CONTENTS
GRAMMAR
1.
Agreement of the Verb with Its Subject
2.
Adjectives: Order and Degrees of Comparison
3.
Adverbs: Position and Order
4.
Articles
5.
Prepositions
6.
Tenses
7.
Active and Passive Voice
8.
Direct and Indirect Speech
9.
Substitution of One Part of Speech for Another
10.
Conditionals
11.
Interchange of Sentences
12.
Transformation of Sentences
13.
Synthesis of Sentences
Chapter
: 1. Agreement of the Verb with Its Subject
EXERCISE
A.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.
1.
The writer and editor (have/has) arrived at the conference.
2.
Fish and chips (is/are) a popular dish in the UK.
3.
Emissions from factories, in addition to overconsumption of plastic (cause/causes)
a rise in global temperatures.
4.
The CEO, along with his advisors, (meet/meets) before the beginning of the
financial year.
6.
The physics book (is/are) with the teacher.
6.
The Philippines (has/have) a diverse culture.
7.
One third of the workforce (is/are) expected to work remotely.
8.
None but the leaders of the unit (knows/know) the details of
the
agreement.
9.
Each runner and each cyclist (train/trains) for at least six months before the
competition.
10.
The jury (was/were) divided on the verdict.
11.
The orchestra (tune/tunes) their instruments before the concert.
12.
Mathematics (is/are) a challenging subject for many.
13
The Principal and the teacher (is/are) discussing the new curriculum.
14.
The artist, with her assistants, (has/have) completed the mural.
15.
Twenty per cent of the class (does/do) not have the access to computers.
16.
This is one of those issues that (requires/require) immediate attention.
17
The United States (has/have) implemented new immigration policies.
18.
Both the novel and the film adaptation (was/were) critically acclaimed.
19.
Sandwiches and college (is/are) served as a snack in such parties.
20.
Each of the books (has/have) a unique story.
B.
Choose the correct option.
If
you make a snowball and keep pressing and kneading it in your hands, it converts/convert
into a solid lump of ice. That is/are just what the Sun does to
the snowfield. It keep/keeps melting the new snow, and this press/presses
down into the old snow, so that the weight of the whole thing squeeze/squeezes
out the frozen snow into the valleys in the form of glaciers. And, as this
process goes on year after year, the glacier would naturally keep going lower
and lower down into the valley were it not for the fact that the point, or
snout, as it is termed, of the glacier very frequently break/breaks
off. and disappear/ disappears into the torrent of ice-water
which flow/flows away from it. So some glaciers, although always
moving, never grow/grows any longer, but others creep/creeps
a little bit farther down each year.
Chapter
: 2. Adjectives: Order and Degrees of Comparison
EXERCISE
A.
Rewrite these sentences by placing the adjectives from the brackets in the
correct order before the underlined word.
1.
The scarf caught her eye at the boutique. (French silk, embroidered
2.
The author lived in a cottage in the countryside (historic, quaint,
tiny)
3.
The lawyers prepared documents at night. (legal, lengthy, two)
4.
The coins shone in the bright daylight (gold, majestic, round)
5.
This store sells jewellery. (Mexican, expensive, silver)
6.
The employees were asked to watch the videos. (educational, boring,
three)
7.
We watched in awe as the sky was filled with lanterns. (Japanese,
beautiful, paper)
8.
The explorers hiked through a forest to reach their destination. (lush,
tropical, dense)
9.
The cafe near my house offers meal options (authentic, many, nutritious)
EXERCISE
A.
Fill in the blanks using the correct degree of adjectives given in the brackets.
1.
May is the ……..month of the year. (hot)
2.
This diet is not helping him. He needs a …….. diet. (nutritious)
3.
There are many ways of solving this problem, but this one is the…….. .
(good)
4.
Josh is one of the …….. players of the team. (fine)
5
The Eiffel Tower is …….. than the Qutb Minar. (tall)
6.
Which is …….. , a bag of feathers or a bag of stones? (light)
7
This is the …….. sum I have had to solve. (difficult)
8.
After she lost her job her outlook on the future grew even …….. .
(gloomy)
9.
A …….. surprise awaited them after their trip. (pleasant)
10
This curry is the …….. thing on the table. (tasteless)
EXERCISE
A.
Rewrite the given sentences after correcting the errors. Do not alter the
meaning of the sentences.
1.
Let us all meet here at a latter date.
2.
Of the two proposed layouts, I like the later.
3.
My brother is elder than I.
4.
Muskaan was the elder of the two children.
5.
Radhey is the oldest of my uncle's children.
6.
This sofa is the eldest furniture in this room.
7.
The latest time I saw him, he seemed rather disheartened.
8.
We expect to get the nearest update in an hour.
9.
The thieves were taken to the next police station.
10.
I could hear people talking in the nearest room.
EXERCISE
A.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary but do not alter the meaning of each
sentence.
1.
Antarctica is one of the coldest places on this planet. (Begin: Very few places…..)
2.
I go to the gymnasium more frequently than she does. (End: …….I do)
3.
Very few people in my family are as knowledgeable as Uncle Dhar. (Begin. Uncle
Dhar is)
4.
Harsh is the most talkative boy in the class. (Use: more talkative)
5.
