympathy) with her. They ………. (critic) the military dictatorship which is ………. (blood) Myanmar Suu Kyi firmly ………. (belief) in a peaceful non-violent struggle. We wish her to ……….(real) her dream of democracy soon.
Suu Kyi was ………. (education) in Nepal and, India. No words are enough ………. to (glory) Suu Kyi's character.
Underline any seven verbs in the following paragraph:
The governor smiled. He asked his servant to bring in the chest. How eagerly the people standing around waited, for the shepherd to be found out! But how great was their disappointment, and even of the king himself. When the chest was opened, no gold or silver or jewels but an old blanket was all that came out.
Chapter 7: Time and Tense
Find the forms of verbs given in the sentences below. A sentence may have more than one verb form.
1. Once, there lived a bird in a forest.
2. I want to know your name.
3. Borrowing and lending are parts of life.
4. I have known him for long.
5. He forgot that I had helped him.
6. He was scared and distressed.
7. Where is your heart?" asked the crocodile.
8. I thought you had it all the time.
9. They set out for a long journey.
10. I had never been to that city before.
Chapter 8: The Primary Auxiliary
Complete the following sentences using be, do or have.
1. Nirmal ………….. a doctor.
2. Sorry. I ………….. late.
3. She ………….. a house in Delhi.
4. Will you ………….. a drink
5. I ………….. time to do some work now.
6. He …………..a racing bike when he was young.
7. They …………..a fierce argument on the subject.
8. Can I …………..a word with you please?
9. …………..you still that old coat of yours?
10. When he …………..young, he was looked after by his uncle.
11. Normally I …………..my breakfast while I …………..watching T.V.
12. They…………..everything they could to help.
13. I’ll ................ the shopping tomorrow.
14. She said that she …………..plenty of time to do the cooking.
15. The company………….. a lot of work for charity.
Chapter 9: Simple And Continuous Forms Of The Present Tense
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense of the verbs given in brackets.
1. The sun………….. in the west. (set)
2. The magnet ………….. iron. (attract)
3. They………….. in glass houses. (live)
4. They………….. stones on others. (throw)
5. Fortune………….. the brave. (favour)
6. Barking dogs seldom………….. (bite)
7. He …………..a lot. (eat)
8. The children …………..to eat sweets. (like)
9. They …………..English at school. (learn)
10. Who………….. you Maths? (teach)
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the proper form of the verbs given in the brackets:
1. Rain …………..from the clouds. (fall)
2. Death …………..to everyone sooner or later. (come)
3. The shop …………..at 9 o'clock. (open)
4. London …………..on the Thames. (stand)
5. This road …………..from Delhi to Chandigarh. (run)
6. Do you………….. coffee ? (drink)
7. Does she …………..gold? (wear)
8. I………….. a train coming. (see)
(wear)
9. We …………..to Delhi on Sunday. (go)
10. The Indians …………..in India. (live)
11. Mr. Sharma………….. to the office by bus. (go)
12. We………….. to Shimla for a week every year. (go)
13. A vegetarian is a person who never …………..meat. (eat)
14. An honest person always………….. the truth. (tell)
15. I………….. my breakfast at 8 am. (take)
16. There are some birds which………….every year. (migrate)
17. A person who ………….ladies hats is called a milliner. (sell)
18. My brother…………. to the cinema every Sunday. (go)
19. Wagha Border………… India from Pakistan. (separate)
20. ………….you…………. football? (play)
EXERCISE 3
Using the question words given in the brackets and taking help from the words printed in bold letters, frame questions to which the following may be suitable answers.
Example:
Mohan wants a pair of glasses. (what)
What does Mohan want?
1. The child needs its mother. (what)
2. I gather that you are worried. (what)
3. I live in Delhi. (where)
4. They received everyone very respectfully. (how)
5. He teaches English to the villagers. (whom)
6. The train leaves at 7 p.m. (when)
7. There are fifty two cards in the pack. (how many)
8. A camel can drink twenty litres of water at a time. (how much)
9. He keeps fast once a week. (how often)
10. These are Mohan's books. (whose)
EXERCISE 4
Rewrite the following passage using the correct form of the verbs given in brackets in the simple present Tense.
Mohan …………… (have) two brothers. These three brothers …………… (have) two sisters. The elder sister …………… (live) in Ranchi. …………… you (know) that Ranchi is the city where Dhoni …………… (live)? I …………… (love) cricket. So………………. Mohan (do). Which game…………. you……………..(love)? Who …………… (be) your icon?
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the progressive forms of the words given in the brackets. Where it is not possible you may use the simple present form.
1. The cat ……………milk. (drink)
2. Jack…………. by the fire. (stand)
3. Are you ……………coffee ? (drink)
4. You're…………… things. (see)
5. He…………… at the bottle. (smell)
6. I…………… hungry. (be)
7. We…………… for Delhi next week. (leave)
8. When…………… you ……………to see us?
(come)
9. My aunt ……………with us for a few weeks.
(stay)
10. The workmen ……………the road today.
(repair)
11. He…………… his lunch at the moment.
(take)
12. The child…………… . (cry)
13 . The sun…………… in the east. (rise)
14. The train……………at eight in the evening.
(leave)
15. He never……………his fault. (admit)
16. I……………for an hour after my lunch. (sleep)
17. Why……………the child………………? (cry)
18. She…………… a guest whenever she has one. (welcome)
19. Please……………no noise. The child is sleeping. (make)
20. Honesty……………the best policy. (be)
EXERCISE 6
Rewrite these sentences after correcting the mistakes if any:
1. I am smelling something burning.
Ans. I smell something burning.
2. I am thinking you are right.
3. Why are you always disobeying your parents?
4. There is going the bus.
5. Here is coming the bride.
6. My house is standing on the sea-shore.
7. I am seeing a man crossing the road.
8. I am hearing that he has passed.
9. I am feeling like sleeping.
10. The sooner you are doing it, the better it is.
11. All that is glittering is not gold.
12. He is knowing me well.
13. I am fearing that an accident might happen.
14. Are you finding any fault in this programme?
Chapter 10: Simple And Continuous Forms Of The Past Tense
EXERCISE 1
Change the tense of the following passage into the simple past.
The Waiter
Three men in a cafe order a meal, the total cost of which is ₹ 15. Each contributes ₹ 5. The waiter takes the money to the chef who recognizes the three as his friends and asks the waiter to return ₹ 5 to them.
The waiter is not only poor at mathematics but dishonest too. Instead of taking the trouble of splitting the ₹ 5 among the three, he simply gives them ₹ 1 each and pockets the remaining ₹ 2.
Now, each of the men has effectively paid ₹ 4, the total paid amount is therefore ₹ 12. Add the ₹ 2 in the waiter's pocket and the total comes to ₹ 14….. . ₹ 15? Where has the other ₹ 1 gone from the original ?
EXERCISE 2
Correct the sentences given below:
1. We have had a very fine holiday last summer.
2. I have taken my meals an hour ago.
3. I have had my scooter serviced yesterday.
4. She has slept for eight hours last right.
5. I have seen that film last Sunday.
6. It has taken me an hour to write a letter this morning.
7. Do you know whether the doctor was here yet?
8. It has rained everyday last week.
9. He always spoke the truth since I met him.
10. He never cheated me yet.
EXERCISE 3
Frame questions for which the following sentences are the answers:
Example
1. The British ruled Sri Lanka also.
Ans. Did the British rule Sri Lanka also?
2. India became independent in 1947.
Ans. When did India become independent?
3. Pakistan didn't give MFN status to India.
Ans. Did Pakistan give MFN status to India?
1. My mother went to market everyday.
2. He answered the question correctly.
3. His uncle visited them yesterday?
(Start your answer with ‘when’)
4. I stayed with my uncle in Delhi?
(Start with ‘where’)
5. He solved his problems with the help of a computer? (Start with ‘how’)
6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.
(Start with ‘who’)
7. Pakistan did not believe in terrorism.
EXERCISE 4
Complete the sentences using simple past in one space and the past continuous in the other.
1 When she realized, I…………. at her she away. (look, turn)
2. When he………… in hospital, we ………… everyday.(be, visit)
3. Kalam suddenly………… while he………… to the students. (collapse, speak)
4. He………… the scene which………… very beautiful. (watch, be)
5. When his mother ………… in the other direction, the child………… away very quietly.
(look, go)
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the simple past or the progressive past tense of the verbs given in the brackets.
Set I
1 He………….. the road and …………..on the other side. (cross, stand)
2. When we came here, the sun………….. .
(shine)
3. The students………….. while the teacher.
(hear, speak)
4. While running, he …………..and………….. .
(slip, injure)
5. My father was ninety when he ………….. . (die)
6. The student next to me………….. to cheat in the examination. (try)
7. When we reached the station, we saw that the train………….. . (leave)
8. Mohan …………..when a bus …………..him down. (run, knock)
9. I could not………….. what the teacher………….. . (follow, say)
10. When the chief guest………….. on the stage, the students……………… . (come, clap)
11. While I………….., I suddenly………….. a loud shout. (study, hear)
12. I asked my friend whether he …………..for a job. (look)
13. The Titanic………….. while the passengers…………..(sink cry)
14. Last year …………… Elephanta Caves and saw that a part of it…………. . (visit, crumble)
15. When I…………. home, the mother………… . (reach, cook)
Set II
1. When the teacher…………….. the students……………..talking. (come, stop)
2. He…………….. the room in much rage.
(leave)
3. While he…………….. a shout from behind ……………..him. (walk, stop)
4. The sound of the noise…………….. the patient. (disturb)
5. When he…………….. off his cap, I realised that his hair…………….. grey. (take, go)
6. She……………..a lot of money for that picture.(pay)
7. There was a time when pigeons……………..
the letters. (carry)
8. A school boy ……………..a drunkard lying on the road. (see)
9. We……………..someone opening the gate.
(see)
10. When he…………….. I was
……………..the lawn. (arrive, mow)
Underline five simple and continuous forms of past tense.
It was on April 10, 1912; the Titanic was sailing for New York from Southampton. At that time she was the largest ship in the world built in a very special way. So she was regarded as unsinkable. At that moment the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 891. Four days after her setting out, a great disaster happened. At that moment a huge iceberg was spotted very close to the ship. The great ship turned sharply to avoid a collision. Suddenly there was a slight trembling sound from below. The alarm had been given. The captain went down to see what had happened. Five of the ships sixteen watertight compartments were totally damaged by the collision. So the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly. This happened causing the death of 1500 passengers and crew. Only 705 people survived to tell the tale. When the ship started, it had 2228 people on board.
Chapter 11: The Perfect Tense
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below using either the simple past or the present perfect tense (whichever you think is correct) of the verb given at the end.
1. We…………. to this city last evening. (come)
2. My friend ………… unwell last Sunday. (be)
3. I………… a better teacher yet. (not meet)
4. …………you………… your brother at the station? (receive)
5. …………you………… the film that is showing at Regal? (see)
6. I………… this college in 2010 and …………here ever since. (enter, be)
7. I………… from him since long. (not hear)
8. Last month I………… to visit Mr. Misra. (go)
9. Tulsidas………… in seventeenth century.
(live)
10. I…………to him last week but he …………not………… yet. (write, have, reply)
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks using either the past or the past perfect tense of the verbs in the brackets.
Set I
1. He………… his case and …………to borrow money. (lose, have)
2. The train………… when I………… the station.
(leave reach)
3. I………… the station after the train………… . (reach leave)
4. He………… out of the class but the teacher …………about it. (slip, not know)
5. The mechanic………… the car before
I ………… on him. (repair call)
6. He…………left for work before I………… up.
(leave, get)
7. They …………the dinner after the priest………… his. (take, take)
8. As soon as she………… the news, she …………bitterly. (hear, weep)
9. He………… although the doctors …………of his survival. (die, assure)
10. The letter …………me after someone ………… it. (reach, read)
11. Although he………… India once, he …………to come here again. (visit, decide)
12. The doctor………… after the patient……….. . (arrive, die)
13. I …………reading when a sudden noise ………… me. (start, disturb)
14. I …………hardly………… the station when the train……………. . (have, reach, whistle)
15. Mohan …………his homework before he ………… to bed. (do, go)
Set II
1. He………… very well before appearing in the examination. (prepare)
2. The speaker …………to speak after the guests had …………their seats. (start, take)
3. Sarla …………up her mind before Shyam …………to her with a proposal. (make, come)
4. The mother…………her food after all others………… . (take, eat)
5. Lata …………to see me yesterday. (come)
6. He………… only after his father………… . (many, consent)
7. Paul…………to see my father but the father………… already. (come, leave)
8. India…………freedom in 1947. (achieve)
9. He …………a lot of money after his father.
(inherit, die)
10. The car …………after the diver…………
brakes. (stop, apply)
EXERCISE 3
Insert the correct form of the auxiliary in the following sentences in order to complete the sense:
1. The dog has been quiet most of the day but it ………… barking now.
2. The child ………… crying for long.
3. He………… waiting for quite some time.
4. The doctor………… visiting his patients all the day.
5. The Sharmas………… coming to dinner this evening.
6. My son………… on the job for the last two years.
7. When I first met him, Mr Pal…………….
working in Sonepat.
8. The sick man……………. improving steadily all the week.
9. The baby………..sleeping ever since eight o'clock.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blank spaces with the correct tense of the verb given in brackets.
1. I………… nothing to do since I woke up in the morning. (have)
2. The city……….. much since last I …………..it.
(change, visit)
3. Now more than six decades………….. since that soft and shining January evening when the Mahatma …………..his death through the roses. (pass, walk)
4. His health…………………greatly since he ……… surgery. (improve, undergo)
5. We………….. not ……..since last Dewali. (meet)
6. Ever since he ……….that accident, he …………with a limp. (have, walk)
7. I……………. more highly of him as an actor since I……………. his last film. (think, see)
8. Since Monu …………..to that school he…………..rapid progress. (go, make)
9. He……………three jobs since he…….. work five years ago. (change, start)
10. Since her son …………..she …………very unhappy. (die, be)
Chapter 12: Expressing The Future
EXERCISE 1
Complete the following sentences to indicate future. You may use any of the forms mentioned above (whichever you think more likely.)
1. Get out of the building. It………… . (fall)
2. I………….. when I reach 60. (retire)
3. He has an idea. He…………. home across the park. (walk)
4. Next year, no doubt, more people…………. the competition. (enter)
5. I……….. him at the railway station. (receive)
6. Don't sit on that bench. I ……………….it. (paint)
7. I am afraid, I……………….. . (collapse)
8. The school …………… on 2nd January. (re-open)
9. I am sure you……………….. here. (be)
10. Rajdhani express for Mumbai ……………. at 10:30 am. (leave)
11. The price of milk ………………..again. (increase)
12. The P.M ………….. U.A.E on 16th and 17th of August. (visit)
13. We …………. U.S. next summer. (visit)
14. He …………… to take the test next month. (plan)
15. You……………. your gift before your birthday. (get)
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with correct tense form of the verbs given in the brackets. (Future continuous)
1. Dinesh………… for us at the appointed time. (wait)
2. When Sarla calls on me, I…………. my clothes. (iron)
3. The gardener ………….the plants next month. (water)
4. Sonu………… his lesson tomorrow at this time. (revise)
5. Mohini………… tea when you enter her room. (make)
6. The patient………. rest when the doctor arrives. (take)
7. We ………….our guest tomorrow morning.
(welcome)
8. At 11.30 on Sunday my brother ..............for U.S. (leave)
9. He…………….. a nap in the afternoon. (have)
10. The people ………….in the club this evening. (assemble)
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the Future Perfect form of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. I ………….. my bath by 8 am.
2. Before I enter the class, the teacher……… a lot already.
3. We……………..our lessons twice before March.
4. He……………….before you go to see him.
5. By the end of the year I……………… this book.
6. Next year my parents ……….married for twenty years.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms of the future perfect continuous tense.
1. Akshya……………. for her entrance examination for a year before deciding to go for it. (prepare)
2. This festival…………..on for several days by the first week of November. (go)
3. When you come to India, I………………. U.S. (visit)
4. You………………. this book for an hour by 10 am. (read)
5. By April end, we…………. our long vacation in Brindavan. (spend)
6. They………….for an hour before you reach the office. (work)
7. By next week he………… here for a year. (live)
8. The workers…………….for six days before the manager comes to meet them. (agitate)
9. When he reaches the age of 16, he ……….. in this school for six years. (read)
10. Someone………… to see you for an hour before you go to meet him. (wait)
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the future tense of the verbs given in brackets.
1. When we wake up in the morning, the sun will be shining. (shine)
2. My sister…………. at the concert at 6 o'clock this evening. (recite)
3. We…………….. there again. (not go)
4. I………… to cinema with my friends this evening. (go)
5. By the time you arrive, I………… the work. (finish)
6. ………………. I …………….the window, please? (shut)
7. Where…………….. we …………….. for picnic? (go)
8. The cricket match………….. in three hours from now. (finish)
9. My father……………… ninety one this January. (be)
10. Your hair………….. grey by the time you are sixty. (turn)
EXERCISE 6
Put a tick against the future tense clause that may be used to complete each sentence.
1. If you ask us,
(a) we shall do it.
(b) we do it.
(c) we would do it.
2. When it rains,
(a) they climbed the stairs.
(b) they will climb the stairs.
(c) they had climbed the stairs.
3. I shall have reached there,
(a) before the meeting started.
(b) before the meeting had started.
(c) before the meeting starts.
4. He will be travelling,
(a) since March.
(b) next month.
(c) when the sun shone.
5. They will serve him,
(a) yesterday.
(b) when he called on him.
(c) when he goes there.
6. Before I reach the station,
(a) the train will have left.
(b) the train is leaving.
(c) the train left.
7. When we reach Mumbai,
(a) it will be raining.
(b) it rained.
(c) it rains.
8. It seems as if,
(a) he were going home.
(b) he wants to go home.
(c) he will be on his way home.
9. Ram and Mohan,
(a) go to Delhi daily.
(b) will be going to Delhi daily.
(c) would have gone to Delhi daily.
10. The conference will start,
(a) when the chief guest arrived.
(b) when the chief guest arrives.
(c) when the chief guest will arrive.
EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with the future continuous tense of the verbs given in the brackets:
1. He…………… a meeting this evening. (attend)
2. Ram…………………. a match next Sunday. (play)
3. The chief guest…………….. soon. (arrive)
4. In Mumbai, I…………….. in a hotel. (live)
5. I …………….. to meet my parents, when the examinations are over. (go)
Chapter 13: Modals
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using the verbs given in brackets along with should, ought to, will or would whichever you think best. You can use other helping verbs or prepositions if request
1. The soup is too salty! You........ it back. (send)
2. This medicine……………. kept in a cool place. (be)
3. I…………….. at home today, if I were you. (be)
4. She……………… for me, even though I often asked her to. (not sing)
5. When in town, he ……………..to see me everyday after work. (come)
6. She……………… what was wrong when I asked her. (not say)
7. Children……………… to cook at an early age. (learn)
8. We……………… a taxi when it rained. (take)
9. You ............. to visit Kashmir, it's a beautiful place. (try)
10. Your information ………….details of time-table. (include)
EXERCISE 2
If possible, complete the sentences with either will or would followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb in brackets. If not, use the simple past form of the bracketed verb to complete the sentence.
1. Every morning soon after bath she…………… getting things ready for breakfast.
(start)
2. After reading about her in a magazine. I …………… to meet Malaya myself. (want)
3. Every day about midnight, he…………… talking in his sleep which is very annoying. (start)
4. He…………… work in 2015 as a teacher in Delhi. (begin)
5. When I was younger, I…………… hours playing football in the garden. (spend)
6. Even though it's freezing cold, some people …………… just jeans and a T-shirt,
(wear)
7. There is a boy in my class who …………… most ridiculous questions. (ask)
8. Everywhere he went, people…………… his name and asked for his autograph. (call out)
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with may/might/can/could.
1. The lion………… be recognised by its roar.
2. It's a festive occasion The school………… be closed.
3. The weather is very bad. The train …………be late.
4. I think I saw her in the market. She …………not be at home.
5. I think you………… enjoy yourself if you join the club
6. ………… it be that you don't want to help them?
7. He thought he was right but he …………have been wrong.
8. The plan …………have gone wrong but fortunately it was a great success.
9. They………… have chosen anyone for the job but they picked me.
10. Look, I …………swim.
11. You………… count on me to help with the party.
12. His injuries are severe. I wonder if he …………work again.
13. Though there was snowfall, we …………drive home in less than an hour.
14. I was hopeless at sports. I………… not throw a ball properly.
EXERCISE 4
Complete the blanks in the following using must, mustn't or needn't.
1. He is not in the office. He………… have gone home.
2. The patient is serious. He………… be taken to hospital.
3. I've to take the test. I …………be disturbed.
4. …………...you pay all your debit at once?
5. …………she be told everything in detail?
6. I think Anbari………… be very rich.
7. I have enough money. I …………ask my father for more money this month.
8. Since we have everything we require, we …………go to the market today.
9. The weather is fine. You………… take the umbrella.
10. You………… alcohol when you drive.
11. Nehru………… have taken Kashmir problem to UN.
12. You………… keep the medicines where children can get them.
13. You………… have any qualification to be a politician.
14. Newsрареrs …………mislead the public.
15. Now that it has been eradicated, doctors …………vaccinate against smallpox.
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks by selecting a suitable word for each blank from the given words.
1. We………… love our country. (ought to, dare, used to)
2. ………… I come in, sir? (Could, Might, May)
3. I ………… oppose my father. (needn't daren't, mustn't)
4. As a child, I …………go to school every day. (could would, should)
5. It's rather late. I …………leave at once. (should, must, would)
6. We …………obey our teachers. (should, would, might)
7. Last year she …………wear the same dress in every party. (ought to, dare, would)
8. He………… speak rudely to me. (wouldn't, daren't, needn't)
9. It became so dark that we …………see the path. (might, couldn't would)
10. If you asked him again, he ………… refuse. (would, might, needn't)
11. …………his soul rest in peace! (May, Might, Can)
12. You …………do it, if you tried hard. (can, could, may)
13. …………I have a word with you? (Should, Would, Could)
14. He said that he………… climb up the hill. (should, couldn't, shall)
15. …………I say that I love you. (Needn't. Need, Would)
EXERCISE 6
Read the following letter and fill in the blanks with appropriate modals. Sometimes more than one modal may be possible.
Dear Sonu,
(1) …………I take this opportunity to congratulate you on your admission to your school hostel.
I (2) …………also like to make a few suggestions.
You (3) …………avoid the company of bad boys. You (4) ………… quarrel with them, simply ignore them.
In any case you (5) ………… waste a single minute. You………… (6) devote yourself to your studies with all the power at your command.
However, you (7) ………… ignore games. You (8) ………… reserve an hour of your evening for them.
