WITH THE PHOTOGRAPHER, by Stephen Leacock
GLOSSARY, SUMMARY & QUESTION-ANSWERS
Part Two
Page 142. “Stop,” I said with emotion ……………Page 144. I broke into tears and left.
Glossary
emotion — strong feeling — भावना, आवेग
with emotion — with strong feeling — भावावेश में
dignity — calm self-respect — गरिमा
with dignity — with self-respect and calm — गरिमा के साथ
faults — defects — दोष
lived with it — accepted and endured it — उसे अपनाकर जीया
learned to love — gradually accepted — धीरे-धीरे प्रेम करना सीख लिया
out of drawing — badly shaped; badly proportioned — सही बनावट में न होना
conscious — aware — सचेत
break in my voice — voice becoming choked — आवाज़ का भर्रा जाना
animate — give life or expression — सजीव बनाना
features — parts of the face — चेहरे के नाक-नक्श
rise from the seat — stand up — सीट से उठना
pulled a string — triggered the camera — डोरी खींचकर कैमरा चलाना
bitingly — with sharp sarcasm — तीखे, कटाक्षपूर्ण ढंग से
caught the features — captured facial expression — चेहरे की भंगिमा पकड़ ली
moment of animation — instant of expression — अभिव्यक्ति का क्षण
develop the negative — process film to make image visible — नेगेटिव विकसित करना
proof — trial print of a photograph — नमूना छायाचित्र
went back — returned — वापस गया
beckoned — signalled by gesture — इशारे से बुलाया
graver — more serious — अधिक गंभीर
unfolded — opened — खोला
looked at it in silence — observed without speaking — चुपचाप देखा
hesitatingly — with doubt — हिचकिचाते हुए
retouched — corrected or altered — सुधार किया हुआ
splendidly — excellently — शानदार ढंग से
come out splendidly — appear very well — बहुत अच्छे दिखाई देना
momentary — lasting a very short time — क्षणिक
process — method or technique — प्रक्रिया
Delphide — chemical process (imaginary) — डेल्फ़ाइड (काल्पनिक प्रक्रिया)
eyebrows are removed — eyebrows taken off — भौंहें हटा दी गईं
carry the hair away — remove hair — बाल हटाना
brow — forehead — भौंह / ललाट
skull — head bone — खोपड़ी
superficies — surface — सतह
clear back — pushed far back — पूरी तरह पीछे किया हुआ
bitterness — deep resentment — कड़वाहट
lost on the photographer — not understood by him — फोटोग्राफर पर असर न होना
adjusted — slightly altered — थोड़ा बदला हुआ
likeness — resemblance — समानता
strike me as — seem to me — मुझे प्रतीत होना
thoughtfully — after thinking — विचारपूर्वक
fix that in the print — correct in final photo — अंतिम फोटो में सुधार करना
Sulphide — chemical substance/process — सल्फ़ाइड
interrupted — stopped while speaking — बीच में रोका
drawing myself up — standing erect proudly — गर्व से तनकर खड़ा होना
to their full extent — to the maximum — पूरी सीमा तक
withering scorn — crushing contempt — विनाशकारी तिरस्कार
blasted the man — utterly crushed him — उसे पूरी तरह ध्वस्त कर देना
depict — represent; show — चित्रित करना
mad though it seems — however foolish it may appear — चाहे यह पागलपन लगे
as Heaven gave it to me — as God made it — जैसा ईश्वर ने दिया
humble though the gift — modest though the gift was — भले ही उपहार साधारण था
reconcile them to my loss — help them accept my death — मेरी मृत्यु को स्वीकार कराने में सहायक
mistaken — wrong — भ्रमित
go on with your brutal work — continue your harsh actions — अपनी निर्दयी हरकतें जारी रखो
brutal — harsh; cruel — निर्दयी
negative — photographic film image — नेगेटिव
whatever it is you call it — whatever name you give it — तुम चाहे जो नाम दो
bromide — chemical compound — ब्रोमाइड
oxide — compound with oxygen — ऑक्साइड
cowhide — leather from cow skin — गाय की खाल
anything you like — as you wish — जो चाहो वह
restore — bring back — पुनः स्थापित करना
reanimate — give life again — फिर से सजीव बनाना
reconstruct — rebuild — पुनर्निर्माण करना
waistcoat — sleeveless jacket — वास्कट
gloss — shine — चमक
emboss — raise design — उभारना
gild — cover with gold — सोने की परत चढ़ाना
acknowledge — accept — स्वीकार करना
keep it for yourself — retain it — उसे अपने पास रखो
worthless — without value — मूल्यहीन
bauble — showy but useless object — दिखावटी, तुच्छ वस्तु
broke into tears — suddenly started crying — अचानक रो पड़ा
Paraphrase in English
The narrator asks the photographer to stop, speaking emotionally but with self-respect. He asserts that the face being altered is his own, a face he has lived with for forty years and whose faults he knows well. Though imperfect and awkwardly shaped, it belongs to him alone, and he has learned to accept and even love it. He insists that his mouth and ears are his own too and begins to rise in protest. At that very moment, the photographer takes the picture. The photographer smugly claims he has captured the narrator’s features at a lively moment. The narrator sarcastically responds and asks to see the photograph, but the photographer explains that the negative must first be developed and asks him to return later. When the narrator returns on Saturday, the photographer appears serious and proud. They examine the photograph silently. The narrator questions whether the image is really him, especially the eyes and eyebrows. The photographer calmly explains that he has retouched the eyes and entirely removed and replaced the eyebrows using a new process, as he dislikes hair low on the forehead. The narrator grows increasingly bitter as he learns that his mouth has been altered and his ears are to be removed using yet another chemical process. Finally, the narrator angrily interrupts, declaring that he wanted a simple photograph that truly resembled him as God made him, so that his friends might remember him after his death. He condemns the photographer’s cruel artificial methods and sarcastically invites him to alter the picture endlessly until it becomes a glossy, decorative object. Such a photograph, he says, is worthless to him. Overcome with emotion, he bursts into tears and leaves.
