B
1. THE SENTENCE
EXERCISE 1
1. Who has not heard of Lord Krishna?
2. When did Bangladesh come into being?
3. What time do you get up in the morning?
4. Why don't you understand me?
5. How long does it take to reach Delhi?
6. How often have I told you not to disturb me?
7. What can I do for you?
EXERCISE 2
1. In Mumbai, I saw a junk shop.
2. There I saw a roll-top desk.
3. The man told me it was a 20th-century piece.
4. The others I had seen were far too expensive.
5. This one was in a bad condition.
6. I bought it for very little money.
7. I paid the man and brought it to my workroom.
8. On Christmas Eve, I began work on it.
9. I found it hard work.
EXERCISE 3
1. Always respect your parents and teachers.
2. Never misbehave with others.
3. Weigh your words before you speak.
4. Do not walk on the green grass.
5. Do not talk while the teacher is teaching.
6. Make hay while the sun shines.
7. Be brief and polite in your talk.
EXERCISE 4
1. How beautiful the peacock is!
2. What a problem terrorism has become!
3. What a wonderful speech Mr. Modi made!
4. What a pretty child she is!
5. How excellently you drive the car!
6. How wise some people are, and how foolish others!
7. Alas, he is no more!
EXERCISE 5
1. Subject: The Rajdhani Express
Predicate: moved rapidly towards its destination.
2. Subject: There
Predicate: was on display in the museum a Pritam painting.
3. Subject: You (Mohan)
Predicate: can speak French.
4. Subject: All the water in the vase
Predicate: has evaporated.
5. Subject: The students of this school
Predicate: never tell a lie.
6. Subject: Sunflowers
Predicate: bloom in summer.
7. Subject: The hero
Predicate: rescued the heroine from the burning house.
8. Subject: Robinson Crusoe
Predicate: lived in an island for many years.
9. Subject: The child
Predicate: sat in one corner.
10. Subject: Her mother
Predicate: cannot read or write.
EXERCISE 6
1. Where do you keep your money? (No subordinate clause; phrase: "your money")
2. I keep my books in a cupboard. (No subordinate clause; phrase: "in a cupboard")
3. I met my uncle who has returned from England. (Subordinate clause: "who has returned from England")
4. He is a very well-behaved student. (No subordinate clause; phrase: "very well-behaved")
5. Don't make a noise in the class. (No subordinate clause; phrase: "in the class")
6. Are you going to your school? (No subordinate clause; phrase: "to your school")
7. Biden is the President of America. (No subordinate clause; phrase: "of America")
8. This is the place where I first met her. (Subordinate clause: "where I first met her")
9. He gets up when the cock crows. (Subordinate clause: "when the cock crows")
10. I don't know why he is angry with me. (Subordinate clause: "why he is angry with me")
EXERCISE 7
Here is the rewritten passage:
Long ago in Greece, there was a musician called Orpheus. He played the lyre so well that his listeners forgot their cares and were filled with joy. Even the trees bent their branches to listen to Orpheus. Wild animals forgot to be cruel and came near him and listened. Orpheus had a beautiful wife called Eurydice, whom he loved more than his life. One day she saw a man behind a bush. He started following her. Eurydice ran screaming, not looking where she went. She stepped on a snake, which bit her. In a few minutes, she was dead. Orpheus was overcome with grief. He did not play on his lyre anymore. Finally, he decided to go to the land of the dead if he could not bring his wife back. He wanted to stay there with her.
EXERCISE 8
1. There are a lot of people there, aren't there?
2. It's a nice day, isn't it?
3. She is very pretty, isn't she?
4. Mary will be here soon, won't she?
5. You can speak German, can't you?
6. You have met the minister, haven't you?
7. You are with a friend, aren't you?
EXERCISE 9
1. They don't look well today, do they?
2. They weren't listening, were they?
3. Akshan won't be late, will he?
4. She doesn't know French, does she?
5. He won't mind if I use his phone, will he?
6. The book is not very interesting, is it?
7. He did not drop that vase, did he?
EXERCISE 10
1. Don't drop the vase, will you?
2. Let's go out tonight, shall we?
3. Please open the door, can you?
4. Listen to me, will you?
5. Please lend me your phone, could you?
6. Let us try to solve the problem, shall we?
7. Don't let him disturb me, will you?
2. NOUN
EXERCISE 1
| Type of Noun | Examples |
| --- | --- |
| Proper Noun | Bill Watterson, Ankit Dangi, Mumbai, Calvin and Hobbes, National Cartoonists Society, Reuben Award, Cleveland, USA |
| Common Noun | cartoonist, writer, comic strip, boy, tiger, newspapers, books, awards, wife |
| Collective Noun | fans, industry |
| Abstract Noun | disappointment, honour, cooperation |
EXERCISE 2
1. To their great disappointment, the congress lost the election of 2014.
2. Many agreements were signed between the Chinese and Indian heads of state.
3. Pay attention to what the teacher says.
4. The spectators burst into laughter at the antics of the clown.
5. The Indian army has no shortage of ammunition.
6. The boss did not accept his resignation.
7. Mr. Obama gave India the assurance of his country's cooperation.
8. Is there a vacancy in this office?
EXERCISE 3
1. A collection of arrows: quiver
2. A number of fruit trees: orchard
3. A collection of wood, hay piled together: stack
4. A set of rooms: suite
5. A number of hounds: pack
6. A collection of sticks: bundle
7. A group of stars: constellation
8. A collection of soldiers: army
9. A group of bushes: clump
10. A number of ships: fleet
11. A number of sailors: crew
12. All the young birds or creatures that a mother produces at a time: brood
13. A number of drawers: chest
14. A number of beautiful ladies: bevy
15. A group of cattle: herd
EXERCISE 4
1. There was a clump of trees beside the big building.
2. A large flock of onlookers was watching the match.
3. Aakashganga is a constellation of stars.
4. He ran quickly up a flight of stairs.
5. He took his herd of sheep for grazing.
6. A swarm of bees entered the room.
7. The cowherd has a pack of cows.
8. The litter of the cat contained six kittens.
EXERCISE 5
Match the columns:
1. a group of vehicles - fleet
2. a group of musicians - band
3. a group of wolves - pack
4. a group of locusts - swarm
5. a container for the arrows - quiver
6. several pieces of grass joined together - tuft
7. a group of religiously enthusiastic people - devotees
8. a set of people gathered in a church - congregation
EXERCISE 6
1. hockey, carrom, cricket - games
2. lizards, snakes, alligators - reptiles
3. cows, sheep, goats, buffaloes - livestock
4. biscuits, cakes, bread - confectionery
5. kerosene, cooking gas, fire wood - fuel
6. oil, soap, flour, rice - grocery
7. hammer, screw-driver, chisel - tools
8. ants, wasps, beetles, bees
3. ADJECTIVES
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
The adjectives in the passage are:
- minimum (quantitative)
- important (evaluative)
- critical (evaluative)
- simple (descriptive)
- new (descriptive)
- human (descriptive)
- canine (descriptive)
EXERCISE 2
Here are the adjective forms of the given words:
(e)
- centre: central
- office: official
- origin: original
- parent: parental
- tutor: tutorial
- editor: editorial
- province: provincial
- surgeon: surgical
- type: typical
- machine: mechanical
(b)
- horror: horrible
- comfort: comfortable
- reason: reasonable
- air: airy
- milk: milky
- hand: handy
- custom: customary
- prime: primary
- vision: visionary
- brother: brotherly
(c)
- joke: jocular
- table: tabular
- muscle: muscular
- awe: awesome
- mirth: merry
- pity: pitiful
- will: willing
- courage: courageous
- envy: envious
- circuit: circular
(d)
- labour: laborious
- rebel: rebellious
- vice: vicious
- metal: metallic
- drama: dramatic
- girl: girly
- fever: feverish
- gift: gifted
- west: western
- promise: promising
(e)
- fortune: fortunate
- child: childish
- praise: praiseworthy
- use: useful
- slip: slippery
- America: American
- Belgium: Belgian
- England: English
- Holland: Dutch
EXERCISE 3
Here are the answers:
1. The aged must be treated with respect.
2. No crime should go unpunished.
3. The persons often get the benefit of the position.
4. He had with him only essential items.
5. The officers are quick to blame their staff for the mistakes.
6. His behaviour was inimical.
7. Let there be no mistakes in your letter.
8. Tagore was an intellectual.
9. The behaviour of the police in that case was horrific.
10. I hate the language of abuse.
11. The needy must be helped.
12. His speech provoked the people to fire.
13. His bravery is an example.
14. Don't be in defeat.
15. Bhagat Singh's deeds live after him.
EXERCISE 4
Here are the answers:
1. Of all the boys in the class, he is the strongest.
2. Shruthi is the most beautiful.
3. He is more beautiful than Ananya.
4. He is an able person.
5. This is the latest edition of this book.
6. Time is the best healer.
7. The younger of the two brothers is a teacher.
EXERCISE 5
Here are the answers:
1. How much sugar did you buy?
2. Many people came to see the Prime Minister.
3. We have not much food left.
4. Much of what he said was nonsense.
5. Many of the passengers had a narrow escape.
6. There wasn't much discussion at the meeting about the location of the office.
7. Are there many computers in your college?
8. Many temples were shattered in Pakistan.
EXERCISE 6
Here are the answers:
1. He had some doubts about the plan.
2. He had any doubt about the plan.
3. We haven't got any butter left.
4. The talks went on at some length.
5. Do you have any better ideas?
6. I need some money. Could you give me some?
7. The team has some quality batsmen but there are not many good bowlers.
8. It was impossible for any air to get out.
EXERCISE 7
Here are the answers:
1. She put the few clothes that she had into her bag and walked out of the house forever.
2. I have to go now, I have a little work to do.
3. There was little work to do, so he could not earn much money.
4. I won't be long I've got only a few things to get.
5. Although the play is set in Mumbai, the few characters in it are all Bihari.
6. I saw her first after midnight, and the little time I spent with her was wonderful.
7. It will take some time before you learn your job well.
8. The survivors divided the little water they had between them.
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 8
1. My brother is in the tenth class and he is elder.
2. India is considered the oldest civilization in the world.
3. Nobody likes your elder brother's attitude.
4. He gave all his time for social work in the latter part of his life.
5. Between Rahul and Narendra, the people chose the latter.
6. I should be the last man to agree to these unfair conditions.
7. Who lives in the house next to yours?
8. Who in the family is nearest to your heart?
EXERCISE 9
Here are the answers:
1. The officer is busy as a bee.
2. The musician is blind as a bat.
3. He is not wise as Solomon.
4. He is a perfect example of a student.
5. This book is perfect in all respects.
6. All politicians are not as honest as the Prime Minister.
7. His success is unique.
4. ARTICLES
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1 A
1. a magazine
2. an elephant
3. a lovely dress
4. an interesting book
5. a bee
6. a parrot
7. an insect
8. an extra chair
9. an exercise
10. a cupboard
EXERCISE 1 B
Set I
1. An ant is an insect.
2. Beethoven was a composer.
3. Marilyn Monroe was an actress.
4. He studied in a university.
5. Shakespeare was an author.
6. She is a nurse.
7. A pigeon is a bird.
8. Dave is a plumber.
9. Einstein was a scientist.
10. Have you got a headache?
11. He is a child.
12. It's an aeroplane.
13. Would you like to be an actor?
14. Do you like stamp-collecting?
Set II
1. We don't have a camera.
2. Jane is a teacher.
3. An elephant is a huge animal.
4. He is an orator.
5. He is a liar.
6. What a beautiful half hour we have passed!
7. Once there lived a king.
8. It was an unusually hot day.
9. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
10. I read an article in a scientific magazine.
11. A bird in the hand is better than two in the bush.
EXERCISE 2
Set I
1. This morning I brought a pen and a diary. The pen is in my pocket, but I don't know where I put the diary.
2. I have an invitation to attend the marriage of my friend's son this evening. The boy is marrying a girl, but I don't know what the boy does.
3. There are two cars parked outside. The grey one is my brother's. I don't know who the owner of the white one is.
4. My friend lives in a house. I would like to have a big house in a small town. There is a beautiful garden behind his house.
5. Would you like a banana?
6. How often do you go to the dentist?
7. Will you shut the door, please?
8. I made a mistake.
9. Where is the railway station, please?
10. How often do you go to the doctor?
11. What's the problem? Please tell me.
12. I have a problem. I need your help.
13. There being no chair, we sat on the floor.
14. Have you finished with the book I lent you?
15. My brother has got a job in a Delhi bank.
EXERCISE 3
1. He lives in a small village in the country.
2. The Earth goes round the Sun in a year.
3. I am fed up with taking the same food every day.
4. This Sunday was a cold day. It was the coldest day of the season.
5. I had a good breakfast this morning.
6. Do you want to live in a foreign country?
7. The Sun rises in the east.
8. The brave man lost an arm in battle.
9. It's a hopeless case.
10. Set back the clock. It's an hour too fast.
11. Where did you buy the pen?
12. Have you seen the Eskimos?
13. Draw a map of India.
14. Do not look a gift-horse in the mouth.
15. Does he know about the accident?
EXERCISE 4
Set I
1. Tulsidas was an Indian poet.
2. I like to study English and Maths.
3. I want to be an engineer.
4. Chandigarh is the capital of Punjab and Haryana.
5. He is the teacher who teaches English.
6. She is wearing a blue skirt.
7. Honesty is the best policy.
8. As you sow, so shall you reap.
9. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
10. Cleanliness is next to godliness.
11. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
12. Bread is made of wheat.
13. Amir is an actor.
14. Neither a borrower nor a lender be.
Set II
1. Gold and silver are precious metals.
2. Would you pass me the sugar?
3. Children like to play in the water.
4. Dinner is ready.
5. They speak Hindi at home.
6. I learned French at school. The school is very near to my house.
7. The cook has given notice.
8. (X)
9. He was elected the chairman of the association.
10. Send him word that you will go there.
Please let me know if you need further assistance!
5. PRONOUNS
EXERCISE 1
1. The zebra has strips on *its* back
2. Let *us* all pray together.
3. *It* is hard work.
4. *I* made a complaint
5. Ma Parker was lost in *her* thoughts
EXERCISE 2
Set 1
1. They found *themselves* in great difficulty
2. I left the books on the table. Where are *they*?
3. I have a book. I shall give *it* to you
4. Tuhin is my friend. *He* gave me a camera
5. Miss Sraya, how are *you*?
6. My teacher is a learned man *who* teaches us English
7. Here is the book. Take *it* away
8. Was *it* you who was knocking at the door?
Set II
1. *He* loves *his* dog and cannot do without *it*
2. This is *my* book, not *yours* or *hers*
3. The jury were divided in *their* opinion.
4. There were many doors but *they* were all locked
5. If the thief is caught, *he* will be punished
6. Tanya was not hurt. *She* jumped up on to *her* feet in a moment.
7. "I wish *I* hadn't cried so much," said Mohan.
8. You are not attending. What are *you* thinking of?
EXERCISE 3
1. We enjoyed *ourselves* much in the party
2. We would like to meet *you* and Mohan
3. *I* have been given the task of receiving the guests
4. Have *they* invited *you* and *your* wife to the party?
5. Gole made a joke of *himself*.
EXERCISE 4
1. I knocked at the door but *nobody* answered
2. Would *you* like to eat?
3. Is there *anything* which I can give you?
4. Did *anyone* see him entering the house?
5. *I* know that he is an honest man
6. Could *any* of them help me?
7. The room was not empty; *someone* was certainly there.
8. *Nothing* clears up my spirits like a fine day, said Keats
9. I am ready to give *everything* that I have
10. *Someone* came to help because *they* were busy
EXERCISE 5
1. *Whose* is this book?
2. *Who* built the Taj Mahal?
3. *Whom* do you want to meet?
4. *Who* dies if the country lives?
5. *What* will happen when there will be no petrol?
6. *What* is your opinion about this book?
7. Did you ask him *who* he is?
8. I don't know *what* he does
9. Of *whom* are you speaking?
10. Do you know *who* has stood first?
EXERCISE 6
1. He is the boy *who* has given me money.
2. I got this book today *that* you sent me.
3. Karim is the boy *who* was punished.
4. I met my father *who* had just arrived from abroad
5. Here is the man *who* showed me the city
6. It is the Taj Mahal *that* Shah Jahan built.
7. The girl *who* has won a prize is my cousin.
8. The teacher *who* has arrived is the one we were waiting for
9. The boy *who* tells lies deserves to be punished
10. I heard a song *that* pleased me.
EXERCISE 7
1. An astronaut is one *who* goes into space
2. An axe is an instrument *that* is used to cut wood
3. An orchard is a place *where* there are fruit trees
4. A farmer is a person *who* cultivates land
5. A teacher is a person *who* teaches students
6. A newspaper vendor is a person *who* sells newspapers
7. A milkman is a person *who* delivers milk
8. A dentist is a person *who* treats teeth
9. A plagiarist is a person *who* copies others' work
10. A perpendicular is a line *that* intersects another line at a 90-degree angle
11. A tailor is a person *who* makes clothes
12. A cardiologist is a doctor *who* specializes in heart diseases.
EXERCISE 8
1. This boy who is the son of Mr. Srinivas has stood first in the class.
2. I reside in a house with my family which consists of five persons.
3. He welcomed the lady who was very courteous.
4. The old man could not lift the box.
5. The bus which was running at full speed did not stop at this place.
6. The man who is 40 years old works in my garden.
7. I sent the book to my friend who needed it.
EXERCISE 9
1. This is the table I use for study.
2. The book you were asking about is now in the school library.
3. Where have you left the bag you came into the room with?
4. These are the students I was referring to.
5. Was that the train you wanted to board?
6. Is this the time you expected him to arrive by?
7. The city we stayed in for three days is very beautiful.
8. This is the house I live in.
9. These are the simple tools I work with.
10. Who wrote the script of the film Amit was the hero in?
6. VERB
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
1. Give me the key.
2. Get me a mobile phone.
3. He sent his son one thousand rupees.
4. I gave my younger brother money.
5. Bring the guest a cup of coffee.
EXERCISE 2
1. Columbus discovered America.
2. Columbus invented the steam engine. James Watt discovered the steam engine. James Watt sunk the tank.
3. The child was drowned.
4. The ship sank in the sea.
5. He floated in the water.
6. The leaf floats on the water.
7. Please listen to me.
8. The speaker was heard with attention.
EXERCISE 3
Set I
1. He confessed his heart before his mother.
2. She could not bear the ill treatment of her husband.
3. Nehru was born with a silver spoon in his mouth.
4. She bore him three sons.
5. The promotion of the clerk was deferred.
6. On this question, my views differ from yours.
7. He has dyed his grey hair.
8. I have yet to reply to your letter.
9. The prisoner fled from the prison.
10. The aeroplane flew beyond our sight.
11. I suspect his success as he hasn't worked hard.
12. The police doubt his involvement in that murder case.
Set II
1. A dead body floated on the sea-surface.
2. I lent you a thousand rupees.
3. Would you lend me your book?
4. Don't borrow money. Instead, try to do with what you have.
5. The baby grabbed his mother's finger.
6. Can you catch a falling star?
7. The fielder tried his best to catch the ball but in vain.
8. We hang our clothes in the cupboard.
9. Let us admit our mistakes.
10. He confessed his crime.
7. TIME AND TENSE
1. lived (simple past tense)
2. want (simple present tense), know (simple present tense)
3. are (simple present tense, linking verb)
4. have known (present perfect tense)
5. forgot (simple past tense), had helped (past perfect tense)
6. was (simple past tense, linking verb)
7. is (simple present tense), asked (simple past tense)
8. thought (simple past tense), had (past perfect tense)
9. set (simple past tense)
10. had been (past perfect tense), been (past participle)