Amitabh Bachchan is more popular than any other actor in India. (Use: most
popular)
6.
Sunday is the best day of the week. (Use: good)
7.
This room is darker than the living room. (Begin: The living room….)
8.
Shravni is the person most suitable for the role. (Begin: No other…..)
9.
Very few poets are as great as Browning. (Use: one of the)
10.
Tintin is one of the most famous comic characters in this world. (Begin: Very
few)
11.
Raji is not the swiftest runner in the team. (Use: as swift as…..)
12.
No other person in the club is as respected as General Sharma. (Use: most
respected
13.
It was riskier to cross the stream using a boat than by swimming. (Use: as
risky as)
Chapter:
3. Adverbs: Position and Order
EXERCISE
A.
Rewrite the following sentences by inserting the adverbs given in the
brackets-do not emphasise them.
1.
I looked for the missing bag. (everywhere)
2.
Rachel will come to India during Diwali. (probably)
3.
I was busy creating the diorama for the project. (quite)
4
The new song by my brother's band is irritating. (rather)
5.
I have encountered a psychic. (recently)
6.
Motivation pushes us. (ahead)
7.
You may flip through the book before answering my questions. (quickly)
8.
Rajat got into an accident because he was driving. (recklessly)
9.
Sheela seems to sing. (effortlessly)
10.
Jaya stays quiet in the class. (seldom)
EXERCISE
A.
Choose the sentence that has the most appropriate order of adverbs.
1.
a. This was one of the most beautiful sculptures here ever found.
b.
This was one of the most beautiful sculptures ever found here.
c.
Here, this was one of the most beautiful sculptures ever found.
d.
This was one of the ever found most beautiful sculptures here.
2
a I often used to visit the botanical garden last year.
b.
Often, I used to visit the botanical garden last year.
c.
I used to visit the botanical garden last year often.
d.
I used to visit the botanical garden often last year.
3.
a. The students last year staged the play Hamlet in the auditorium.
b.
Last year, the students staged the play Hamlet in the auditorium.
c.
The students staged the play Hamlet last year in the auditorium.
d.
Last year, in the auditorium, the students staged the play Hamlet.
4.
a Sometimes, 1 like to have a cup of tea in the evening.
b.
In the evening, I like to have a cup of tea sometimes.
c.
I sometimes like to have a cup of tea in the evening.
d.
I like to have a cup of tea in the evening sometimes.
5.
a. I skip breakfast nowadays rarely.
b.
Nowadays I skip breakfast rarely.
c.
I rarely skip breakfast nowadays.
d.
Rarely nowadays I skip breakfast.
Chapter:
4. Articles
EXERCISE
A
Rewrite the passage by inserting the appropriate articles (a, an or the)
wherever necessary.
Mount
Everest is located in Himalayas and is tallest mountain in world. Climbers from
all over world come to Nepal to scale heights of Everest. Recently, group of
climbers decided to take on challenge. They packed their bags with equipment,
food, and water. As they began their ascent, they marvelled at beauty of Nature
around them. They passed by lush forests and serene lakes, enjoying
breathtaking views. On third day, they encountered unexpected snowstorm. They
had to take shelter and wait until storm had passed. Despite hardships, they
were determined to reach summit.
One
of climbers, named Raj, mentioned that he prefers to travel on foot when
exploring new places. He believes that best way to experience Nature is by
immersing oneself in it. Raj also shared his favourite climbing spots,
including Mount Kilimanjaro and Andes. He described feeling of accomplishment
when reaching top of mountain and breathtaking views that made journey
worthwhile.
On
final day of their expedition, climbers finally reached summit of Mount Everest.
It was moment of triumph and joy. They took photos to capture memory and began
their descent. As they made their way down, they reflected on journey and felt
sense of satisfaction. Climbing mountains is not just about reaching top, but
also about experience and memories created along way.
B.
Fill in the blanks with a, an or the Mark the blank with (X) if no articles are
needed.
1.
……….. significant discovery was made by ………. researchers in ………. field of
genetics.
2.
After spending years in ………. Amazon rainforest, Dr. Martinez published ……….
comprehensive study on ……….flora and fauna of the region.
3.
He has ………. incredible talent for playing ………. piano.
4.
………. Great Wall of China is ………. iconic symbol of the Chinese civilization.
5.
I saw ………. interesting documentary about life ………. Amazon rainforest.
6.
………. Shakespeare was ……….
famous playwright who wrote many classic plays.
7.
She is ………. expert in ………. field of quantum physics.
8.
He bought ………. new computer to replace ……….old one.
9.
……….Nile River is ……….longest river in ……….world.
10.
………. intriguing aspect of her research is that it challenges ………. established
theories.
11.
While exploring ………. remote village, they found ……….ancient artefact that
belonged to ………. lost civilization.
12.
He enjoys reading ………. books on ………. philosophy and history, but he
finds ………. science fiction novels more interesting.
13.
……….students were
asked to submit a composition on ………. impact of ………. Industrial
Revolution by ………. end of ………. term.
14.
………. most challenging part of ………. exam was ………. section on ……….organic
chemistry.
15.
According to ………. latest survey, ………. unemployment rate has decreased in
……….Southeast Asia.
16.