Paraphrase in Hindi
वक्ता भावुक होते हुए, लेकिन गरिमा के साथ, फोटोग्राफर से रुकने को कहता है। वह दृढ़ता से कहता है कि जिस चेहरे को बदला जा रहा है, वह उसी का है—एक ऐसा चेहरा जिसके साथ उसने चालीस वर्ष बिताए हैं और जिसकी कमियों से वह भली-भांति परिचित है। भले ही वह चेहरा असुंदर और असंतुलित हो, वह उसी का है और उसने उसे स्वीकार करना सीख लिया है। वह ज़ोर देकर कहता है कि उसका मुँह और उसके कान भी उसी के हैं और विरोध में उठने ही वाला होता है कि तभी फोटोग्राफर तस्वीर खींच लेता है। फोटोग्राफर संतोषपूर्वक कहता है कि उसने चेहरे के भावों को जीवंत क्षण में पकड़ लिया है। वक्ता व्यंग्यपूर्वक उत्तर देता है और तस्वीर देखने की माँग करता है, पर फोटोग्राफर बताता है कि पहले नेगेटिव विकसित करना होगा और उसे बाद में आने को कहता है। शनिवार को लौटने पर वक्ता देखता है कि फोटोग्राफर गंभीर और गर्वित है। दोनों चुपचाप तस्वीर देखते हैं। वक्ता संदेह करता है कि क्या वह सच में वही है, क्योंकि आँखें और भौंहें उसकी जैसी नहीं लगतीं। फोटोग्राफर बताता है कि आँखें सुधार दी गई हैं और भौंहें हटा कर नई तकनीक से बदल दी गई हैं, क्योंकि उसे माथे पर नीचे तक बाल पसंद नहीं। वक्ता का आक्रोश बढ़ता जाता है जब उसे पता चलता है कि मुँह बदला गया है और कानों को भी हटाने की योजना है। अंत में वह क्रोधपूर्वक फोटोग्राफर को रोकता है और कहता है कि वह एक साधारण तस्वीर चाहता था जो उसे वैसा ही दिखाए जैसा ईश्वर ने बनाया, ताकि उसकी मृत्यु के बाद उसके मित्र उसे याद कर सकें। वह फोटोग्राफर की निर्दयी और बनावटी प्रक्रिया की निंदा करता है और व्यंग्य में कहता है कि तस्वीर को जितना चाहे सजाए, चमकाए और बदले। ऐसी तस्वीर उसके लिए पूरी तरह मूल्यहीन है। यह कहकर वह फूट-फूटकर रो पड़ता है और वहाँ से चला जाता है।