You (9) …………play any of your favourite games during this hour.
You (10) ………… obey the rules of the hostel. As for the expenses, you (11) …………worry at all. I (12) …………take care of them.
Your loving brother,
RK
Exercise 14: Non-Finites
EXERCISE 1
Underline verbs in the following passage.
Write ‘F’ for the finite verbs and ‘N’ for the non-finite verbs.
Liu Cixin, a Chinese science fiction writer has been honoured with the 2015 Hugo Award becoming the first Asian to win it.
He did so when he went to Washington to receive the award in a glittering ceremony on August 23, 2015. The World Science Fiction Convention celebrated its 73rd anniversary giving the award for Cixin's bestseller ‘The Three-Body Problem’. The book is a story depicting an alien civilization's invasion of Earth during China's Culture Revolution. It centres on a secret military project to enable humans to establish contact with a civilization teetering on the edge of extinction. The series portrays the centuries of clashes between earthlings and the civilization living in a three sun system.
EXERCISE 2
Rewrite the following sentences starting with a dummy subject (it).
1. To walk on the green grass is wrong.
2. To tell a lie is immoral.
3. To educate the young is very important.
4. To be such a miser would be a pity.
5. To be the ruler is a common desire.
6. To stand first requires hard work.
7. To walk alone in the jungle is not safe.
8. To be so rich needs luck and pluck.
9. To be loved is a human desire.
10. To love dogs and hate humans is a pity.
EXERCISE 3
Combine the following pairs of sentences using infinitives.
1. This room is small. Three persons cannot live in it.
2. It is dark. I cannot see anything.
3. She is careless. She cannot be relied upon.
4. I am strong. I can walk long distances.
5. He is intelligent. He can see through your tricks.
6. He is not careful. He cannot be relied upon.
EXERCISE 4
Combine each set of sentences into one simple sentence as in the examples.
Examples.
(1) He went to the field. He wanted to play.
Ans. He went to the field to play.
(ii) The box is too heavy .I cannot lift it.
Ans. The box is too heavy for me to lift.
() There is a class. I have to attend it.
Ans. I have to attend a class.
1. He went to Agra. He wanted to see the Taj Mahal.
2. There is a public meeting .The Prime Minister will address it.
3. He has applied for a job. He wants to earn money.
4. His uncle will hear of his marriage. He will be delighted.
5. He has a large family. He has to look after it.
6. The patient is still very weak. He cannot walk.
7. The stick is quite strong. I cannot break it.
8. I have money. I can buy my choicest books. (Hint: Use enough)
9. He speaks in India's favour .He is not afraid of it.
10. The work is very hard. I cannot do it alone.
11. There is plenty of food. We can eat it.
12. We have some good news. We want to tell you about it.
13. There is work. I don't know how to do it.
14. I am glad. I can see you.
15. The officer is very honest. He cannot accept bribe.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words given in brackets.
1. Tell him he may…………. if he likes. (leave)
2. How dare you…………. to me in that tone? (speak)
3. They did not seem …………. us. (notice)
4. Hadn't we better now………….? (begin)
5. If you don't mind, I'd rather …………on singing. (go)
6. Will you …………me another cup? (give)
7. You needn't …………yourself again. (trouble)
8. He did everything but …………the officer. (bribe)
9. You did more than …………me money. (lend)
10. I'd sooner………… than do wrong. (resign)
11. The magician made us…………(laugh)
12. Please let me …………you. (help)
13. He saw me………… the house. (enter)
14. I bade him not…………so. (do)
15. He came to Delhi………… him. (meet)
EXERCISE 6
Rewrite these sentences replacing the infinitive by a gerund in each sentence.
1. The children like to play with toys.
2. These days the boys also love to dance.
3. As soon as he saw the policeman, he began to run.
4. Most children dislike to go to school.
5. I prefer to take my dinner early.
6. He continued to walk for a long time.
7. I forgot to close the door.
8. I remember to wash my hands before taking meals.
9. The speaker went on to speak about his life.
10. I do not intend to borrow money.
EXERCISE 7
Rewrite the sentences using the words given in brackets. Do not change the meaning of the sentences
Example
I wish I hadn't sold my bicycle. (regret)
I regret selling my cycle.
Onkar could not pay his bills in time. (fail)
Onkar failed to pay his bills in time.
(a) People present there laughed at his behaviour. (help)
(b) I hate to get up early in the morning. (think)
(c) By chance I saw the notice yesterday. (happened)
(d) I usually get up early on weekdays. (tend)
(e) Would you like to go for a walk? (fancy)
(f) I continuously looked at the divine beauty of the snow-clad mountains. (keep)
EXERCISE 8
Mrs. Rao and Vijaya are at the bus stop. Vijaya is going on a study tour. You can use the infinitive with or without -to and complete the conversation.
Mrs. Rao: Are you sure you will be able (1) ……. (manage)?
Vijaya: Of course, mama. I am not a child. I can manage (2) ……. (look)
after myself and my friends.
Mrs. Rao: Did you remember (3) ……. (pack) all your medicines?
Vijaya: Of course yes! I didn't even forget (4) …….(pack) my World Atlas.
Mrs. Rao: And your story books?
Vijaya: I can't read while travelling. It makes me (5) …….(feel) sick.
Mrs. Rao: We have lots of friends in Pantnagar. Give them a ring as soon as you reach there.
Vijaya: It will be exciting (6) …….(see) our old friends again.
Mrs. Rao: I know you are going (7) …….
(have) lots of fun. Let me (8) …….(put) a pocket calender for you in case you forget the date of your return journey.
Vijaya: No kidding mama. I'll miss you. Well, you better (9) ……. (go) now. We are about (10) ……. (leave).
Mrs. Rao: Don't forget (11) ……. (keep) us informed. Have a nice journey.
EXERCISE 9
Use the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the bracket.
(a) I like………… my room clean. (keep)
(b) Bela suggested …………to the doctor now. (go)
(c) …………recklessly on the highway is dangerous. (drive)
(d) I hate………social issues with irrational people. (discuss)
(e) I prefer storybooks to …………my textbooks. (study)
(f) ………….the stolen car wasn't easy for the police. (find)
(g) Are you interested in………. a computer? (buy)
(h) The teacher warned her against………..late. (be)
EXERCISE 10
Read the following sentences carefully.
I saw a running train.
He saved a drowning man.
I've read an interesting novel.
She is a fascinating person.
Now add present participles to the following nouns as shown in the above examples. Put an article where required.
(a) ………………….personality
(b) ………………….story
(c) ………………….match
(d) ………………….son
(e) ………………….car
(f) ………………….star
EXERCISE 11
Join the following sentences using a present-participle as in the example.
Examples:
We walked along the footpath.
We saw an accident.
While walking along the footpath, we saw an accident.
Note: Out of the two actions, which takes place first, is changed into a present participle.
(a) He stood by the side of a temple. He asked people to go in.
(b) She came out of the room. She greeted the visitors.
(c) He heard the news. He started crying.
(d) He found the lock broken. He rang up the police.
(e) He felt sleepy. He went to bed.
EXERCISE 12
Look at the sentences given below.
He gave me two buttered toasts.
The defeated team could not enjoy the dinner.
This house has glazed doors.
Now add past participles to the nouns as in the above examples.
(a) a……………..pencil
(b) a……………..sweater
(c) a……………..tile
(d) a……………..monument
(e) a ……………..child
(f) ……………..a leg
EXERCISE 13
Join the following sentences using a past-participle as in the example.
Example:
He went to the airport.
He was escorted by his bodyguard.
He went to the airport, escorted by his bodyguard.
Note: The actions happened simultaneously in the above two sentences.
(a) He was convinced that he was right. He refused to agree with them.
(b) He was awarded a prize for his science model. He was very happy.
(c) He went on a tour to Singapore. He was accompanied by his wife.
(d) He was convicted by the High Court. He decided to appeal to the Supreme Court.
(e) He was excited about the football match. He could not sleep throughout the night.
Chapter 15: Active And Passive Voice
EXERCISE 1
Use the words given below and frame sentences using the passive forms of the verbs.
Examples:
1. Rice/cultivate/Gangetic valley and coastal region. (Simple Present)
Ans. Rice is cultivated in Gangetic valley and coastal region
2. The documents/sign/Principal. (Present Perfect)
Ans. The documents have been signed by the Principal.
(a) Taj Mahal/build/Shahjahan. (Simple Past)
(b) Malaria virus/transmit/female Anopheles mosquito. (Simple Present)
(c) The case/solve/police and two persons arrest. (Present Perfect)
(d) Many houses/and lives/destroy/the volcanic eruption in Mt. Etna. (Simple Past)
(e) The ultra-violet rays/prevent/the ozone layer/entering the earth's surface. (Simple Present)
(f) The field/convert/playground. (Present Perfect)
EXERCISE 2
Rewrite the following sentences using passive constructions.
Examples:
Someone gave a beautiful bouquet to the President.
Ans. A beautiful bouquet was given to the President.
The cricket World Cup will be held in India. Everyone expects this.
Ans. It is expected that the cricket World Cup will be held in India.
(a) The government has increased the bus fares.
(b) Every child should be educated. People say this.
(c) Anjana has drawn a beautiful portrait.
(d) India has achieved a greater respect in IT industries over the world. Everyone of us feels this.
(e) Graham Bell invented the telephone.
EXERCISE 3
Name the verbs in the following sentences and tell whether they are in the Active or in the Passive voice.
1. The hunter killed the tiger.
2. The officer compelled him to resign.
3. He was bitten by a snake.
4. The money was stolen.
5. Father gave me money.
6. The speech was delivered.
7. Hardik Patel has made a stir in Gujarat.
8. The thief was beaten to death.
9. The poor girl was beaten by her cruel masters.
10. The sudden price-rise has troubled the people.
11. The PM. is admired by all.
12. The gate was opened by the peon.
12. He saw something fishy.
14. He was taken care of.
15. Much of the property was destroyed in the fire.
EXERCISE 4
Change the following into passive voice. Give two sentences for each of the given active voice sentences.
1. The minister refused me audience.
2. Harrick teaches me music.
3. The manager will give you a ticket.
4. Who gave Indrani the power?
5. She handed me the notes.
6. He gave me a shock.
7. I bought the baby a toy.
8. He promised me a present.
9. They asked me my name.
10. I'll buy you a pen.
EXERCISE 5
Change the following sentences into passive voice:
1. They found him guilty of murder.
2. A thunderstorm can turn the milk sour.
3. He saw the storm approaching.
4. They kept me waiting.
5. Who painted the house red?
6. One may accomplish many things by a little effort.
7. We elected Tinku captain.
8. The teacher appointed him monitor.
9. He was refused admittance.
10. Why should you suspect me?
EXERCISE 6 (Modals)
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
Examples:
(i) Someone must do something before it's too late. (Active)
Ans. Something must be done before it's too late. (Passive)
(ii) One can't explain everything. (Active)
Ans. Everything can't be explained. (Passive)
(iii) Someone should have cleaned the room. (Active)
Ans. The room should have been cleaned. (Passive)
(iv) He may allow you to go. (Active)
Ans. You may be allowed to go. (Passive)
(v) He might have known you. (Active)
Ans. You might have been known to him. (Passive)
1 They might have sent the letter to the wrong address.
2. No one should take me for granted.
3. They should have repaired the road before the rainy season.
4. They cannot make me work against my wish.
5. One can't explain a mystery.
6. They may allow him to stay a little longer.
7. How could he deny me help?
8. He could not deny me help?
9. How will you finish the work?
10. I should have spent less money on the ornaments.
EXERCISE 7
Make sentences giving the year of birth of the following which is given in brackets with their names.
Example
Mahatma Gandhi (1865)
Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.
1. Walt Disney (1901)
2. Beethoven (1770)
3. Galileo (1564)
4. Martin Luther King (1929)
5. Leonardo da Vinci (1452)
6. William Shakespeare (1564)
EXERCISE 8 (Imperative Sentences)
Convert the following sentences into passive voice.
Examples:
(i) Open the door. (Active)
Ans. Let the door be opened. (Passive)
0r,
You are asked to open the door. (Passive)
(ii) Prepare yourself for the worst. (Active)
Ans. Be prepared for the worst. (Passive)
(iii) Let us forget the past. (Active)
Ans. Let the past be forgotten. (Passive)
(iv) Do not offer eatables to the animals. (Active)
Ans. Let no eatables be offered to the animals. (Passive)
Or
You are advised not to offer eatables to the animals. (Passive)
1. Advertise the post.
2. Covet not wealth nor honour.
3. Lead us from darkness to light.
4. Love your enemies and bless them that curse you.
5. Keep your promise.
6. Strike when the iron is hot.
7. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
8. Do not disturb the class.
9. Attack the enemy.
10. Let me write the letter.
EXERCISE 9
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
Examples
(i) They say there is atmosphere on Mars. (Active)
Ans. It is said that there is atmosphere on Mars. (Passive)
(ii) We hope there will be peace now. (Active)
Ans. It is hoped that there will be peace now. (Passive)
(iii) No one can deny that he tried his best. (Active)
Ans. It cannot be denied that he tried his best. (Passive)
(iv) They say Bajrangi Bhai is a good film . (Active)
Ans. Bajrangi Bhal is said to be a good film. (Passive)
Or
Ans. Bajrangi Bhai is supposed to be a good film. (Passive)
Or
Ans. It is said that Bajrangi Bhai is a good film. (Passive)
1. They say the P.M. works 18 hours a day.
2. When people saw the missing boy last, he was wearing a blue dress.
3. They say that the criminal had kicked a policeman.
4. You cannot deny him anything.
5. People believe that there is a secret tunnel between the two houses.
EXERCISE 10 (Prepositions other than ‘by’)
Change the following sentences into passive voice:
Examples:
(i) I know the minister. (Active)
Ans. The minister is known to me. (Passive)
(ii) This book contains one hundred pages. (Active)
Ans. One hundred pages are contained in this book. (Passive)
(iii) His progress satisfied the teacher. (Active)
Ans. The teacher was satisfied with his progress. (Passive)
(iv) The news surprised me. (Active)
Ans. I was surprised at the news. (Passive)
1. The cry alarmed us.
2. His sudden death astonished everybody.
3. Do you not know him?
4. His welcome pleased everybody.
5. Manish married Sanjaya.
6. His defeat has surprised me.
7. His servant has offended him.
8. His rude behaviour vexed every one.
9. Snow has covered the field.
10. What does the box contain?
EXERCISE 11
Fill in the blanks in the passages given below.
Examples:
(i) I ………..when I was young. (teach)
Ans. I was taught when I was young.
(ii) The gates…………when the water rose high. (open)
Ans. The gates were opened when the water rose high.
(iii) She……… the roll no. when she had paid the fee. (give)
Ans. She was given the roll no when she had paid the fee.
(iv) The result……….rather late. (declare)
Ans. The result was declared rather late.
1. You (1)…………(advise) not to go after someone for a favour. It must (2) ………… (shun). You (3) …………expected to take reverses in your stride. After a hectic time you may (4) …………(plunge) in an even more hectic routine. Don't overspend even if you (5) …………tempted to splurge. Pros and cons must (6) …………(consider) before putting your money into something expensive. You may (7) ………… (persuade) to buy a household item you are not been on but I am afraid little can (8) …………(do) about it.
2. A 60 year old man (1) …………(find) dead in his house. He (2)…………. (strangle) to death. The murder………….
(3) (discover) by a relative.Then the police (4)………… (inform). The entire house (5)………. (ransack) and a large amount of cash and jewellery (6)…………….. (steal). The involvement of the domestic servant (7)
……………. (suspect) by the police. The servant (8)……….. (employ) by the family only recently. It (9)………..(say) that the man (10) …………….(strangulate) by an electric wire.
EXERCISE 12
Rewrite the following notices in passive voice as given in the examples:
Examples:
(i) We do not allow smoking here.
Ans. Smoking is not allowed here.
(ii) Do not try to trespass. It is illegal?
Ans. Trespassers will be prosecuted.
1. No photography please.
2. We do not allow dogs in the hotel.
3. The children below twelve will not get admission.
4. We buy and sell second-hand books.
3. We use only desi ghee in this restaurant.
6. We undertake all types of typing jobs.
7. We do not allow heavy vehicles on this road.
EXERCISE 13
Change the following sentences into Active Voice as given in the examples:
Examples:
(i) The plants are being watered. (Passive)
The gardener is watering the plants. (Active)
(ii) Our note-books are corrected. (Passive)
The teacher corrects our note-books. (Active)
(iii) Dinner had already been cooked by the mother. (Passive)
The mother had already cooked dinner. (Active)
(iv) The match will have been played by 5 O'clock. (Passive)
They will have played the match by 5 O'clock. (Active)
(v) Let the book be opened. (Passive)
Open the book. (Active)
1. I am being helped.
2. We are given pocket money every week.
3. An impressive speech had been made.
4. Parents are generally respected by their children in India.
5. The counting of votes will have been finished by the evening of 23rd.
6. Let nobody be hated.
7. You are requested to lend me your book.
8. How were you deceived?
9. Who is wanted by you?
10. He was listened to attentively.
11. The matter is being enquired into by a police officer.
12. She can be depended upon.
13. She was told to be quick.
14. This e-mail must be sent immediately.
15. Sheena had been brutally murdered in 2012.
Test paper 1
Based on Chapters 1-15
I. Add question-tags to the following sentences:
1. The weather is fine.
2. You know me well.
3. I have hardly any rest.
4. Nobody is perfect.
5.1 am a student.
6. He didn't speak very well.
7. He was always admired.
8. Please, do come in time.
9. He is always late.
10. Let us not do the wrong.
II. Fill in the blanks with the right form of words given in brackets.
1. Soldiers were awarded for their……… . (brave)
2. What is the ………of this room? (long)
3. The servant was charged for the……… (break)
4. ……… are the stepping stones to success.
(fail)
5. Most ……….is feigning. (friend)
6. …………. breeds contempt. (familiar)
7. A little……….is a dangerous thing.
(know)
8. Who wants to live in …………..? (bond)
9. His ………was heard with attention. (speak)
10. What is the time of the train's……… ?
(depart)
III. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word from the brackets.
1. He had……… doubts about you.
(some, any, few)
2. We haven't got……… butter left.
(some, any, little)
3. The talks went on ………at length.
(some, little, few, any)
4. She gave me ………money she had.
(little, few, the little, the few)
5. I hope he will stay longer.
(few, a few, little, a little)
6. He was confused and had……… idea of what he was doing. (little, a little, a few, a few)
7. I am ………. than my sister. (older, eider)
8. I'll see you in the ………..part of the week. (later, latter)
9. What is the ……….news? (last, latest)
10. Who entered the building………? (last, latest)
IV. Fill in the blanks in the passage below with articles.
My brother lives in a large house built of stone. He works in (1)……….local office of (2)………..ICICI Bank which is situated in (3)………….East Street. He goes there by bus and stays there all day. When he comes home in (4)…………. evening he has (5) ……….cup of coffee which refreshes him. After having (6) ………. meal, he sits down to read (7)………. newspaper. When he has finished (8)…………. Newspaper, he sits watching TV.
.
V. Combine the following pairs of sentences using a relative pronoun.
1. I know the student. He has stood first.
2. Mohan was late. He was punished.
3. I say something. I mean it.
4. You want something. Tell me.
5. India has produced Sania Mirza. She is the best ever lady tennis player of the country.
6. Everyone wants to live. No one is an exception.
7. He is a man. I like him.
8. I have only one friend. It is you.
9. Many things glitter. All of them are not gold.
10. Gandhiji did many things. None of them was selfish.
VI. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of one of the words given in the brackets.
1. He………….the limit. (accede, exceed)
2. He will not ……….his body in public. (bare, bear)
3. He was………… in 1989. (affect, effect)
4. Many Indians are…………by drinking. (bear, wear)
5. She always ………….innocence whenever she is asked about her brother. (feign, fain)
VII. Complete the following sentences using 'be, do, or have in their proper forms.
1. …………you still a student?
2. So far, I…………never…………late for the class.
3. Will he…………in the office in time?
4. When do you …………your lunch?
5. They…………their best to help me.
VIII. Correct the following sentences.
1. Look there the train is going.
2. I am thinking I should go.
3. I have felt sick yesterday.
4. I always found him good since I first met him.
5. I never was in Mumbai yet.
IX. Fill in the blanks in the following using modals.
1. We …………not ask for a rise for fear of losing the job.
2. Play well so that you …………win the match.
3. You…………hurry. There is enough time
4. …………you lend me a hundred pees?
5. We…………hurry. We are late.
6. You…………be mad to do thin.
7. You………… go anywhere you like.
8. …………you disturb me while I am working?
9. …………I shut the door?
10. As for the expenses, you…………worry.
X. Below you can see some instructions for making tea. Complete the paragraph below the instructions based on them.
1. Boil water in a kettle.
2. Rinse the tea pot with boiling water.
3. Put two spoonfuls of tea leaves in the tea pot.
4. Now pour about two cups of boiling water into the pot and close it with the lid.
5. Let tea brew for a couple of minutes.
6. Boil milk and put it into the milk pot.
7. Put a spoonful of sugar in each of the two cups.
8. Pour tea into the cups.
9. Add some milk to give tea a proper colour.
10. Stir the material of the cups with a spoon.
11. Tea is ready for being served.
Water (1)……….in a kettle and the teapot (2) ……….with the boiling water. Two spoonfuls of tea (3)………. in the teapot. The boiling water (4)………. into the kettle and (5)……….. with the lid. Mik is also (6)……….and (7)……………into the milk pot. Now tea (8) ……….. into the cups in which some sugar has already been put. Some milk (9) ……….to the tea and (10) ……….. with a tea spoon. Tea is now ready (11) ………….. .
Chapter 16: Adverbs
EXERCISE 1
Identify the adverbs and say what kind of adverbs they are:
She was looking very pale. "It is so kind of you," she said.
"How is your mother Maggie?" He asked.
"She is sleeping now. Her condition is very serious. There is no news from Frank yet. Please come into the room. I'll tell you something there." They tiptoed carefully into the sitting room. He stood in the centre of the room.
"What is it Maggie?" He said.
Maggie gazed up, then covered her face and wept bitterly.
EXERCISE 2
Form adverbs from the following adjectives and use them in sentences of your own:
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with appropriate adverbs:
1. He came a few minutes……… . (ago, past)
2. Renu came very……… . (late, lately)
3. I haven't seen him……… . (late, lately)
4. He was……… praised. (high, highly)
5. That he worked……… is ……… surprising. (hardly, hard)
6. My house is ……… . (near, nearly)
7. The case has been……… decided. ((near, nearly)
8. The story does not sound………. . (true, truly)
9. ………….begun is hall-done. (good, well)
10. He speaks……………. . (much, many)
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with the proper degree of each adverb in each sentence.