During their visit to ………. National Gallery of Modern Art, they admired ……….works
of ……….famous artists such as S. H. Raza and Amrita Sher-gil.
17.
………. visit to ……….Paris is incomplete without seeing ………. Eiffel Tower and
taking ……….boat ride on ……….Seine River.
18.
………. second page has a detailed explanation of the points enumerated on
……….first page.
19.
……….judge and ………. jury sentenced ………. convict to prison on charges of……….arson.
Chapter:
5. Prepositions
EXERCISE
A.
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions.
1.
She has been working tirelessly………. the inception of the project.
2.
The film festival will take place………. the last weekend of June.
3.
The conference is scheduled ……….9:00 am to 5:00 pm ……….Monday to Friday.
4.
Our flight to Mumbai was delayed, so we did not arrive ………. late at night.
5.
They have been living in London ……….the turn of the century.
6.
The museum is open ……….10:00 a.m. ………. 6.00 pm. every day except Mondays.
7.
The committee will announce the results ………. the end of next week.
8.
She has promised to send the report ………. tomorrow morning.
9.
He has been studying Chinese ………. three years and is almost fluent now.
10
We will not know the outcome of the negotiations ………. official confirmation we
receive.
11.
The exhibition will be held ………. Saturday so make sure to visit ………. the
afternoon.
12.
They have been waiting ………. the bus stop ………. over an hour.
13
The concert tickets have been sold out ………. Weeks.
14
The store is closed ………. Sundays and public holidays.
15
They have been staying ………. the resort ………. last Monday.
16.
I will call you ………. I arrive ………. the airport.
17.
The event has been rescheduled ………. next month ………. the organisers request.
18.
She usually goes jogging ………. the morning ………. weekends.
19.
The seminar is happening ………. the first week of July.
20.
He will be away ………. business ………. the next two weeks.
21.
We should reach ………. an hour.
22.
They slept ………. late ………. Sunday morning.
B.
Choose the correct prepositions of time to complete the sentences.
1.
She has been learning to play the piano for/since she was six years old.
2.
The restaurant will be closed on/for renovations until/to the end
of the month.
3.
The book has been on the bestseller list in/for six consecutive weeks.
4.
They have been friends from/since they met at/in high school.
5.
The train will depart within/in five minutes.
6.
He has been waiting in/at the doctor's office since/for almost an
hour.
7.
The workshop is scheduled in/on the first Monday of every month.
8.
We will travel to Mussoorie at/on Christmas.
9.
They reached the summit just before/within sunset, and took in the
breathtaking view.
10.
The new regulations will come into effect within/in the next month.
EXERCISE
A
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions of place.
1.
Malini stood ……….. the summit overlooking the vast valley below.
2.
Faheem found himself ………. a dilemma while choosing ………… two prestigious job
offers.
3.
The elves discovered hidden treasures ………… the ancient ruins.
4.
The chandelier hung ……….. the ceiling.
5.
The hikers ventured deep ……….. the dense forest, guided only by moonlight.
6.
The helicopter hovered …………. the bustling city skyline.
7.
The family gathered ………… the fireplace to share stories and laughter.
8.
The diver dived …………… the crystal-clear waters.
9.
I was ………… the bus when I saw you sitting.
10.
………… a hundred people have complained about the lack of drinking water
in their neighbourhood.
EXERCISE
B.
Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence.
1.
The CEO's office is located ………. the top floor of the skyscraper.
a.
at b. in c. on d. above
2.
They live in a quaint village nestled ………. the rolling hills.
a.
between b. among c. beside d. under
3.
The children found a treasure chest buried ………….. the coconut tree.
a.
below b. under c. with d. beside
4.
The astronaut floated ……….. the International Space Station.
a.
on b.
in c.
upon. d. into
5.
He placed the sculpture ………….. a marble pedestal in the art gallery.
a.
in b.
on c.
by d.
with
6.
The drone flew …………… the ancient ruins, capturing breathtaking aerial views.
a.
above b. under c. into d. over
7.
She found a secluded spot ……….. the lush green meadow to have a picnic.
a.
among b. between c. in d. into
8.
The ship sailed …………. the stormy seas, battling fierce waves.
a.
on b.
over c.
into d.
under
9.
He found his keys ……………. the clutter on his desk.
a.
among b. between c. at d. in
10.
The hotel room had a balcony with stunning views ……….. the city skyline.
a.
of b.
over c.
beside d. into
11.
I was …………. my brother.
a.
along b. besides c. beside d. after
12.
She placed her order ……………. the friendly waiter at the Italian restaurant.
a.
with b.
in c.
on d.
by
13.
The painting was displayed …………. the elegant museum wall.
a.
in b.
on c.
beside d. with
14.
The children played …………. the playground.
a.
on b.
in c.
at d.
with
15.
He tucked the children …………. and said good night.
a.
in b.
on c.
under d. by
EXERCISE
A.
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1.
The trail winds ………. the dense forest, offering stunning views of the valley.
2.
The concert will be held ……… the amphitheatre overlooking the city.
3.
She drove …………. the mountain pass to reach the secluded cabin.
4.
Whom were you speaking ……………?
5.
She is proud and looks down ………….. her colleagues.
6.