1. Why does the narrator say “Stop” at the beginning of the passage?
A. He is frightened
B. He is angry about payment
C. He is emotional and protesting
D. He wants to change pose
Ans. C
A. He is frightened
B. He is angry about payment
C. He is emotional and protesting
D. He wants to change pose
Ans. C
2. With what feeling does the narrator speak when he says “Stop”?
A. Fear
B. Emotion and dignity
C. Excitement
D. Amusement
Ans. B
A. Fear
B. Emotion and dignity
C. Excitement
D. Amusement
Ans. B
3. How long has the narrator lived with his face?
A. Twenty years
B. Thirty years
C. Forty years
D. Fifty years
Ans. C
A. Twenty years
B. Thirty years
C. Forty years
D. Fifty years
Ans. C
4. What does the narrator say he knows well about his face?
A. Its beauty
B. Its faults
C. Its fame
D. Its mystery
Ans. B
A. Its beauty
B. Its faults
C. Its fame
D. Its mystery
Ans. B
5. What does “out of drawing” suggest about the narrator’s face?
A. Perfectly shaped
B. Artistically drawn
C. Badly proportioned
D. Newly changed
Ans. C
A. Perfectly shaped
B. Artistically drawn
C. Badly proportioned
D. Newly changed
Ans. C
6. What happens when the narrator begins to rise from the seat?
A. The photographer stops him
B. The camera breaks
C. The photograph is taken
D. The narrator faints
Ans. C
A. The photographer stops him
B. The camera breaks
C. The photograph is taken
D. The narrator faints
Ans. C
7. How does the photographer trigger the camera?
A. By pressing a button
B. By clapping
C. By pulling a string
D. By turning a wheel
Ans. C
A. By pressing a button
B. By clapping
C. By pulling a string
D. By turning a wheel
Ans. C
8. How does the photographer feel after taking the photograph?
A. Angry
B. Ashamed
C. Pleased
D. Confused
Ans. C
A. Angry
B. Ashamed
C. Pleased
D. Confused
Ans. C
9. What does the photographer claim he has captured?
A. A perfect pose
B. A moment of animation
C. A sad expression
D. A stiff posture
Ans. B
A. A perfect pose
B. A moment of animation
C. A sad expression
D. A stiff posture
Ans. B
10. How does the narrator respond to the photographer’s claim?
A. Happily
B. Silently
C. Bitterly
D. Politely
Ans. C
A. Happily
B. Silently
C. Bitterly
D. Politely
Ans. C
11. Why can’t the narrator see the photograph immediately?
A. It is lost
B. It is damaged
C. The negative must be developed
D. The photographer refuses
Ans. C
A. It is lost
B. It is damaged
C. The negative must be developed
D. The photographer refuses
Ans. C
12. When is the narrator asked to return?
A. Friday
B. Saturday
C. Sunday
D. Monday
Ans. B
A. Friday
B. Saturday
C. Sunday
D. Monday
Ans. B
13. How does the photographer appear on Saturday?
A. Noisy and cheerful
B. Nervous and weak
C. Quieter and graver
D. Careless and rude
Ans. C
A. Noisy and cheerful
B. Nervous and weak
C. Quieter and graver
D. Careless and rude
Ans. C
14. What quality does the narrator notice in the photographer’s manner?
A. Fear
B. Pride
C. Shame
D. Sadness
Ans. B
A. Fear
B. Pride
C. Shame
D. Sadness
Ans. B
15. What do both men do when the photograph is shown?
A. Laugh
B. Argue
C. Look at it silently
D. Turn away
Ans. C
A. Laugh
B. Argue
C. Look at it silently
D. Turn away
Ans. C
16. What is the narrator’s first question on seeing the photograph?
A. Is it clear?
B. Is it finished?
C. Is it me?
D. Is it for sale?
Ans. C
A. Is it clear?
B. Is it finished?
C. Is it me?
D. Is it for sale?
Ans. C
17. Which part of the face does the narrator first doubt?
A. Nose
B. Mouth
C. Eyes
D. Chin
Ans. C
A. Nose
B. Mouth
C. Eyes
D. Chin
Ans. C
18. What has the photographer done to the eyes?
A. Removed them
B. Retouched them
C. Covered them
D. Enlarged them
Ans. B
A. Removed them
B. Retouched them
C. Covered them
D. Enlarged them
Ans. B
19. How does the photographer describe the retouched eyes?
A. Ordinary
B. Poor
C. Splendid
D. Useless
Ans. C
A. Ordinary
B. Poor
C. Splendid
D. Useless
Ans. C
20. What has happened to the eyebrows?
A. Left unchanged
B. Darkened
C. Removed
D. Hidden
Ans. C
A. Left unchanged
B. Darkened
C. Removed
D. Hidden
Ans. C
21. Which process is used to alter the eyebrows?
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Delphide
D. Oxide
Ans. C
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Delphide
D. Oxide
Ans. C
22. What does the photographer dislike?
A. Thick hair
B. Long hair
C. Hair low on the skull
D. Curly hair
Ans. C
A. Thick hair
B. Long hair
C. Hair low on the skull
D. Curly hair
Ans. C
23. What does the narrator’s reply “Oh, you don’t, don’t you?” show?
A. Agreement
B. Admiration
C. Irony
D. Gratitude
Ans. C
A. Agreement
B. Admiration
C. Irony
D. Gratitude
Ans. C
24. What does the photographer say about the mouth?
A. It is perfect
B. It is too high
C. It is too low
D. It is untouched
Ans. C
A. It is perfect
B. It is too high
C. It is too low
D. It is untouched
Ans. C
25. How does the narrator feel when discussing the mouth?
A. Joyful
B. Bitter
C. Proud
D. Relaxed
Ans. B
A. Joyful
B. Bitter
C. Proud
D. Relaxed
Ans. B
26. Which feature does the narrator think is a good likeness?
A. Eyes
B. Mouth
C. Nose
D. Ears
Ans. D
A. Eyes
B. Mouth
C. Nose
D. Ears
Ans. D
27. What does the photographer plan to do with the ears?
A. Enlarge them
B. Shade them
C. Remove them
D. Darken them
Ans. C
A. Enlarge them
B. Shade them
C. Remove them
D. Darken them
Ans. C
28. Which process is mentioned for removing the ears?
A. Delphide
B. Sulphide
C. Bromide
D. Oxide
Ans. B
A. Delphide
B. Sulphide
C. Bromide
D. Oxide
Ans. B
29. Why does the narrator interrupt the photographer?
A. He is bored
B. He is late
C. He is furious
D. He is confused
Ans. C
A. He is bored
B. He is late
C. He is furious
D. He is confused
Ans. C
30. How does the narrator speak during his outburst?
A. Softly and kindly
B. With hesitation
C. With withering [scornful] scorn
D. With humour
Ans. C
A. Softly and kindly
B. With hesitation
C. With withering [scornful] scorn
D. With humour
Ans. C
31. What did the narrator originally want?
A. A painted portrait
B. A modern image
C. A photograph that looked like him
D. A fashionable picture
Ans. C
A. A painted portrait
B. A modern image
C. A photograph that looked like him
D. A fashionable picture
Ans. C
32. How does the narrator describe the gift of his face from Heaven?
A. Magnificent
B. Perfect
C. Humble
D. Unfair
Ans. C
A. Magnificent
B. Perfect
C. Humble
D. Unfair
Ans. C
33. For whom did the narrator want the photograph after his death?
A. The photographer
B. His family and friends
C. Strangers
D. The public
Ans. B
A. The photographer
B. His family and friends
C. Strangers
D. The public
Ans. B
34. What was the purpose of keeping the photograph?
A. Decoration
B. Advertisement
C. Remembrance
D. Sale
Ans. C
A. Decoration
B. Advertisement
C. Remembrance
D. Sale
Ans. C
35. Why does the narrator say he was mistaken?
A. He chose the wrong shop
B. He trusted the photographer
C. Such photographs are no longer made
D. He disliked photography
Ans. C
A. He chose the wrong shop
B. He trusted the photographer
C. Such photographs are no longer made
D. He disliked photography
Ans. C
36. How does the narrator describe the photographer’s work?
A. Artistic
B. Creative
C. Brutal
D. Careful
Ans. C
A. Artistic
B. Creative
C. Brutal
D. Careful
Ans. C
37. Which of these is NOT mentioned among the chemicals?
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Oxide
D. Chloride
Ans. D
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Oxide
D. Chloride
Ans. D
38. What does the narrator sarcastically invite the photographer to do?
A. Destroy the camera
B. Alter the picture endlessly
C. Take another photo
D. Refund money
Ans. B
A. Destroy the camera
B. Alter the picture endlessly
C. Take another photo
D. Refund money
Ans. B
39. What does “reanimate the necktie” suggest?
A. Adding realism artificially
B. Cleaning the tie
C. Removing the tie
D. Colouring the tie
Ans. A
A. Adding realism artificially
B. Cleaning the tie
C. Removing the tie
D. Colouring the tie
Ans. A
40. What does “reconstruct the waistcoat” imply?
A. Sewing clothes
B. Completely remaking the image
C. Removing clothing
D. Changing fashion
Ans. B
A. Sewing clothes
B. Completely remaking the image
C. Removing clothing
D. Changing fashion
Ans. B
41. What does the narrator call the finished photograph?
A. A masterpiece
B. A treasure
C. A worthless bauble
D. A rare object
Ans. C
A. A masterpiece
B. A treasure
C. A worthless bauble
D. A rare object
Ans. C
42. To whom does the narrator suggest keeping the photograph?
A. Himself
B. His friends
C. The photographer and his friends
D. Nobody
Ans. C
A. Himself
B. His friends
C. The photographer and his friends
D. Nobody
Ans. C
43. What is the narrator’s final emotional state?
A. Calm
B. Angry
C. Tearful
D. Proud
Ans. C
A. Calm
B. Angry
C. Tearful
D. Proud
Ans. C
44. What does the narrator do at the end?
A. Shouts
B. Laughs
C. Leaves in tears
D. Takes the photo
Ans. C
A. Shouts
B. Laughs
C. Leaves in tears
D. Takes the photo
Ans. C
45. The passage mainly criticizes what aspect of photography?
A. Cost
B. Technology
C. Artificial alteration
D. Popularity
Ans. C
A. Cost
B. Technology
C. Artificial alteration
D. Popularity
Ans. C
46. What tone dominates the narrator’s speech?
A. Romantic
B. Humorous
C. Satirical
D. Neutral
Ans. C
A. Romantic
B. Humorous
C. Satirical
D. Neutral
Ans. C
47. The photographer represents which attitude?
A. Respect for individuality
B. Indifference to identity
C. Emotional sensitivity
D. Moral concern
Ans. B
A. Respect for individuality
B. Indifference to identity
C. Emotional sensitivity
D. Moral concern
Ans. B
48. The narrator values his face because it is
A. Handsome
B. Famous
C. His own
D. New
Ans. C
A. Handsome
B. Famous
C. His own
D. New
Ans. C
49. The conflict in the passage is between
A. Art and money
B. Nature and artificiality
C. Youth and age
D. Silence and speech
Ans. B
A. Art and money
B. Nature and artificiality
C. Youth and age
D. Silence and speech
Ans. B
50. The ending of the passage emphasizes
A. Triumph
B. Satisfaction
C. Emotional defeat
D. Humour
Ans. C
A. Triumph
B. Satisfaction
C. Emotional defeat
D. Humour
Ans. C
MCQS: 2
1. How does the narrator describe his manner when he says “Stop”?
Ans. He says it with emotion and dignity, trying to show that he is upset but still composed.
Ans. He says it with emotion and dignity, trying to show that he is upset but still composed.
2. Whose face does the narrator insist the photographer is altering?
Ans. His own face, the only one he has lived with for forty years.
Ans. His own face, the only one he has lived with for forty years.
3. For how many years has the narrator lived with his face?
Ans. Forty years.
Ans. Forty years.
4. What does the narrator claim he knows well about his face?
Ans. Its faults, and that it is “out of drawing”.
Ans. Its faults, and that it is “out of drawing”.
5. What physical reaction shows the narrator’s emotion while speaking?
Ans. There is a break in his voice, which shows his deep feeling.
Ans. There is a break in his voice, which shows his deep feeling.
6. What action of the narrator shows his protest before the photograph is taken?
Ans. He starts to rise from the seat, showing his refusal to accept the treatment.
Ans. He starts to rise from the seat, showing his refusal to accept the treatment.