1. He works as……….as he can. (hard)
2. The show began ……….than the scheduled time.(early)
3. He was the ……….among the three. (fast)
4. It's………. to go by train than by car. (cheap)
5. Going by air is………. than going by road. (expensive)
6. Can you walk a bit…………..?(quickly)
7. I know him…………than anybody else. (well)
8. He did……….than expected. (badly)
9. It is a distance………. than I thought of. (far)
10. Last night I went to bed……….than usual. (late)
11. It's very noisy here. Can we go somewhere……….?
(quiet)
12. The coffee is very weak. I like it a bit………. . (strong)
13. The room was………. than expected.
(narrow)
14. I have yet to meet a……….teacher. (well)
EXERCISE 5
Insert the adverbs given in the brackets in their proper positions:
1. Although the boys played our team lost the match. (well)
2. Ishan bowled in Sri Lanka than any other bowler. (faster)
3. She looked for missing parcel without success. (everywhere)
4. The tortoise ran but won the match. (slowly)
5. He is friendly with everyone. (quite)
6. I have seen him near the cinema. (often)
7. He goes to the temple. (daily)
8. I have been to US. (never)
9. I shall be thankful to you for your kindness. (eternally)
10. He visits our place. (rarely)
11. These goods are cheaper and better. (certainly)
12. It is hot today. (quite)
13. He make a very interesting speech. (not)
14. He enjoys an office of mean dignity. (no)
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with 'quite' or 'rather'.
1. I………..agree with you.
2. The weather has been good. It was ………..a nice day.
3. She often sings. She's got ………..a good voice.
4. We had to walk ………..a long way because the bus-stop wasn't near.
5. I'm tired. I've had ………..a busy day.
6. The car goes ………..well but it's ………..noisy.
7. The trip was ………..long but……….. interesting.
8. Rajkumar is……….. slow but he's……….. a hard worker.
9. I was ………..disappointed with the meeting but Neeru was pleased.
10. It's……….. a well-paid job but needs hard work.
EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with very, much, too, enough or quite.
1. I am……….. thankful to you for your kindness.
2. What the chief has said is ………..true.
3. I am ………..well. How are you?
4. She loves me……….. a lot.
5. I am ………..disgusted at his failure.
6. It's ………..good to be true.
7. ………..much of everything is bad.
8. I've ………..money to feed myself.
9. I have ………..money for my present use, you needn't bother.
10. The coffee is ………..hot for me to drink.
11. We were ………..scared to make a reply.
12. I was conscious……….. to see that someone was coming.
13. It was not cold……….. to wear the coat.
14. It's ………..possible that you didn't see me.
15. They spoke ………..quickly for us to understand.
Chapter 17: Prepositions
EXERCISE 1
Underline the prepositions in the following passage
They formed the Hindustan Republican Association. Shachindra Nath Sanyal was the founder of this organisation. Their objective was to win freedom for the country through armed revolution. The association published a manifesto called Krantikari in 1825 advocating the elimination of inequality and slavery. On 19th December 1927, Ashfaqulla Khan was hanged to death at district jail Faizabad for the Kakori train robbery case. The whole country protested against the death sentences. Petitions were made to the Viceroy to change the death sentence into a life sentence. Even the Privy Council was approached. The British imperialism was however, thirsting for the blood of the Indian revolutionaries. When Ashfaq was brought to gallows he said, "My hands are not soiled with the murder of man, God will give me justice." He then prayed to the almighty and went down the plank on which he stood after the hangman's noose came around his neck.
Ashfaq's devotion to the cause of freedom made him the foremost among those who gave their lives to win the freedom of the country. Love for the motherland, clear thinking, courage, firmness and loyalty were embodied in Ashfaq. He deserves to be remembered and cherished by all Indians for his noble qualities.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:
1. Gandhiji was born ……….1869 and died ……….1948.
2. Bhagat Singh was hanged ……….the reign of the British.
3. My birthday falls………. December 25.
4. The aeroplane leaves………. 2.30 and arrives in Mumbai ……….6.15.
5. I call and see the minister………. Sunday ……….three o'clock.
6. You must come back ……….6 o'clock.
7. He came to see me ……….my absence.
8. I can only stay ……….a few minutes.
9. Mughal Gardens will be open for public ,……….Wednesday next,……….10 a.m.
10. Please let me have your answer ,……….the end of the month at the latest.
11. I'll not leave the place,………. my brother arrives.
12. Let us wait .........it stops raining.
13. He has gone and will be away ,……….Monday.
14. Don't pay the bill today. Wait ,……….tomorrow.
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions of place:
1. There is no one,………. the room.
2. What have you got,………. your head?
3. Who is that man standing ,……….the bus stop?
4. Write your name,………. the top of the page.
5. There is a spider crawling,………. the wall.
6. Have you seen the notice ,……….the notice board.
7. I prefer to sit ,……….the first row.
8. Look at yourself a mirror
9. In India we drive ,……….the left.
10. It was a long journey. We were ,……….sea for 30 days.
11. I love swimming ,……….the sea.
12. There is a sweet shop just ,……….the temple
13. An old building is located,………. the left and a library ,……….the right.
14. These two boys sit in the class ,……….each other.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1. He ran ,……….the field five times.
2. He swam,………. the pond and came to the other side
3. The train went ,……….the tunnel.
4. The child ran ,……….his mother.
5. He ran ,……….the street to catch the thief.
6. People love to go ,……….the mountains.
7. The boy fell,………. the chair.
The boy jumped,………. the river.
9. He got,………. the car in a hurry.
10. The man ran,……….the slope.
11. He threw the ball,………. the batsman.
12. We go to school ,……….bus.
13. We started ,……….home to school at 7 o'clock.
14. He banged his head ,……….the wall.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks in the passage with appropriate prepositions:
Swami stood (1) ,……….the entrance (2) ,……….his class Mr. Samuel was teaching arithmetic. He looked (3) ,……….Swami (4) ,……….a moment. Swami thought that Mr. Samuel would fall (5) ,………. Him.
"Are you just coming (6) ,……….the class?"
"Yes, sir"
"Why are you late?"
Swami wanted (7) ,……….
reply "Just (8) ,……….see what you can do.” But he merely said: "I have a headache, sir.”
"Then why did you come (9) ,……….school at all?"
"My father forced me (10) ,………..”
"All right, go (11) ,……….your seat.
Chapter 18: Conjunctions
EXERCISE 1
Join the following sentences using coordinating conjunctions in the box given below.
(not only….. but also, whether ……or, both…….and, for, either….. or, , or, neither…. nor, only, still, but, and)
1. We were going to school. We had our books with us.
2. He is slow. He is sure.
3. I was annoyed. I kept quiet.
4. I want to come. I have no time.
5. I am all right. I am just tired.
6. She must weep. She will die.
7. He is mad. He feigns madness.
8. Do not be a borrower. Do not be a lender.
9. Walk quickly. You may not overcome him.
10. You may take it. You may leave it.
11. It is not useful. It is not ornamental.
12. We love him. We honour him.
13. You may go or stay. I am not concerned.
14. He is foolish. He is obstinate.
15. She will rise in life. She is sincere and hardworking.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks using the correct conjunctions given in the blanks
1 I did not think…………… I would stand first. (as, when, that, where)
2. He is thinking about the class-test……… he is taking breakfast. (while, as soon as, before, provided)
3. I could not come……… I was busy. (because, while, when, after)
4. He is not cleverer……….. his sister. (as, that, than, before)
5. ……….. a person works hard, he will not succeed. (until, unless, since, as)
6. He has changed a lot………….. I last met him. (when, since, while, before)
7. ………you have doubts, you should get them cleared. (in case, than, until, before)
8. He might be young……….he is competent. (before, since, though, but)
9. He walks………….he were slightly lame. (as if, but, since, while)
10. Strike the iron………. It is hot. (since, while, than, until)
EXERCISE 3
Join the following sentences using correlative conjunctions given after each pair.
1. You should return my pen. If not you should pay its price. (either…or)
2. I entered the house. A guest came in. (no sooner….than)
3. A politician has no permanent friends, he has no permanent enemies. (neither…..nor)
4. Bihar has rich resources. Bihar is poor. (Although………..yet)
5. Asit is my friend. Pal is also my friend. (as well as)
6. He ran very fast. I fell behind. (so…that)
7. I like mathematics. I like physics equally. (no less than)
8. I have invited all my relatives. I have invited all my friends also. (not only…… but also)
9. He ran very fast. He stood first. (so…that)
10. You want a teacher. He is not the type you want. (such……….as)
EXERCISE 4
Join these pairs of sentences with one of the conjunctions given in the box. A conjunction once used will not be used again.
(that, so that, than, although, since, because
though, if, unless, but, or else, however, and,
till, as)
1. Be just. Fear not.
2. I ran fast. I missed the train.
3. He ran. He was afraid.
4. Hurry You will be late.
5. …….hard you may work, you will not succeed.
6. I am sure. He said so
7. Wait. I return.
8. He finished. He began late.
9. Take a lamp. The night is dark.
10. You eat too much. You will be ill.
11 Rustum is slow. Rustum is sure.
12. I shall not go. I am not invited.
13. He worked hard. He might pass.
14. He was industrious. I encouraged him.
15. He is rich. I am not so rich.
Chapter 19: Reported Speech
EXERCISE 1
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. She said, "Face is the index of mind."
2. Mohan said, "I can sing well."
3. I said to my mother, "We won the match this evening."
4. He said, "It may rain tonight."
5. I believe, "There is nothing good or bad, our thinking makes it so.”
6. The shop-keeper said, "Death and the customer keep no calender."
7. The teacher said, "The Taj was built by Shahjahan."
8. I said, "My brother can be back soon."
9. The professor said, "The third battle of Panipat gave the history a decisive turn." 10.You said, "I never leave home without the permission of my parents."
11. He said, "The son was playing cards while the daughter was sleeping."
12. She said, "If I were awake, I would catch the thief."
13. The bride said, "Would that my father were alive!"
14. Suresh said, "Sarla must learn patience."
EXERCISE 2
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. The doctor said to the patient, "You should take the medicine regularly."
2. Modi said, "I could not attend my Guru's last rites as I was in U.S. at the time."
3. I said to him, "I’ll write to you as soon as I reach Mumbai."
5. I said to my father, "I can never leave you alone."
4. She said to me, I am not like you."
6. Saroj said to me, I cannot help you in the matter."
7. You said to me, "You will be glad to know that I have been promoted."
8. He said to me, "I am not sure of your success."
9. You said to him, "I want to consult your parents."
10. Ashok said to me, "Your parents are waiting for you."
EXERCISE 3
Change the following into Indirect Speech
1. He said, "I am going to Kolkata tonight."
2. She said, "I am not feeling well today."
3. You said, "I'll not appear in the examination this year."
4. I said to him, "I have received your letter this morning."
5. "We shall play again tomorrow," said Mohan.
6. Sarla said, "I missed you yesterday."
7. He said, "I am not likely to go anywhere tomorrow."
8. The patriot said, "Thus I came and thus I go."
9. He said to me, "I met a saint two years ago."
10. My friend said, "It was very hot last night."
11. The gardener said, "These plants need a lot of water."
12. Mother said to me, "Your father has just gone out."
13. The hero cried, "Here are no fools."
14. He said, "Alas! 'Now' turns into 'then' so soon."
EXERCISE 4
Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.
1. He says that he would like to be an actor when he comes of age.
2. The teacher said that he could not give up teaching.
3. My brother told me that I could choose my career.
4. My father told me that he was happy with my progress and was proud of it.
5. He told me that his father was not at home but he would return soon.
6. He told me that he could not get time to meet me.
7. You told me that you had gone to Delhi the previous day.
EXERCISE 5
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. He said to me, "Who are you and what do you want?"
2. She asked him, "Whom do you want to see?"
3. He said to her, "Where did you first meet him?"
4. The policeman said to you. "Why did you not help the police?"
5. I said to him, "When did you come here and what has brought you here?"
Convert the following into Indirect Speech:
EXERCISE 6
1. She said to him, "Do you attend your classes regularly?"
2. They said to you, "Shall we help you in your work?"
3. The teacher said to the parents, "Do your children trouble you at home?"
4. The father said to the son, "Am I not providing for all your needs?"
5. He said to me, "Were you scolding your wife?"
EXERCISE 7
Change the following sentences into Direct Speech:
1. You asked me if I was playing.
2. He asked me what my father was.
3. She asked me why I wanted to meet her.
4. She asked me if I enjoyed reading novels. I replied that I did.
5. My friend asked me if I had decided to spend my vacation in Shimla. I replied that I had not been able to manage the money by then.
EXERCISE 8
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. "Please help a poor blind man," said the beggar.
2. The tyrant shouted, "Off with his head."
3. The Commander said to the Squadron Leader, "Bomb the enemy camp at once."
4. "Hands up!" shouted the robber, flourishing a gun in his hand.
5. Father said to me, "Don't panic or lose your temper in any situation."
6. The Bible says, "Love your neighbour as yourself."
7. The old man said, "O God, help me in this hour of sorrow!"
EXERCISE 9
Change the following sentences into Direct Speech:
1. Father told me to let his clothes dry in the sun.
2. The teacher ordered the boys to read quietly.
3. The beggar begged Mohan a rupee.
4. He advised me to play some game to keep fit.
5. Pran invited me to have a cup of tea with him.
6. Mother told Kalpana to go to the kitchen and prepare a cup of tea for her.
7. His poor neighbour requested Nirmal to take him to hospital.
EXERCISE 10
Convert the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. Pinki said “Hurrah! I have passed.”
2. He said to her "What! You have lost your purse."
3. The captain said. “Hurrah! We have won the match.”
4. The priest said, "May you be blessed with eternal happiness."
5. He said “Alas! The great leader is no more.”
EXERCISE 11
Read the dialogues and complete the passages given below. Write the correct option in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Do not copy the whole sentence.
1. Meenu, How did you get up that tree?
Rohan, I used a ladder of course. But someone went off with it while I was sawing this branch. Go and get another one instead of just standing here asking silly questions.
Meenu asked Rohan (a)………. .
Rohan snapped angrily that (b)…………. . He added that (c)…………
He ordered Meenu (d)…………… .
(a) (i) that how did he get up that tree
(ii) that how he got up that tree
(ii) how he got up this tree
(iv) how he had got up that tree
(b) (i) I used a ladder, of course
(ii) he used a ladder, of course
(iii) he had used a ladder, of course
(iv) he used to have a ladder, of course
(c) (i) someone went off with it while I was sawing that branch
(ii) someone had gone off with it while he was sawing that branch
(iii) someone had gone off with it while he had been sawing that branch
(iv) someone went off with that while he was sawing the branch
(d) (i) to go and get another one instead of just standing there asking silly questions
(ii) that get another one instead of standing there to ask silly questions
(iii) how to get another one instead of asking silly questions
(iv) to get another one and having asked silly questions
2. CM : The State Government will release a sum of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work. Is the work going on as per schedule?
D.C: The relief work is being carried out well.
The C.M. told D.C. that (a) ……… .
He also asked him (b) ………… .
The D. C told the C. M (c) …………….. .
(a) (i) the State Government will release a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(ii) the State Government would release a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(iii) the State Government would released a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(iv) the Stae Government had released a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(b) (i) if the work was going on as per schedule
(ii) that whether the work was going on as per schedule
(iii) whether the work had been going on as per schedule
(iv) that the work was going on as per schedule
(c) (i) to relief work going on as per schedule
(ii) that the relief work had been going on well
(iii) that the relief work was being carried out well
(iv) that the relief work had been carried out well
3. Chunnilal : Do you remember what my last job was?
Bepin : Of course. You worked in a travel agency.
Chunnilal : Who arranged the ticket for you?
Chunnilal asked Bepin (a)………… . Bepin replied that he did and (b) ………… .
At this Chunnilal asked him to remember (c) ………….. .
(a) (i) that he remembered what his last job was
(ii) if he remembered what his last job was (had been)
(iii) if he remember what his last job had been
(iv) if you remembered what my last job had been
(b) (i) said that he worked in a travel agency
(ii) said that I worked in a travel agency
(iii) said that he had worked in a travel agency
(iv) said that I had worked in a travel agency
(c) (i) who arranged the ticket for him
(ii) that who arranged the ticket for him
(iii) who had arranged the ticket for Chunnilal
(iv) who had arranged the ticket for him
Chapter 20: Phrases And Clauses
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable noun phrases:
1. ………….is happy.
2. The peacock is ……………. .
3. ………………should be important for you.
4. Can you suggest…………..?
5. ……………….is better than living a long life.
6. Do you mind ………………?
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences using Adjective Phrases:
1. Ambani is a man of……………………. .
2. Gandhi was a man……………………. .
3. Mukesh lives in a house…………… .
4. I like to see you……………………. .
5. Jagjivan belongs to a caste …………………….in India.
6. The king wore a crown…………. .
7. Ahrawat is an elephant ……………………. .
EXERCISE 3
Complete the following sentences using verb phrases:
1. Your outfit ………… quite appropriate.
2. She ………… all night.
3. The vacancy…………already.
4. All the books………… on the shelf.
5. We ………… informed about the dinner.
EXERCISE 4
Complete the following sentences using prepositional phrases:
1. You will find him………… .
2. The books are………… .
3. The natural beauty of the hills have turned them………… .
4. ………… after freedom, Nehru was the Prime Minister.
EXERCISE 5
Complete the following sentences using adverbial phrases.
1. She lived…………of a big city.
2. In this matter you acted………… .
3. Acting…………he pounced upon his adversary.
4. He was, ………… the principal of the college.
5. I promise to meet you………… .
6. They have decided to go………… .
EXERCISE 6
Pick out the noun clauses and say whether they are the subject, object, complement or object of a preposition.
1. Tell me how you did it.
2. That he will come is certain.
3. We are sure that you will succeed.
4. Everything depends on how he does it.
5. She says her mother is ill.
6. How long he shall stay is not known to me.
7 I cannot believe in what he says.
8. The truth is that we have lost the battle.
9. The verdict is that the prisoner shall die.
10. I think you have made a mistake.
EXERCISE 7
Supply the suitable noun clauses:
1. ……………is not much.
2. ……………is what we think.
3. ……………was a secret.
4. Can you tell me……………?
5. Do…………… .
6. I understand…………….. .
7. I am afraid…………… .
8. It is not clear…………… .
9. Do you know……………?
10. The law will punish…………… .
EXERCISE 8
Join the following pairs of sentences with or without the help of a relative pronoun:
Examples:
An architect is a man. He designs buildings An architect is someone who designs buildings.
You had lost the keys. Have you found them?
Have you found the keys you had lost?
1. A man lives next door. He is very friendly.
2. Some plays have unhappy endings. I don't like them.
3. The machine broke down. It has now been repaired.
4. A boy was injured in the accident. He is now in hospital.
5. A man answered the phone. He told me you were out.
6. I gave you some money. What have you done with it?
7. Tom is talking to someone. Do you know him?
8. You saw a film. What is its name?
9. We were invited to a party. We could not attend it.
10. We stayed at a hotel. It was rather costly.
EXERCISE 9
Replace the adjective phrases in the following with adjective clauses:
1. A man of decent manners is sure to be liked.
2. He told us the cost of his new house.
3. The train leaving for Mumbai got delayed.
4. I still remember my days in college.
5. The time for departing has now arrived.
6. I have a book containing interesting stories.
7. We admire a man of principles.
8. You can have anything of your liking.
9. People living in glass houses should not throw stones.
10. We were startled by the noise made by the blast.
EXERCISE 10
Supply suitable adjective clauses:
1. I like the dress……………. .
2. The shop……………. .was shut down when we got there.
3. Some of the people……………. could not come.
4. The car……………. broke down after a while.
5. We live in a house……………. .
6. I love the man……………. .
7. Have you seen the place……………. .
8. The people……………. .were very friendly.
9. It was the worst thing……………. .
10. The party……………. Wasn’t very enjoyable.
EXERCISE 11
Join the following pairs of sentences using adjective clauses:
1. You borrowed the car from a man. What is his name?
2. I met a man. His brother is my classmate.
3. Here is a man. His sister knows you.
4. He married a woman. She left him soon.
5. I met a man in Delhi. Now he is a minister.
6. I know the man. He has lent you money.
7. I went to Porbander. Gandhi was born there.
8. Panipat is a small town. A fierce battle was fought here once.
9. I went back to a town. I was born there.
10. No one knows the place. Saddam is hiding there.
11. Do you know a restaurant? We may have a good meal.
EXERCISE 12
Replace the adjective phrases by adjective clauses in the following sentences:
1. He is a man of good character.
2. There was a box full of sweets.
3. I am fortunate to have a very intelligent teacher.
4. He is a man of great wealth.
5. My friend bought a table with four legs.
6. There was a chair near the window.
7. I got a stick with a carved handle.
8. She is a girl with intelligent eyes.
9. The man wearing the red-shirt is my brother.
10. Do not touch the painting standing in the corner.
EXERCISE 13
Pick out adverb clauses in the following sentences and state their types:
1. Since you have finished your work, you may go.
2. Let him go if he so desires.
3. The stone is so heavy that I cannot pick it up.
4. Make hay while the sun shines.
5. When Sarla failed, she wept bitterly.
6. I'll wait till you arrive.
7. When she walks past him, she always smiles.
8. He worked hard lest he should fail.
9. He cannot run because he is injured.
10. He is so good that he cannot say no.
11. If you do not help him he will be in trouble.
12. He is as good a man as I can imagine.
13. Do in Rome as Romans do.
14. As far as I know, he is a man of good character.
15. The earlier he comes, the better it is.
EXERCISE 14
Supply suitable adverb clauses.
1. …………….., we have taken good care.
2. The box is so heavy………….., .
3. Wait here………….., .
4. Walk carefully………….., .
5. Come………….., .
6. …………..,he attended the office.
7. He became so weak………….., .
8. He died before………….., .
9. ………….. do not forget to see me.
10. I have not seen him………….., .
EXERCISE 15
Replace each underlined adverb phrase by an adverb clause:
1. On sunrise, they began to pray.
2. Returning from work she stopped in the market.
3. He could not attend the party because of his illness.
4. Though poor, he is very honest.
5. Having failed in the examination, the girl tried to commit suicide.
6. Being free, India chose the parliamentary system of democracy.
7. Even while going to gallows. Bhagat Singh sang the song of patriotism.
8. After being elected, he dedicated himself to the service of the people.
EXERCISE 16
In the following passage, name the kind of underlined clauses.
Children in Turkey play this game (1) because they think the important thing is to have as many marbles as one could. There is quite a competition to win the most marbles, (2) so they also practise in their free time. Marbles in Turkey is a sign of a superior kid. The one (3) who has the most marbles is the most sought after kid. But marbles are not meant to be just bought from the market and stored to show off. They need to be won through this game.