The length of this room corresponds ………….. the length of my room.
7.
Bittu and Parth differed ……………. each other in their opinions on climate change.
8.
She found herself …………. a difficult situation when dealing with the unexpected
crisis.
9.
Smita argued ……….. the new rules that were being implemented in her
neighbourhood.
10.
She battled her way ………….. the crowd.
11.
We were asked to gather…………… the teacher.
12.
The family manages to get ………….. with what they have.
13.
Where does Akshara get her charm ……………….. ?
14.
Mrs. Kapoor was bent ………………… attending the meeting.
15.
Mehul promised to turn ………………. the composition by the end of the day.
16.
He opted out ……………… the race.
17.
The teacher told the students to work ………….. their assignments during the
break.
18.
Mother has been putting ………… with Toto's mercurial nature for years now.
19.
Rohini needs to go ……….. the dialogues before auditioning for the part.
20.
Holmes was frustrated as he could not figure ………. who had left the scarf behind.
21.
The team needs to sort ……………. the issue before making any decisions.
22.
They had to come ………… a compromise during the negotiation.
23.
He tried to work ………… his fear of public speaking by practising regularly.
24.
Iqra needs to sort ………. her clothes before donating them to charity.
25.
They finally agreed ……………. the plan after hours of discussion.
26.
Neela does not get ………….. with her classmates.
27.
We must look …………… the elderly.
28.
I have always looked ………………. my parents.
29.
My father and uncles made ………….after years of disagreements.
30.
Parimal's career took after……… he received the Best Performance award.
Chapter
6: Tenses
A.
Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.
1. I ………….. e-mails to my best friend every
week. (write)
2. The children ……….. the poem yesterday.
(recite)
3. The dogs ……….. in the kennel from next
week. (stay)
4. I often ……….. on rough terrains. (drive)
5. I ………….. for almost two hours. (jog)
6. The students ………….. the project before the
summer break. (finish)
7. At present, I ………….. extremely happy for
you. (feel)
8. I ………… this picture last night. (paint)
9. The Sun ………… brightly most mornings.
(shine)
10. Gitu ………… her school soon. (change)
11. Roshni ………….. the poem before her friends
do. (learn)
12. She ……….. a lovely portrait. (draw)
B.
Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in
the brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the
word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
1.
Example; Sudha…………(a) (study) in Class X.
Answer:
(a) studies
Sudha
(b) (want) to become a nurse when she grows up. Right from her childhood she
(c)
(dream) of becoming a nurse and helping others. In school, whenever she (d)
(give) the topic ‘Your Goal in Life,’ she always (e) (write) about this dream
of hers, where she (f) (see) herself as a caregiver. She (g) (watch) films and (h)
(read) books with stories of nursing which (i) (motivate) her even further.
2. Example: Jyoti (a) (forget) how to ride the
cycle.
Answer (a) had forgotten
At least she (b) (think) so. When her cousins
(c) (bring) their shining, new bicycles and (d) (ask) her to join them. Jyoti
(e) (tremble) inside. She (f) (wonder) where her confidence (g) (vanish). Was
it the accident that (h) (rob) her of her confidence? Otherwise, she (i)
(ready) to fly away on the cycle with her cousins.
3. Example: The athlete (a) (practise) hard.
Answer (a) had been practising
Each morning, she (b) (wake) up early to run
and (c) (break) the timings of the previous day. She (d) (be) fitter had she
not been recovering from the fever. Now she (e) (focus) on strength-building
and agility. Her mother (f) (serve) her a healthy diet and her father (g)
(help) her keep time. Her coach constantly (h) (encourage) her to be the best
version of herself. She (i) (promise) herself that she would achieve her goal.
4. Example: Alice (a) (feel) useless.
Answer: (a) felt
Alice (b) (begin) to get very tired as she (c)
(sit) by her sister on the bank of the river. She (d) (has) nothing to do. Once
or twice she (e) (peep) into the book her sister (f) (read), but there (g) (be)
no pictures or conversations in it. ‘What (h) (be) the use of a book,’ (i)
(think) Alice, without any pictures?
5. Example: Everyone (a) (look) at Meg.
Answer (a) looked
Nobody (b) (speak) for a minute; then Meg (c)
(say) sombrely. The reason Mother (d) (propose) this is because she (e)
(contemplate) not buying any presents this Christmas. It (f) (snow); and she
(g) (think) we ought not to spend money for pleasure, when our men (h) (suffer)
so in the army.’ The sisters (i) (nod) their heads in agreement.
6 Example: The book (a) (define) pride as a
feeling of honour and
self-respect.
Answer (a) defines
Pride (b) (come) before the fall. If we (c)
(do) something well and are praised for it, let it not (d) (go) to our heads.
We (e) (face) a lonely life if we let Pride
(f) (rule) us. Some philosophers (g)
(consider) Pride a virtue, but in some religions it (h) (define) as a sin.
While taking pride in one's work is important, it is equally important to not
let it (i) (turn) into hubris.
(Hubris refers to excessive pride, arrogance,
or overconfidence, often leading to a downfall or failure. In ancient Greek
tragedy, hubris was considered a flaw that could bring about the protagonist's
demise.)