EXERCISE 4
1. The robber wielded a pistol.
2. I shall not waive my right to this house.
3. I am sorry I cannot accede to your request.
4. He was charged with theft.
5. He refused to help me.
6. I refuse to refute the statement attributed to me.
7. The ship sank without a trace.
8. Most of the passengers of the ill-fated ship were drowned.
9. I watched ten thousand daffodils at a glance.
10. I saw and saw but little thought what wealth the show to me had brought.
EXERCISE 5
1. Aung San Suu Kyi was born in 1945.
2. She inspires all the freedom-loving people of the world.
3. Her struggle against the dictatorial rule is completely justified.
4. All the freedom-loving people of the world sympathize with her.
5. They criticize the dictatorship which is responsible for the bloodshed in Myanmar.
6. Suu Kyi firmly believes in a peaceful non-violent struggle.
7. We wish her success in realizing her dream of democracy soon.
8. Suu Kyi was educated in India and Nepal.
9. No words are enough to glorify Suu Kyi's character.
Underline seven verbs in the paragraph
The governor smiled. He asked his servant to bring in the chest. How eagerly the people standing around waited for the shepherd to be found out! But how great was their disappointment, and even of the king himself. When the chest was opened, no gold or silver or jewels but an old blanket was all that came out. (Underlined verbs: smiled, asked, bring, waited, found, opened, came)
8. THE PRIMARY AUXILIARIES
1. Nirmal is a doctor.
2. Sorry, I am late.
3. She has a house in Delhi.
4. Will you have a drink?
5. I have time to do some work now.
6. He had a racing bike when he was young.
7. They had a fierce argument on the subject.
8. Can I have a word with you, please?
9. Do you still have that old coat of yours?
10. When he was young, he was looked after by his uncle.
11. Normally, I do my breakfast while I am watching TV.
12. They did everything they could to help.
13. I will do the shopping tomorrow.
14. She said that she had plenty of time to do the cooking.
15. The company does a lot of work for charity.
9. SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORMS OF PRESENT TENSE
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
1. The sun sets in the west.
2. The magnet attracts iron.
3. They live in glass houses.
4. They throw stones at others.
5. Fortune favours the brave.
6. Barking dogs seldom bite.
7. He eats a lot.
8. The children like to eat sweets.
9. They learn English at school.
10. Who teaches you Maths?
EXERCISE 2
1. Rain falls from the clouds.
2. Death comes to everyone sooner or later.
3. The shop opens at 9 o'clock.
4. London stands on the Thames.
5. This road runs from Delhi to Chandigarh.
6. Do you drink coffee?
7. Does she wear gold?
8. I hear a train coming.
9. We go to Delhi on Sunday.
10. The Indians live in India.
11. Mr. Sharma goes to the office by bus.
12. We go to Shimla for a week every year.
13. A vegetarian is a person who never eats a meal.
14. An honest person always tells the truth.
15. I take my breakfast at 8 am.
16. There are some birds which migrate every year.
17. A person who sells ladies' hats is called a milliner.
18. My brother goes to the cinema every Sunday.
19. Wagha Border separates India from Pakistan.
20. Do you play football?
EXERCISE 3
1. What does the child need?
2. What are you worried about?
3. Where do you live?
4. How did they receive everyone?
5. Whom does he teach English to?
6. When does the train leave?
7. How many cards are there in the pack?
8. How much water can a camel drink at a time?
9. How often does he keep fast?
10. Whose books are these?
EXERCISE 4
Here is the rewritten passage:
Mohan has two sisters. The elder sister loves cricket. Who has two brothers? These three brothers, you know, are from Ranchi, where Dhoni lives. So Mohan loves cricket. Which game do you love? I love cricket. Dhoni is my icon. Mohan lives in Ranchi.
EXERCISE 5
1. The cat is drinking milk.
2. Jack is standing by the fire.
3. Are you drinking coffee?
4. You're seeing things.
5. He is smelling the bottle.
6. I am hungry.
7. We are leaving for Delhi next week.
8. When are you coming to see us?
9. My aunt is staying with us for a few weeks.
10. The workmen are repairing the road today.
11. He is taking his lunch at the moment.
12. The child is crying.
13. The sun rises in the east.
14. The train is leaving.
15. He never admits his fault.
16. I sleep for an hour after my lunch.
17. Why is the child crying?
18. She welcomes a guest whenever she has one.
19. Please make no noise; the child is sleeping.
20. Honesty is the best policy.
EXERCISE 6
Here are the corrected sentences:
1. I smell something burning.
2. I think you are right.
3. Why do you always disobey your parents?
4. The bus is going.
5. Here comes the bride.
6. My house stands on the sea-shore.
7. I see a man crossing the road.
8. I hear that he has passed.
9. I feel like sleeping.
10. The sooner you do it, the better it is.
11. All that glitters is not gold.
12. He knows me well.
13. I fear that an accident might happen.
14. Do you find any fault in this programme?
10. SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS FORMS OF THE PAST TENSE
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
The passage remains the same, but here it is in the simple past tense:
The Waiter
Three men in a cafe ordered a meal, the total cost of which was ₹ 15. Each contributed ₹ 5. The waiter took the money to the chef, who recognized the three as his friends and asked the waiter to return ₹ 5 to them. The waiter was not only poor at mathematics but dishonest too. Instead of taking the trouble of splitting the ₹ 5 among the three, he simply gave them ₹ 1 each and pocketed the remaining ₹ 2. Now, each of the men had effectively paid ₹ 4; the total paid amount was therefore ₹ 12. Add the ₹ 2 in the waiter's pocket, and the total comes to ₹ 14. Where had the other ₹ 1 gone?
EXERCISE 2
1. We had a very fine holiday last summer.
2. I took my meals an hour ago.
3. I had my scooter serviced yesterday.
4. She slept for eight hours last night.
5. I saw that film last Sunday.
6. It took me an hour to write a letter this morning.
7. Do you know whether the doctor has been here yet?
8. It rained every day last week.
9. He has always spoken the truth since I met him.
10. He has never cheated me yet.
EXERCISE 3
1. Did my mother go to the market every day?
2. Did he answer the question correctly?
3. When did his uncle visit them?
4. Where did you stay in Delhi?
5. How did he solve his problems?
6. Who built the Taj Mahal?
7. Didn't Pakistan believe in terrorism?
EXERCISE 4
1. When she realized I was looking at her, she turned away.
2. When he was in the hospital, we visited him every day.
3. Kalam suddenly collapsed while he was speaking to the students.
4. He watched the scene, which was very beautiful.
5. When his mother looked in the other direction, the child quietly went away.
EXERCISE 5
Set I
1. He crossed the road and stood on the other side.
2. When we came here, the sun was shining.
3. The students were listening while the teacher was speaking.
4. While running, he slipped and injured himself.
5. The student next to me tried to cheat in the examination.
6. Mohan died when a bus knocked him down.
7. I could not hear what the teacher was saying.
8. When the chief guest came on the stage, the students clapped.
9. While I was studying, I suddenly heard a loud shout.
10. My father was ninety when he died.
11. When we reached the station, we saw that the train had left.
12. I asked my friend whether he had applied for a job.
13. The Titanic sank while the passengers were crying.
14. Last year I visited the Elephanta Caves and saw that a part of it had crumbled.
15. When I reached home, the mother had cooked the meal.
Set II
1. When the teacher came, the students were talking and laughing.
2. He walked into the room in much rage.
3. While he was disturbing the class, he heard a shout from behind him.
4. The sound of the noise took the patient by surprise.
5. When he took off his cap, I realized that his hair was grey.
6. She carried a lot of money for that picture.
7. There was a time when pigeons carried the letters.
8. A school boy found a drunkard lying on the road.
9. We heard someone opening the gate while I was reading.
10. When he moved the lawn, he had to mow it.
EXERCISE 6
Here are five simple and continuous forms of past tense underlined:
It was on April 10, 1912, the Titanic _was sailing_ for New York from Southampton. At that time, she _was_ the largest ship in the world, built in a very special way. So she _was_ regarded as unsinkable. At that moment, the Titanic _was sailing_ across the icy waters of the North Atlantic. She _was carrying_ 1316 passengers and a crew of 891. Four days after setting out, a great disaster _happened_. At that moment, a huge iceberg _was spotted_ very close to the ship.
11. THE PERFECT TENSE
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
1. We came to this city last evening.
2. My friend was unwell last Sunday.
3. I have not met a better teacher yet.
4. Did you receive your brother at the station?
5. Have you seen the film that is showing at Regal?
6. I entered this college in 2010 and have been here ever since.
7. I have not heard from him since long.
8. Last month I went to visit Mr. Misra.
9. Tulsidas lived in the seventeenth century.
10. I wrote to him last week, but he has not replied yet.
EXERCISE 2
Set I
1. He lost his case and had to borrow money.
2. The train left when I reached the station.
3. I reached the station after the train had left.
4. He slipped out of the class, but the teacher did not know about it.
5. The mechanic repaired the car before I called on him.
6. He left for work before I got up.
7. They took dinner after the priest took his.
8. As soon as she heard the news, she wept bitterly.
9. He died although the doctors assured him of his survival.
10. The letter reached me after someone had read it.
11. Although he had visited India once, he decided not to come here again.
12. The doctor arrived after the patient had died.
13. I was reading when a sudden noise disturbed me.
14. I had hardly reached the station when the train whistled.
15. Mohan did his homework before he went to bed.
Set II
1. He prepared well before appearing in the examination.
2. The speaker started to speak after the guests had taken their seats.
3. The train reached the station an hour after it had whistled.
EXERCISE 3
1. The dog has been quiet most of the day, but it is barking now.
2. The child has been crying for a long time.
3. He has been visiting his patients all day.
4. The doctor has been on the job for the last two years.
5. The Sharmas are coming to dinner this evening.
6. My son has been waiting for quite some time.
7. When I first met him, Mr. Pal was working in Sonepat.
8. The sick man has been sleeping ever since eight o'clock.
9. The baby has been improving steadily all week.
EXERCISE 4
1. I have had nothing to do since I woke up in the morning.
2. The city has changed much since last year.
3. Now it is more than six decades since that soft and shining January evening when the Mahatma passed through the roses to his death.