The one (4) who wins the most marbles is the leader of the group, and everyone tries to be the leader. Many groups are formed in the vicinity.
Test Paper 2
1. Replace underlined adverb phrases by adverbs:
1. Wear your pain with patience.
2. In the early days, most people lived without much comfort.
3.I welcomed him with all my heart.
4. The battle was fought with violence.
5. He accepted his defeat with grace.
6. He excused him with mercy.
7. There is no place where we cannot see sun.
2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate preposition:
1. The police knocked at his door………….
midnight.
2. He was found roaming………….gypsies.
3.I have known him………….childhood days.
4. He works hard………….morning till night.
5. The dog lay quietly………….the table.
6. A walk early………….the morning is good for health.
7. I met him first………….a party.
8. Please come…………. me………….4 pm sharp.
3. Complete the passage using suitable prepositions.
Living (1) ………….the year 2016 we have plenty (2) ………….communication
facilities available (3) ………….us. Thanks (4) ………….airplanes we can travel (5) ………….the world in a matter (6) ……….
hours. But as we all know, airplanes have come (7) ………….existence over the past
hundred years. Before that man had tried
(8) ………….build various kinds (9) …………. flying machines. Some of the earliest designs for flying machines were made (10) …………. Leonardo Da Vinci. (11) ……….. 1670 Francisco Lana sketched a flying machine suspended (12) …………. rods. Besnier gave exhibitions of gliding (13) ………….. a height to the earth but this machine could not rise.
4. Combine each sat of the sentences below into one sentence each by using the conjunctions indicated in brackets:
1. I did not attend the function. I was not invited to it. (because)
2. Some students have finished their work.
They are allowed to go home. (such... as)
3. She is vain and foolish. Even then people like her. (though... yet)
4. The last wicket fell. The crowd invaded the field. (as soon as)
5. You may pass. You may not pass. I don't care. (whether... or)
6. The air ships were very large. They could not be easily controlled. (so... that)
7. He may run very fast. Even then he cannot catch the train. (However)
8. The train was crossing a bridge. The accident took place then. (while)
9. I gave up smoking. It is now five years after that. (since)
10. The bell rang. The students came out of their classrooms. (No sooner…… than)
11. The robbers robbed him. They also shot him dead. (Not only.... but also)
12. I do not like tea. I do not like coffee either. (neither.... nor)
5. Read the dialogue given below changing it into a passage with indirect speech.
Monu : When is the fancy dress competition in your school?
Sonu : It is after two weeks.
Monu : Are you taking part in it?
Sonu: Yes, I am taking part as an engine driver.
Monu ; What makes you choose it ?
Sonu : So that I can reach late.
Identify the subordinate clauses and say what kind of clauses they are:
1. Though Columbus promised his solders rich awards, not many came forward sail with him.
2. If you will give me a torch, I’ll explore inside the cave.
3. Don't ask the child to eat till he asks for food.
4. Mrs. Das wants to stop working because she gets very little time to attend to her family.
5. What he does is in the best interest of the country.
6. I could not understand what he meant.
7. Show me the pen that your brother presented you.
8. I met Mohan who gave me a hundred rupees.
9. Don't desire what is not possible.
10. It is certain that he will help me.
7. Complete the sentences by using a clause each. The kind of clause to be added is mentioned in the brackets.
1. Manna replied………… . (Noun Clause)
2. The man was blind……………. . (Co-ordinate Clause)
3.I know the man……………. . (Adjective Clause)
4. ……………. .I went to school. (Adverb Clause)
5. We should act……………. . (Adverb Clause)
6. All students …………. will be given a prize each. (Adjective Clause)
7. Nobody knew………….. . (Noun Clause)
8. We can leave for the school…………….. (Adverb Clause)
.
Chapter 21: Sentence Types
EXERCISE 1
Mark simple and compound sentences in the following passage:
The January 26 is celebrated as the Republic Day in every part of the country. Our Constitution became effective on this day and we became a sovereign democratic republic. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India and it is the basic governing document. The constitution was prepared by a committee and the President of the committee was Dr. Ambedkar. India got freedom in 1947 but it took almost three years to prepare the constitution. It is our duty to obey the laws laid in the constitution or we will come to grief.
EXERCISE 2
Read the following passage carefully. Write 's’, for the simple sentences ‘cd’ for compound and ‘cx’ for complex sentences.
1. Maruti makes not only cars but also scooters.
2. He passed his test and became famous.
3. Work quickly else you may be late.
4. The country in which I live is very large.
5. I went to his house but he was not there.
6. I helped him for I thought he deserved it.
7. Either he is mad or he pretends to be so.
8. I went because I was invited.
9. They never fail who fail in a great cause.
10. He got more marks than we expected.
11. He was guilty therefore he was punished.
12. They reached the station when the train had left.
13. Wherever you are, remain happy.
14. He must succeed, for he has worked hard.
15. He came, he saw and he won.
16. Do good, and find good.
17. God helps those who help themselves.
18. The Parliament passed the bill but the Supreme Court threw it out.
19. He tried hard but he did not succeed.
20. She must weep or she will die.
21. They also serve who only stand and wait.
22. I thought I saw my late espoused (adopted/supported) saint.
23. My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow.
24. Do in Rome as Romans do.
25. I do not admit impediments in the marriage of true minds.
Chapter 22: Transformation Of Sentences
EXERCISE 1
Transform the following Exclamatory sentences into Assertions:
1. How beautiful this moonlit night is!
2. If only you had me earlier!
3. Alas! We have lost everything.
4. To think of Congress losing elections!
5. What a piece of work is man!
6. O! What a fall was there, my countrymen!
7. What a wonderful dance!
EXERCISE 2
Transform the following into exclamatory sentences:
1. It is a horrible thought
2. This is a very beautiful stone.
3. It was a very delicious meal.
4. I wish I had the wings of dove.
5. The camel is well-fitted for the deserts.
6. It is very stupid of me to forget your name.
7. I wish I had come an hour earlier.
EXERCISE 3
Convert the following simple sentences to complex sentences:
1. He hoped to stand first.
2. Bose's secret files are now likely to be made public.
3. Tell the truth.
4. I met a great cricketer.
5. I was the first to arrive.
6. Immediately after his arrival, he began to work.
7. The lion is feared for its fierceness.
EXERCISE 4
Convert each of the following complex sentences to a simple sentence:
1. He is so old that he cannot learn anything new.
2. The judge found him guilty.
3. Tell me where you live.
4. I do not know when the train will depart.
5. The news that the minister has arrived made everyone happy.
6. Whoever is prudent is suspected.
7. He died in the country in which he was born.
EXERCISE 5
Convert the following simple sentences into compound ones:
1. He murdered the poor child after robbing him.
2. He had to work to keep the wolf from the door.
3. To his eternal shame, the officer was caught red-handed while accepting the bribe.
4. He must not attempt to escape the pain of death.
5. Despite his hard work, he found the going very difficult.
6. Unluckily I missed the train.
7. With all his learning, he was far from being a pedant.
EXERCISE 6
Convert the following compound sentences into simple ones.
1. The carpenter finished his work and put away his tools.
2. Not only did he give the poor man food, he gave him some money also.
3. He suffered a setback but he did not lose heart.
4. He must pay the fee or he will not be allowed to appear in the examination.
5. All of them endured great sufferings, yet none of them made any complaint.
6. He practised daily and so he became an expert player.
7. I ordered him to halt but he took no notice.
*Make compound sentences by filling in the blanks with an appropriate coordinate conjunction.
1. I called her many times………. She didn't answer the phone.
(a) and (b) but (c) though
2. He is intelligent………….honest.
(a) or (b) but (c) and
3. He is old………..he is active.
(a) and (b) or (c) but
4. He not only lost his reputation…………. brought a bad name to his family.
(a) also (b) but (c) but also
5. You may…………… spend the night here or go home.
(a) neither (b) either (c) nor
6.I reached the counter…………. took my purse out…………..there was no money in it.
(a) and, but (b) and, and (c) but, but (d) but and
7. The way may be long………… we may feel tired………….. we will not give hope.
(a) and, but (b) and, and (c) but, but
8. We took part in the competition………. we did not win any prize.
(a) and (b) but (c) or
9. Our servant is slow……….. he is honest and dependable.
(a) and (b) but (c) although
10. Leave the house at once…………. I will call the police.
(a) and (b) but (c) or
Chapter 23: Puctuati8on And Capital Letters
EXERCISE 1
Put commas where necessary:
1. Come here David.
2. No I am not going to Delhi
3. Hindus Muslims Sikhs and Christians live like brothers in our country.
4. When I reached the spot the party was over
5. Mohan replied "I am a student"
6. Mohan Lal my best friend is a wonderful man
7. Men may come and men may go but I go on for ever
8. Neetu his youngest daughter married a South Indian.
9. He is to say the least not a man of my choice
10. Caesar to be honest was really ambitious
11. The result frankly speaking is not very encouraging.
12. Who does not need an honest intelligent sincere and hardworking friend?
13. He will I hope recover soon
14. He was in distress for he had failed
15. Unless you help I'll not succeed
EXERCISE 2
Punctuate the following using capital letters where necessary:
1. a propeller is a kind of fan with two or more blades which is rotated by an engine
2. when the propeller rotates fast it propels the plane that is it drives it forward and the pressure of the rushing air against the wings lifts the plane in the air
3. some are bom great some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them
4. sir I would rather be right than be president
5. how old is your king he shouted across to Mallika's charioteer when he learnt the age of the king of Kosala he found both the kings were of the same age
6. he tried to find out if either had an advantage over the other in the extent of his kingdom or the size of his army in his wealth or caste or family
7. in the end columbus had to collect beggars and criminals from prisons and force them to join the crew
8. mira the eldest of the four was sixteen and very pretty being plump and fair with large eyes plenty of soft brown hair a sweet mouth and white hands of which she was rather vain
9. as caesar loved me i wept for him as he was fortunate i rejoice at it as he was valiant i honour him but as he was ambitious i slew him
10. when we think of the lives of great men we do not so much honour their memory as we get an inspiration for living
11. we feel that these great men were in every way better than us yet they suffered more than we do
12. no human attainment is cheap least of all greatness in any walk of life for greatness has its price and the price of greatness is always pain
13. what is university education after all it tries to prepare our minds in four basic abilities
14. the shepherd finding his flock destroyed exclaimed i have been rightly served why did i trust my sheep to a wolf
2. NOUN
3. ADJECTIVES
4. ARTICLES
5. PRONOUNS
6. VERB
7. TIME AND TENSE
8. THE PRIMARY AUXILIARIES
9. SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORMS OF PRESENT TENSE
10. SIMPLE AND CONTINUATION FORMS
11. THE PERFECT TENSE
12. EXPRESSING THE FUTURE
13. MODALS
14. Non-FINITE
15. ACTIVE ÀND PASSIVE
16. ADVERBS 22. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE
17. PREPOSITIONS
18. CONJUNCTIONS
19. REPORTED SPEECH
20. PHRASES & CLAUSES, TEST PAPER : 2
21. SENTENCE TYPE
22. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE
Chapter 1: The Sentence
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable question words.
1. ……………has not heard of Lord Krishna?
2. …………….did Bangladesh come into being?
3 …………….do you get up in the morning?
4. ……………..don't you understand me?
5…………….. long does it take to reach Delhi?
6. ………….often have I told you not to disturb me?
7. …………….can I do for you?
EXERCISE 2
Rearrange the words in the following groups to make proper assertive sentences.
1. a junk shop/Mumbai/saw/I/in
2. saw/there/a roll-top desk/I
3. told the man/a 20th century/me/that/it was/piece
4. far too expensive/the others/I had seen/were
5. bad condition/this one/in a/was
6. bought/1/for/very little money/it
7. it/my workroom/paid the man/and/I/brought to
8. on Christmas Eve/began work/on it/I
9. found/hard work/I/it
EXERCISE 3
Rearrange the words in the following groups to make Imperative sentences.
Example: take/do not/cannot return/what/you
Do not take what you cannot return.
1. parents/respect/your/and teachers/always
2. misbehave/with others/never
3. your words/before/weigh/speak/you
4. walk/green grass/do not/on/the
5. while/do not/ the teacher/talk/teaching/is
6. hay/the sun/make/while/shines
7. your talk/brief/in/be/and polite
EXERCISE 4
Rearrange the words in the following groups to make proper exclamatory sentences.
Example: a beautiful/what/it/flower/is
What a beautiful flower it is!
1. the peacock/how/is/beautiful
2. a problem/has become/terrorism/what
3. made/speech/a/wonderful/what/Mr Modi
4. what/is/child/pretty/a/she
5. excellently/drive/how/you/the car
6. very foolish/very wise/some/how/are
7. he/alas/no more/is
EXERCISE 5
Separate the subject and the predicate in the following sentences.
1. The Rajdhani Express moved rapidly towards its destination.
2. There was on display in the museum a Pritam painting.
3. Can you speak French, Mohan?
4. All the water in the vase has evaporated.
5. The students of this school never tell a lie.
6. Sunflowers bloom in summer.
7. The hero rescued the heroine from the burning house.
8. Robinson Crusoe lived in an island for many years.
9. In one corner sat the child.
10. Her mother cannot read or write.
EXERCISE 6
Some of the following sentences have only one clause (i.e. the whole sentence is a clause). In others you can find a subordinate clause also. Separate that clause from those sentences. In sentences where there is no subordinate clause, pick out a phrase from each of them.
1. Where do you keep your money?
2. I keep my books in a cupboard.
3. I met my uncle who has returned from England.
4. He is a very well-behaved student.
5. Don't make a noise in the class.
6. Are you going to your school?
7. Biden is the President of America.
8. This is the place where I first met her.
9. He gets up when the cock crows.
10. I don't know why he is angry with me.
EXERCISE 7
Rewrite the following passage using capital letters and putting in a full stop, a mark of interrogation or a mark of exclamation where necessary.
long ago in Greece, there was a musician called orpheus he played the lyre so well that his listeners forgot their cares and were filled with joy even the trees bent their branches to listen to orpheus wild animals forgot to be cruel and came near him and listened
orpheus had a beautiful wife called eurydice whom he loved more than his life one day she saw a man behind a bush he started following her eurydice ran screaming not looking where she went she stepped on a snake which bit her in a few minutes she was dead
orpheus was overcome with grief he did not play on his lyre any more finally he decided to go to the world of dead if he could not bring his wife back he wanted to stay there with her.
EXERCISE 8
Add question tags to the following statements.
1. There are a lot of people there.
2. It's a nice day.
3. She is very pretty.
4. Mary will be here soon.
5. You can speak German.
6. You have met the minister
7. You are with a friend.
EXERCISE 9
Add question tags to the following negative statements.
1. They don't look well today.
2. They weren't listening.
3. Mohan won't be late.
4. She doesn't know French.
5. He won't mind if I use his phone.
6. The book is not very interesting.
7. He did not drop that vase.
EXERCISE 10
Add question tags to the following sentences.
1. Don't drop the vase.
2. Let's go out tonight.
3. Please open the door.
4. Listen to me.
5. Please lend me your phone.
6. Let us try to solve the problem.
7. Don't let him disturb me.
Chapter 2: NOUN
EXERCISE 1
Read the passage given below. Then identify the different types of nouns.
Bill Watterson
(by Ankit Dangi, Mumbai)
William Boyd Watterson II (born July 5, 1958), better-known as Bill Watterson, is an American cartoonist and writer famous for creating Calvin and Hobbes, the much-loved comic strip featuring the capers of an imaginative six-year-old boy and his stuffed tiger. The strip ran as a daily in several newspapers between 1985 and 1995, after which Watterson stopped creating the strip, much to the disappointment of its fans. At its peak Calvin and Hobbes was published in over 2,400 newspapers worldwide and reruns of the strip continue to appear even today. Over 45 million copies of books (compilations) have been sold. The strip earned Watterson several laurels and awards including the National Cartoonists Society's Reuben Award-the industry's highest honour. Watterson won this award in 1986 and became the youngest cartoonist ever to do so. Watterson now lives with his wife in Cleveland USA. He has taken up painting but keeps away from the public eye.
Write the identified nouns under the correct head in the table below:
S. No.
1. Common nouns
2. Proper nouns
3. Collective nouns
4. Abstract nouns
5. Material nouns
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks by using right forms of the words given in brackets:
1. To their great…………congress lost the election of 2014. (disappoint)
2. Many ………..were signed between the Chinese and Indian heads of states. (agree)
3. Pay ………..to what the teacher says. (attend)
4. The spectators burst into ……….at the …….of the clown. (laugh, see)
5. Indian army has no ………of ammunition.
(short)
6. The boss did not accept his………… .
(resign)
7. Mr Obama gave India the ………….of his country's cooperation. (assure)
8. Is there a …………in this office?
(vacant)
9. Did you get an…………. to attend the function? (invite)
10. To give terrorists to save some lives was a hasty……………… . (decide)
11. The responsible persons have to act with a lot of…………. . (patient)
12. Did you attend the wedding……….. ? (receive)
13. …………….breeds contempt. (familiar)
14. There is a strong…………..between brothers. (resemble)
15. Prices have gone up; that's a …………. . (certain)
EXERCISE 3
Choose the correct collective noun from the box to give a name to the following. The first has been done for you
Sheaf, orchard, bundle, bevy, suite, pack ,crew, fleet, clump, flock, stack, chest, army, brood, constellation
1. a collection of arrows …… Sheaf
2. a number of fruit trees
3. a collection of wood hay, piled together
4. a set of rooms
5. a number of hounds
6. a collection of sticks
7. a group of stars
8. a collection of soldiers
9. a group of bushes
10. a number of ships
11. a number of sailors
12. all the young birds or creatures that a mother produces at a time
13. a number of drawers
14. a number of beautiful ladies
15. a group of cattle
EXERCISE 4
Complete these sentences with suitable collective nouns from the box:
Galaxy, herd, flock, clump, crowd, litter, swarm, flight
1. There was a……………. of trees beside the big building.
2. ………… of onlookers was watching the match.
3. Aakashganga is a ………………….of stars.
4. He ran quickly up a ……………….of stairs.
5. He took his ………..of sheep for grazing.
6. A ……………..of bees entered the room.
7. The cowherd has a……………. of cows.
B. The …………….of the cat contained six kittens.
EXERCISE 5
Match the columns.
|
1. a group of vehicles 2. a group of musicians 3. a group of wolves 4. a group of locusts 5. a container for the arrows 6. several pieces of grass joined
together 7. a group of religiously
enthusiastic people 8. a set of people gathered in a
church
|
band pack swarm quiver fleet devotees congregation tuft |
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with group names from the box:
Grocery, insects, reptiles, livestock, confectionery, tools, games, fuel
1. hockey, carrom, cricket
2. lizards, snakes, alligators
3. cows, sheep, goats, buffaloes
4. biscuits, cakes, bread
5. kerosene, cooking, gas, fire wood
6. oil, soap, flour, rice
7. hammer, screw-driver, chisel
8. ants, wasps, beetles, bees
Chapter 3: Adjectives
EXERCISE 1
Underline the adjectives in the passage below and mention their kinds.
WHAT IS THE RIGHT AGE TO BRING A PUPPY HOME?
Eight weeks is the minimum age pups should leave for new homes. It's very important that they remain with their mother and littermates until seven-and-a-half to eight weeks of age. Puppies go through five critical periods. During the first three weeks of their life, puppies have next to no mental capacity and their basic needs are provided for by their mother. Little or no handling by humans is required (assuming all is well with the mother and puppies). Around the fourth week, puppies become aware of other living beings. This is an extremely critical period and puppies should not be separated from their mother or littermates, Introduction to humans should be started. Weeks five through seven, they begin socialisation within the litter and also with humans. At this point, they are capable of responding to voices and recognising people. Training by their mother is in progress and they are becoming aware of the differences between human and canine socialisation. Eight through 12 weeks, puppies can find a new home and are capable of learning simple commands such as Come-Sit-Stay-No.
EXERCISE 2
Give the adjective forms of
(a) centre, office, origin, parent, tutor editor, province, surgeon, type, machine
(b) horror, comfort, reason, air, milk, hand, custom, prime, vision, brother
(c) joke, table, muscle, awe, mirth, pity, will courage, envy, circuit
(d) labour, rebel, vice, metal, drama, girl, fever, gift, west, promise
(e) fortune, child, praise, use, slip, America, Belgium, England, Holland
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the suitable forms of the words enclosed in brackets.
1. The …….must be treated with respect. (age)
2. No ……….should go unpunished. (crime)
3. The………… persons often get the benefit of the position. (influence)
4. He had with him only………… items (essence)
5. The officers are quick to blame their …………staff for the mistakes. (clerk)
6. His behaviour was………… . (enemy)
7. Let there be no mistakes in your letter. (grammar)
8. Tagore was an………….. . (intellect)
9. The behaviour of the police in that case was………….. . (horror)
10. I hate the …………….language. (abuse)
11. The …………….must be helped. (need)
12. His………….. speech provoked the people. (fire)
13. His bravery is………… . (example)
14. Don't be……………… in defeat. (disgrace)
15. Bhagat Singh's …………..deeds live after him. (courage)
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with suitable adjectives from the brackets. Use an article if necessary.
1. Of all the boys in the class, he is …………… . (strong/strongest)
2. Shruthi is ……………. than Ananya. (more beautiful, most beautiful)
3. He is the ………. person I have ever met. (gentler/ gentlest)
4. He is an ………….. person. (able ablest)
5. This is the ……….. edition of this book (later/latest)
5. Time is the ……….. healer. (better/best)
7. The…………. of the two brothers is a teacher. (young/younger)
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with much or many.
1. How…………. sugar did you buy?
2. …………. people came to see the Prime Minister.
3. We have not ……………food left.
4. ………… of what he said was nonsense.
5. ………….of the passengers had a narrow escape.
6. There wasn't …………..discussion at the meeting about the location of the office.
7. Are there ………… computers in your college?
8. …………..temples were shattered in Pakistan.
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with some or any?
1. He had ………….doubts about the plan.
2. He had seldom ………….doubt about the plan.
3. We haven't got ………….butter left.
4. The talks went on at ………….length.
5. Do you have ………….better ideas?
6. I need ………….money. Could you give me ………….?
7. The team has ………….quality batsmen but there are not…………. good bowlers.
8. It was impossible for…………. air to get out.
EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with little, a little, the little, few, a few, the few.
1. She put………clothes that she had into her bag and walked out of the house forever.
2. I have to go now, I have ………work to do.
3. There was ………..work to do, so he could not earn much money.
4. I won't be long. I've got only………. things to get.
5. Although the play is set in Mumbai………….characters in it are all Bihari.
6. I saw her first………….. after midnight.
7. It will take…………… time before you learn your job well.
8. The survivors divided …………water they had between them.
EXERCISE 8
Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word from the brackets.