7. Example: What (a) (be) his name?
Answer (a) is
‘I (b) (meet) him if he (c) (come) early,’ I
said. ‘If I am (d) (lodge) with anyone, I (e) (want) him to be of meticulous
habits. I (f) (need) to meet him first and (g) (decide) whether I want to lodge
with him or not. you (h) (inform) him
about my eccentricities?’ He would like (i) (meet) me face to face as well, I
am sure.
8. Example: I (a) (admire) my father.
Answer (a) admire
My father (b) (fight) for the rights of the
underprivileged for years. He (c) (be) a man of conviction who (d) (hesitate)
to ask for help if it (e) (concern) only himself but, always (f) (demand) that
the poor (g) (help). He (h) (pioneer) this cause when in school and (i) (be)
still at it.
9. Example: Princess Rajni (a) (be) very kind.
Answer (a) was
The princess (b) (live) in a large palace. But
she (c) (long) to see if the villagers (d) (be) happy or sad. She (e) (dress)
up as a commoner last month and (f) (plan) to go to the village, but the king
(g) (stop) her. He (h) (be) worried for her safety. The princess (i) (remain)
upset until her father decided to accompany her to the village.
10. Example: Last night Harry (a) (meet)
Wilbur, the ghost.
Answer: (a) met
‘Hello, hello,’ (b) (say) Wilbur as he (c)
(start) to (d) (look) around. He (e) (wear) a plumed hat on his long curly
hair, and a tunic with a ruffle, which (f) (conceal) the fact that his neck was
almost completely (g) (sever). He (h) (be) as pale as smoke, and Harry could
see right through him if he (i) (want).
11. Example: I (a) (live) with my grandparents
forever.
Answer (a) have lived
The marshes (b) (be) just a long black
horizontal line then, as I (c) (stop) to look after him, and the river (d) (be)
just another horizontal line. On the edge of the river, I could faintly make
out only two things-the beacon by which the sailors (e) (steer), and the other,
a gibbet, (gallows) with some chains hanging to it
which (f) (hold) a pirate once. The man (g) (limp) on towards it, as if he (h)
(be) the pirate come to life, and he (i) (go) back to hook himself up again.
12. Example: The night of the meeting (a)
(arrive).
Answer (a) had arrived
All the animals (b) (be) now present except
Peter the tame cat, who (c) (sleep) on a perch behind the back door last night.
When Major (d) (see) that they (e) (has) all made themselves comfortable and
(f) (wait) attentively, he (g) (clear) his throat and (h) (begin) to speak
about how he (i) (concern) for their future.
13. Example: Sana (a) (has) a bright future
ahead of her.
Answer (a) has
Sana (b) (study) in England next year. She (c)
(pass) her board exams by then. She (d) (receive) offers from the schools there
for some time now as her school (e) (recommend) her very highly. Sana (f)
(prepare) her applications
carefully, and now her prospects (g) (look)
really good. She (h) (stay) with her cousins there. They (i) (look) forward to welcoming
her to England.
14. Example: Pip (a) (depend) so much on Poe.
Answer: (a) depended
‘We (b) (stay) together and be friends
forever, won't we. Poe?’ (c) (ask) Pip. ‘Even longer,’ Poe (d) (think) of
replying, but he (e) (say) otherwise. ‘If ever there is a tomorrow when we (f)
(be) not together, you must (g) (remember) what I (h) (speak) to you about. You
(i) (be) braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, and smarter than you
think.
15. Example: The prospect of earning the
thousand rupees (stimulate) the sporting and commercial instinct of the
villagers.
Answer: (a) had stimulated
Children (b) (post) night and day on the
outskirts of the local jungle. They (c) (head) the tiger back to the jungle.
Cheaper kinds of goats (d) (leave) about with elaborate carelessness (e) (keep)
him satisfied with his present quarters. The one great anxiety (f) (be) lest he
should die of old age before the date that (g) (appoint) for the memsahib's
shoot. Mothers carrying their babies home through the jungle after the day's
work in the fields (h) (hush) their singing, lest they might (i) (curtail) the
restful sleep of the tiger.
16. Example: Well, I (a) (follow) you to your
door.
Answer (a) followed
This was (b) (make) sure that I was really an
object of interest to the celebrated Mr. Sherlock Holmes. Then I (c) (wish) you
goodnight, and (d) (go) to see my husband. We both (e) (think) the best
resource was flight, when (f) (pursue) by so formidable an antagonist. As to
the photograph, your client may rest in peace. I love and (g) (love) by a
better man than he. I (h) (keep) it only to safeguard myself from any steps
which he might take in the future. I (i) (leave) a photograph which he might
care to possess.
Chapter
7: Active and Passive Voice:
EXERCISE
A.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each
of them. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not alter the meaning
of each sentence.
1.
Shut the door.
Begin:
Let……………… .
2.
The teachers rewarded the diligent students.
End:
……………the teachers.
3.
Our football club had organised a charity match for us.
Use:
……………… had been ……………….. .
4.
Are you preparing a meal for your parents?
Begin:
Is…………………………………?
5
Geeta wrote some patriotic poems for the competition.
End:
……………………………… Geeta.
6.
The children will have eaten their breakfast by now.
Use:
………………… will have been ……………… .
7
We should carry out our responsibilities conscientiously.