4. His health has improved greatly since he underwent surgery.
5. We have not met since last Diwali.
6. Ever since he had that accident, he has been walking with a limp.
7. I have thought more highly of him as an actor since I saw his last film.
8. Since Monu went to that school, he has made rapid progress.
9. He has changed three jobs since he started working five years ago.
10. Since her son died, she has been very unhappy.
12. EXPRESSING THE FUTURE
EXERCISE 1
1. Get out of the building. It will collapse.
2. I will retire when I reach 60.
3. He has an idea. He will walk home across the park.
4. Next year, no doubt, more people will enter the competition.
5. I will receive him at the railway station.
6. Don't sit on that bench. I will paint it.
7. I am afraid I will get tired.
8. The school will re-open on 2nd January.
9. I am sure you will be here.
10. The Rajdhani express will leave for Mumbai at 10:30 am.
11. The price of milk will increase again.
12. The PM will visit the UAE on 16th and 17th of August.
13. We will visit the U.S. next summer.
14. He plans to take the test next month.
15. You will get your gift before your birthday.
[12/10, 10:56 AM] Meta AI: Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 2
1. Dinesh will be waiting for us at the appointed time.
2. When Sarla calls on me, I will be ironing my clothes.
3. The gardener will be watering the plants next month.
4. Sonu will be revising his lesson tomorrow at this time.
5. Mohini will be making tea when you enter her room.
6. The patient will be taking rest when the doctor arrives.
7. We will be welcoming our guest tomorrow morning.
8. At 11:30 on Sunday, my brother will be leaving for the US.
9. Ho will be having a nap in the afternoon.
10. The people will be assembling in the club this evening.
EXERCISE 3
1. I will have taken my bath by 8 am.
2. Before I enter the class, the teacher will have taught a lot already.
3. We will have revised our lessons twice before March.
4. He will have left before you go to see him.
5. By the end of the year, I will have completed this book.
6. Next year, my parents will have been married for twenty years.
EXERCISE 7
1. He will be taking a meeting this evening.
2. Ram will be playing a match next Sunday.
3. The chief guest will be addressing the gathering.
4. In Mumbai, I will be staying in a hotel soon.
5. I will be meeting my parents when the examinations are over.
13. MODALS
[12/10, 10:26 AM] Meta AI: Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
1. The soup is too salty! You should send it back.
2. This medicine should be kept in a cool place.
3. I'd stay at home today, if I were you.
4. She wouldn't sing for me, even though I often asked her to.
5. When in town, he would come to see me every day after work.
6. She wouldn't say what was wrong when I asked her.
7. Children should be taught to cook at an early age.
8. We took a taxi when it rained.
9. You should visit Kashmir; it's a beautiful place.
10. Your information should include details of the time-table.
EXERCISE 2
1. Every morning soon after her bath, she would start getting things ready for breakfast.
2. After reading about her in a magazine, I wanted to meet Malala myself.
3. Every day about midnight, he would begin talking in his sleep, which was very annoying.
4. He spent 2015 working as a teacher in Delhi.
5. When I was younger, I would spend hours playing football in the garden.
6. Even though it's freezing cold, some people just wear jeans and a T-shirt.
7. There is a boy in my class who asks the most ridiculous questions.
8. Everywhere he went, people would call out his name and ask for his autograph.
EXERCISE 3
1. The lion can be recognised by its roar.
2. It's a festive occasion; the school may be closed.
3. The train might be late; the weather is very bad.
4. I think I saw her in the market; she might not be at home.
5. I think you may enjoy yourself if you join the club.
6. Is that you don't want to help them?
7. He thought he was right, but he could have been wrong.
8. The plan could have gone wrong, but fortunately, it was a great success.
9. They haven't chosen anyone for the job yet, but they picked me.
10. Look! I can swim.
11. You can count on me to help with the party.
12. His injuries are severe; I wonder if he'll be able to work again.
13. Though there was snowfall, we could drive home in less than an hour.
14. I was hopeless at sports; I couldn't throw a ball properly.
EXERCISE 4
1. He is not in the office; he must have gone home.
2. The patient is serious; he must be taken to hospital.
3. I've got to take the test; I mustn't be disturbed.
4. Need you pay all your debts at once?
5. Need she be told everything in detail?
6. I think Anbari must be very rich.
7. I have enough money; I needn't ask my father for more money this month.
8. Since we have everything we require, we needn't go to the market today.
9. The weather is fine; you needn't take the umbrella.
10. You mustn't drink alcohol when you drive.
11. They must take the Kashmir problem to the UN.
12. You mustn't keep the medicines where children can get them.
13. You needn't have any qualification to be a politician.
14. Reporters mustn't mislead the public.
15. Now that smallpox has been eradicated, doctors needn't vaccinate against smallpox.
EXERCISE 5
1. We ought to go to school every day.
2. May I come in, sir?
3. As a child, I used to oppose my father.
4. I dare not leave at once.
5. It's rather late; we ought to go home.
6. We must obey our teachers.
7. Last year she used to wear the same dress in every party.
8. He daren't speak rudely to me.
9. It became so dark that we needn't see the path.
10. If you asked him again, he wouldn't refuse.
11. May his soul rest in peace!
12. You could do it, if you tried hard.
13. I have a word with you.
14. He said that he would climb up the hill.
15. I say that I love you.
EXERCISE 6
Here's the completed letter:
Dear Sonu,
(1) I would like this opportunity to congratulate you on your admission to your school.
(2) I also would like to make a few suggestions.
(3) You must avoid the company of bad boys.
(4) You mustn't quarrel with them; simply ignore them.
(5) In any case, you mustn't waste a single minute.
(6) You must devote yourself to your studies with all the power at your command.
(7) However, you mustn't ignore games.
(8) You can reserve an hour of your evening for them.
(9) You may play any of your favourite games during this hour.
(10) You must obey the rules of the hostel.
(11) As for the expenses, you needn't worry at all.
(12) Your loving brother.
14. Non-FINITE
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
The underlined verbs are:
- has been honoured (F)
- becoming (N)
- did (F)
- went (F)
- receive (N)
- celebrated (F)
- giving (N)
- win (N)
- depicting (N)
- centres (F)
- enable (N)
- establish (N)
- portrays (F)
- teetering (N)
EXERCISE 2
Here are the rewritten sentences:
1. It is wrong to walk on the green grass.
2. It is immoral to tell a lie.
3. It is very important to educate the young.
4. It would be a pity to be such a miser.
5. It is a common desire to be the ruler.
6. It requires hard work to stand first.
7. It is not safe to walk alone in the jungle.
8. It needs luck and pluck to be so rich.
9. It is a human desire to be loved.
10. It is a pity to love dogs and hate humans.
EXERCISE 3
Here are the combined sentences:
1. This room is small for three persons to live in.
2. It is dark for me to see anything.
3. She is careless to be relied upon.
4. I am strong enough to walk long distances.
5. He is intelligent enough to see through your tricks.
6. He is not careful enough to be relied upon.
EXERCISE 4
Here are the combined sentences:
1. He went to Agra to see the Taj Mahal.
2. The Prime Minister will address the public meeting.
3. He has applied for a job to earn money.
4. His uncle will be delighted to hear of his marriage.
5. He has a large family to look after.
6. The patient is still very weak to walk.
7. The stick is quite strong for me to break.
8. I have enough money to buy my choicest books.
9. He speaks in India's favour without being afraid.
10. The work is very hard for me to do alone.
11. We have plenty of food to eat.
12. We have some good news to tell you about.
13. There is work that I don't know how to do.
14. I am glad to see you.
15. The officer is very honest and cannot accept bribes.
EXERCISE 5
Here are the answers:
1. Tell him he may leave if he likes.
2. How dare you speak to me in that tone?
3. They did not seem to notice us.
4. Hadn't we better begin now?
5. If you don't mind, I'd rather go on singing.
6. Will you give me another cup?
7. You needn't trouble yourself again.
8. He did everything but bribe the officer.
9. You did more than lend me money.
10. I'd sooner resign than do wrong.
11. The magician made us laugh.
12. Please let me help you.
13. He saw me enter the house.
14. I bade him not do it.
15. He came to Delhi to meet him.
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 6
1. The children like playing with toys.
2. These days the boys also love dancing.
3. As soon as he saw the policeman, he began running.
4. Most children dislike going to school.
5. I prefer taking my dinner early.
6. He continued walking for a long time.
7. I forgot closing the door.
8. I remember washing my hands before taking meals.
9. The speaker went on speaking about his life.
10. I do not intend borrowing money.
EXERCISE 7
1. People present there laughed at his behaviour.
Answer: People present there laughed at his behaviour. (No change)
2. I hate to get up early in the morning.
Answer: I hate getting up early in the morning.
3. By chance I saw the notice yesterday.
Answer: I happened to see the notice yesterday.
4. I usually get up early on weekdays.
Answer: I usually get up early on weekdays. (No change)
5. Would you like to go for a walk?
Answer: Would you like going for a walk?
Here's the correct answer:
I continuously looked at the divine beauty of the snow-clad mountains.
Answer: I kept looking at the divine beauty of the snow-clad mountains.
EXERCISE 8
1. Mrs. Rao: Are you sure you will be able to manage?
2. Vijaya: Of course, mama. I am not a child; I can look after myself and my friends.
3. Mrs. Rao: Did you remember to pack all your medicines?
4. Vijaya: Of course yes! I didn't even forget to pack my World Atlas.
5. Mrs. Rao: And your story books?
Vijaya: I can't read while travelling. It makes me feel sick.