1. My………… brother is in tenth class. (older, elder)
2. India is considered the………. civilization in the world. (oldest, eldest)
3. Nobody likes your………… brother's attitude. (older, elder)
4. He gave all his time for social work in the ……….part of his life. (latter, later)
5. Between Rahul and Narendra, the people chose the…………. . (latter, later, last)
6. I should be the …………..man to agree to these unfair conditions. (latter, later, last)
7. Who lives in the house………… to yours? (nearest, next)
8. Who in the family is …………to your heart? (nearest, next)
EXERCISE 9
Fill in the blanks with correct words from the brackets.
1. The officer is ………….busy ………..bee. (as, so, that)
2. The musician is……….. blind………. a bat. (as, so, that)
3. He is not………. wise………. solomon. (as, so, that)
4. He is the………. example of a student. (good, perfect)
5. This book is ………….in all respects. (perfect, full, complete, most complete)
6. All politicians are not …………honest ………..the Prime Minister. (so, as, more)
7. His success is (ideal, unique)
Chapter 4: Articles
EXERCISE 1
A. Fill in the blanks with a/an:
1. ………….. magazine
2. ………….. elephant
3. …………..lovely dress
4. …………..interesting book
5. …………..bee
6. …………..parrot
7. ………….. insect
8. …………..extra chair
9. ………….. exercise
10. …………..cupboard
B. Fill in the blanks with an indefinite article each where necessary.
Set I
1. …………..ant is………….. insect.
2. Beethoven was………….. composer.
3. Marilyn Monroe was………….. actress.
4. He studied in ........ university.
5. Shakespeare was …………..author.
6. She is …………..nurse.
7. …………..pigeon is …………..bird.
8. Dave is………….. plumber.
9. Einstein was …………..scientist.
10. Have you got …………..headache?
11. He is …………..child.
12. It's …………..aeroplane.
13. Would you like to be …………..actor?
14. Do you like …………..stamp-collecting?
Set II
1. We don't have …………..camera.
2. Jane is………….. teacher.
3. …………..elephant is …………..huge animal.
4. He is …………..orator.
5. He is …………..liar.
6. What …………..beautiful half …………..hour we have passed!
7. Once there lived………….. king.
8. It was………….. unusually hot day.
9. …………..apple …………..day keeps the doctor away.
10. I read…………..article in …………..scientific magazine.
11. …………..bird in hand is better than two in the bush.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable articles.
Set I
1. This moming I brought…………..pen and …………..diary. …………..pen is in my pocket but I don't know where I put …………..diary.
2. I have …………..invitation to attend ………….. marriage of my friend's son this evening. ………….. boy …………..engineer but I don't know what …………..girl does.
3. There are two cars parked outside: white one is my brother's; I don't know who is ………….. owner of grey one is.
4. My friend lives in…………..house in ……….. in small town. There is …………. beautiful garden behind his house. I would like to have……….. garden like that.
5. Would you like ……………banana?
6. How often do you go to ……………..dentist?
7. Will you shut ……………door please?
8. It was………….mistake.
9. Where is ………….railway station, please?
10. How often do you go to……………. doctor?
11 What's ……………problem? Please tell me.
12. I have ……………problem I need your help.
13. There being no chair, we sat on ………..floor.
14. Have you finished with ………..book I lent you?
15. My brother has got……… job, in ………… bank in Delhi.
EXERCISE 3
Insert articles where necessary:
1. He lives in small village in country.
2. Earth goes round sun in year.
3. I am fed up with taking same food every day.
4. This Sunday was cold day. It was coldest day of season.
5. I had good breakfast this morning.
6. Do you want to live in foreign country?
7. Sun rises in east.
8. The brave man lost arm in battle.
9. It's hopeless case.
10. Set back clock. It's hour too fast.
11. Where did you buy pen?
12. Have you seen Eskimos?
13. Draw map of India.
14. Do not look gift-horse in mouth.
15. Does he know about accident?
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with a, an or the. If no article is required put (X) in the blank:
Set I
1. ………..Tulsidas……….. was Indian poet.
2. I like to study ………..English and Maths.
3. I want to be ………..engineer.
4. ………..Chandigarh is ………..capital of ………..Punjab and ………..Haryana.
5. He is ………..teacher who teaches ………..English.
6. She is wearing ………..blue skirt.
7. ……….. honesty is ………..best policy.
8. As you sow, so shall ………..you reap.
9. ………..bad workman quarrels with ………..tools.
10. ………..cleanliness is next to……….. godliness.
11. ………..apple ………..day keeps ………..doctor away.
12. ………..bread is made o………..f wheat.
13. ………..Amir is ………..actor.
14. Neither ………..borrower nor……….. lender be.
Set II
1. ………..gold and ………..silver are precious metals.
2. Would you pass me ………..sugar?
3. ………..children like to play in water.
4. ………..dinner is ready
5. They speak ………..Hindi at home.
6. I learnt French at ………..school.
7. ………..school is very near to my hous.
8. ………..cook has given……….. notice.
9. He was elected ………..chairman of the association.
10. Send him ………..word that you will go there.
Chapter 5: Pronouns
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
Set I
1. The zebra has strips on ………..back.
2. Let ………..all pray together.
3. It is ………..work.
4. ………..made a complaint.
5. Ma Parker was lost in ………..thoughts.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable personal or possessive pronouns.
Set 1
1. They found……….. in great difficulty.
2. I left the books on the table. Where are……….. ?
3. I have a book. I shall give ………..to you.
4. Tuhin is my friend. ………..gave me a camera.
5. Miss Sraya, how are……….. ?
6. My teacher is a learned man. ………..teaches us English.
7. Here is ………..book. Take it away.
8. Was it……….. who was knocking at the door?
Set II
1. ………..loves his dog and cannot do without……….. .
2. This is……….. book, not mine or yours.
3. The jury were divided in............ opinion.
4. There were many doors but ………..were all locked.
5. If the thief is caught, ………..will be punished.
6. Tanya was not hurt. ……….. jumped up on to ………..feet in a moment.
7. "I wish ………..hadn't cried so much," said Mohan.
8. You are not attending. What are……….. thinking of?
9. Hari brought ………..book and began to read.
10. He has lost ………..dog and is now looking for…….. .
EXERCISE 3
Correct the following sentences using either Reflexive or Emphatic Pronouns or correcting them where wrongly used.
1. We enjoyed much in the party.
2. We would like to meet yourself and Mohan.
3. Myself has been given the task of receiving the guests.
4. Have they invited yourself and your wife to the party?
5. Gole made a joke of Gole.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with suitable Indefinite Pronouns.
1. I knocked at the door but ………..answered.
2. Would you like ………..to eat?
3. Is there ………..that I can give you?
4. Did ………..see him entering the house?
5. ………..know that he is an honest man.
6. Could ………..of them help me?
7. The room was not empty. ………..was certainly there.
8. “ ………..clears up my spirits like a fine day,” said Keats.
9. I am ready to give ………..that I have.
10. ……….. came to help because ………..were busy.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with proper Interrogative Pronouns.
1. ……….. is this book?
2. ………..built the Taj Mahal?
3. ………..do you want to meet?
4. ………..dies if the country lives?
5. ………..will happen when there will be no petrol?
6. ………..is your opinion about this book?
7. Did you ask him……….. he is?
8. I don't know ………..he does.
9. Of ………..are you speaking?
10. Do you know……….. has stood first?
EXERCISE 6
Combine the following pairs of sentences using a Relative Pronoun in each. First one is done for you.
1. He is a boy. He has given me money.
Ans. He is the boy who has given me money.
2.I got this book today. You sent me the book.
3. Karim is very lazy. He was punished.
4. I met my father. He had just arrived from abroad.
5. Here is the man. He showed me the city.
6. It is Taj Mahal. Shah Jahan built it.
7. The girl is my cousin. She has won a prize
8. The teacher has arrived. We were waiting for him.
9. The boy tells lies. He deserves to be punished.
10. I heard a song. The song pleased me.
EXERCISE 7
Define these terms using suitable Relative Pronouns. The first three are done for you.
1. An astronaut is one who goes into space.
2. An axe is an instrument which is used to cut wood.
3. An orchard is a place where there are fruit trees.
4. A farmer
5. A teacher
6. A newspaper vendor
7. A milkman
8. A dentist
9. A plagiarist
10. A perpendicular
11. A tailor
12. A cardiologist
EXERCISE 8
A relative pronoun must be placed as close to its antecedent as possible. Rewrite the following sentences correctly. The first one is done for you.
1. This boy is the son of Mr. Srinivas who has stood first in the class.
This boy who is the son of Mr Srinivas has stood first in the class.
Or
This boy who has stood first in the class is the son of Mr. Srinivas.
2. I with my family reside in a house which consists of five persons.
3. He welcomed the lady who was a very courteous man.
4. The man could not lift the box who was old.
5. The bus did not stop at this place which was running at full speed.
6. The man works in my garden who is 40 years old.
7. I sent my friend a book who needed it.
EXERCISE 9
Rewrite the following sentences omitting the Relative Pronouns.
1. This is the table which I use for study.
2. The book about which you were asking is now in the school library.
3. Where have you left the bag with which you came into the room?
4. These are the students whom I was referring.
5. Was that the train that you wanted to board?
6. Is this the time by which you expected him to arrive?
7. The city in which we stayed for three days is very beautiful.
8. This is the house in which I live.
9. These are the simple tools with which I work.
10. Who wrote the script of the film in which Amit was the hero?
Chapter 6: Verbs
EXERCISE 1
Rewrite the following sentences placing the Indirect Object next to the verb.
1. Give the key to me.
2. Get a mobile phone for me.
3. He sent rupees one thousand to his son.
4. I gave money to my younger brother.
5. Bring a cup of coffee for the guest.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the brackets.
Columbus in Ship
1. Columbus…………… America. (invented/discovered)
2. Watt…………..the steam engine. (invented/discovered)
3. The child was……………… in the tank. (sunk/drowned)
4. The ship……….. in the sea. (sank/drowned)
5. He……….. in the water . (floated/swam)
6. The leaf………. on the water. (floats/swims)
7. Please……………to me. (listen/hear)
8. The speaker was………….with attention.
(heard/listened)
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box:
Deferred, borrow, fled, bore, dyed
Floated, grab, doubt, differ, flew, lend
Hung, reply, suspect, held, catch, bon
,bear, confessed, owe, bared, admit, lie, laid
raised
Set I
1. He…………….his heart before his mother.
2. She could not……………. the ill treatment of her husband.
3. Nehru was……………… with a silver spoon in his mouth.
4. She…………him three sons.
5. The promotion of the clerk was……….. .
6. On this question my views………………from yours.
7. He has……………….his grey hair.
8. I have yet to ……………..to your letter.
9. The prisoner…………….. from the prison.
10. The aeroplane…………. beyond our sight.
11. I…………….. his success as he hasn't worked hard.
12. The police…………….. his involvement in that murder case.
Set II
1. A dead body ........on the sea-surface.
2. I……………… you a thousand rupees.
3. Would you……………… me your book?
4. Don't…………….. money. Instead, try to do with what you have.
5. The baby………….. his mother's finger.
6. Can you………………… a falling star?
7. The fielder tried his best to…………… the ball but in vain.
8. We…………… our clothes in the cupboard.
9. Let us ……………our mistakes.
10. He ……………his crime.
EXERCISE 4
Rewrite the following sentences correcting the verbs:
1. The robber waived a pistol.
2. I shall not wave my right to this house.
3. I am sorry I cannot exceed to your request.
4. He was charged of theft.
5. He denied to help me.
6. I refuse the statement attributed to me.
7. The ship drowned without a trace.
8. Most of the passengers of the ill-fated ship were sunk.
9. I watched ten thousand daffodils at a glance.
10. I saw and saw but little thought what wealth the show to me had brought.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the verb form of words given in the brackets.
Aung San Suu Kyi who was ………. (birth) in 1945………… (inspiration) all the freedom loving people of the world. Her struggle against the dictatorial rule is completely ………. (just). All the freedom loving people of the world ………. (sympathy) with her. They ………. (critic) the military dictatorship which is ………. (blood) Myanmar Suu Kyi firmly ………. (belief) in a peaceful non-violent struggle. We wish her to ……….(real) her dream of democracy soon.
Suu Kyi was ………. (education) in Nepal and, India. No words are enough ………. to (glory) Suu Kyi's character.
Underline any seven verbs in the following paragraph:
The governor smiled. He asked his servant to bring in the chest. How eagerly the people standing around waited, for the shepherd to be found out! But how great was their disappointment, and even of the king himself. When the chest was opened, no gold or silver or jewels but an old blanket was all that came out.
Chapter 7: Time and Tense
Find the forms of verbs given in the sentences below. A sentence may have more than one verb form.
1. Once, there lived a bird in a forest.
2. I want to know your name.
3. Borrowing and lending are parts of life.
4. I have known him for long.
5. He forgot that I had helped him.
6. He was scared and distressed.
7. Where is your heart?" asked the crocodile.
8. I thought you had it all the time.
9. They set out for a long journey.
10. I had never been to that city before.
Chapter 8: The Primary Auxiliary
Complete the following sentences using be, do or have.
1. Nirmal ………….. a doctor.
2. Sorry. I ………….. late.
3. She ………….. a house in Delhi.
4. Will you ………….. a drink
5. I ………….. time to do some work now.
6. He …………..a racing bike when he was young.
7. They …………..a fierce argument on the subject.
8. Can I …………..a word with you please?
9. …………..you still that old coat of yours?
10. When he …………..young, he was looked after by his uncle.
11. Normally I …………..my breakfast while I …………..watching T.V.
12. They…………..everything they could to help.
13. I’ll ................ the shopping tomorrow.
14. She said that she …………..plenty of time to do the cooking.
15. The company………….. a lot of work for charity.
Chapter 9: Simple And Continuous Forms Of The Present Tense
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with the simple present tense of the verbs given in brackets.
1. The sun………….. in the west. (set)
2. The magnet ………….. iron. (attract)
3. They………….. in glass houses. (live)
4. They………….. stones on others. (throw)
5. Fortune………….. the brave. (favour)
6. Barking dogs seldom………….. (bite)
7. He …………..a lot. (eat)
8. The children …………..to eat sweets. (like)
9. They …………..English at school. (learn)
10. Who………….. you Maths? (teach)
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the proper form of the verbs given in the brackets:
1. Rain …………..from the clouds. (fall)
2. Death …………..to everyone sooner or later. (come)
3. The shop …………..at 9 o'clock. (open)
4. London …………..on the Thames. (stand)
5. This road …………..from Delhi to Chandigarh. (run)
6. Do you………….. coffee ? (drink)
7. Does she …………..gold? (wear)
8. I………….. a train coming. (see)
(wear)
9. We …………..to Delhi on Sunday. (go)
10. The Indians …………..in India. (live)
11. Mr. Sharma………….. to the office by bus. (go)
12. We………….. to Shimla for a week every year. (go)
13. A vegetarian is a person who never …………..meat. (eat)
14. An honest person always………….. the truth. (tell)
15. I………….. my breakfast at 8 am. (take)
16. There are some birds which………….every year. (migrate)
17. A person who ………….ladies hats is called a milliner. (sell)
18. My brother…………. to the cinema every Sunday. (go)
19. Wagha Border………… India from Pakistan. (separate)
20. ………….you…………. football? (play)
EXERCISE 3
Using the question words given in the brackets and taking help from the words printed in bold letters, frame questions to which the following may be suitable answers.
Example:
Mohan wants a pair of glasses. (what)
What does Mohan want?
1. The child needs its mother. (what)
2. I gather that you are worried. (what)
3. I live in Delhi. (where)
4. They received everyone very respectfully. (how)
5. He teaches English to the villagers. (whom)
6. The train leaves at 7 p.m. (when)
7. There are fifty two cards in the pack. (how many)
8. A camel can drink twenty litres of water at a time. (how much)
9. He keeps fast once a week. (how often)
10. These are Mohan's books. (whose)
EXERCISE 4
Rewrite the following passage using the correct form of the verbs given in brackets in the simple present Tense.
Mohan …………… (have) two brothers. These three brothers …………… (have) two sisters. The elder sister …………… (live) in Ranchi. …………… you (know) that Ranchi is the city where Dhoni …………… (live)? I …………… (love) cricket. So………………. Mohan (do). Which game…………. you……………..(love)? Who …………… (be) your icon?
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the progressive forms of the words given in the brackets. Where it is not possible you may use the simple present form.
1. The cat ……………milk. (drink)
2. Jack…………. by the fire. (stand)
3. Are you ……………coffee ? (drink)
4. You're…………… things. (see)
5. He…………… at the bottle. (smell)
6. I…………… hungry. (be)
7. We…………… for Delhi next week. (leave)
8. When…………… you ……………to see us?
(come)
9. My aunt ……………with us for a few weeks.
(stay)
10. The workmen ……………the road today.
(repair)
11. He…………… his lunch at the moment.
(take)
12. The child…………… . (cry)
13 . The sun…………… in the east. (rise)
14. The train……………at eight in the evening.
(leave)
15. He never……………his fault. (admit)
16. I……………for an hour after my lunch. (sleep)
17. Why……………the child………………? (cry)
18. She…………… a guest whenever she has one. (welcome)
19. Please……………no noise. The child is sleeping. (make)
20. Honesty……………the best policy. (be)
EXERCISE 6
Rewrite these sentences after correcting the mistakes if any:
1. I am smelling something burning.
Ans. I smell something burning.
2. I am thinking you are right.
3. Why are you always disobeying your parents?
4. There is going the bus.
5. Here is coming the bride.
6. My house is standing on the sea-shore.
7. I am seeing a man crossing the road.
8. I am hearing that he has passed.
9. I am feeling like sleeping.
10. The sooner you are doing it, the better it is.
11. All that is glittering is not gold.
12. He is knowing me well.
13. I am fearing that an accident might happen.
14. Are you finding any fault in this programme?
Chapter 10: Simple And Continuous Forms Of The Past Tense
EXERCISE 1
Change the tense of the following passage into the simple past.
The Waiter
Three men in a cafe order a meal, the total cost of which is ₹ 15. Each contributes ₹ 5. The waiter takes the money to the chef who recognizes the three as his friends and asks the waiter to return ₹ 5 to them.
The waiter is not only poor at mathematics but dishonest too. Instead of taking the trouble of splitting the ₹ 5 among the three, he simply gives them ₹ 1 each and pockets the remaining ₹ 2.
Now, each of the men has effectively paid ₹ 4, the total paid amount is therefore ₹ 12. Add the ₹ 2 in the waiter's pocket and the total comes to ₹ 14….. . ₹ 15? Where has the other ₹ 1 gone from the original ?
EXERCISE 2
Correct the sentences given below:
1. We have had a very fine holiday last summer.
2. I have taken my meals an hour ago.
3. I have had my scooter serviced yesterday.
4. She has slept for eight hours last right.
5. I have seen that film last Sunday.
6. It has taken me an hour to write a letter this morning.
7. Do you know whether the doctor was here yet?
8. It has rained everyday last week.
9. He always spoke the truth since I met him.
10. He never cheated me yet.
EXERCISE 3
Frame questions for which the following sentences are the answers:
Example
1. The British ruled Sri Lanka also.
Ans. Did the British rule Sri Lanka also?
2. India became independent in 1947.
Ans. When did India become independent?
3. Pakistan didn't give MFN status to India.
Ans. Did Pakistan give MFN status to India?
1. My mother went to market everyday.
2. He answered the question correctly.
3. His uncle visited them yesterday?
(Start your answer with ‘when’)
4. I stayed with my uncle in Delhi?
(Start with ‘where’)
5. He solved his problems with the help of a computer? (Start with ‘how’)
6. Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.
(Start with ‘who’)
7. Pakistan did not believe in terrorism.
EXERCISE 4
Complete the sentences using simple past in one space and the past continuous in the other.
1 When she realized, I…………. at her she away. (look, turn)
2. When he………… in hospital, we ………… everyday.(be, visit)
3. Kalam suddenly………… while he………… to the students. (collapse, speak)
4. He………… the scene which………… very beautiful. (watch, be)
5. When his mother ………… in the other direction, the child………… away very quietly.
(look, go)
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the simple past or the progressive past tense of the verbs given in the brackets.
Set I
1 He………….. the road and …………..on the other side. (cross, stand)
2. When we came here, the sun………….. .
(shine)
3. The students………….. while the teacher.
(hear, speak)
4. While running, he …………..and………….. .
(slip, injure)
5. My father was ninety when he ………….. . (die)
6. The student next to me………….. to cheat in the examination. (try)
7. When we reached the station, we saw that the train………….. . (leave)
8. Mohan …………..when a bus …………..him down. (run, knock)
9. I could not………….. what the teacher………….. . (follow, say)
10. When the chief guest………….. on the stage, the students……………… . (come, clap)
11. While I………….., I suddenly………….. a loud shout. (study, hear)
12. I asked my friend whether he …………..for a job. (look)
13. The Titanic………….. while the passengers…………..(sink cry)
14. Last year …………… Elephanta Caves and saw that a part of it…………. . (visit, crumble)
15. When I…………. home, the mother………… . (reach, cook)
Set II
1. When the teacher…………….. the students……………..talking. (come, stop)
2. He…………….. the room in much rage.
(leave)
3. While he…………….. a shout from behind ……………..him. (walk, stop)
4. The sound of the noise…………….. the patient. (disturb)
5. When he…………….. off his cap, I realised that his hair…………….. grey. (take, go)
6. She……………..a lot of money for that picture.(pay)
7. There was a time when pigeons……………..
the letters. (carry)
8. A school boy ……………..a drunkard lying on the road. (see)
9. We……………..someone opening the gate.
(see)
10. When he…………….. I was
……………..the lawn. (arrive, mow)
Underline five simple and continuous forms of past tense.
It was on April 10, 1912; the Titanic was sailing for New York from Southampton. At that time she was the largest ship in the world built in a very special way. So she was regarded as unsinkable. At that moment the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 891. Four days after her setting out, a great disaster happened. At that moment a huge iceberg was spotted very close to the ship. The great ship turned sharply to avoid a collision. Suddenly there was a slight trembling sound from below. The alarm had been given. The captain went down to see what had happened. Five of the ships sixteen watertight compartments were totally damaged by the collision. So the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly. This happened causing the death of 1500 passengers and crew. Only 705 people survived to tell the tale. When the ship started, it had 2228 people on board.
Chapter 11: The Perfect Tense
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks in the sentences below using either the simple past or the present perfect tense (whichever you think is correct) of the verb given at the end.
1. We…………. to this city last evening. (come)
2. My friend ………… unwell last Sunday. (be)
3. I………… a better teacher yet. (not meet)
4. …………you………… your brother at the station? (receive)
5. …………you………… the film that is showing at Regal? (see)
6. I………… this college in 2010 and …………here ever since. (enter, be)
7. I………… from him since long. (not hear)
8. Last month I………… to visit Mr. Misra. (go)
9. Tulsidas………… in seventeenth century.
(live)
10. I…………to him last week but he …………not………… yet. (write, have, reply)
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks using either the past or the past perfect tense of the verbs in the brackets.