7. What sound marks the moment the photograph is taken?
Ans. A sharp “Snick!” as the photographer pulls a string.
Ans. A sharp “Snick!” as the photographer pulls a string.
8. What expression does the photographer wear after taking the photo?
Ans. A pleased smile, with his lips pursed or pressed together.
Ans. A pleased smile, with his lips pursed or pressed together.
9. According to the photographer, in what state were the features captured?
Ans. In a moment of animation, when the features were moving or lively.
Ans. In a moment of animation, when the features were moving or lively.
10. What does the narrator ask for immediately after the photograph is taken?
Ans. To see the picture, wanting to check how he looks.
Ans. To see the picture, wanting to check how he looks.
11. What must be done before the picture can be seen?
Ans. The negative must be developed first before a proof can be shown.
Ans. The negative must be developed first before a proof can be shown.
12. On which day does the narrator return to see the photograph?
Ans. On Saturday, as the photographer had told him.
Ans. On Saturday, as the photographer had told him.
13. How does the photographer’s behaviour differ on Saturday?
Ans. He appears quieter and graver than before, not as cheerful.
Ans. He appears quieter and graver than before, not as cheerful.
14. What feeling does the narrator sense in the photographer’s manner?
Ans. A certain pride in his manner, as if he is satisfied with his work.
Ans. A certain pride in his manner, as if he is satisfied with his work.
15. How do both men initially react on seeing the photograph?
Ans. They look at it in silence, without speaking at first.
Ans. They look at it in silence, without speaking at first.
16. What is the narrator’s first doubt about the photograph?
Ans. Whether it is really him, because it looks so different.
Ans. Whether it is really him, because it looks so different.
17. Which feature does the narrator say does not look like his own?
Ans. The eyes, which he says do not look very much like his.
Ans. The eyes, which he says do not look very much like his.
18. What reason does the photographer give for the changed eyes?
Ans. He has retouched them so that they come out splendidly.
Ans. He has retouched them so that they come out splendidly.
19. What has been done to the narrator’s eyebrows?
Ans. The eyebrows have been removed completely in the photograph.
Ans. The eyebrows have been removed completely in the photograph.
20. What name is given to the process used on the eyebrows?
Ans. The Delphide process, which is used for putting in new eyebrows.
Ans. The Delphide process, which is used for putting in new eyebrows.
21. Which part of the head does the photographer dislike hair being low on?
Ans. The skull, because he does not care for hair low on the skull.
Ans. The skull, because he does not care for hair low on the skull.
22. What complaint does the narrator make about his mouth?
Ans. He asks with bitterness whether it is really his mouth in the photograph.
Ans. He asks with bitterness whether it is really his mouth in the photograph.
23. What does the photographer say about the narrator’s mouth?
Ans. He says the mouth is too low and has been adjusted a little.
Ans. He says the mouth is too low and has been adjusted a little.
24. Which feature does the narrator think closely resembles his own?
Ans. The ears, which he says are just like his own.
Ans. The ears, which he says are just like his own.
25. What does the photographer propose to do with the ears?
Ans. He proposes to remove them entirely in the print using a process.
Ans. He proposes to remove them entirely in the print using a process.
26. What chemical process is mentioned for removing the ears?
Ans. The Sulphide process, used for removing the ears completely.
Ans. The Sulphide process, used for removing the ears completely.
27. What does the narrator say he originally came to the studio for?
Ans. A photograph that would look like him, a true likeness of his face.
Ans. A photograph that would look like him, a true likeness of his face.
28. According to the narrator, who gave him his face?
Ans. Heaven, as he says he wanted something Heaven gave him.
Ans. Heaven, as he says he wanted something Heaven gave him.
29. What object does the narrator call the final photograph?
Ans. A worthless bauble, meaning a useless and empty object.
Ans. A worthless bauble, meaning a useless and empty object.
30. What is the narrator’s final action in the passage?
Ans. He breaks into tears and leaves the studio in deep disappointment.
Ans. He breaks into tears and leaves the studio in deep disappointment.
31. What does the narrator say about his face not being made for him?
Ans. He acknowledges that his face was not made for him and is out of drawing, yet it is his only face.
Ans. He acknowledges that his face was not made for him and is out of drawing, yet it is his only face.
32. What does the narrator mean when he says he has learned to love his face?
Ans. He means that he has accepted his face and its faults and has come to love it over forty years.
Ans. He means that he has accepted his face and its faults and has come to love it over forty years.
33. What does the narrator mean when he says “This is my mouth, not yours”?
Ans. He means that his mouth belongs to him and the photographer should not change it according to his own taste.
Ans. He means that his mouth belongs to him and the photographer should not change it according to his own taste.
34. What does the narrator mean when he says “These ears are mine”?
Ans. He insists that his ears belong to him and the photographer should not alter or remove them.
Ans. He insists that his ears belong to him and the photographer should not alter or remove them.
35. What does the photographer mean when he says he “caught the features just in a moment of animation”?
Ans. He means he captured the face at a brief moment when the features were lively and moving.
Ans. He means he captured the face at a brief moment when the features were lively and moving.
36. What does the narrator mean when he says the eyebrows are removed?
Ans. He means that in the photograph his eyebrows have been taken out completely by the retouching process.
Ans. He means that in the photograph his eyebrows have been taken out completely by the retouching process.
37. What does the photographer mean when he says he likes to get the hair clear back to the superficies?
Ans. He means he wants the hair moved back to the surface of the skull to create a new brow line.
Ans. He means he wants the hair moved back to the surface of the skull to create a new brow line.
38. What does the narrator mean when he says he wants something to reconcile his friends to his loss?
Ans. He wants a photograph that looks like him so that his friends can remember him after his death.
Ans. He wants a photograph that looks like him so that his friends can remember him after his death.
39. What does the narrator mean when he says he was mistaken?
Ans. He means he was wrong to think he could get a true photograph of himself in this studio.
Ans. He means he was wrong to think he could get a true photograph of himself in this studio.
40. What does the narrator mean when he says “What I wanted is no longer done”?
Ans. He means that nowadays true photographs that look like the person are no longer made, only retouched ones.
Ans. He means that nowadays true photographs that look like the person are no longer made, only retouched ones.
41. What does the narrator suggest the photographer do with the negative and various “-ides” and “-oxides”?
Ans. He sarcastically tells him to dip the negative in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide and do all the corrections.
Ans. He sarcastically tells him to dip the negative in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide and do all the corrections.
42. What does the narrator mean when he says the photographer should “reanimate the necktie and reconstruct the waistcoat”?
Ans. He is sarcastically telling the photographer to adjust even the clothes and accessories, making the whole portrait artificial.
Ans. He is sarcastically telling the photographer to adjust even the clothes and accessories, making the whole portrait artificial.
43. What does the narrator mean when he says the finished photograph should be kept for the photographer and his friends?
Ans. He means the photographer should keep the false, retouched picture for himself and his circle, not for the narrator.
Ans. He means the photographer should keep the false, retouched picture for himself and his circle, not for the narrator.
44. What does the narrator mean when he says “To me it is but a worthless bauble”?
Ans. He means the photograph has no value for him because it does not look like him.