6. Mrs. Rao: Give them a ring as soon as you reach there. It will be exciting to see our old friends again.
7. Mrs. Rao: I know you are going to have lots of fun.
8. Mrs. Rao: Let me put a pocket calendar for you in case you forget the date of your return journey.
9. Vijaya: No kidding mama, I'll miss you. Well, you better go now. We are about to leave.
10. Mrs. Rao: Don't forget to keep us informed. Have a nice journey.
EXERCISE 9
(a) I like keeping my room clean.
(b) Bela suggested discussing social issues with irrational people.
(c) I hate driving recklessly on the highway.
(d) I prefer studying storybooks to my textbooks.
EXERCISE 10
(a) a fascinating personality
(b) a stolen car
(c) an interesting story
(d) a drowning son
(e) a fascinating match
(f) a speeding car
(g) a shining star
EXERCISE 11
(a) Walking along the footpath, he asked people to go in.
(b) Coming out of the room, she greeted the visitors.
(c) Hearing the news, he started crying.
(d) Finding the lock broken, he rang up the police.
(e) Feeling sleepy, he went to bed.
EXERCISE 12
(a) a sharpened pencil
(b) a worn sweater
(c) a bleached tablecloth
(d) a damaged monument
(e) an adopted child
(f) a broken leg
EXERCISE 13
(a) He refused to agree with them, convinced that he was right.
(b) He was very happy, awarded a prize for his science model.
(c) He went on a tour to Singapore, accompanied by his wife.
(d) He decided to appeal to the Supreme Court, convicted by the High Court.
(e) He could not sleep throughout the night, excited about the football match.
15. ACTIVE ÀND PASSIVE
EXERCISE 1
1. The Taj Mahal was built by Shahjahan.
2. The malaria virus is transmitted by the female Anopheles mosquito.
3. The case was solved by the police, and two persons were arrested.
4. Many houses and lives were destroyed by the volcanic eruption in Mt. Etna.
5. The ultra-violet rays are prevented from entering the earth's surface by the ozone layer.
EXERCISE 2
1. The bus fares have been increased by the government.
2. It is said that every child should be educated.
3. A beautiful portrait has been drawn by Anjana.
4. It is felt by everyone of us that India has achieved a greater respect in IT industries over the world.
5. The telephone was invented by Graham Bell.
EXERCISE 3
1. killed (Active)
2. compelled (Active)
3. was bitten (Passive)
4. was stolen (Passive)
5. gave (Active)
6. was delivered (Passive)
7. has made (Active)
8. was beaten (Passive)
9. was beaten (Passive)
10. has troubled (Active)
11. is admired (Passive)
12. was opened (Passive)
13. saw (Active)
14. was taken (Passive)
15. was destroyed (Passive)
EXERCISE 4
1. The minister refused to give me an audience. / I was refused an audience by the minister.
2. Harick teaches me music. / I am taught music by Harick.
3. The manager will give you a ticket. / You will be given a ticket by the manager.
4. Who gave Indrani the power? / Indrani was given the power by whom?
5. She handed me the notes. / I was handed the notes by her.
6. He gave me a shock. / I was given a shock by him.
7. I bought the baby a toy. / The baby was bought a toy by me.
8. He promised me a present. / I was promised a present by him.
9. They asked me my name. / My name was asked by them.
10. I'll buy you a pen. / You will be bought a pen by me.
EXERCISE 5
1. He was found guilty of murder.
2. The milk can be turned sour by a thunderstorm.
3. The storm was seen approaching by him.
4. I was kept waiting.
5. Who painted the house red?
EXERCISE 6
1. The PM is said to work 18 hours a day.
2. The missing boy was last seen wearing a blue dress.
3. It is said that the criminal kicked a policeman.
4. Nothing can be denied to him.
5. It is believed that there is a secret tunnel between the two houses.
EXERCISE 7
1. Walt Disney was born in 1901.
2. Beethoven was born in 1770.
3. Galileo was born in 1564.
4. Martin Luther King was born in 1929.
5. Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452.
6. William Shakespeare was born in 1564.
EXERCISE 8
1. Advertise the post. / The post should be advertised.
2. Do not covet wealth nor honour. / Wealth nor honour should not be coveted.
3. Lead us from darkness to light. / We should be led from darkness to light.
4. Love your enemies and bless them that curse you. / Your enemies should be loved and those who curse you should be blessed.
5. Keep your promise. / Your promise should be kept.
6. Strike when the iron is hot. / The iron should be struck when it is hot.
7. Neither a borrower nor a lender be. / One should neither be a borrower nor a lender.
8. Do not disturb the class. / The class should not be disturbed.
9. Attack the enemy. / The enemy should be attacked.
10. Let me write the letter. / The letter should be written by me.
EXERCISE 9
1. They say the PM works 18 hours a day. / It is said that the PM works 18 hours a day.
2. When people saw the missing boy last, he was wearing a blue dress. / The missing boy was last seen wearing a blue dress.
3. They say that the criminal had kicked a policeman. / It is said that the criminal kicked a policeman.
4. You cannot deny him anything. / Nothing can be denied to him.
5. People believe that there is a secret tunnel between the two houses. / It is believed that there is a secret tunnel between the two houses.
EXERCISE 10
1. The cry alarmed us. / We were alarmed by the cry.
2. His sudden death astonished everybody. / Everybody was astonished by his sudden death.
3. Do you not know him? / Is he not known to you?
4. His welcome pleased everybody. / Everybody was pleased by his welcome.
5. Manish married Sanjaya. / Sanjaya was married by Manish.
6. His defeat has surprised me. / I have been surprised by his defeat.
7. His servant has offended him. / He has been offended by his servant.
8. His rude behaviour vexed every one. / Everybody was vexed by his rude behaviour.
9. Snow has covered the field. / The field has been covered by snow.
10. What does the box contain? / What is contained in the box?
EXERCISE 5
1. He was found guilty of murder.
2. The milk can be turned sour by a thunderstorm.
3. The storm was seen approaching by him.
4. I was kept waiting.
5. Who painted the house red?
6. One may accomplish many things by a little effort.
7. We elected Tinku captain.
8. The teacher appointed him monitor.
9. He was refused admittance.
10. Why should you suspect me?
EXERCISE 6
1. Someone must do something before it's too late. / Something must be done before it's too late.
2. No one should take me for granted. / I should not be taken for granted.
3. They should have repaired the road before the rainy season. / The road should have been repaired before the rainy season.
4. They cannot make me work against my wish. / I cannot be made to work against my wish.
5. One can't explain a mystery. / A mystery cannot be explained.
6. They may allow him to stay a little longer. / He may be allowed to stay a little longer.
7. How could he deny me help? / How could I be denied help by him?
8. He could not deny me help. / I could not be denied help by him.
9. How will you finish the work? / How will the work be finished by you?
10. I should have spent less money on the ornaments. / Less money should have been spent by me on the ornaments.
Questions 1-15
1. The weather is fine, isn't it?
2. You know me well, don't you?
3. I have hardly any rest, have I?
4. Nobody is perfect, is he?
5. I am a student, aren't I?
6. He didn't speak very well, did he?
7. He was always admired, wasn't he?
8. Please do come in time, will you?
9. He is always late, isn't he?
10. Let us not do the wrong, shall we?
Fill in the blanks (II)
1. Soldiers were awarded for their bravery.
2. What is the length of this room?
3. The servant was charged for the break.
4. Failures are the stepping stones to success.
5. Most is feigning friendship.
6. Familiarity breeds contempt.
7. A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.
8. Who wants to live in bondage?
9. His words were heard with attention.
10. What is the time of the train's departure?
Fill in the blanks (III)
1. He had some doubts about you.
2. We haven't got any butter left.
3. The talks went on for some time.
4. She gave me a little money she had.
5. I hope he will stay a bit longer.
6. He was confused and had no idea of what he was doing.
7. I am older than my sister.
8. I'll see you in the latter part of the week.
9. What is the latest news?
10. Who entered the building last?
Fill in the blanks (IV)
1. a
2. the
3. the
4. in
5. his
6. the
7. a
Combine sentences (V)
1. I know the student who has stood first.
2. Mohan was late, and he was punished.
3. I say something, and I mean it.
4. You want something, tell me.
5. India has produced Sania Mirza, who is the best ever lady tennis player of the country.
6. Everyone wants to live, but no one is an exception.
7. He is a man, and I like him.
8. I have only one friend, and it is you.
9. Many things glitter, but all of them are not gold.
10. Gandhiji did many things, none of which was selfish.
Fill in the blanks (VI)
1. exceeded
2. will not bare
3. was born
4. are affected
5. always maintains innocence
Correct sentences (VII)
1. Look, there's the train!
2. I am thinking of going.
3. I have felt sick yesterday.
4. I have always found him good since I first met him.
5. I have never been to Mumbai yet.
Modal verbs (VIII)
1. We shouldn't ask for a loan for fear of losing the job.
2. Play well so that you win the match.
3. You hurry. There is enough time.
4. Will you lend me a hundred rupees?
5. We must hurry. We are almost late.
6. You may go anywhere you like.
7. You disturb me while I am working. I shut the door.
8. As for the expenses, you shouldn't worry.
Complete paragraph (IX)
1. in
2. with
3. also
4. into
5. into
6. let
7. into
Here's the completed paragraph:
Boil water in a kettle and rinse the teapot with boiling water. Two spoonfuls of tea leaves also go into the teapot. Now pour about two cups of boiling water into the teapot and close it with the lid. Let it brew for a couple of minutes. Boil milk and put it into the milk pot. Put a spoonful of sugar in each of the two cups. Pour tea into the cups, add some milk to give it a proper color, and stir the contents of the cups with a spoon. Tea is ready for being served.
[12/10, 3:58 AM] Meta AI: Here is the solution to Question X:
Water is boiled in a kettle and the teapot is rinsed with boiling water. Two spoonfuls of tea also go into the teapot. The tea leaves have already been put. Some boiling water is poured into the teapot and milk is boiled in the milk pot. Now tea has brewed for a couple of minutes. Some milk is added to the tea to give it a proper color. Sugar is put into the cups and tea is poured into the cups. The contents of the cups are stirred with a spoon. Tea is now ready for being served.