Begin:
Our responsibilities ………………… .
8.
Doctors and nurses were helping the wounded.
End:
………………………..doctors and nurses
9.
The Indian team has won the match convincingly.
Use:
……………. has been ………………. .
10.
Govind will cook spaghetti for his friends.
Begin:
Spaghetti ……………… .
11.
Please do as I say.
End:
………………………… told.
12.
The medicines were prescribed according to the symptoms by the doctor.
End:
……………………………………….symptoms.
13.
Length is measured in metres.
Begin:
We……………………… .
14.
Not many people read print newspapers these days.
Begin:
Few………………………… .
Chapter
8: Direct and Indirect Speech
EXERCISE
A.
Identify the error in the indirect speech and write the correct sentence
1.
D. Ajaz said, ‘We are compiling a project on Sustainable Development Goals.’
I.
Ajaz informed that they are compiling a project on Sustainable Development
Goals.
2.
D. Roshan said, ‘We do not have any electricity at home.’
1.
Roshan complained that we did not have any electricity at home.
3.
D. ‘Let us investigate the case,’ the
detective said.
I.
The detective suggested that they investigates the case.
4.
D. ‘I shall never forgive him’, she said.
1.
She said angrily that she will never forgive him.
5.
D. ‘I made a mistake’, Rishi said.
I.
Rishi confessed that he makes a mistake.
6.
D. ‘Will you show me the way?’ asked Shiv.
I.
Shiv enquired if I would show me the way.
7.
D. My teacher said, ‘Write your assignments neatly.’
I.
My teacher asked us write our assignments neatly.
8.
‘I may visit you tomorrow,’ said Sreya.
D.
Sreya informed that she may meet me the following day.
9.
D. My grandmother says, ‘Kind people are always blessed.’
I.
My grandmother said kind people are always blessed.
10.
D. ‘Two years ago, this house was not here,’ he said.
I.
He informed that two years ago, this house was not there.
B.
Two sentences are given - Sentence A is complete, but sentence B is not.
Complete sentence B in a way that it matches the meaning of sentence A.
1.
A. The magician enquired if I wanted to see his tricks.
B.
The magician said to me, ‘………………………….. .’
2.
A. My mother said, ‘May God bless you.’
B.
My mother prayed……………….. .
3.
A. Vedant said that he had completed his homework.
B.
Vedant said, ‘I………………………… .’
4.
A. My coach said, ‘I know you will play well.’
B.
My coach motivated me saying………………… .’
5.
A. ‘Can you hear me clearly, Chintu?’ asked Vani.
B.
Vani asked Chintu……………………… .
6.
A. She said, ‘I may miss school on Friday.’
B.
She said that……………………… .
7.
A. Gayatri said that she would start her voyage the day after.
B.
Gayatri said, ‘……………………………… .’
8.
A. The newcomer enquired where the ice cream parlour was.
B.
The newcomer said to me, ‘……………………….. ?’
9.
A. Shivani said, ‘I have been waiting for the new opportunity.’
B.
Shivani informed ………………………. .
10.
A. I asked Fardeen, ‘Whom have you given my bat to?’
B.
I asked Fardeen ………………………… .
C.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not alter the meaning of each
sentence.
1.
Rupsa said, ‘Here is the book I was looking for.’ (Begin: Rupsa said that)
2.
The villagers said, ‘We cannot live without water.’ (Begin: The villagers
complained)
3.
‘Will you attend the online meeting?’ I asked my father. (Begin: I enquired)
4.
‘Do not disobey the laws of the country.’ (Begin: We were)
5.
My aunt says, ‘Our lives are always full of challenges.’ (Begin: My aunt says)
6.
The man said, ‘I was nowhere near the house tonight.’ (Begin: The man)
7.
Ananya said, ‘I have not met them since last week.’ (Begin: Ananya said)
Chapter
9: Substitute of one part speech for Another
EXERCISE
1.Fill
in the blanks with the correct form of the underlined word.
1.
The plants will grow well on this soil.
Children's
……….. depends on their diet.
I
water the …………. shrubs daily.
2.
Please do not react negatively when you see my artwork.
I
was surprised to see my mother's………….. .
This
metal is extremely……………….. .
3.
The train arrived at the station on time.
I
waited for my cousin to ……………… .
The
……………. and departure gates are finally open.
4.
He finally succeeded at his attempt.
His
attempt was finally met with …………… .
At
last, the puppy was …………. in catching its own tail.
5.
He looked very anxious before the results.
His
…………. showed on his face as he waited for the results.
Amit
waited ……………… for his results.
6.
This is the correct answer.
Brij
………………. his brother's grammar homework.
I
wish I could answer these questions……………. .
7.
Nitu completed the task perfectly.
It
was a ………… day for a picnic.
The
Taj Mahal is sheer ……………… .
B.
Rewrite the following sentences by changing the part of speech as given in the
brackets. Make other changes, if necessary. Do not alter the meaning of the
sentence.
1.
The rehearsal was smooth. (Use: smoothly)
2.
The speech was constantly interrupted. (Use: interruption)
3.
Mary's jealousy for her sister was concerning. (Use: concern)
4.
She gave me a bright smile. (Use: brightly)
5.