Ans. He means the photograph has no value for him because it does not look like him.
45. What does the narrator say the photographer may value the photograph for?
Ans. He says the photographer and his friends may value the retouched, artificial picture, even though it is fake.
Ans. He says the photographer and his friends may value the retouched, artificial picture, even though it is fake.
46. What does the narrator imply when he says the photographer’s work is “brutal”?
Ans. He implies that the photographer’s alterations are cruel and destructive to his true identity.
Ans. He implies that the photographer’s alterations are cruel and destructive to his true identity.
47. What does the narrator mean when he says he wants something headed by Heaven?
Ans. He means he wants a natural, unaltered face as it was given by Heaven, not changed by chemicals.
Ans. He means he wants a natural, unaltered face as it was given by Heaven, not changed by chemicals.
48. What does the narrator mean when he says his friends may keep the photograph after his death?
Ans. He wants a true likeness so that his friends can remember him as he really was, not as an altered image.
Ans. He wants a true likeness so that his friends can remember him as he really was, not as an altered image.
49. What does the narrator mean when he says the eyes come out splendidly?
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, knowing the eyes do not look like his at all.
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, knowing the eyes do not look like his at all.
50. What does the narrator imply when he says the photographer found he couldn’t use his mouth?
Ans. He implies that the photographer judged his natural mouth as unsuitable and changed it to fit his own idea.
Ans. He implies that the photographer judged his natural mouth as unsuitable and changed it to fit his own idea.
51. What does the narrator mean when he says the ears strike him as a good likeness?
Ans. He means that of all the features, only the ears look true and like his own in the photograph.
Ans. He means that of all the features, only the ears look true and like his own in the photograph.
52. What does the narrator mean when he says he can fix the ears all right in the print?
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, showing that even the ears will be removed.
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, showing that even the ears will be removed.
53. What does the narrator mean when he says he came for a picture that would look like him?
Ans. He means he wanted a simple, true photograph of himself, not a retouched, artificial version.
Ans. He means he wanted a simple, true photograph of himself, not a retouched, artificial version.
54. What does the narrator mean when he calls the photograph a bauble?
Ans. He means it is a small, showy but useless object with no real value to him.
Ans. He means it is a small, showy but useless object with no real value to him.
55. What does the narrator mean when he says the photographer’s work is finished but worthless to him?
Ans. He means that even when the photographer is satisfied with the retouched picture, it has no value for the narrator.
Ans. He means that even when the photographer is satisfied with the retouched picture, it has no value for the narrator.
56. What does the narrator imply when he says his friends may value the photograph?
Ans. He implies that only the photographer and his friends may like the false image, not the narrator or his friends.
Ans. He implies that only the photographer and his friends may like the false image, not the narrator or his friends.
57. What does the narrator mean when he says he broke into tears and left?
Ans. He means he was so upset and disappointed that he cried and walked out of the studio.
Ans. He means he was so upset and disappointed that he cried and walked out of the studio.
58. What does the narrator mean when he says he was conscious of a break in his voice?
Ans. He means he felt his voice shaking with emotion as he spoke about his face.
Ans. He means he felt his voice shaking with emotion as he spoke about his face.
59. What does the narrator mean when he says he drew himself up and animated his features to their full extent?
Ans. He means he stood tall, made his face as lively as possible, and spoke with strong scorn.
Ans. He means he stood tall, made his face as lively as possible, and spoke with strong scorn.
60. What does the narrator mean when he says his withering scorn should have blasted the man on the spot?
Ans. He means his anger and contempt were so strong that they should have destroyed the photographer morally.
Ans. He means his anger and contempt were so strong that they should have destroyed the photographer morally.
Who said To Whom?
1. “Stop,” I said with emotion but with dignity.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
2. “This face is my face. It is not yours, it is mine.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
3. “I’ve lived with it for forty years and I know its faults.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
4. “Such as it is, I’ve learned to love it.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
5. “This is my mouth, not yours.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
6. “These ears are mine.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
7. “If your machine is too narrow —”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
8. “Snick!”
Ans. This sound was heard when the photographer took the photograph.
Ans. This sound was heard when the photographer took the photograph.
9. “I think that I caught the features just in a moment of animation.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
10. “So!” I said bitingly.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
11. “But let me see the picture.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
12. “There’s nothing to see yet.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
13. “I have to develop the negative first.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
14. “Come back on Saturday and I’ll let you see a proof of it.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
15. “Is it me?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
16. “Yes,” he said quietly, “it is you.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
17. “The eyes don’t look very much like mine.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
18. “Oh, no,” he answered, “I’ve retouched them.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
19. “They come out splendidly, don’t they?”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
20. “Fine,” I said.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
21. “But surely my eyebrows are not like that?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
22. “No,” said the photographer, “the eyebrows are removed.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
23. “We have a process now — the Delphide — for putting in new ones.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
24. “I don’t like the hair low on the skull.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
25. “Oh, you don’t, don’t you?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
26. “What about the mouth?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
27. “It’s adjusted a little; yours is too low.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
28. “The ears, though, strike me as a good likeness.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
29. “Yes,” said the photographer thoughtfully, “that’s so; but I can fix that in the print.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
30. “We have a process now — the Sulphide — for removing the ears entirely.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
31. “Listen!”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
32. “I came here for a photograph — a picture.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
33. “Something which would have looked like me.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
34. “I wanted something that would depict my face as Heaven gave it to me.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
35. “I wanted something that my friends might keep after my death.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
36. “What I wanted is no longer done.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
37. “Go on, then, with your brutal work.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
38. “Keep it for yourself and your friends.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
39. “To me it is but a worthless bauble.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
40. “I broke into tears and left.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
41. “I know it’s out of drawing.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
42. “I know it wasn’t made for me, but it’s my face, the only one I have.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
43. “Here I started to rise from the seat.”
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
44. “The photographer had pulled a string.”
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
45. “The photograph taken.”
Ans. The narrator states this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator states this to the reader.
46. “I could see the machine still staggering from the shock.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
47. “Pursing his lips in a pleased smile.”
Ans. The narrator describes the photographer’s action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes the photographer’s action to the reader.
48. “You didn’t think I could animate them, I suppose?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
49. “On Saturday I went back.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
50. “The photographer beckoned me in.”
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
51. “I thought he seemed quieter and graver than before.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
52. “I think, too, there was a certain pride in his manner.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
53. “He unfolded the proof of a large photograph, and we both looked at it in silence.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
54. “We went on looking at it.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
55. “Oh, no,” he answered, “I’ve retouched them.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
56. “They come out splendidly, don’t they?”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
57. “No,” said the photographer, with a momentary glance at my face, “the eyebrows are removed.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
58. “I don’t like the hair low on the skull.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
59. “Yes,” said the photographer thoughtfully, “that’s so; but I can fix that all right in the print.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
60. “Then when you have done all that — keep it for yourself and your friends.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Two-Mark Questions
1. Why does the narrator protest when the photographer is about to take the photograph?
Ans. The narrator protests because the photographer is altering his face without regard for his identity. He feels the face belongs to him alone, with all its faults, and he wants it accepted as it is, not artificially changed.