16. ADVERBS
Exercise 1
1. very (adverb of degree)
2. very (adverb of degree)
3. carefully (adverb of manner)
4. now (adverb of time)
5. yet (adverb of time)
6. there (adverb of place)
7. bitterly (adverb of manner)
The adverbs can be classified into four categories:
1. Adverbs of degree: "very" (modifies the adjectives "pale" and "serious")
2. Adverbs of manner: "carefully" (modifies the verb "tiptoed") and "bitterly" (modifies the verb "wept")
3. Adverbs of time: "now" (modifies the verb "is sleeping") and "yet" (modifies the verb "is")
4. Adverb of place: "there" (modifies the verb "come")
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 2
Here are the adverbs formed from the given adjectives:
- brave - bravely
- terrible - terribly
- serious - seriously
- beautiful - beautifully
- dreadful - dreadfully
- pleasant - pleasantly
- frequent - frequently
- safe - safely
- artistic - artistically
- delightful - delightfully
Here are the answers to the fill-in-the-blanks exercise:
1. He came a few minutes late.
2. Renu came very slowly.
3. I haven't seen him lately.
4. He was speaking seriously.
5. That he worked hard is true.
6. My house was praised highly.
7. The case has been begun recently.
EXERCISE 3
Here are the answers:
- surprising - surprisingly
- decided - decidedly
- ago - (no adverb form)
- past - (no adverb form)
- late - lately
- high - highly
- hard - hardly
- near - nearly
- true - truly
- good - well
- much - much
EXERCISE 4
Here are the answers:
1. He works as carefully as he can.
2. The show began earlier than the scheduled time.
3. He was the cheapest among the three.
4. It's more expensive to go by train than by car.
5. Going by air is quicker than going by mail.
6. Can you walk a bit more slowly?
7. I know him better than anybody else.
8. He did better than expected.
9. It is a distance farther than I thought.
10. Last night I went to bed earlier than usual.
11. It's very noisy here; can we go somewhere quieter?
12. The coffee is very weak; I like it a bit stronger.
13. The room was narrower than expected.
14. I have yet to meet a teacher better than him.
EXERCISE 5
Here are the answers:
1. Although the boys played well, our team lost the match.
2. Ishan bowled beautifully in Sri Lanka, better than any other bowler.
3. She looked for the missing parcel everywhere, but without success.
4. The tortoise ran slowly, but won the match.
5. He is friendly with everyone everywhere.
6. I have seen him walking slowly near the cinema.
7. He goes to the temple daily.
8. I have been to the US recently.
9. I shall be thankful to you for your kindness always.
10. He visits our place frequently.
11. These goods are cheaper and better than those.
12. It is hot today, but it was hotter yesterday.
13. He made a very interesting speech, speaking slowly and clearly.
14. He enjoys an office of great dignity.
EXERCISE 6
Here are the answers:
1. I quite agree with you.
2. The weather has been quite good; it was a nice day.
3. She sings rather well; she's got a good voice.
4. We had to walk a rather long way because the bus-stop wasn't quite near.
5. I'm rather tired; I've had a busy day.
6. The car goes quite well, but it's rather noisy.
7. The trip was rather long, but quite interesting.
8. Rajkumar is rather slow, but he's a hard worker.
9. I was rather disappointed with the meeting, but Neeru was quite pleased.
10. It's a rather well-paid job, but needs quite hard work.
EXERCISE 7
1. I am very thankful to you for your kindness.
2. What the chief has said is quite true.
3. I am quite well; how are you?
4. She loves me very much.
5. I am very disgusted at his failure.
6. It's too good to be true.
7. Too much of everything is bad.
8. I've enough money to feed myself.
9. I have quite enough money for my present use; you needn't bother.
10. The coffee is too hot for me to drink.
11. We were very scared to make a reply.
12. I was quite conscious that someone was coming.
13. It was not cold enough to wear the coat.
14. It's quite possible that you didn't see me.
15. They spoke very quickly for us to understand.
17. PREPOSITIONS
EXERCISE 1
The prepositions in the passage are:
- of (in "Hindustan Republican Association")
- to (in "win freedom for the country")
- through (in "through armed revolution")
- in (in "in 1925")
- on (in "on 19th December 1927")
- at (in "at district jail Faizabad")
- for (in "for the Kakori train robbery case")
- against (in "against the death sentences")
- to (in "to the Viceroy")
- for (in "for the blood of the Indian revolutionaries")
- to (in "to the cause of freedom")
- in (in "in Ashfaq")
- of (in "of the country")
- to (in "to the motherland")
EXERCISE 2
Here are the answers:
1. Gandhiji was born in 1869 and died in 1948.
2. Bhagat Singh was hanged during the reign of the British.
3. My birthday falls on December 25.
4. The aeroplane leaves at 2.30 and arrives in Mumbai at 6.15.
5. I call and see the minister on Sunday at three o'clock.
6. You must come back by 6 o'clock.
7. He came to see me during my absence.
8. I can only stay for a few minutes.
9. Mughal Gardens will be open to the public from 10 a.m. on Wednesday next.
10. Please let me have your answer by the end of the month at the latest.
11. I'll not leave the place until my brother arrives.
12. Let us wait until it stops raining.
13. He has gone and will be away till Monday.
14. Don't pay the bill today; wait till tomorrow.
EXERCISE 3
Here are the answers:
1. There is no one in the room.
2. What have you got on your head?
3. Who is that man standing at the bus stop?
4. Write your name at the top of the page.
5. There is a spider crawling on the wall.
6. Have you seen the notice on the notice board?
7. I prefer to sit in the first row.
8. Look at yourself in a mirror.
9. In India, we drive on the left.
10. It was a long journey; we were at sea for 30 days.
11. I love swimming in the sea.
12. There is a sweet shop just beside the temple.
13. An old building is located on the left, and a library is on the right.
14. These two boys sit next to each other in the class.
EXERCISE 4
Here are the answers:
1. He ran around the field five times.
2. He swam across the pond and came to the other side.
3. The train went through the tunnel.
4. The child ran to his mother.
5. He ran along the street to catch the thief.
6. People love to go to the mountains.
7. The boy fell off the chair.
8. The boy jumped over the river.
9. He got into the car in a hurry.
10. The man ran down the slope.
11. He threw the ball to the batsman.
12. We go to school by bus.
13. We started from home for school at 7 o'clock.
14. He banged his head against the wall.
Exercise 5:
1. Swami stood at the entrance of his class.
2. Mr. Samuel was teaching arithmetic in the class.
3. Swami stood at the entrance of the class.
4. He looked at Swami for a moment.
5. Swami thought that Mr. Samuel would fall upon him.
6. "Are you just coming to the class?"
7. Swami wanted to reply to Mr. Samuel.
8. But he merely said: "Just see what you can do."
9. "Then why did you come to school at all?"
10. "My father forced me to."
11. "All right, go to your seat."