Set I
1. He………… his case and …………to borrow money. (lose, have)
2. The train………… when I………… the station.
(leave reach)
3. I………… the station after the train………… . (reach leave)
4. He………… out of the class but the teacher …………about it. (slip, not know)
5. The mechanic………… the car before
I ………… on him. (repair call)
6. He…………left for work before I………… up.
(leave, get)
7. They …………the dinner after the priest………… his. (take, take)
8. As soon as she………… the news, she …………bitterly. (hear, weep)
9. He………… although the doctors …………of his survival. (die, assure)
10. The letter …………me after someone ………… it. (reach, read)
11. Although he………… India once, he …………to come here again. (visit, decide)
12. The doctor………… after the patient……….. . (arrive, die)
13. I …………reading when a sudden noise ………… me. (start, disturb)
14. I …………hardly………… the station when the train……………. . (have, reach, whistle)
15. Mohan …………his homework before he ………… to bed. (do, go)
Set II
1. He………… very well before appearing in the examination. (prepare)
2. The speaker …………to speak after the guests had …………their seats. (start, take)
3. Sarla …………up her mind before Shyam …………to her with a proposal. (make, come)
4. The mother…………her food after all others………… . (take, eat)
5. Lata …………to see me yesterday. (come)
6. He………… only after his father………… . (many, consent)
7. Paul…………to see my father but the father………… already. (come, leave)
8. India…………freedom in 1947. (achieve)
9. He …………a lot of money after his father.
(inherit, die)
10. The car …………after the diver…………
brakes. (stop, apply)
EXERCISE 3
Insert the correct form of the auxiliary in the following sentences in order to complete the sense:
1. The dog has been quiet most of the day but it ………… barking now.
2. The child ………… crying for long.
3. He………… waiting for quite some time.
4. The doctor………… visiting his patients all the day.
5. The Sharmas………… coming to dinner this evening.
6. My son………… on the job for the last two years.
7. When I first met him, Mr Pal…………….
working in Sonepat.
8. The sick man……………. improving steadily all the week.
9. The baby………..sleeping ever since eight o'clock.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blank spaces with the correct tense of the verb given in brackets.
1. I………… nothing to do since I woke up in the morning. (have)
2. The city……….. much since last I …………..it.
(change, visit)
3. Now more than six decades………….. since that soft and shining January evening when the Mahatma …………..his death through the roses. (pass, walk)
4. His health…………………greatly since he ……… surgery. (improve, undergo)
5. We………….. not ……..since last Dewali. (meet)
6. Ever since he ……….that accident, he …………with a limp. (have, walk)
7. I……………. more highly of him as an actor since I……………. his last film. (think, see)
8. Since Monu …………..to that school he…………..rapid progress. (go, make)
9. He……………three jobs since he…….. work five years ago. (change, start)
10. Since her son …………..she …………very unhappy. (die, be)
Chapter 12: Expressing The Future
EXERCISE 1
Complete the following sentences to indicate future. You may use any of the forms mentioned above (whichever you think more likely.)
1. Get out of the building. It………… . (fall)
2. I………….. when I reach 60. (retire)
3. He has an idea. He…………. home across the park. (walk)
4. Next year, no doubt, more people…………. the competition. (enter)
5. I……….. him at the railway station. (receive)
6. Don't sit on that bench. I ……………….it. (paint)
7. I am afraid, I……………….. . (collapse)
8. The school …………… on 2nd January. (re-open)
9. I am sure you……………….. here. (be)
10. Rajdhani express for Mumbai ……………. at 10:30 am. (leave)
11. The price of milk ………………..again. (increase)
12. The P.M ………….. U.A.E on 16th and 17th of August. (visit)
13. We …………. U.S. next summer. (visit)
14. He …………… to take the test next month. (plan)
15. You……………. your gift before your birthday. (get)
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with correct tense form of the verbs given in the brackets. (Future continuous)
1. Dinesh………… for us at the appointed time. (wait)
2. When Sarla calls on me, I…………. my clothes. (iron)
3. The gardener ………….the plants next month. (water)
4. Sonu………… his lesson tomorrow at this time. (revise)
5. Mohini………… tea when you enter her room. (make)
6. The patient………. rest when the doctor arrives. (take)
7. We ………….our guest tomorrow morning.
(welcome)
8. At 11.30 on Sunday my brother ..............for U.S. (leave)
9. He…………….. a nap in the afternoon. (have)
10. The people ………….in the club this evening. (assemble)
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with the Future Perfect form of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. I ………….. my bath by 8 am.
2. Before I enter the class, the teacher……… a lot already.
3. We……………..our lessons twice before March.
4. He……………….before you go to see him.
5. By the end of the year I……………… this book.
6. Next year my parents ……….married for twenty years.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with appropriate verb forms of the future perfect continuous tense.
1. Akshya……………. for her entrance examination for a year before deciding to go for it. (prepare)
2. This festival…………..on for several days by the first week of November. (go)
3. When you come to India, I………………. U.S. (visit)
4. You………………. this book for an hour by 10 am. (read)
5. By April end, we…………. our long vacation in Brindavan. (spend)
6. They………….for an hour before you reach the office. (work)
7. By next week he………… here for a year. (live)
8. The workers…………….for six days before the manager comes to meet them. (agitate)
9. When he reaches the age of 16, he ……….. in this school for six years. (read)
10. Someone………… to see you for an hour before you go to meet him. (wait)
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the future tense of the verbs given in brackets.
1. When we wake up in the morning, the sun will be shining. (shine)
2. My sister…………. at the concert at 6 o'clock this evening. (recite)
3. We…………….. there again. (not go)
4. I………… to cinema with my friends this evening. (go)
5. By the time you arrive, I………… the work. (finish)
6. ………………. I …………….the window, please? (shut)
7. Where…………….. we …………….. for picnic? (go)
8. The cricket match………….. in three hours from now. (finish)
9. My father……………… ninety one this January. (be)
10. Your hair………….. grey by the time you are sixty. (turn)
EXERCISE 6
Put a tick against the future tense clause that may be used to complete each sentence.
1. If you ask us,
(a) we shall do it.
(b) we do it.
(c) we would do it.
2. When it rains,
(a) they climbed the stairs.
(b) they will climb the stairs.
(c) they had climbed the stairs.
3. I shall have reached there,
(a) before the meeting started.
(b) before the meeting had started.
(c) before the meeting starts.
4. He will be travelling,
(a) since March.
(b) next month.
(c) when the sun shone.
5. They will serve him,
(a) yesterday.
(b) when he called on him.
(c) when he goes there.
6. Before I reach the station,
(a) the train will have left.
(b) the train is leaving.
(c) the train left.
7. When we reach Mumbai,
(a) it will be raining.
(b) it rained.
(c) it rains.
8. It seems as if,
(a) he were going home.
(b) he wants to go home.
(c) he will be on his way home.
9. Ram and Mohan,
(a) go to Delhi daily.
(b) will be going to Delhi daily.
(c) would have gone to Delhi daily.
10. The conference will start,
(a) when the chief guest arrived.
(b) when the chief guest arrives.
(c) when the chief guest will arrive.
EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with the future continuous tense of the verbs given in the brackets:
1. He…………… a meeting this evening. (attend)
2. Ram…………………. a match next Sunday. (play)
3. The chief guest…………….. soon. (arrive)
4. In Mumbai, I…………….. in a hotel. (live)
5. I …………….. to meet my parents, when the examinations are over. (go)
Chapter 13: Modals
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences using the verbs given in brackets along with should, ought to, will or would whichever you think best. You can use other helping verbs or prepositions if request
1. The soup is too salty! You........ it back. (send)
2. This medicine……………. kept in a cool place. (be)
3. I…………….. at home today, if I were you. (be)
4. She……………… for me, even though I often asked her to. (not sing)
5. When in town, he ……………..to see me everyday after work. (come)
6. She……………… what was wrong when I asked her. (not say)
7. Children……………… to cook at an early age. (learn)
8. We……………… a taxi when it rained. (take)
9. You ............. to visit Kashmir, it's a beautiful place. (try)
10. Your information ………….details of time-table. (include)
EXERCISE 2
If possible, complete the sentences with either will or would followed by the bare infinitive form of the verb in brackets. If not, use the simple past form of the bracketed verb to complete the sentence.
1. Every morning soon after bath she…………… getting things ready for breakfast.
(start)
2. After reading about her in a magazine. I …………… to meet Malaya myself. (want)
3. Every day about midnight, he…………… talking in his sleep which is very annoying. (start)
4. He…………… work in 2015 as a teacher in Delhi. (begin)
5. When I was younger, I…………… hours playing football in the garden. (spend)
6. Even though it's freezing cold, some people …………… just jeans and a T-shirt,
(wear)
7. There is a boy in my class who …………… most ridiculous questions. (ask)
8. Everywhere he went, people…………… his name and asked for his autograph. (call out)
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with may/might/can/could.
1. The lion………… be recognised by its roar.
2. It's a festive occasion The school………… be closed.
3. The weather is very bad. The train …………be late.
4. I think I saw her in the market. She …………not be at home.
5. I think you………… enjoy yourself if you join the club
6. ………… it be that you don't want to help them?
7. He thought he was right but he …………have been wrong.
8. The plan …………have gone wrong but fortunately it was a great success.
9. They………… have chosen anyone for the job but they picked me.
10. Look, I …………swim.
11. You………… count on me to help with the party.
12. His injuries are severe. I wonder if he …………work again.
13. Though there was snowfall, we …………drive home in less than an hour.
14. I was hopeless at sports. I………… not throw a ball properly.
EXERCISE 4
Complete the blanks in the following using must, mustn't or needn't.
1. He is not in the office. He………… have gone home.
2. The patient is serious. He………… be taken to hospital.
3. I've to take the test. I …………be disturbed.
4. …………...you pay all your debit at once?
5. …………she be told everything in detail?
6. I think Anbari………… be very rich.
7. I have enough money. I …………ask my father for more money this month.
8. Since we have everything we require, we …………go to the market today.
9. The weather is fine. You………… take the umbrella.
10. You………… alcohol when you drive.
11. Nehru………… have taken Kashmir problem to UN.
12. You………… keep the medicines where children can get them.
13. You………… have any qualification to be a politician.
14. Newsрареrs …………mislead the public.
15. Now that it has been eradicated, doctors …………vaccinate against smallpox.
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks by selecting a suitable word for each blank from the given words.
1. We………… love our country. (ought to, dare, used to)
2. ………… I come in, sir? (Could, Might, May)
3. I ………… oppose my father. (needn't daren't, mustn't)
4. As a child, I …………go to school every day. (could would, should)
5. It's rather late. I …………leave at once. (should, must, would)
6. We …………obey our teachers. (should, would, might)
7. Last year she …………wear the same dress in every party. (ought to, dare, would)
8. He………… speak rudely to me. (wouldn't, daren't, needn't)
9. It became so dark that we …………see the path. (might, couldn't would)
10. If you asked him again, he ………… refuse. (would, might, needn't)
11. …………his soul rest in peace! (May, Might, Can)
12. You …………do it, if you tried hard. (can, could, may)
13. …………I have a word with you? (Should, Would, Could)
14. He said that he………… climb up the hill. (should, couldn't, shall)
15. …………I say that I love you. (Needn't. Need, Would)
EXERCISE 6
Read the following letter and fill in the blanks with appropriate modals. Sometimes more than one modal may be possible.
Dear Sonu,
(1) …………I take this opportunity to congratulate you on your admission to your school hostel.
I (2) …………also like to make a few suggestions.
You (3) …………avoid the company of bad boys. You (4) ………… quarrel with them, simply ignore them.
In any case you (5) ………… waste a single minute. You………… (6) devote yourself to your studies with all the power at your command.
However, you (7) ………… ignore games. You (8) ………… reserve an hour of your evening for them.
You (9) …………play any of your favourite games during this hour.
You (10) ………… obey the rules of the hostel. As for the expenses, you (11) …………worry at all. I (12) …………take care of them.
Your loving brother,
RK
Exercise 14: Non-Finites
EXERCISE 1
Underline verbs in the following passage.
Write ‘F’ for the finite verbs and ‘N’ for the non-finite verbs.
Liu Cixin, a Chinese science fiction writer has been honoured with the 2015 Hugo Award becoming the first Asian to win it.
He did so when he went to Washington to receive the award in a glittering ceremony on August 23, 2015. The World Science Fiction Convention celebrated its 73rd anniversary giving the award for Cixin's bestseller ‘The Three-Body Problem’. The book is a story depicting an alien civilization's invasion of Earth during China's Culture Revolution. It centres on a secret military project to enable humans to establish contact with a civilization teetering on the edge of extinction. The series portrays the centuries of clashes between earthlings and the civilization living in a three sun system.
EXERCISE 2
Rewrite the following sentences starting with a dummy subject (it).
1. To walk on the green grass is wrong.
2. To tell a lie is immoral.
3. To educate the young is very important.
4. To be such a miser would be a pity.
5. To be the ruler is a common desire.
6. To stand first requires hard work.
7. To walk alone in the jungle is not safe.
8. To be so rich needs luck and pluck.
9. To be loved is a human desire.
10. To love dogs and hate humans is a pity.
EXERCISE 3
Combine the following pairs of sentences using infinitives.
1. This room is small. Three persons cannot live in it.
2. It is dark. I cannot see anything.
3. She is careless. She cannot be relied upon.
4. I am strong. I can walk long distances.
5. He is intelligent. He can see through your tricks.
6. He is not careful. He cannot be relied upon.
EXERCISE 4
Combine each set of sentences into one simple sentence as in the examples.
Examples.
(1) He went to the field. He wanted to play.
Ans. He went to the field to play.
(ii) The box is too heavy .I cannot lift it.
Ans. The box is too heavy for me to lift.
() There is a class. I have to attend it.
Ans. I have to attend a class.
1. He went to Agra. He wanted to see the Taj Mahal.
2. There is a public meeting .The Prime Minister will address it.
3. He has applied for a job. He wants to earn money.
4. His uncle will hear of his marriage. He will be delighted.
5. He has a large family. He has to look after it.
6. The patient is still very weak. He cannot walk.
7. The stick is quite strong. I cannot break it.
8. I have money. I can buy my choicest books. (Hint: Use enough)
9. He speaks in India's favour .He is not afraid of it.
10. The work is very hard. I cannot do it alone.
11. There is plenty of food. We can eat it.
12. We have some good news. We want to tell you about it.
13. There is work. I don't know how to do it.
14. I am glad. I can see you.
15. The officer is very honest. He cannot accept bribe.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words given in brackets.
1. Tell him he may…………. if he likes. (leave)
2. How dare you…………. to me in that tone? (speak)
3. They did not seem …………. us. (notice)
4. Hadn't we better now………….? (begin)
5. If you don't mind, I'd rather …………on singing. (go)
6. Will you …………me another cup? (give)
7. You needn't …………yourself again. (trouble)
8. He did everything but …………the officer. (bribe)
9. You did more than …………me money. (lend)
10. I'd sooner………… than do wrong. (resign)
11. The magician made us…………(laugh)
12. Please let me …………you. (help)
13. He saw me………… the house. (enter)
14. I bade him not…………so. (do)
15. He came to Delhi………… him. (meet)
EXERCISE 6
Rewrite these sentences replacing the infinitive by a gerund in each sentence.
1. The children like to play with toys.
2. These days the boys also love to dance.
3. As soon as he saw the policeman, he began to run.
4. Most children dislike to go to school.
5. I prefer to take my dinner early.
6. He continued to walk for a long time.
7. I forgot to close the door.
8. I remember to wash my hands before taking meals.
9. The speaker went on to speak about his life.
10. I do not intend to borrow money.
EXERCISE 7
Rewrite the sentences using the words given in brackets. Do not change the meaning of the sentences
Example
I wish I hadn't sold my bicycle. (regret)
I regret selling my cycle.
Onkar could not pay his bills in time. (fail)
Onkar failed to pay his bills in time.
(a) People present there laughed at his behaviour. (help)
(b) I hate to get up early in the morning. (think)
(c) By chance I saw the notice yesterday. (happened)
(d) I usually get up early on weekdays. (tend)
(e) Would you like to go for a walk? (fancy)
(f) I continuously looked at the divine beauty of the snow-clad mountains. (keep)
EXERCISE 8
Mrs. Rao and Vijaya are at the bus stop. Vijaya is going on a study tour. You can use the infinitive with or without -to and complete the conversation.
Mrs. Rao: Are you sure you will be able (1) ……. (manage)?
Vijaya: Of course, mama. I am not a child. I can manage (2) ……. (look)
after myself and my friends.
Mrs. Rao: Did you remember (3) ……. (pack) all your medicines?
Vijaya: Of course yes! I didn't even forget (4) …….(pack) my World Atlas.
Mrs. Rao: And your story books?
Vijaya: I can't read while travelling. It makes me (5) …….(feel) sick.
Mrs. Rao: We have lots of friends in Pantnagar. Give them a ring as soon as you reach there.
Vijaya: It will be exciting (6) …….(see) our old friends again.
Mrs. Rao: I know you are going (7) …….
(have) lots of fun. Let me (8) …….(put) a pocket calender for you in case you forget the date of your return journey.
Vijaya: No kidding mama. I'll miss you. Well, you better (9) ……. (go) now. We are about (10) ……. (leave).
Mrs. Rao: Don't forget (11) ……. (keep) us informed. Have a nice journey.
EXERCISE 9
Use the appropriate forms of the verbs given in the bracket.
(a) I like………… my room clean. (keep)
(b) Bela suggested …………to the doctor now. (go)
(c) …………recklessly on the highway is dangerous. (drive)
(d) I hate………social issues with irrational people. (discuss)
(e) I prefer storybooks to …………my textbooks. (study)
(f) ………….the stolen car wasn't easy for the police. (find)
(g) Are you interested in………. a computer? (buy)
(h) The teacher warned her against………..late. (be)
EXERCISE 10
Read the following sentences carefully.
I saw a running train.
He saved a drowning man.
I've read an interesting novel.
She is a fascinating person.
Now add present participles to the following nouns as shown in the above examples. Put an article where required.
(a) ………………….personality
(b) ………………….story
(c) ………………….match
(d) ………………….son
(e) ………………….car
(f) ………………….star
EXERCISE 11
Join the following sentences using a present-participle as in the example.
Examples:
We walked along the footpath.
We saw an accident.
While walking along the footpath, we saw an accident.
Note: Out of the two actions, which takes place first, is changed into a present participle.
(a) He stood by the side of a temple. He asked people to go in.
(b) She came out of the room. She greeted the visitors.
(c) He heard the news. He started crying.
(d) He found the lock broken. He rang up the police.
(e) He felt sleepy. He went to bed.
EXERCISE 12
Look at the sentences given below.
He gave me two buttered toasts.
The defeated team could not enjoy the dinner.
This house has glazed doors.
Now add past participles to the nouns as in the above examples.
(a) a……………..pencil
(b) a……………..sweater
(c) a……………..tile
(d) a……………..monument
(e) a ……………..child
(f) ……………..a leg
EXERCISE 13
Join the following sentences using a past-participle as in the example.
Example:
He went to the airport.
He was escorted by his bodyguard.
He went to the airport, escorted by his bodyguard.
Note: The actions happened simultaneously in the above two sentences.
(a) He was convinced that he was right. He refused to agree with them.
(b) He was awarded a prize for his science model. He was very happy.
(c) He went on a tour to Singapore. He was accompanied by his wife.
(d) He was convicted by the High Court. He decided to appeal to the Supreme Court.
(e) He was excited about the football match. He could not sleep throughout the night.
Chapter 15: Active And Passive Voice
EXERCISE 1
Use the words given below and frame sentences using the passive forms of the verbs.
Examples:
1. Rice/cultivate/Gangetic valley and coastal region. (Simple Present)
Ans. Rice is cultivated in Gangetic valley and coastal region
2. The documents/sign/Principal. (Present Perfect)
Ans. The documents have been signed by the Principal.
(a) Taj Mahal/build/Shahjahan. (Simple Past)
(b) Malaria virus/transmit/female Anopheles mosquito. (Simple Present)
(c) The case/solve/police and two persons arrest. (Present Perfect)
(d) Many houses/and lives/destroy/the volcanic eruption in Mt. Etna. (Simple Past)
(e) The ultra-violet rays/prevent/the ozone layer/entering the earth's surface. (Simple Present)
(f) The field/convert/playground. (Present Perfect)
EXERCISE 2
Rewrite the following sentences using passive constructions.
Examples:
Someone gave a beautiful bouquet to the President.
Ans. A beautiful bouquet was given to the President.
The cricket World Cup will be held in India. Everyone expects this.
Ans. It is expected that the cricket World Cup will be held in India.
(a) The government has increased the bus fares.
(b) Every child should be educated. People say this.
(c) Anjana has drawn a beautiful portrait.
(d) India has achieved a greater respect in IT industries over the world. Everyone of us feels this.
(e) Graham Bell invented the telephone.
EXERCISE 3
Name the verbs in the following sentences and tell whether they are in the Active or in the Passive voice.
1. The hunter killed the tiger.
2. The officer compelled him to resign.
3. He was bitten by a snake.
4. The money was stolen.
5. Father gave me money.
6. The speech was delivered.
7. Hardik Patel has made a stir in Gujarat.
8. The thief was beaten to death.
9. The poor girl was beaten by her cruel masters.
10. The sudden price-rise has troubled the people.
11. The PM. is admired by all.
12. The gate was opened by the peon.
12. He saw something fishy.
14. He was taken care of.
15. Much of the property was destroyed in the fire.
EXERCISE 4
Change the following into passive voice. Give two sentences for each of the given active voice sentences.
1. The minister refused me audience.
2. Harrick teaches me music.
3. The manager will give you a ticket.
4. Who gave Indrani the power?
5. She handed me the notes.
6. He gave me a shock.
7. I bought the baby a toy.
8. He promised me a present.
9. They asked me my name.
10. I'll buy you a pen.
EXERCISE 5
Change the following sentences into passive voice:
1. They found him guilty of murder.
2. A thunderstorm can turn the milk sour.
3. He saw the storm approaching.
4. They kept me waiting.
5. Who painted the house red?
6. One may accomplish many things by a little effort.
7. We elected Tinku captain.
8. The teacher appointed him monitor.
9. He was refused admittance.
10. Why should you suspect me?
EXERCISE 6 (Modals)
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
Examples:
(i) Someone must do something before it's too late. (Active)
Ans. Something must be done before it's too late. (Passive)
(ii) One can't explain everything. (Active)
Ans. Everything can't be explained. (Passive)
(iii) Someone should have cleaned the room. (Active)
Ans. The room should have been cleaned. (Passive)
(iv) He may allow you to go. (Active)
Ans. You may be allowed to go. (Passive)
(v) He might have known you. (Active)
Ans. You might have been known to him. (Passive)
1 They might have sent the letter to the wrong address.
2. No one should take me for granted.
3. They should have repaired the road before the rainy season.
4. They cannot make me work against my wish.
5. One can't explain a mystery.
6. They may allow him to stay a little longer.
7. How could he deny me help?
8. He could not deny me help?
9. How will you finish the work?
10. I should have spent less money on the ornaments.
EXERCISE 7
Make sentences giving the year of birth of the following which is given in brackets with their names.