2. What does the narrator mean when he says he has “lived with” his face for forty years?
Ans. He means that he has accepted his appearance throughout his life. Despite its imperfections, it has become part of his identity, and long familiarity has made him emotionally attached to it.
3. How is the photograph taken at an unexpected moment, and why is it ironic?
Ans. The photograph is taken suddenly when the narrator is emotionally protesting and beginning to rise. It is ironic because instead of capturing calm dignity, the camera freezes him in agitation.
4. How does the photographer justify his satisfaction with the photograph?
Ans. The photographer claims he has captured the narrator’s features in a “moment of animation.” He considers this professionally successful, ignoring the narrator’s emotional distress and personal dissatisfaction with the image.
5. Why is the narrator unable to see the photograph immediately after it is taken?
Ans. The narrator cannot see it because the negative must first be developed. This delay also builds suspense and prepares the reader for the shock the narrator experiences on seeing the altered photograph later.
6. What change does the narrator notice in the photographer when he returns on Saturday?
Ans. The photographer appears quieter, graver, and more self-assured. His manner suggests pride in his work, indicating that he believes the photograph to be a professional achievement.
7. Why does the narrator hesitate when commenting on the eyes in the photograph?
Ans. He hesitates because he is disturbed and unsure. He senses that the photograph does not resemble him, but he is still trying to understand the extent of the artificial alterations.
8. How does the photographer explain the changes made to the narrator’s eyes?
Ans. The photographer explains that the eyes have been retouched and proudly claims they look splendid. He treats the change as an improvement, not considering whether it preserves the narrator’s identity.
9. What does the removal of eyebrows using the “Delphide” process reveal about the photographer?
Ans. It reveals the photographer’s excessive reliance on artificial techniques. He treats facial features as replaceable parts, prioritizing technical perfection over truth and individuality.
10. Why does the narrator react bitterly to the discussion about his mouth?
Ans. The narrator reacts bitterly because the photographer admits adjusting his mouth, calling it “too low.” This confirms that even his basic facial identity is being reshaped according to someone else’s standards.
11. Why do the narrator’s ears become the turning point of the conflict?
Ans. The ears still resemble his own, offering hope of recognition. When the photographer proposes removing them entirely, it shocks the narrator and triggers his final angry outburst.
12. What does the narrator mean by wanting a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me”?
Ans. He means he wants a truthful image that reflects his natural appearance. He values authenticity over artificial beauty and believes his face, however humble, is a gift from God.
13. Why does the narrator mention his friends remembering him after his death?
Ans. He wanted the photograph to be a genuine reminder of himself for his friends. The altered image fails this purpose, as it no longer represents the person they knew and loved.
14. How does the narrator use sarcasm while addressing the photographer in his final speech?
Ans. He sarcastically invites the photographer to use endless chemicals and processes to alter the image. This exaggeration mocks modern artificial practices and highlights their absurdity.
15. What is the significance of the narrator breaking into tears at the end?
Ans. The tears signify emotional defeat and deep hurt. Realizing that authenticity has been destroyed by artificial methods, the narrator rejects the photograph and leaves, emphasizing the story’s theme of lost individuality.
Three-Mark Questions
1. How does the narrator assert his individuality at the beginning of the passage?
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator strongly asserts his individuality by declaring that his face belongs only to him. He emphasizes that he has lived with it for forty years, knows all its faults, and has learned to accept and love it. His emotional yet dignified protest shows his belief that personal identity should not be altered by artificial standards of beauty.
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator strongly asserts his individuality by declaring that his face belongs only to him. He emphasizes that he has lived with it for forty years, knows all its faults, and has learned to accept and love it. His emotional yet dignified protest shows his belief that personal identity should not be altered by artificial standards of beauty.
2. Explain the significance of the sudden “Snick!” in the passage.
Ans. The sudden “Snick!” signifies the unexpected taking of the photograph while the narrator is emotionally protesting. It highlights the photographer’s mechanical attitude and lack of sensitivity. The moment is ironic because instead of capturing dignity, the photograph freezes agitation, reinforcing the story’s satire on modern photography and artificial professionalism.
Ans. The sudden “Snick!” signifies the unexpected taking of the photograph while the narrator is emotionally protesting. It highlights the photographer’s mechanical attitude and lack of sensitivity. The moment is ironic because instead of capturing dignity, the photograph freezes agitation, reinforcing the story’s satire on modern photography and artificial professionalism.
3. Describe the photographer’s attitude as revealed through his conversation with the narrator.
Ans. The photographer appears cold, technical, and insensitive. He treats the human face as a mechanical object that can be altered at will. His repeated references to chemical processes and his pride in retouching features show that he values technical perfection more than human feelings or personal identity.
Ans. The photographer appears cold, technical, and insensitive. He treats the human face as a mechanical object that can be altered at will. His repeated references to chemical processes and his pride in retouching features show that he values technical perfection more than human feelings or personal identity.
4. Why does the narrator feel disturbed when he first looks at the photograph?
Ans. The narrator feels disturbed because the photograph does not resemble him. His eyes, eyebrows, and other features have been altered, making the image unfamiliar. This shock marks the realization that his identity has been reshaped according to the photographer’s preferences, not preserved truthfully.
Ans. The narrator feels disturbed because the photograph does not resemble him. His eyes, eyebrows, and other features have been altered, making the image unfamiliar. This shock marks the realization that his identity has been reshaped according to the photographer’s preferences, not preserved truthfully.
5. How does the use of scientific terms add to the humour and satire of the story?
Ans. Scientific terms like Delphide and Sulphide add humour by exaggerating the photographer’s obsession with technical processes. They make the alterations sound absurd and impersonal, reducing human features to laboratory experiments. This satirical use mocks modern practices that sacrifice individuality for artificial perfection.
Ans. Scientific terms like Delphide and Sulphide add humour by exaggerating the photographer’s obsession with technical processes. They make the alterations sound absurd and impersonal, reducing human features to laboratory experiments. This satirical use mocks modern practices that sacrifice individuality for artificial perfection.
6. Discuss the importance of the ears episode in the development of the story.
Ans. The ears episode is crucial because the narrator finally finds a feature that resembles him. When the photographer casually suggests removing them, it shocks the narrator completely. This moment pushes the conflict to its climax and leads to the narrator’s angry speech, exposing the extreme absurdity of artificial alteration.
Ans. The ears episode is crucial because the narrator finally finds a feature that resembles him. When the photographer casually suggests removing them, it shocks the narrator completely. This moment pushes the conflict to its climax and leads to the narrator’s angry speech, exposing the extreme absurdity of artificial alteration.
7. What does the narrator mean by saying that what he wanted “is no longer done”?
Ans. By this statement, the narrator suggests that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared. Modern photography, in his view, no longer represents reality but creates artificial images. This line criticizes contemporary society’s preference for perfection over authenticity and emotional truth.
Ans. By this statement, the narrator suggests that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared. Modern photography, in his view, no longer represents reality but creates artificial images. This line criticizes contemporary society’s preference for perfection over authenticity and emotional truth.