18. CONJUNCTIONS
EXERCISE 1
1. We were going to school, and we had our books with us.
2. He is slow, but he is sure.
3. I was annoyed, but I kept quiet.
4. I want to come, but I have no time.
5. I am all right; I am just tired.
6. She must weep, or she will die.
7. He is mad, but he feigns madness.
8. Do not be a borrower, nor a lender.
9. Walk quickly, or you may not overcome him.
10. You may take it, or you may leave it.
11. It is not useful, nor is it ornamental.
12. We love him, and we honour him.
13. You may go or stay; I am not concerned.
14. He is foolish, and he is obstinate.
15. She will rise in life, for she is sincere and hardworking.
EXERCISE 2
1. I did not think that I would stand first.
2. He is thinking about which class to choose.
3. I could not come because I was busy.
4. He is not cleverer than his sister.
5. Unless a person works hard, he will not succeed.
6. He has changed a lot since I last met him.
7. If you have doubts, you should get them cleared.
8. He might be young, but he is competent.
EXERCISE 3
1. You should return my pen, or else you should pay its price.
2. I entered the house, and a guest came in.
3. A politician has no permanent friends, nor does he have permanent enemies.
4. Bihar has rich resources, but Bihar is poor.
5. Not only is Asit my friend, but Pal is also my friend.
6. He ran very fast, but I fell behind.
7. I like mathematics, and I like physics equally.
8. Not only have I invited all my relatives, but I have also invited all my friends.
9. He ran very fast, and he stood first.
10. You want a teacher, but he is not the type you want.
EXERCISE 4
1. Be just, and fear not.
2. Hard as you may work, you will not succeed.
3. He ran because he was afraid.
4. Hurry, or you will be late.
5. I am sure, for he said so.
6. Wait till I return.
7. Take a lamp, for the night is dark.
8. Rustum is slow, but Rustum is sure.
9. Take a lamp because the night is dark.
10. He is rich, but I am not so rich.
11. I ran fast, but I missed the train.
12. I shall not go, for I am not invited.
13. He worked hard, so that he might pass.
14. He was industrious, and I encouraged him.
15. I am not as rich as he is.
19. REPORTED SPEECH
EXERCISE 1
1. She said that face is the index of mind.
2. Mohan said that he could sing well.
3. I told my mother that we had won the match that evening.
4. He said that it might rain that night.
5. I believe that there is nothing good or bad, our thinking makes it so.
6. The shop-keeper said that death and the customer keep no calendar.
7. The teacher said that the Taj was built by Shahjahan.
8. I said that my brother might be back soon.
9. The professor said that the third battle of Panipat gave history a decisive turn.
10. You said that you never left home without your parents' permission.
EXERCISE 2
1. The doctor advised the patient to take the medicine regularly.
2. Modi said that he could not attend his Guru's last rites as he had been in the U.S. at the time.
3. I told him that I would write to him as soon as I reached Mumbai.
4. She told me that she was not like me.
5. I told my father that I could never leave him alone.
6. Saroj told me that she could not help me in the matter.
7. You told me that you had been promoted.
8. He told me that he was not sure of my success.
9. You told him that you wanted to consult his parents.
10. Ashok told me that my parents were waiting for me.
EXERCISE 3
1. He said that he was going to Kolkata that night.
2. She said that she was not feeling well that day.
3. You said that you would not appear in the examination that year.
4. I told him that I had received his letter that morning.
5. Mohan said that they would play again the next day.
6. Sarla said that she had missed me the previous day.
7. He said that he was not likely to go anywhere the next day.
8. The patriot said that thus he came and thus he went.
9. He told me that he had met a saint two years ago.
10. My friend said that it had been very hot the previous night.
11. The gardener said that those plants needed a lot of water.
12. Mother told Kalpana that her father had just gone out.
13. The hero cried that there were no fools there.
14. He said that alas, the great leader was no more.
EXERCISE 4
1. Father told me, "Let my clothes dry in the sun."
2. The teacher ordered the boys, "Read quietly."
3. The beggar begged Mohan, "Please give me a rupee."
4. He advised me, "Play some game to keep fit."
5. Pran invited me, "Have a cup of tea with me."
6. Mother told Kalpana, "Go to the kitchen and prepare a cup of tea for me."
7. His poor neighbor requested Nirmal, "Please take me to the hospital."
EXERCISE 5
1. Pinki exclaimed that she had passed.
2. He exclaimed to her that she had lost her purse.
3. The captain exclaimed that they had won the match.
4. The priest said that I might be blessed with eternal happiness.
5. He exclaimed that alas, the great leader was no more.
EXERCISE 6
1. Meenu asked Rohan how he had got up that tree.
2. Rohan snapped angrily that he had used a ladder, of course.
3. Rohan told Meenu to go and get another one instead of just standing there asking silly questions.
EXERCISE 7
1. The C.M. told the D.C. that the State Government would release a fund of 25 crores for the relief work.
2. The C.M. also asked the D.C. if the work was going on as per schedule.
3. The D.C. told the C.M. that the relief work was being carried out well.
EXERCISE 8
1. The beggar requested, "Please help a poor blind man."
2. The tyrant shouted, "Off with his head."
3. The Commander ordered the Squadron Leader, "Bomb the enemy camp at once."
4. The robber shouted, "Hands up!"
5. Father advised me, "Don't panic or lose your temper in any situation."
6. The Bible says, "Love your neighbor as yourself."
7. The old man prayed, "O God, help me in this hour of sorrow."
EXERCISE 9
1. Father told me to let his clothes dry in the sun.
2. The teacher ordered the boys to read quietly.
3. The beggar begged Mohan, "Please give me a rupee."
4. He advised me, "Play some game to keep fit."
5. Pran invited me, "Have a cup of tea with me."
6. Mother told Kalpana, "Go to the kitchen and prepare a cup of tea for me."
7. His poor neighbor requested Nirmal, "Please take me to the hospital."
EXERCISE 10
1. Pinki exclaimed that she had passed.
2. He exclaimed to her that she had lost her purse.
3. The captain exclaimed that they had won the match.
4. The priest said that I might be blessed with eternal happiness.
5. He exclaimed that alas, the great leader was no more.
EXERCISE 11
1. Meenu asked Rohan how he had got up that tree.
2. Rohan snapped angrily that he had used a ladder, of course.
3. Rohan told Meenu to go and get another one instead of just standing there asking silly questions.
20. PHRASES & CLAUSES,
EXERCISE 1
1. The news is happy.
2. The peacock is a beautiful bird.
3. Your education should be important for you.
4. Can you suggest a solution?
5. Dying a hero is better than living a long life.
6. Do you mind my asking a question?
EXERCISE 2
1. Ambani is a man of great wealth.
2. Gandhi was a man of strong principles.
3. Mukesh lives in a house of great beauty.
4. I like to see you looking happy.
5. Jagjivan belongs to a caste in India that is considered low.
6. The king wore a crown of great value.
7. Ahrawat is an elephant of great strength.
EXERCISE 3
1. Your outfit looks quite appropriate.
2. She cried all night.
3. The vacancy has already been filled.
4. All the books on the shelf have been read.
5. We were informed about the dinner.
EXERCISE 4
1. You will find him in the library.
2. The books are on the shelf.
3. The natural beauty of the hills has turned them into a tourist destination.
4. After gaining freedom, Nehru was the Prime Minister.
EXERCISE 5
1. She lived in the heart of a big city.
2. In this matter, you acted wisely.
3. Acting quickly, he pounced upon his adversary.
4. He was, at that time, the principal of the college.
5. I promise to meet you at 5 pm.
6. They have decided to go on a trip abroad.
EXERCISE 6
Pick out the noun clauses and say whether they are subject, object, complement or the object of a preposition
1. Tell me how you did it
2. That he will come is certain
3. We are sure that you will succeed.
4. Everything depends on how he does it
5. She says her mother is ill
6. How long he shall stay is not known to me
7. I cannot believe in what he says.
8. The truth is that we have lost the battle
9. The verdict is that the prisoner shall die
10. I think you have made a mistake
EXERCISE 7
SES AND CLAUSES
155
Supply the suitable noun clauses
1
2
3.
is not much
is what we think
4. Can you tell me
5. Do
was a secret
6. I understand
7. I am afraid
8. It is not clear
9. Do you know
10. The law will punish
[12/9, 3:18 PM] Meta AI: Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 8
1. A man who lives next door is very friendly.
2. I don't like plays that have unhappy endings.
3. The machine that broke down has now been repaired.
4. A boy who was injured in the accident is now in hospital.
5. A man who answered the phone told me you were out.
6. Have you found the keys that you had lost?
7. Do you know the person Tom is talking to?
8. What is the name of the film that you saw?
EXERCISE 9
1. A man who has decent manners is sure to be liked.
2. He told us the cost of the new house that he had bought.
3. The train that was leaving for Mumbai got delayed.
4. I still remember the days that I spent in college.
5. The time that has arrived now is for departing.
6. I have a book that contains interesting stories.
7. We admire a man who has principles.
8. You can have anything that you like.
9. People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
10. We were startled by the noise that was made by the blast.
EXERCISE 10
1. I like the dress that you are wearing.
2. The shop that we went to was shut down.
3. Some of the people who were invited could not come.
4. The car that we hired broke down after a while.
5. We live in a house that is very comfortable.
6. I love the man who is standing over there.
7. Have you seen the place where we are going to stay?
8. The people who we met were very friendly.
9. It was the worst thing that I have ever seen.
10. The party that we attended wasn't very enjoyable.
EXERCISE 11
1. You borrowed the car from a man whose name I don't know.
2. I met a man whose brother is my classmate.
3. Here is a man whose sister knows you.
4. He married a woman who left him soon.
5. I met a man in Delhi who is now a minister.
6. I know the man who has lent you money.
7. I went to Porbander, where Gandhi was born.
8. Panipat is a small town where a fierce battle was fought once.
9. I went back to a town where I was born.
10. No one knows the place where Saddam is hiding.
11. Do you know a restaurant where we may have a good meal?
EXERCISE 12
1. He is a man who has a good character.
2. There was a box that was full of sweets.
3. I am fortunate to have a teacher who is very intelligent.
4. He is a man who has great wealth.
5. My friend bought a table that had four legs.
6. There was a chair that was near the window.
7. I got a stick that had a carved handle.
8. She is a girl who has intelligent eyes.
9. The man who is wearing the red shirt is my brother.
10. Do not touch the painting that is standing in the corner.
EXERCISE 13
1. Since you have finished your work, you may go. (Adverb clause of condition)
2. Let him go if he so desires. (Adverb clause of condition)
3. The stone is so heavy that I cannot pick it up. (Adverb clause of degree)
4. Make hay while the sun shines. (Adverb clause of time)
5. When Sarla failed she wept bitterly. (Adverb clause of time)
6. I'll wait till you arrive. (Adverb clause of time)
7. When she walks past him, she always smiles. (Adverb clause of time)
8. He worked hard lest he should fail. (Adverb clause of purpose)
9. He cannot run because he is injured. (Adverb clause of reason)
10. He is so good that he cannot say no. (Adverb clause of degree)
11. If you do not help him he will be in trouble. (Adverb clause of condition)
12. He is as good a man as I can imagine. (Adverb clause of degree)
13. Do in Rome as Romans do. (Adverb clause of manner)
14. As far as I know, he is a man of good character. (Adverb clause of degree)
15. The earlier he comes, the better it is. (Adverb clause of degree)
EXERCISE 14
1. I will meet you when I return.
2. The box is so heavy that I need help.
3. Wait here until I come back.
4. Walk carefully lest you slip.
5. Come as soon as possible.
6. He attended the office although he was ill.
7. He became so weak that he could not walk.
8. He died before he could see his children.
9. Do not forget to see me before you leave.
10. We have taken good care of the child since his parents left.
EXERCISE 15
1. When the sun rises, they begin to pray.
2. When she returned from work, she stopped in the market.
3. He could not attend the party because he was ill.
4. Although he is poor, he is very honest.
5. After failing in the examination, the girl tried to commit suicide.
6. Since India became free, it chose the parliamentary system of democracy.
7. Even while going to the gallows, Bhagat Singh sang the song of patriotism.
8. After being elected, he dedicated himself to the service of the people.
EXERCISE 16
1. because they think the important thing is to have as many marbles as one could. (Adverb clause of reason)
2. so they also practice in their free time. (Adverb clause of result)
3. who has the most marbles. (Adjective clause)
4. who wins the most marbles. (Adjective clause)
TEST Paper 2,
EXERCISE 1
1. Wear your pain patiently.
2. In the early days, most people lived without much comfort. (No change)
3. I welcomed him wholeheartedly.
4. The battle was fought violently.
5. He accepted his defeat graciously.
6. He excused him mercifully.
7. There is no place where the sun cannot be seen.
EXERCISE 2
1. The police knocked at his door at midnight.
2. He was found roaming with gypsies.
3. I have known him since childhood days.
4. He works hard from morning till night.
5. The dog lay quietly on the table.
6. A walk early in the morning is good for health.
7. I met him for the first time at a party.
8. Please come at 4 pm sharp.
EXERCISE 3
Living in the year 2016, we have plenty of facilities available to us. Thanks to airplanes, we can travel around the world in a matter of hours. But as we all know, airplanes have come into existence over the past hundred years. Before that, man had tried to build various kinds of flying machines. Some of the earliest designing machines were made in 1070 in France. Lana sketched a flying machine suspended by wires. Bestier gave a detailed description of a machine that would lift a man to a height.