Example
Mahatma Gandhi (1865)
Mahatma Gandhi was born in 1869.
1. Walt Disney (1901)
2. Beethoven (1770)
3. Galileo (1564)
4. Martin Luther King (1929)
5. Leonardo da Vinci (1452)
6. William Shakespeare (1564)
EXERCISE 8 (Imperative Sentences)
Convert the following sentences into passive voice.
Examples:
(i) Open the door. (Active)
Ans. Let the door be opened. (Passive)
0r,
You are asked to open the door. (Passive)
(ii) Prepare yourself for the worst. (Active)
Ans. Be prepared for the worst. (Passive)
(iii) Let us forget the past. (Active)
Ans. Let the past be forgotten. (Passive)
(iv) Do not offer eatables to the animals. (Active)
Ans. Let no eatables be offered to the animals. (Passive)
Or
You are advised not to offer eatables to the animals. (Passive)
1. Advertise the post.
2. Covet not wealth nor honour.
3. Lead us from darkness to light.
4. Love your enemies and bless them that curse you.
5. Keep your promise.
6. Strike when the iron is hot.
7. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
8. Do not disturb the class.
9. Attack the enemy.
10. Let me write the letter.
EXERCISE 9
Change the following sentences into passive voice.
Examples
(i) They say there is atmosphere on Mars. (Active)
Ans. It is said that there is atmosphere on Mars. (Passive)
(ii) We hope there will be peace now. (Active)
Ans. It is hoped that there will be peace now. (Passive)
(iii) No one can deny that he tried his best. (Active)
Ans. It cannot be denied that he tried his best. (Passive)
(iv) They say Bajrangi Bhai is a good film . (Active)
Ans. Bajrangi Bhal is said to be a good film. (Passive)
Or
Ans. Bajrangi Bhai is supposed to be a good film. (Passive)
Or
Ans. It is said that Bajrangi Bhai is a good film. (Passive)
1. They say the P.M. works 18 hours a day.
2. When people saw the missing boy last, he was wearing a blue dress.
3. They say that the criminal had kicked a policeman.
4. You cannot deny him anything.
5. People believe that there is a secret tunnel between the two houses.
EXERCISE 10 (Prepositions other than ‘by’)
Change the following sentences into passive voice:
Examples:
(i) I know the minister. (Active)
Ans. The minister is known to me. (Passive)
(ii) This book contains one hundred pages. (Active)
Ans. One hundred pages are contained in this book. (Passive)
(iii) His progress satisfied the teacher. (Active)
Ans. The teacher was satisfied with his progress. (Passive)
(iv) The news surprised me. (Active)
Ans. I was surprised at the news. (Passive)
1. The cry alarmed us.
2. His sudden death astonished everybody.
3. Do you not know him?
4. His welcome pleased everybody.
5. Manish married Sanjaya.
6. His defeat has surprised me.
7. His servant has offended him.
8. His rude behaviour vexed every one.
9. Snow has covered the field.
10. What does the box contain?
EXERCISE 11
Fill in the blanks in the passages given below.
Examples:
(i) I ………..when I was young. (teach)
Ans. I was taught when I was young.
(ii) The gates…………when the water rose high. (open)
Ans. The gates were opened when the water rose high.
(iii) She……… the roll no. when she had paid the fee. (give)
Ans. She was given the roll no when she had paid the fee.
(iv) The result……….rather late. (declare)
Ans. The result was declared rather late.
1. You (1)…………(advise) not to go after someone for a favour. It must (2) ………… (shun). You (3) …………expected to take reverses in your stride. After a hectic time you may (4) …………(plunge) in an even more hectic routine. Don't overspend even if you (5) …………tempted to splurge. Pros and cons must (6) …………(consider) before putting your money into something expensive. You may (7) ………… (persuade) to buy a household item you are not been on but I am afraid little can (8) …………(do) about it.
2. A 60 year old man (1) …………(find) dead in his house. He (2)…………. (strangle) to death. The murder………….
(3) (discover) by a relative.Then the police (4)………… (inform). The entire house (5)………. (ransack) and a large amount of cash and jewellery (6)…………….. (steal). The involvement of the domestic servant (7)
……………. (suspect) by the police. The servant (8)……….. (employ) by the family only recently. It (9)………..(say) that the man (10) …………….(strangulate) by an electric wire.
EXERCISE 12
Rewrite the following notices in passive voice as given in the examples:
Examples:
(i) We do not allow smoking here.
Ans. Smoking is not allowed here.
(ii) Do not try to trespass. It is illegal?
Ans. Trespassers will be prosecuted.
1. No photography please.
2. We do not allow dogs in the hotel.
3. The children below twelve will not get admission.
4. We buy and sell second-hand books.
3. We use only desi ghee in this restaurant.
6. We undertake all types of typing jobs.
7. We do not allow heavy vehicles on this road.
EXERCISE 13
Change the following sentences into Active Voice as given in the examples:
Examples:
(i) The plants are being watered. (Passive)
The gardener is watering the plants. (Active)
(ii) Our note-books are corrected. (Passive)
The teacher corrects our note-books. (Active)
(iii) Dinner had already been cooked by the mother. (Passive)
The mother had already cooked dinner. (Active)
(iv) The match will have been played by 5 O'clock. (Passive)
They will have played the match by 5 O'clock. (Active)
(v) Let the book be opened. (Passive)
Open the book. (Active)
1. I am being helped.
2. We are given pocket money every week.
3. An impressive speech had been made.
4. Parents are generally respected by their children in India.
5. The counting of votes will have been finished by the evening of 23rd.
6. Let nobody be hated.
7. You are requested to lend me your book.
8. How were you deceived?
9. Who is wanted by you?
10. He was listened to attentively.
11. The matter is being enquired into by a police officer.
12. She can be depended upon.
13. She was told to be quick.
14. This e-mail must be sent immediately.
15. Sheena had been brutally murdered in 2012.
Test paper 1
Based on Chapters 1-15
I. Add question-tags to the following sentences:
1. The weather is fine.
2. You know me well.
3. I have hardly any rest.
4. Nobody is perfect.
5.1 am a student.
6. He didn't speak very well.
7. He was always admired.
8. Please, do come in time.
9. He is always late.
10. Let us not do the wrong.
II. Fill in the blanks with the right form of words given in brackets.
1. Soldiers were awarded for their……… . (brave)
2. What is the ………of this room? (long)
3. The servant was charged for the……… (break)
4. ……… are the stepping stones to success.
(fail)
5. Most ……….is feigning. (friend)
6. …………. breeds contempt. (familiar)
7. A little……….is a dangerous thing.
(know)
8. Who wants to live in …………..? (bond)
9. His ………was heard with attention. (speak)
10. What is the time of the train's……… ?
(depart)
III. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct word from the brackets.
1. He had……… doubts about you.
(some, any, few)
2. We haven't got……… butter left.
(some, any, little)
3. The talks went on ………at length.
(some, little, few, any)
4. She gave me ………money she had.
(little, few, the little, the few)
5. I hope he will stay longer.
(few, a few, little, a little)
6. He was confused and had……… idea of what he was doing. (little, a little, a few, a few)
7. I am ………. than my sister. (older, eider)
8. I'll see you in the ………..part of the week. (later, latter)
9. What is the ……….news? (last, latest)
10. Who entered the building………? (last, latest)
IV. Fill in the blanks in the passage below with articles.
My brother lives in a large house built of stone. He works in (1)……….local office of (2)………..ICICI Bank which is situated in (3)………….East Street. He goes there by bus and stays there all day. When he comes home in (4)…………. evening he has (5) ……….cup of coffee which refreshes him. After having (6) ………. meal, he sits down to read (7)………. newspaper. When he has finished (8)…………. Newspaper, he sits watching TV.
.
V. Combine the following pairs of sentences using a relative pronoun.
1. I know the student. He has stood first.
2. Mohan was late. He was punished.
3. I say something. I mean it.
4. You want something. Tell me.
5. India has produced Sania Mirza. She is the best ever lady tennis player of the country.
6. Everyone wants to live. No one is an exception.
7. He is a man. I like him.
8. I have only one friend. It is you.
9. Many things glitter. All of them are not gold.
10. Gandhiji did many things. None of them was selfish.
VI. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of one of the words given in the brackets.
1. He………….the limit. (accede, exceed)
2. He will not ……….his body in public. (bare, bear)
3. He was………… in 1989. (affect, effect)
4. Many Indians are…………by drinking. (bear, wear)
5. She always ………….innocence whenever she is asked about her brother. (feign, fain)
VII. Complete the following sentences using 'be, do, or have in their proper forms.
1. …………you still a student?
2. So far, I…………never…………late for the class.
3. Will he…………in the office in time?
4. When do you …………your lunch?
5. They…………their best to help me.
VIII. Correct the following sentences.
1. Look there the train is going.
2. I am thinking I should go.
3. I have felt sick yesterday.
4. I always found him good since I first met him.
5. I never was in Mumbai yet.
IX. Fill in the blanks in the following using modals.
1. We …………not ask for a rise for fear of losing the job.
2. Play well so that you …………win the match.
3. You…………hurry. There is enough time
4. …………you lend me a hundred pees?
5. We…………hurry. We are late.
6. You…………be mad to do thin.
7. You………… go anywhere you like.
8. …………you disturb me while I am working?
9. …………I shut the door?
10. As for the expenses, you…………worry.
X. Below you can see some instructions for making tea. Complete the paragraph below the instructions based on them.
1. Boil water in a kettle.
2. Rinse the tea pot with boiling water.
3. Put two spoonfuls of tea leaves in the tea pot.
4. Now pour about two cups of boiling water into the pot and close it with the lid.
5. Let tea brew for a couple of minutes.
6. Boil milk and put it into the milk pot.
7. Put a spoonful of sugar in each of the two cups.
8. Pour tea into the cups.
9. Add some milk to give tea a proper colour.
10. Stir the material of the cups with a spoon.
11. Tea is ready for being served.
Water (1)……….in a kettle and the teapot (2) ……….with the boiling water. Two spoonfuls of tea (3)………. in the teapot. The boiling water (4)………. into the kettle and (5)……….. with the lid. Mik is also (6)……….and (7)……………into the milk pot. Now tea (8) ……….. into the cups in which some sugar has already been put. Some milk (9) ……….to the tea and (10) ……….. with a tea spoon. Tea is now ready (11) ………….. .
Chapter 16: Adverbs
EXERCISE 1
Identify the adverbs and say what kind of adverbs they are:
She was looking very pale. "It is so kind of you," she said.
"How is your mother Maggie?" He asked.
"She is sleeping now. Her condition is very serious. There is no news from Frank yet. Please come into the room. I'll tell you something there." They tiptoed carefully into the sitting room. He stood in the centre of the room.
"What is it Maggie?" He said.
Maggie gazed up, then covered her face and wept bitterly.
EXERCISE 2
Form adverbs from the following adjectives and use them in sentences of your own:
|
brave serious dreadful frequent artistic |
Skilful beautiful pleasant late delightful
|
terrible good real fortunate elegant
|
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with appropriate adverbs:
1. He came a few minutes……… . (ago, past)
2. Renu came very……… . (late, lately)
3. I haven't seen him……… . (late, lately)
4. He was……… praised. (high, highly)
5. That he worked……… is ……… surprising. (hardly, hard)
6. My house is ……… . (near, nearly)
7. The case has been……… decided. ((near, nearly)
8. The story does not sound………. . (true, truly)
9. ………….begun is hall-done. (good, well)
10. He speaks……………. . (much, many)
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with the proper degree of each adverb in each sentence.
1. He works as……….as he can. (hard)
2. The show began ……….than the scheduled time.(early)
3. He was the ……….among the three. (fast)
4. It's………. to go by train than by car. (cheap)
5. Going by air is………. than going by road. (expensive)
6. Can you walk a bit…………..?(quickly)
7. I know him…………than anybody else. (well)
8. He did……….than expected. (badly)
9. It is a distance………. than I thought of. (far)
10. Last night I went to bed……….than usual. (late)
11. It's very noisy here. Can we go somewhere……….?
(quiet)
12. The coffee is very weak. I like it a bit………. . (strong)
13. The room was………. than expected.
(narrow)
14. I have yet to meet a……….teacher. (well)
EXERCISE 5
Insert the adverbs given in the brackets in their proper positions:
1. Although the boys played our team lost the match. (well)
2. Ishan bowled in Sri Lanka than any other bowler. (faster)
3. She looked for missing parcel without success. (everywhere)
4. The tortoise ran but won the match. (slowly)
5. He is friendly with everyone. (quite)
6. I have seen him near the cinema. (often)
7. He goes to the temple. (daily)
8. I have been to US. (never)
9. I shall be thankful to you for your kindness. (eternally)
10. He visits our place. (rarely)
11. These goods are cheaper and better. (certainly)
12. It is hot today. (quite)
13. He make a very interesting speech. (not)
14. He enjoys an office of mean dignity. (no)
EXERCISE 6
Fill in the blanks with 'quite' or 'rather'.
1. I………..agree with you.
2. The weather has been good. It was ………..a nice day.
3. She often sings. She's got ………..a good voice.
4. We had to walk ………..a long way because the bus-stop wasn't near.
5. I'm tired. I've had ………..a busy day.
6. The car goes ………..well but it's ………..noisy.
7. The trip was ………..long but……….. interesting.
8. Rajkumar is……….. slow but he's……….. a hard worker.
9. I was ………..disappointed with the meeting but Neeru was pleased.
10. It's……….. a well-paid job but needs hard work.
EXERCISE 7
Fill in the blanks with very, much, too, enough or quite.
1. I am……….. thankful to you for your kindness.
2. What the chief has said is ………..true.
3. I am ………..well. How are you?
4. She loves me……….. a lot.
5. I am ………..disgusted at his failure.
6. It's ………..good to be true.
7. ………..much of everything is bad.
8. I've ………..money to feed myself.
9. I have ………..money for my present use, you needn't bother.
10. The coffee is ………..hot for me to drink.
11. We were ………..scared to make a reply.
12. I was conscious……….. to see that someone was coming.
13. It was not cold……….. to wear the coat.
14. It's ………..possible that you didn't see me.
15. They spoke ………..quickly for us to understand.
Chapter 17: Prepositions
EXERCISE 1
Underline the prepositions in the following passage
They formed the Hindustan Republican Association. Shachindra Nath Sanyal was the founder of this organisation. Their objective was to win freedom for the country through armed revolution. The association published a manifesto called Krantikari in 1825 advocating the elimination of inequality and slavery. On 19th December 1927, Ashfaqulla Khan was hanged to death at district jail Faizabad for the Kakori train robbery case. The whole country protested against the death sentences. Petitions were made to the Viceroy to change the death sentence into a life sentence. Even the Privy Council was approached. The British imperialism was however, thirsting for the blood of the Indian revolutionaries. When Ashfaq was brought to gallows he said, "My hands are not soiled with the murder of man, God will give me justice." He then prayed to the almighty and went down the plank on which he stood after the hangman's noose came around his neck.
Ashfaq's devotion to the cause of freedom made him the foremost among those who gave their lives to win the freedom of the country. Love for the motherland, clear thinking, courage, firmness and loyalty were embodied in Ashfaq. He deserves to be remembered and cherished by all Indians for his noble qualities.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions:
1. Gandhiji was born ……….1869 and died ……….1948.
2. Bhagat Singh was hanged ……….the reign of the British.
3. My birthday falls………. December 25.
4. The aeroplane leaves………. 2.30 and arrives in Mumbai ……….6.15.
5. I call and see the minister………. Sunday ……….three o'clock.
6. You must come back ……….6 o'clock.
7. He came to see me ……….my absence.
8. I can only stay ……….a few minutes.
9. Mughal Gardens will be open for public ,……….Wednesday next,……….10 a.m.
10. Please let me have your answer ,……….the end of the month at the latest.
11. I'll not leave the place,………. my brother arrives.
12. Let us wait .........it stops raining.
13. He has gone and will be away ,……….Monday.
14. Don't pay the bill today. Wait ,……….tomorrow.
EXERCISE 3
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions of place:
1. There is no one,………. the room.
2. What have you got,………. your head?
3. Who is that man standing ,……….the bus stop?
4. Write your name,………. the top of the page.
5. There is a spider crawling,………. the wall.
6. Have you seen the notice ,……….the notice board.
7. I prefer to sit ,……….the first row.
8. Look at yourself a mirror
9. In India we drive ,……….the left.
10. It was a long journey. We were ,……….sea for 30 days.
11. I love swimming ,……….the sea.
12. There is a sweet shop just ,……….the temple
13. An old building is located,………. the left and a library ,……….the right.
14. These two boys sit in the class ,……….each other.
EXERCISE 4
Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions.
1. He ran ,……….the field five times.
2. He swam,………. the pond and came to the other side
3. The train went ,……….the tunnel.
4. The child ran ,……….his mother.
5. He ran ,……….the street to catch the thief.
6. People love to go ,……….the mountains.
7. The boy fell,………. the chair.
The boy jumped,………. the river.
9. He got,………. the car in a hurry.
10. The man ran,……….the slope.
11. He threw the ball,………. the batsman.
12. We go to school ,……….bus.
13. We started ,……….home to school at 7 o'clock.
14. He banged his head ,……….the wall.
EXERCISE 5
Fill in the blanks in the passage with appropriate prepositions:
Swami stood (1) ,……….the entrance (2) ,……….his class Mr. Samuel was teaching arithmetic. He looked (3) ,……….Swami (4) ,……….a moment. Swami thought that Mr. Samuel would fall (5) ,………. Him.
"Are you just coming (6) ,……….the class?"
"Yes, sir"
"Why are you late?"
Swami wanted (7) ,……….
reply "Just (8) ,……….see what you can do.” But he merely said: "I have a headache, sir.”
"Then why did you come (9) ,……….school at all?"
"My father forced me (10) ,………..”
"All right, go (11) ,……….your seat.
Chapter 18: Conjunctions
EXERCISE 1
Join the following sentences using coordinating conjunctions in the box given below.
(not only….. but also, whether ……or, both…….and, for, either….. or, , or, neither…. nor, only, still, but, and)
1. We were going to school. We had our books with us.
2. He is slow. He is sure.
3. I was annoyed. I kept quiet.
4. I want to come. I have no time.
5. I am all right. I am just tired.
6. She must weep. She will die.
7. He is mad. He feigns madness.
8. Do not be a borrower. Do not be a lender.
9. Walk quickly. You may not overcome him.
10. You may take it. You may leave it.
11. It is not useful. It is not ornamental.
12. We love him. We honour him.
13. You may go or stay. I am not concerned.
14. He is foolish. He is obstinate.
15. She will rise in life. She is sincere and hardworking.
EXERCISE 2
Fill in the blanks using the correct conjunctions given in the blanks
1 I did not think…………… I would stand first. (as, when, that, where)
2. He is thinking about the class-test……… he is taking breakfast. (while, as soon as, before, provided)
3. I could not come……… I was busy. (because, while, when, after)
4. He is not cleverer……….. his sister. (as, that, than, before)
5. ……….. a person works hard, he will not succeed. (until, unless, since, as)
6. He has changed a lot………….. I last met him. (when, since, while, before)
7. ………you have doubts, you should get them cleared. (in case, than, until, before)
8. He might be young……….he is competent. (before, since, though, but)
9. He walks………….he were slightly lame. (as if, but, since, while)
10. Strike the iron………. It is hot. (since, while, than, until)
EXERCISE 3
Join the following sentences using correlative conjunctions given after each pair.
1. You should return my pen. If not you should pay its price. (either…or)
2. I entered the house. A guest came in. (no sooner….than)
3. A politician has no permanent friends, he has no permanent enemies. (neither…..nor)
4. Bihar has rich resources. Bihar is poor. (Although………..yet)
5. Asit is my friend. Pal is also my friend. (as well as)
6. He ran very fast. I fell behind. (so…that)
7. I like mathematics. I like physics equally. (no less than)
8. I have invited all my relatives. I have invited all my friends also. (not only…… but also)
9. He ran very fast. He stood first. (so…that)
10. You want a teacher. He is not the type you want. (such……….as)
EXERCISE 4
Join these pairs of sentences with one of the conjunctions given in the box. A conjunction once used will not be used again.
(that, so that, than, although, since, because
though, if, unless, but, or else, however, and,
till, as)
1. Be just. Fear not.
2. I ran fast. I missed the train.
3. He ran. He was afraid.
4. Hurry You will be late.
5. …….hard you may work, you will not succeed.
6. I am sure. He said so
7. Wait. I return.
8. He finished. He began late.
9. Take a lamp. The night is dark.
10. You eat too much. You will be ill.
11 Rustum is slow. Rustum is sure.
12. I shall not go. I am not invited.
13. He worked hard. He might pass.
14. He was industrious. I encouraged him.
15. He is rich. I am not so rich.
Chapter 19: Reported Speech
EXERCISE 1
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. She said, "Face is the index of mind."
2. Mohan said, "I can sing well."
3. I said to my mother, "We won the match this evening."
4. He said, "It may rain tonight."
5. I believe, "There is nothing good or bad, our thinking makes it so.”
6. The shop-keeper said, "Death and the customer keep no calender."
7. The teacher said, "The Taj was built by Shahjahan."
8. I said, "My brother can be back soon."
9. The professor said, "The third battle of Panipat gave the history a decisive turn." 10.You said, "I never leave home without the permission of my parents."
11. He said, "The son was playing cards while the daughter was sleeping."
12. She said, "If I were awake, I would catch the thief."
13. The bride said, "Would that my father were alive!"
14. Suresh said, "Sarla must learn patience."
EXERCISE 2
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. The doctor said to the patient, "You should take the medicine regularly."
2. Modi said, "I could not attend my Guru's last rites as I was in U.S. at the time."
3. I said to him, "I’ll write to you as soon as I reach Mumbai."
5. I said to my father, "I can never leave you alone."
4. She said to me, I am not like you."
6. Saroj said to me, I cannot help you in the matter."
7. You said to me, "You will be glad to know that I have been promoted."
8. He said to me, "I am not sure of your success."
9. You said to him, "I want to consult your parents."
10. Ashok said to me, "Your parents are waiting for you."
EXERCISE 3
Change the following into Indirect Speech
1. He said, "I am going to Kolkata tonight."
2. She said, "I am not feeling well today."
3. You said, "I'll not appear in the examination this year."
4. I said to him, "I have received your letter this morning."
5. "We shall play again tomorrow," said Mohan.