Kapil was made the Captain of the new. team (Use: captaincy)
6.
There is nothing left to investigate. (Use investigation)
7.
The length of the curtain brushed against the floor. (Use: long)
8
The King questioned the guard's loyalty. (Use: loyal)
9.
Could you explain this, please? (Use: explanation)
10.
We packed our bags in preparation for the journey. (Use: prepare)
11.
We must preserve our natural resources. (Use: preservation)
12.
Was the distribution of sweets even? (Use: distribute)
13.
Anik had a sound sleep last night. (: soundly)
14.
We must identify the reason for this mishap. (Use: identification)
15.
The context of this passage is not clear. (Use: contextualised)
Chapter
10: Conditionals
A.
Make sentences by joining the following pair of ideas using 'if'.
1.
you drop this glass, water spill everywhere
2.
win the lottery, travel the world
3.
if she know of my win, happy for me
4.
you invite her, she come to the party
5.
work hard now, successful later
6.
follow regulations, in trouble
B.
Join the following pairs of sentences using if without altering the meaning.
1.
We will reach Dehradun by 7:00 p.m. We board the bus now.
2.
Give me a chance. I can explain.
3.
He will be angry. I do not answer his call.
4.
It was very difficult. Otherwise. I would have cracked the paper.
5.
She had not received the grant from the university. She would be sad.
6.
He had not worn a sweater. Else he would not have fallen sick.
C.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not alter the meaning of each
sentence.
1.
If my friend had not come over to my house, I would have reached the venue on
time. (Use: but for)
2
If the flowers were made of chocolate, I would have eaten them. (Use: Provided)
3.
If I do not participate in the chess tournament, will you be angry? (Begin:
Supposing)
4.
If you are not honest, you will not be respected. (Use: otherwise)
5.
We will play football tomorrow if I feel better. (Begin: Should)
6.
If you do not stop eating junk food you will fall sick. (Use: unless)
7.
I will lend you my book if you return it on time. (Use: provided)
8.
If it was not so humid, would have played outdoors. (Begin: But for)
Chapter
11: Interchange of sentences
EXERCISE
A.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not alter the meaning of each
sentence.
1.
The pool is so deep that the child cannot swim in it. (Use: too)
2.
Sayami distributes food to the hungry children every Sunday. (End: Sunday?)
3.
Did Manish ask you to buy the groceries? (Begin: Manish)
4. That is the smallest object. (Begin: No
other)
5.
If the Sun does not shine, I shall not be playing outside. (Begin: Unless)
6.
How terrible the thunderstorm is! (End: terrible)
7.
If Sunita had guessed correctly, she would have won the quiz. (Begin: Had)
8.
Preethy and Ratul are coming to the party. (Add a question tag.)
9
Mohit's goal was one of the best I have ever seen. (Begin: Very few)
10.
I would rather feel the pain than take medicine. (Use: prefer)
11.
The history teacher told us to submit the assignment. (Begin: We)
12.
The scenery was fascinating. (Begin: What…)
13.
Everyone will agree that the session was interesting. (Begin: No one)
14.
I am going to be really late to the party. (Add a question tag.)
15.
As soon as I started singing the lullaby, my nephew fell asleep. (Begin:
Hardly)
16.
As soon as she heard the news, she started sobbing. (Begin: No sooner)
17.
Barely had I finished one project before I started to work on the next. (Begin:
As soon as)
18.
The show was a success, despite a few minor problems. (Use: notwithstanding)
19.
As soon as the Principal entered the room, the class fell silent. (Begin:
Barely)
20.
Lalit's parents denied him permission for an overnight trip. (Use: did not)
Chapter
12: Transformation of sentences
A.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not alter the meaning of each
sentence.
1.
We had left early for the airport, but we got stuck in traffic. (Begin:
Although)
2.
It was well known that Mrs. Parker was talented. (Use: talent)
3.
Saira is planning the event and performing a solo dance. (Use: not only …… but
also)
4.
In spite of being talented. Pratik did not hone his skills. (Use: but)
5.
I quickly managed to recognise the bag that belonged to me. (Use: my)
6.
After a long day at work, I was too tired to walk home. (Use: so…..that)
7.
Only a fool would be quitting this job. (Begin: Nobody)
8.
She cleaned the room and then organised her study table. (Begin: After)
B.
Choose the correct option to rewrite the following according to the
instructions given after each sentence. Do not alter the meaning of the
sentence.
1.
My brother has to apologise to me or I will never speak to him. (Begin: Unless)
a.
Unless I never speak to him, my brother has to apologise to me.
b.
Unless my brother apologises to me, I will never speak to him.
c.
Unless my brother apologises to me, I never spoke to him.
d.
I will never speak to my brother unless he apologises to me.
2.
The conman finally confessed his guilt to the jury. (Use: that)
a.
That the conman was guilty was clear from his confession to the jury.
b.
The conman finally confessed that he was guilty.
c.
The conman finally confessed his guilt to the jury.
d.
The conman finally confessed to the jury that he was guilty.
3.
Having finished his homework, Piyush went out to play badminton with his
friends. (Use: after)
a.
After he finished his homework, Piyush went out to play badminton with his
friends.
b.