8. Explain the narrator’s final speech and its tone.
Ans. The narrator’s final speech is sarcastic, emotional, and bitter. He mocks the photographer’s methods by listing chemicals and exaggerating alterations. The tone reflects deep frustration and sorrow, as he realizes that his simple wish for a truthful photograph has been completely denied.
Ans. The narrator’s final speech is sarcastic, emotional, and bitter. He mocks the photographer’s methods by listing chemicals and exaggerating alterations. The tone reflects deep frustration and sorrow, as he realizes that his simple wish for a truthful photograph has been completely denied.
9. Why does the narrator call the photograph a “worthless bauble”?
Ans. He calls the photograph a worthless bauble because it has lost all personal meaning. Though polished and artificial, it no longer represents him. To the narrator, emotional truth and identity matter more than outward beauty or technical perfection.
Ans. He calls the photograph a worthless bauble because it has lost all personal meaning. Though polished and artificial, it no longer represents him. To the narrator, emotional truth and identity matter more than outward beauty or technical perfection.
10. How does the ending of the story reinforce its central theme?
Ans. The ending reinforces the theme by showing the narrator breaking into tears and leaving. This emotional collapse highlights the damage caused by artificial manipulation of identity. The story concludes by emphasizing that individuality and authenticity cannot be replaced by technical brilliance.
Ans. The ending reinforces the theme by showing the narrator breaking into tears and leaving. This emotional collapse highlights the damage caused by artificial manipulation of identity. The story concludes by emphasizing that individuality and authenticity cannot be replaced by technical brilliance.
11. How does the narrator’s emotional tone change from the beginning of the passage to the end?
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator’s tone is emotional but dignified, as he protests with a sense of self-respect. He speaks firmly but still tries to maintain composure. By the end, his tone becomes bitterly sarcastic, scornful, and finally broken, leading to tears. This change shows his growing anger, frustration, and emotional defeat as he realizes that his true identity is being destroyed by artificial methods.
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator’s tone is emotional but dignified, as he protests with a sense of self-respect. He speaks firmly but still tries to maintain composure. By the end, his tone becomes bitterly sarcastic, scornful, and finally broken, leading to tears. This change shows his growing anger, frustration, and emotional defeat as he realizes that his true identity is being destroyed by artificial methods.
12. What does the narrator’s reference to “forty years” emphasize about his relationship with his face?
Ans. The reference to “forty years” emphasizes that the narrator has lived with this face for most of his life and has a deep, long-term connection with it. It shows that his face is not just a physical feature but part of his life history and identity. This long association explains why he feels so strongly that the face belongs to him and why he is unwilling to accept it being altered by someone else.
Ans. The reference to “forty years” emphasizes that the narrator has lived with this face for most of his life and has a deep, long-term connection with it. It shows that his face is not just a physical feature but part of his life history and identity. This long association explains why he feels so strongly that the face belongs to him and why he is unwilling to accept it being altered by someone else.
13. How does the photographer’s pride in his work show his misunderstanding of the narrator’s wishes?
Ans. The photographer’s pride, shown by his pleased smile and quiet confidence, reveals that he believes he has done a good job. He sees the retouched photograph as an achievement, not as a distortion of the narrator’s identity. This shows his complete misunderstanding: he thinks technical perfection is what the narrator wants, while the narrator actually wants a truthful likeness that looks like him.
Ans. The photographer’s pride, shown by his pleased smile and quiet confidence, reveals that he believes he has done a good job. He sees the retouched photograph as an achievement, not as a distortion of the narrator’s identity. This shows his complete misunderstanding: he thinks technical perfection is what the narrator wants, while the narrator actually wants a truthful likeness that looks like him.
14. What is the effect of the narrator’s sarcastic list of chemicals (sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide) in his final speech?
Ans. The sarcastic list of chemicals exaggerates the photographer’s reliance on artificial processes and mocks the absurdity of modern retouching. By including even “cowhide,” which is not a real chemical, the narrator highlights the ridiculousness of the photographer’s methods. This effect strengthens the satire and shows the narrator’s deep anger at the loss of his natural identity.
Ans. The sarcastic list of chemicals exaggerates the photographer’s reliance on artificial processes and mocks the absurdity of modern retouching. By including even “cowhide,” which is not a real chemical, the narrator highlights the ridiculousness of the photographer’s methods. This effect strengthens the satire and shows the narrator’s deep anger at the loss of his natural identity.
15. How does the narrator’s desire for a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me” reflect his values?
Ans. The desire for a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me” shows that the narrator values truth, humility, and naturalness over artificial beauty. He believes his face, however humble, is a gift from God and should not be changed. This reflects his respect for his own identity and his belief that personal authenticity is more important than technical perfection or social standards of beauty.
Ans. The desire for a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me” shows that the narrator values truth, humility, and naturalness over artificial beauty. He believes his face, however humble, is a gift from God and should not be changed. This reflects his respect for his own identity and his belief that personal authenticity is more important than technical perfection or social standards of beauty.
16. Why does the narrator feel that the photograph cannot serve as a memory for his friends after his death?
Ans. The narrator feels that the photograph cannot serve as a memory because it does not look like him; it is an artificial, altered image. He wants his friends to keep a true likeness that represents the person they knew and loved, not a fake version created by the photographer. Since the photograph no longer represents his real self, it loses its emotional value and cannot help his friends reconcile to his loss.
Ans. The narrator feels that the photograph cannot serve as a memory because it does not look like him; it is an artificial, altered image. He wants his friends to keep a true likeness that represents the person they knew and loved, not a fake version created by the photographer. Since the photograph no longer represents his real self, it loses its emotional value and cannot help his friends reconcile to his loss.
17. How does the contrast between the narrator’s emotional protest and the photographer’s calm reaction create tension in the passage?
Ans. The contrast between the narrator’s emotional protest and the photographer’s calm, proud reaction creates tension because the two characters are completely at odds. The narrator is upset, angry, and hurt, while the photographer is indifferent and self-satisfied. This difference shows the clash between human feelings and mechanical professionalism, heightening the reader’s sense of the narrator’s isolation and frustration.
Ans. The contrast between the narrator’s emotional protest and the photographer’s calm, proud reaction creates tension because the two characters are completely at odds. The narrator is upset, angry, and hurt, while the photographer is indifferent and self-satisfied. This difference shows the clash between human feelings and mechanical professionalism, heightening the reader’s sense of the narrator’s isolation and frustration.
18. What does the narrator’s statement “What I wanted is no longer done” suggest about his view of modern society?
Ans. The statement suggests that the narrator believes modern society has lost its respect for truth and authenticity in favour of artificial perfection. He feels that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared, replaced by retouched and idealized images. This reflects his criticism of a society that values appearance over reality and technical skill over human individuality.
Ans. The statement suggests that the narrator believes modern society has lost its respect for truth and authenticity in favour of artificial perfection. He feels that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared, replaced by retouched and idealized images. This reflects his criticism of a society that values appearance over reality and technical skill over human individuality.