6. Sarla said, "I missed you yesterday."
7. He said, "I am not likely to go anywhere tomorrow."
8. The patriot said, "Thus I came and thus I go."
9. He said to me, "I met a saint two years ago."
10. My friend said, "It was very hot last night."
11. The gardener said, "These plants need a lot of water."
12. Mother said to me, "Your father has just gone out."
13. The hero cried, "Here are no fools."
14. He said, "Alas! 'Now' turns into 'then' so soon."
EXERCISE 4
Change the following sentences into Direct Speech.
1. He says that he would like to be an actor when he comes of age.
2. The teacher said that he could not give up teaching.
3. My brother told me that I could choose my career.
4. My father told me that he was happy with my progress and was proud of it.
5. He told me that his father was not at home but he would return soon.
6. He told me that he could not get time to meet me.
7. You told me that you had gone to Delhi the previous day.
EXERCISE 5
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech.
1. He said to me, "Who are you and what do you want?"
2. She asked him, "Whom do you want to see?"
3. He said to her, "Where did you first meet him?"
4. The policeman said to you. "Why did you not help the police?"
5. I said to him, "When did you come here and what has brought you here?"
Convert the following into Indirect Speech:
EXERCISE 6
1. She said to him, "Do you attend your classes regularly?"
2. They said to you, "Shall we help you in your work?"
3. The teacher said to the parents, "Do your children trouble you at home?"
4. The father said to the son, "Am I not providing for all your needs?"
5. He said to me, "Were you scolding your wife?"
EXERCISE 7
Change the following sentences into Direct Speech:
1. You asked me if I was playing.
2. He asked me what my father was.
3. She asked me why I wanted to meet her.
4. She asked me if I enjoyed reading novels. I replied that I did.
5. My friend asked me if I had decided to spend my vacation in Shimla. I replied that I had not been able to manage the money by then.
EXERCISE 8
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. "Please help a poor blind man," said the beggar.
2. The tyrant shouted, "Off with his head."
3. The Commander said to the Squadron Leader, "Bomb the enemy camp at once."
4. "Hands up!" shouted the robber, flourishing a gun in his hand.
5. Father said to me, "Don't panic or lose your temper in any situation."
6. The Bible says, "Love your neighbour as yourself."
7. The old man said, "O God, help me in this hour of sorrow!"
EXERCISE 9
Change the following sentences into Direct Speech:
1. Father told me to let his clothes dry in the sun.
2. The teacher ordered the boys to read quietly.
3. The beggar begged Mohan a rupee.
4. He advised me to play some game to keep fit.
5. Pran invited me to have a cup of tea with him.
6. Mother told Kalpana to go to the kitchen and prepare a cup of tea for her.
7. His poor neighbour requested Nirmal to take him to hospital.
EXERCISE 10
Convert the following sentences into Indirect Speech:
1. Pinki said “Hurrah! I have passed.”
2. He said to her "What! You have lost your purse."
3. The captain said. “Hurrah! We have won the match.”
4. The priest said, "May you be blessed with eternal happiness."
5. He said “Alas! The great leader is no more.”
EXERCISE 11
Read the dialogues and complete the passages given below. Write the correct option in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Do not copy the whole sentence.
1. Meenu, How did you get up that tree?
Rohan, I used a ladder of course. But someone went off with it while I was sawing this branch. Go and get another one instead of just standing here asking silly questions.
Meenu asked Rohan (a)………. .
Rohan snapped angrily that (b)…………. . He added that (c)…………
He ordered Meenu (d)…………… .
(a) (i) that how did he get up that tree
(ii) that how he got up that tree
(ii) how he got up this tree
(iv) how he had got up that tree
(b) (i) I used a ladder, of course
(ii) he used a ladder, of course
(iii) he had used a ladder, of course
(iv) he used to have a ladder, of course
(c) (i) someone went off with it while I was sawing that branch
(ii) someone had gone off with it while he was sawing that branch
(iii) someone had gone off with it while he had been sawing that branch
(iv) someone went off with that while he was sawing the branch
(d) (i) to go and get another one instead of just standing there asking silly questions
(ii) that get another one instead of standing there to ask silly questions
(iii) how to get another one instead of asking silly questions
(iv) to get another one and having asked silly questions
2. CM : The State Government will release a sum of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work. Is the work going on as per schedule?
D.C: The relief work is being carried out well.
The C.M. told D.C. that (a) ……… .
He also asked him (b) ………… .
The D. C told the C. M (c) …………….. .
(a) (i) the State Government will release a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(ii) the State Government would release a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(iii) the State Government would released a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(iv) the Stae Government had released a fund of Rs. 25 crores for the relief work
(b) (i) if the work was going on as per schedule
(ii) that whether the work was going on as per schedule
(iii) whether the work had been going on as per schedule
(iv) that the work was going on as per schedule
(c) (i) to relief work going on as per schedule
(ii) that the relief work had been going on well
(iii) that the relief work was being carried out well
(iv) that the relief work had been carried out well
3. Chunnilal : Do you remember what my last job was?
Bepin : Of course. You worked in a travel agency.
Chunnilal : Who arranged the ticket for you?
Chunnilal asked Bepin (a)………… . Bepin replied that he did and (b) ………… .
At this Chunnilal asked him to remember (c) ………….. .
(a) (i) that he remembered what his last job was
(ii) if he remembered what his last job was (had been)
(iii) if he remember what his last job had been
(iv) if you remembered what my last job had been
(b) (i) said that he worked in a travel agency
(ii) said that I worked in a travel agency
(iii) said that he had worked in a travel agency
(iv) said that I had worked in a travel agency
(c) (i) who arranged the ticket for him
(ii) that who arranged the ticket for him
(iii) who had arranged the ticket for Chunnilal
(iv) who had arranged the ticket for him
Chapter 20: Phrases And Clauses
EXERCISE 1
Fill in the blanks with suitable noun phrases:
1. ………….is happy.
2. The peacock is ……………. .
3. ………………should be important for you.
4. Can you suggest…………..?
5. ……………….is better than living a long life.
6. Do you mind ………………?
EXERCISE 2
Complete the sentences using Adjective Phrases:
1. Ambani is a man of……………………. .
2. Gandhi was a man……………………. .
3. Mukesh lives in a house…………… .
4. I like to see you……………………. .
5. Jagjivan belongs to a caste …………………….in India.
6. The king wore a crown…………. .
7. Ahrawat is an elephant ……………………. .
EXERCISE 3
Complete the following sentences using verb phrases:
1. Your outfit ………… quite appropriate.
2. She ………… all night.
3. The vacancy…………already.
4. All the books………… on the shelf.
5. We ………… informed about the dinner.
EXERCISE 4
Complete the following sentences using prepositional phrases:
1. You will find him………… .
2. The books are………… .
3. The natural beauty of the hills have turned them………… .
4. ………… after freedom, Nehru was the Prime Minister.
EXERCISE 5
Complete the following sentences using adverbial phrases.
1. She lived…………of a big city.
2. In this matter you acted………… .
3. Acting…………he pounced upon his adversary.
4. He was, ………… the principal of the college.
5. I promise to meet you………… .
6. They have decided to go………… .
EXERCISE 6
Pick out the noun clauses and say whether they are the subject, object, complement or object of a preposition.
1. Tell me how you did it.
2. That he will come is certain.
3. We are sure that you will succeed.
4. Everything depends on how he does it.
5. She says her mother is ill.
6. How long he shall stay is not known to me.
7 I cannot believe in what he says.
8. The truth is that we have lost the battle.
9. The verdict is that the prisoner shall die.
10. I think you have made a mistake.
EXERCISE 7
Supply the suitable noun clauses:
1. ……………is not much.
2. ……………is what we think.
3. ……………was a secret.
4. Can you tell me……………?
5. Do…………… .
6. I understand…………….. .
7. I am afraid…………… .
8. It is not clear…………… .
9. Do you know……………?
10. The law will punish…………… .
EXERCISE 8
Join the following pairs of sentences with or without the help of a relative pronoun:
Examples:
An architect is a man. He designs buildings An architect is someone who designs buildings.
You had lost the keys. Have you found them?
Have you found the keys you had lost?
1. A man lives next door. He is very friendly.
2. Some plays have unhappy endings. I don't like them.
3. The machine broke down. It has now been repaired.
4. A boy was injured in the accident. He is now in hospital.
5. A man answered the phone. He told me you were out.
6. I gave you some money. What have you done with it?
7. Tom is talking to someone. Do you know him?
8. You saw a film. What is its name?
9. We were invited to a party. We could not attend it.
10. We stayed at a hotel. It was rather costly.
EXERCISE 9
Replace the adjective phrases in the following with adjective clauses:
1. A man of decent manners is sure to be liked.
2. He told us the cost of his new house.
3. The train leaving for Mumbai got delayed.
4. I still remember my days in college.
5. The time for departing has now arrived.
6. I have a book containing interesting stories.
7. We admire a man of principles.
8. You can have anything of your liking.
9. People living in glass houses should not throw stones.
10. We were startled by the noise made by the blast.
EXERCISE 10
Supply suitable adjective clauses:
1. I like the dress……………. .
2. The shop……………. .was shut down when we got there.
3. Some of the people……………. could not come.
4. The car……………. broke down after a while.
5. We live in a house……………. .
6. I love the man……………. .
7. Have you seen the place……………. .
8. The people……………. .were very friendly.
9. It was the worst thing……………. .
10. The party……………. Wasn’t very enjoyable.
EXERCISE 11
Join the following pairs of sentences using adjective clauses:
1. You borrowed the car from a man. What is his name?
2. I met a man. His brother is my classmate.
3. Here is a man. His sister knows you.
4. He married a woman. She left him soon.
5. I met a man in Delhi. Now he is a minister.
6. I know the man. He has lent you money.
7. I went to Porbander. Gandhi was born there.
8. Panipat is a small town. A fierce battle was fought here once.
9. I went back to a town. I was born there.
10. No one knows the place. Saddam is hiding there.
11. Do you know a restaurant? We may have a good meal.
EXERCISE 12
Replace the adjective phrases by adjective clauses in the following sentences:
1. He is a man of good character.
2. There was a box full of sweets.
3. I am fortunate to have a very intelligent teacher.
4. He is a man of great wealth.
5. My friend bought a table with four legs.
6. There was a chair near the window.
7. I got a stick with a carved handle.
8. She is a girl with intelligent eyes.
9. The man wearing the red-shirt is my brother.
10. Do not touch the painting standing in the corner.
EXERCISE 13
Pick out adverb clauses in the following sentences and state their types:
1. Since you have finished your work, you may go.
2. Let him go if he so desires.
3. The stone is so heavy that I cannot pick it up.
4. Make hay while the sun shines.
5. When Sarla failed, she wept bitterly.
6. I'll wait till you arrive.
7. When she walks past him, she always smiles.
8. He worked hard lest he should fail.
9. He cannot run because he is injured.
10. He is so good that he cannot say no.
11. If you do not help him he will be in trouble.
12. He is as good a man as I can imagine.
13. Do in Rome as Romans do.
14. As far as I know, he is a man of good character.
15. The earlier he comes, the better it is.
EXERCISE 14
Supply suitable adverb clauses.
1. …………….., we have taken good care.
2. The box is so heavy………….., .
3. Wait here………….., .
4. Walk carefully………….., .
5. Come………….., .
6. …………..,he attended the office.
7. He became so weak………….., .
8. He died before………….., .
9. ………….. do not forget to see me.
10. I have not seen him………….., .
EXERCISE 15
Replace each underlined adverb phrase by an adverb clause:
1. On sunrise, they began to pray.
2. Returning from work she stopped in the market.
3. He could not attend the party because of his illness.
4. Though poor, he is very honest.
5. Having failed in the examination, the girl tried to commit suicide.
6. Being free, India chose the parliamentary system of democracy.
7. Even while going to gallows. Bhagat Singh sang the song of patriotism.
8. After being elected, he dedicated himself to the service of the people.
EXERCISE 16
In the following passage, name the kind of underlined clauses.
Children in Turkey play this game (1) because they think the important thing is to have as many marbles as one could. There is quite a competition to win the most marbles, (2) so they also practise in their free time. Marbles in Turkey is a sign of a superior kid. The one (3) who has the most marbles is the most sought after kid. But marbles are not meant to be just bought from the market and stored to show off. They need to be won through this game.
The one (4) who wins the most marbles is the leader of the group, and everyone tries to be the leader. Many groups are formed in the vicinity.
Test Paper 2
1. Replace underlined adverb phrases by adverbs:
1. Wear your pain with patience.
2. In the early days, most people lived without much comfort.
3.I welcomed him with all my heart.
4. The battle was fought with violence.
5. He accepted his defeat with grace.
6. He excused him with mercy.
7. There is no place where we cannot see sun.
2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate preposition:
1. The police knocked at his door………….
midnight.
2. He was found roaming………….gypsies.
3.I have known him………….childhood days.
4. He works hard………….morning till night.
5. The dog lay quietly………….the table.
6. A walk early………….the morning is good for health.
7. I met him first………….a party.
8. Please come…………. me………….4 pm sharp.
3. Complete the passage using suitable prepositions.
Living (1) ………….the year 2016 we have plenty (2) ………….communication
facilities available (3) ………….us. Thanks (4) ………….airplanes we can travel (5) ………….the world in a matter (6) ……….
hours. But as we all know, airplanes have come (7) ………….existence over the past
hundred years. Before that man had tried
(8) ………….build various kinds (9) …………. flying machines. Some of the earliest designs for flying machines were made (10) …………. Leonardo Da Vinci. (11) ……….. 1670 Francisco Lana sketched a flying machine suspended (12) …………. rods. Besnier gave exhibitions of gliding (13) ………….. a height to the earth but this machine could not rise.
4. Combine each sat of the sentences below into one sentence each by using the conjunctions indicated in brackets:
1. I did not attend the function. I was not invited to it. (because)
2. Some students have finished their work.
They are allowed to go home. (such... as)
3. She is vain and foolish. Even then people like her. (though... yet)
4. The last wicket fell. The crowd invaded the field. (as soon as)
5. You may pass. You may not pass. I don't care. (whether... or)
6. The air ships were very large. They could not be easily controlled. (so... that)
7. He may run very fast. Even then he cannot catch the train. (However)
8. The train was crossing a bridge. The accident took place then. (while)
9. I gave up smoking. It is now five years after that. (since)
10. The bell rang. The students came out of their classrooms. (No sooner…… than)
11. The robbers robbed him. They also shot him dead. (Not only.... but also)
12. I do not like tea. I do not like coffee either. (neither.... nor)
5. Read the dialogue given below changing it into a passage with indirect speech.
Monu : When is the fancy dress competition in your school?
Sonu : It is after two weeks.
Monu : Are you taking part in it?
Sonu: Yes, I am taking part as an engine driver.
Monu ; What makes you choose it ?
Sonu : So that I can reach late.
Identify the subordinate clauses and say what kind of clauses they are:
1. Though Columbus promised his solders rich awards, not many came forward sail with him.
2. If you will give me a torch, I’ll explore inside the cave.
3. Don't ask the child to eat till he asks for food.
4. Mrs. Das wants to stop working because she gets very little time to attend to her family.
5. What he does is in the best interest of the country.
6. I could not understand what he meant.
7. Show me the pen that your brother presented you.
8. I met Mohan who gave me a hundred rupees.
9. Don't desire what is not possible.
10. It is certain that he will help me.
7. Complete the sentences by using a clause each. The kind of clause to be added is mentioned in the brackets.
1. Manna replied………… . (Noun Clause)
2. The man was blind……………. . (Co-ordinate Clause)
3.I know the man……………. . (Adjective Clause)
4. ……………. .I went to school. (Adverb Clause)
5. We should act……………. . (Adverb Clause)
6. All students …………. will be given a prize each. (Adjective Clause)
7. Nobody knew………….. . (Noun Clause)
8. We can leave for the school…………….. (Adverb Clause)
.
Chapter 21: Sentence Types
EXERCISE 1
Mark simple and compound sentences in the following passage:
The January 26 is celebrated as the Republic Day in every part of the country. Our Constitution became effective on this day and we became a sovereign democratic republic. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India and it is the basic governing document. The constitution was prepared by a committee and the President of the committee was Dr. Ambedkar. India got freedom in 1947 but it took almost three years to prepare the constitution. It is our duty to obey the laws laid in the constitution or we will come to grief.
EXERCISE 2
Read the following passage carefully. Write 's’, for the simple sentences ‘cd’ for compound and ‘cx’ for complex sentences.
1. Maruti makes not only cars but also scooters.
2. He passed his test and became famous.
3. Work quickly else you may be late.
4. The country in which I live is very large.
5. I went to his house but he was not there.
6. I helped him for I thought he deserved it.
7. Either he is mad or he pretends to be so.
8. I went because I was invited.
9. They never fail who fail in a great cause.
10. He got more marks than we expected.
11. He was guilty therefore he was punished.
12. They reached the station when the train had left.
13. Wherever you are, remain happy.
14. He must succeed, for he has worked hard.
15. He came, he saw and he won.
16. Do good, and find good.
17. God helps those who help themselves.
18. The Parliament passed the bill but the Supreme Court threw it out.
19. He tried hard but he did not succeed.
20. She must weep or she will die.
21. They also serve who only stand and wait.
22. I thought I saw my late espoused (adopted/supported) saint.
23. My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow.
24. Do in Rome as Romans do.
25. I do not admit impediments in the marriage of true minds.
Chapter 22: Transformation Of Sentences
EXERCISE 1
Transform the following Exclamatory sentences into Assertions:
1. How beautiful this moonlit night is!
2. If only you had me earlier!
3. Alas! We have lost everything.
4. To think of Congress losing elections!
5. What a piece of work is man!
6. O! What a fall was there, my countrymen!
7. What a wonderful dance!
EXERCISE 2
Transform the following into exclamatory sentences:
1. It is a horrible thought
2. This is a very beautiful stone.
3. It was a very delicious meal.
4. I wish I had the wings of dove.
5. The camel is well-fitted for the deserts.
6. It is very stupid of me to forget your name.
7. I wish I had come an hour earlier.
EXERCISE 3
Convert the following simple sentences to complex sentences:
1. He hoped to stand first.
2. Bose's secret files are now likely to be made public.
3. Tell the truth.
4. I met a great cricketer.
5. I was the first to arrive.
6. Immediately after his arrival, he began to work.
7. The lion is feared for its fierceness.
EXERCISE 4
Convert each of the following complex sentences to a simple sentence:
1. He is so old that he cannot learn anything new.
2. The judge found him guilty.
3. Tell me where you live.
4. I do not know when the train will depart.
5. The news that the minister has arrived made everyone happy.
6. Whoever is prudent is suspected.
7. He died in the country in which he was born.
EXERCISE 5
Convert the following simple sentences into compound ones:
1. He murdered the poor child after robbing him.
2. He had to work to keep the wolf from the door.
3. To his eternal shame, the officer was caught red-handed while accepting the bribe.
4. He must not attempt to escape the pain of death.
5. Despite his hard work, he found the going very difficult.
6. Unluckily I missed the train.
7. With all his learning, he was far from being a pedant.
EXERCISE 6
Convert the following compound sentences into simple ones.
1. The carpenter finished his work and put away his tools.
2. Not only did he give the poor man food, he gave him some money also.
3. He suffered a setback but he did not lose heart.
4. He must pay the fee or he will not be allowed to appear in the examination.
5. All of them endured great sufferings, yet none of them made any complaint.
6. He practised daily and so he became an expert player.
7. I ordered him to halt but he took no notice.
*Make compound sentences by filling in the blanks with an appropriate coordinate conjunction.
1. I called her many times………. She didn't answer the phone.
(a) and (b) but (c) though
2. He is intelligent………….honest.
(a) or (b) but (c) and
3. He is old………..he is active.
(a) and (b) or (c) but
4. He not only lost his reputation…………. brought a bad name to his family.
(a) also (b) but (c) but also
5. You may…………… spend the night here or go home.
(a) neither (b) either (c) nor
6.I reached the counter…………. took my purse out…………..there was no money in it.
(a) and, but (b) and, and (c) but, but (d) but and
7. The way may be long………… we may feel tired………….. we will not give hope.
(a) and, but (b) and, and (c) but, but
8. We took part in the competition………. we did not win any prize.
(a) and (b) but (c) or
9. Our servant is slow……….. he is honest and dependable.
(a) and (b) but (c) although
10. Leave the house at once…………. I will call the police.
(a) and (b) but (c) or
Chapter 23: Puctuati8on And Capital Letters
EXERCISE 1
Put commas where necessary:
1. Come here David.
2. No I am not going to Delhi
3. Hindus Muslims Sikhs and Christians live like brothers in our country.
4. When I reached the spot the party was over
5. Mohan replied "I am a student"
6. Mohan Lal my best friend is a wonderful man
7. Men may come and men may go but I go on for ever
8. Neetu his youngest daughter married a South Indian.
9. He is to say the least not a man of my choice
10. Caesar to be honest was really ambitious
11. The result frankly speaking is not very encouraging.
12. Who does not need an honest intelligent sincere and hardworking friend?
13. He will I hope recover soon
14. He was in distress for he had failed
15. Unless you help I'll not succeed
EXERCISE 2
Punctuate the following using capital letters where necessary:
1. a propeller is a kind of fan with two or more blades which is rotated by an engine
2. when the propeller rotates fast it propels the plane that is it drives it forward and the pressure of the rushing air against the wings lifts the plane in the air
3. some are bom great some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust upon them
4. sir I would rather be right than be president
5. how old is your king he shouted across to Mallika's charioteer when he learnt the age of the king of Kosala he found both the kings were of the same age
6. he tried to find out if either had an advantage over the other in the extent of his kingdom or the size of his army in his wealth or caste or family
7. in the end columbus had to collect beggars and criminals from prisons and force them to join the crew
8. mira the eldest of the four was sixteen and very pretty being plump and fair with large eyes plenty of soft brown hair a sweet mouth and white hands of which she was rather vain
9. as caesar loved me i wept for him as he was fortunate i rejoice at it as he was valiant i honour him but as he was ambitious i slew him
10. when we think of the lives of great men we do not so much honour their memory as we get an inspiration for living
11. we feel that these great men were in every way better than us yet they suffered more than we do
12. no human attainment is cheap least of all greatness in any walk of life for greatness has its price and the price of greatness is always pain
13. what is university education after all it tries to prepare our minds in four basic abilities
14. the shepherd finding his flock destroyed exclaimed i have been rightly served why did i trust my sheep to a wolf
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