Piyush went out to play badminton with his friends after having finishing his
homework.
c.
After finished his homework, Piyush went out to play badminton with his
friends.
d.
After Piyush went out to play badminton with his friends, he finished his
homework.
4.
Geetha has found the football that she had lost. (Use: but)
a.
Geetha found the lost football.
b.
The football is lost but Geetha found it.
c.
Geetha found a football but it was lost.
d.
Geetha had lost her football but she has found it.
5.
Unless you leave now, you will get caught in the storm. (Begin: If)
a.
If you get caught in the storm, you will need to leave.
b.
If you leave now, you will get caught in the storm.
c.
If you do not leave now you will get caught in the storm.
d.
You will get caught in the storm now if you do not leave.
Chapter
13: Synthesis of sentences
EXERCISE
A.
Join these sentences using the instructions given in the brackets.
1.
Mr Biswas has been taken to the hospital. He had a heart attack. (Use: because)
2.
He is a business person. He is a social worker. (Use: both …. and)
3.
I took the decision. I am of sound mind. (Use: being)
4.
Dheer has never been to Italy. Dheer has never been to Switzerland. (Use:
neither…. nor)
5.
Global warming is one of the greatest threats to the world. It is obvious.
(Use: that)
6.
The shop sells magazines. The shop sells books. (Use: as well as)
7.
The mother left. The baby started crying. (Use: when)
8.
The traveller was weary. The traveller was hungry. (Use: not only….. but also)
9.
Ruku must practise hard. She will not be able to perform well. (Use: or)
10.
I was called to the Principal's office. It was urgent. (Use: urgently)
11.
They were close to the peak. They gave up. (Use: however)
12.
I have complete faith. She will win the championship. (Use: that)
B.
Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using and b
or so. Choose the correct option.
1.
Dona had to borrow some money for a sandwich. She had run out of money.
a.
Dona had to borrow a sandwich as she had run out of all her money.
b.
Dona had to borrow some money for a sandwich yet she had run out of all her
money.
c.
Dona had run out of all her sandwich because she had borrowed some money.
d
Dona had to borrow some money for a sandwich as she had run out of all her
money.
2.
The drive was very pleasant. I enjoyed it.
a.
I enjoyed the very pleasant drive.
b.
The drive was very pleasant because I enjoyed it.
c.
I enjoyed the drive who was very pleasant.
d.
The drive was enjoyed pleasantly by me.
3.
I met my cousin. She is a college professor.
a.
I met my cousin since she is a college professor.
b.
I met my cousin because she is a college professor.
c.
I met my cousin who is a college professor.
d.
I met my cousin when she was a college professor.
4.
I was irritated. I remained silent.
a.
Either I was irritated or I remained silent.
b.
I was irritated because I remained silent.
c.
Not only was I irritated but also I remained silent.
d
Though I was irritated, I remained silent.
5.
I am extremely upset with my fellow students. I am hurt too.
a.
Beside being extremely upset with my fellow students, I am hurt.
b.
Besides being extremely upset with my fellow students, I am hurt.
c.
My students have hurt and upset me.
d.
I am not either upset or hurt by my fellow students.
6.
Ritika is pretty. Ritika is bright.
a
Ritika is either pretty or bright.
b.
Ritika is pretty since she is bright.
c.
Ritika is pretty because she is bright.
d.
Ritika is not only pretty but also bright.
7.
My sister may call while I am out. Ask her to call me tomorrow.
a.
If my sister calls while I am out, ask her to call me back.
b.
Although I am out, ask my sister to call me tomorrow when she calls.
c.
When I am out, ask my sister to call.
d.
My sister, who may call while I am out, can call me tomorrow.
8.
The players arrived. The match started.
a.
Though the players arrived, the match started.
b.
The match started because the players arrived.
c.
The players arrived to start the match.
d.
As soon as the players arrived, the match started.
9.
Dameer creates sculptures. He exhibits them at the museum.
a.
Dameer creates sculptures when he exhibits them at the museum.
b.
Dameer creates sculptures as he exhibits them at the museum.
c.
Dameer either creates sculptures or he exhibits them at the museum.
d.
Dameer creates sculptures which he exhibits at the museum.
10.
Sumita submitted her assignment. She went out with her friends.
a.
Having gone out with her friends, Sumita submitted the assignment.
b.
Having submitted the assignment, Sumita went out with her friends.
c.
Sumita submitted her assignment and went out with her friends.
d.
Sumita went out with her friends because she submitted the assignment.
11.
I wish I knew how to bake. I would have baked a cake for Mother's Day.
a.
If I knew how to bake, I would have baked a cake for Mother's Day.
b.
If I had known how to bake, I would have baked a cake for Mother's Day.
c.
If I knew how to bake a cake, I would have baked.
d.
If I did not know how to bake, I would not have baked the cake.
12.
Someone has broken the crystal vase. He will be punished.
a.
He who has broken the crystal vase will be punished.
b.
Someone will be punished when he breaks the crystal vase.
c.
If someone has broken the crystal vase, he will be punished.
d.
When someone has broken the crystal vase, he will be punished.
Compiled by Dr. Shankar D Mishra, Sr. Lecturer in English, Bhubaneswar
WhatsApp for any grammar queries; 8270604524