EXERCISE 4
1. I did not attend the function because I was not invited.
2. Some students have finished their work, so they are allowed to go home.
3. She is vain and foolish, yet people like her.
4. As soon as the last wicket fell, the crowd invaded the field.
5. You may pass or you may not pass; I don't care.
6. The airships were very large, but they could not be easily controlled.
7. He may run very fast, but even then he cannot catch the train.
8. The train was crossing a bridge when the accident took place.
9. I gave up smoking, and it is now five years after that.
10. No sooner had the bell rung than the students came out of their classrooms.
EXERCISE 5
Here is the dialogue rewritten as a passage in indirect speech:
Monu asked Sonu when the fancy dress competition in his school was. Sonu replied that it was after two weeks. Monu asked Sonu if he was taking part in it. Sonu said that he was taking part as an engine driver. Monu asked Sonu why he had chosen that role. Sonu said that he had chosen it so that he could reach late.
EXERCISE 6
Here are the answers:
1. Though Columbus promised his soldiers rich awards, not many came forward. (Subordinate clause - Adverb clause)
2. If you will give me a torch, I will explore inside the cave. (Subordinate clause - Conditional clause)
3. Don't ask the child to eat till he asks for food. (Subordinate clause - Adverb clause)
4. Mrs. Das wants to stop working because she gets very little time to attend to her family. (Subordinate clause - Adverb clause)
5. What he does is in the best interest of the country. (Subordinate clause - Noun clause)
6. I could not understand what he meant. (Subordinate clause - Noun clause)
7. Show me the pen that your brother presented you. (Subordinate clause - Adjective clause)
8. I met Mohan, who gave me a hundred rupees. (Subordinate clause - Adjective clause)
9. Don't desire what is not possible. (Subordinate clause - Adverb clause)
10. It is certain that he will help me. (Subordinate clause - Noun clause)
EXERCISE 7
Here are the answers:
1. Manna replied that he would come.
2. The man was blind, so he could not see.
3. I know the man who came yesterday.
4. I went to school because I had an exam.
5. We should act quickly, or we will miss the opportunity.
6. All students who participate in the competition will be given a prize each.
7. Nobody knew what had happened to him.
8. We can leave for the school when you are ready.
21. SENTENCE TYPE
EXERCISE 1
Mark simple and compound sentences in the following passage
The January 26 is celebrated as the Republic Day in every part of the country Our Constitution became effective on this day and we became a sovereign democratic republic. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India and it is the basic governing document. The constitution was prepared by a committee and the President of the committee was Dr. Ambedkar India got freedom in 1947 but it took almost three years to prepare the constitution. It is our duty to obey the laws laid in the constitution or we will come to grief.
EXERCISE 2
Read the following passage carefully Write 's for the simple sentences od for compound and ex for complex sentences
1. Maruti makes not only cars but also scooters
2. He passed his test and became famous
3. Work quickly else you may be late
4. The country in which I live is very large
5. I went to his house but he was not there.
6. I helped him for I thought he deserved it
(Marin)
7. Either he is mad or he pretends to be so
8. I went because I was invited
9. They never fail who fail in a great cause
10. He got more marks than we expected
11. He was guilty therefore he was punished
12. They reached the station when the train had left
13. Wherever you are remain happy
14. He must succeed for he has worked hard
15. He came, he saw and he won
16. Do good and find good
17. God helps those who help themselves
18. The Parliament passed the bill but the Supreme Court threw it out
19. He tried hard but he did not succeed.
20. She must weep or she will die.
21. They also serve who only stand and wait. 22. I thought I saw my late espoused saint.
23. My heart leaps up when I behold a rainbow.
24. Do in Rome as Romans do.
25. I do not admit impediments in the marriage of true minds.
Here are the answers:
EXERCISE 1
The passage contains the following sentences:
1. January 26 is celebrated as the Republic Day in every part of the country. (Simple)
2. Our Constitution became effective on this day and we became a sovereign democratic republic. (Compound)
3. The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India and it is the basic governing document. (Compound)
4. The constitution was prepared by a committee and the President of the committee was Dr. Ambedkar. (Compound)
5. India got freedom in 1947 but it took almost three years to prepare the constitution. (Compound)
6. It is our duty to obey the laws laid in the constitution or we will come to grief. (Compound)
EXERCISE 2
1. od (Compound)
2. od (Compound)
3. ex (Complex)
4. ex (Complex)
5. od (Compound)
6. ex (Complex)
7. od (Compound)
8. ex (Complex)
9. od (Compound)
10. s (Simple)
11. od (Compound)
12. ex (Complex)
13. ex (Complex)
14. ex (Complex)
15. od (Compound)
16. od (Compound)
17. s (Simple)
18. od (Compound)
19. od (Compound)
20. od (Compound)
21. s (Simple)
22. ex (Complex)
23. ex (Complex)
24. od (Compound)
25. s (Simple)
22. TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCE
Exercise 1
1. This moonlit night is beautiful.
2. You should have met me earlier.
3. We have lost everything.
4. It's unbelievable that Congress lost the elections.
5. Man is a remarkable piece of work.
6. My countrymen, the fall was tremendous!
7. The dance was wonderful.
Exercise 2
1. What a horrible thought!
2. What a beautiful stone this is!
3. What a delicious meal it was!
4. If only I had the wings of a dove!
5. How well the camel is fitted for the deserts!
6. How stupid of me to forget your name!
7. If only I had come an hour earlier!
Exercise 3
1. He hoped that he would stand first.
2. Bose's secret files are now likely to be made public, and the truth will be revealed.
3. I met a great cricketer who was known for his exceptional skills.
4. I was the first to arrive at the party.
5. As soon as he arrived, he began to work.
6. The lion is feared because of its fierceness.
Exercise 4
1. He is too old to learn anything new.
2. The judge found him guilty.
3. Tell me your address.
4. I do not know the departure time of the train.
5. The news of the minister's arrival made everyone happy.
6. A prudent person is suspected.
7. He died in his birthplace.
Exercise 5
1. He murdered the poor child and then robbed him.
2. He had to work hard to keep the wolf from the door.
3. The officer was caught red-handed while accepting the bribe, and it brought him eternal shame.
4. He must not attempt to escape, or he will face death.
5. Despite his hard work, he found the going very difficult.
6. Unfortunately, I missed the train.
7. With all his learning, he was far from being a pedant.
Exercise 6
1. The carpenter finished his work.
2. He gave the poor man food and money.
3. He suffered a setback.
4. He must pay the fee.
5. All of them endured great sufferings.
6. He became an expert player.
7. I ordered him to halt.
Make compound sentences by filling in the blanks with an appropriate coordinate conjunction.
1. I called her many times but she didn't answer the phone.
2. He is intelligent and honest.
3. He is old but he is active.
4. He not only lost his reputation but also brought a bad name to his family.
5. You may spend the night here or go home.
6. I reached the counter and there was no money in it, so I took my purse out.
7. The way may be long but do not give up hope.
8. We took part in the competition but our servant is slow, so we did not win any prize.
9. Our servant is slow, but he is honest and dependable.
10. Leave the house at once or I will call the police.
23. PUNCTUATION AND CAPITAL LETTERS
EXERCISE 1
1. Come here, David.
2. No, I am not going to Delhi.
3. Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians live like brothers in our country.
4. When I reached the spot, the party was over.
5. Mohan replied, "I am a student."
6. Mohan Lal, my best friend, is a wonderful man.
7. Men may come and men may go, but I go on for ever.
8. Neetu, his youngest daughter, married a South Indian.
9. He is, to say the least, not a man of my choice.
10. Caesar, to be honest, was really ambitious.
11. The result, frankly speaking, is not very encouraging.
12. Who does not need an honest, intelligent, sincere, and hardworking friend?
13. He will, I hope, recover soon.
14. He was in distress, for he had failed.
15. Unless you help, I'll not succeed.
EXERCISE 2
1. A propeller is a kind of fan with two or more blades, which is rotated by an engine.
2. When the propeller rotates fast, it propels the plane; that is, it drives it forward, and the pressure of the rushing air against the wings lifts the plane in the air.
3. Some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them.
4. "Sir, I would rather be right than be president."
5. "How old is your king?" he shouted across to Mallika's charioteer. When he learnt the age of the king of Kosala, he found both the kings were of the same age.
6. He tried to find out if either had an advantage over the other in the extent of his kingdom, or the size of his army, in his wealth, or caste, or family.
7. In the end, Columbus had to collect beggars and criminals from prisons and force them to join the crew.
8. Mira, the eldest of the four, was sixteen and very pretty, being plump and fair with large eyes, plenty of soft brown hair, a sweet mouth, and white hands, of which she was rather vain.
9. As Caesar loved me, I wept for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but as he was ambitious, I slew him.
10. When we think of the lives of great men, we do not so much honour their memory as we get an inspiration for living.
11. We feel that these great men were in every way better than us, yet they suffered more than we do.
12. No human attainment is cheap, least of all greatness in any walk of life; for greatness has its price, and the price of greatness is always pain.
13. What is university education after all? It tries to prepare our minds in four basic abilities.
14. The shepherd, finding his flock destroyed, exclaimed, "I have been rightly served; why did I trust my sheep to a wolf?"
Dr. Shankar D Mishra, Sr. Lecturer in English, Bhubaneswar. For guidance in grammar, call at:8249297412
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