19. How does the narrator’s use of “brutal work” in his final speech show his attitude to the photographer’s methods?
Ans. The phrase “brutal work” shows that the narrator sees the photographer’s methods as cruel and destructive, not artistic. He believes that the alterations harm his identity and strip away his true self. This harsh description reveals his anger and deep disappointment, as he feels that the photographer is abusively reshaping his face without regard for his dignity or feelings.
Ans. The phrase “brutal work” shows that the narrator sees the photographer’s methods as cruel and destructive, not artistic. He believes that the alterations harm his identity and strip away his true self. This harsh description reveals his anger and deep disappointment, as he feels that the photographer is abusively reshaping his face without regard for his dignity or feelings.
20. What role does silence play in the scene when the narrator and the photographer look at the proof together?
Ans. The silence when they look at the proof emphasizes the seriousness and discomfort of the moment. It allows the narrator to take in the disturbing image and realize how different it is from his real face. This quiet moment builds tension before the narrator speaks, showing his shock and hesitation. The silence also highlights the contrast between the narrator’s inner turmoil and the photographer’s calm pride.
Four-Mark Questions
1. How does the narrator’s protest at the beginning of the passage show the conflict between individual identity and professional arrogance?
Ans. At the beginning of the passage, the narrator’s protest shows the conflict between his sense of individual identity and the photographer’s professional arrogance. He insists that his face is his own, not the photographer’s to change, and that he has lived with it for forty years, knowing its faults but still loving it. This shows his deep attachment to his natural self and his refusal to accept artificial standards. The photographer, however, treats the face as a technical object to be altered, ignoring the narrator’s feelings and dignity. This clash highlights the central theme of the story: the struggle between personal identity and the arrogance of professionals who impose their own ideals of beauty.
2. Discuss how the photographer’s use of chemical processes (Delphide, Sulphide, etc.) satirises modern attitudes towards beauty and identity.
Ans. The photographer’s use of chemical processes like Delphide and Sulphide satirises modern attitudes towards beauty and identity by showing how people are willing to alter their natural features to fit artificial standards. These technical names make the alterations sound scientific and impersonal, reducing human features to laboratory experiments. The photographer proudly removes eyebrows, changes the mouth, and even proposes to remove the ears entirely, treating the face as a canvas to be redesigned. This exaggeration mocks modern society’s obsession with perfection and its loss of respect for authenticity. The satire lies in the fact that the photographer values technical skill over truth, identity, and human feelings.
3. Explain how the narrator’s final speech reveals his deep frustration and his rejection of artificial perfection.
Ans. The narrator’s final speech reveals his deep frustration and his rejection of artificial perfection through his sarcastic, emotional, and bitter tone. He mocks the photographer’s methods by listing chemicals like sulphide, bromide, oxide, and even “cowhide,” exaggerating the absurdity of the alterations. He tells the photographer to go on with his “brutal work,” correcting every feature until the image is finished but fake. By saying, “Keep it for yourself and your friends… To me it is but a worthless bauble,” he clearly rejects the photograph and shows that he values truth and identity over artificial beauty. This speech summarises his anger, disappointment, and complete refusal to accept the photographer’s distorted version of himself.
4. How does the ending of the story, with the narrator breaking into tears and leaving, emphasise the theme of lost individuality?
Ans. The ending of the story, where the narrator breaks into tears and leaves, emphasises the theme of lost individuality by showing the emotional damage caused by artificial manipulation of identity. His tears show that he is deeply hurt, not just annoyed, because he realises that his true self has been destroyed and replaced with a fake image. The fact that he leaves the photograph behind shows his complete rejection of the photographer’s work and his refusal to accept a false version of himself. This emotional collapse highlights that authenticity and individuality cannot be replaced by technical brilliance. The story concludes by making it clear that when identity is sacrificed for artificial perfection, the result is emotional pain and loss.
5. Compare the narrator’s attitude to his face with the photographer’s attitude towards the same face. How does this contrast develop the central theme of the story?
Ans. The narrator’s attitude to his face is one of acceptance, humility, and self-love, while the photographer’s attitude is one of criticism, control, and arrogance. The narrator says he has lived with his face for forty years, knows its faults, and has learned to love it as it is, wanting a photograph that looks like him “as Heaven gave it to me.” In contrast, the photographer sees the face as a technical object to be improved, removing eyebrows, changing the mouth, and even planning to remove the ears. This contrast develops the central theme of the story: the struggle between personal identity and artificial standards of beauty. The narrator values truth and individuality, while the photographer values technical perfection and his own standards, showing how modern society often sacrifices authenticity for appearance.
Reference To context
Extract 1
“Stop,” I said with emotion but, I think, with dignity. “This face is my face. It is not yours, it is mine. I've lived with it for forty years and I know its faults. I know it's out of drawing. I know it wasn't made for me, but it's my face, the only one I have –” I was conscious of a break in my voice but I went on – “such as it is, I've learned to love it. And this is my mouth, not yours. These ears are mine, and if your machine is too narrow –” Here I started to rise from the seat.
(i) Why does the narrator suddenly say “Stop”? What has prompted this emotional outburst?
Ans. The narrator says “Stop” because he has lost patience with the photographer’s constant criticism of his face and features. The photographer has been treating him as an object to be corrected and improved rather than as a person. Feeling that his individuality is being ignored, the narrator finally protests and defends his appearance. This marks a turning point in the story.
(ii) What does the narrator mean when he says, “This face is my face. It is not yours, it is mine”?
Ans. The narrator means that his face is a part of his identity and does not belong to the photographer to judge or alter. Although he admits that it has faults, he accepts it as his own. The statement expresses his self-respect and his determination to defend his individuality against the photographer’s criticism.
(iii) Explain the significance of the line: “I've learned to love it.”
Ans. The line shows that the narrator is fully aware of his imperfections but has gradually come to accept them. He values his face not because it is perfect, but because it is his own. This highlights the theme of self-acceptance and contrasts sharply with the photographer’s obsession with physical perfection.
(iv) Why does the narrator become emotional while speaking? How does this affect the tone of the extract?
Ans. The narrator becomes emotional because he feels that the photographer’s repeated criticisms are an attack on his identity and self-respect. His voice breaks as he passionately defends the face he has lived with for forty years. This emotional response introduces a more serious and reflective tone into the story. However, the humour is not completely lost, since the argument arises from the absurd situation of a photographer trying to redesign a customer’s face.
(v) How does this extract highlight the central conflict and themes of the story?
Ans. This extract presents the central conflict between the narrator’s acceptance of his natural self and the photographer’s desire to alter and perfect his appearance. The narrator believes that personal identity should be respected, while the photographer is concerned only with technical standards and artificial improvement. Through this conflict, Leacock develops the themes of self-acceptance, individuality, and professional arrogance. The extract serves as the climax of the story, where the narrator finally asserts his dignity against the photographer’s excessive criticism.
Extract 2
“Snick!” The photographer had pulled a string. The photograph taken. I could see the machine still staggering from the shock. “I think,” said the photographer, pursing his lips in a pleased smile, “that I caught the features just in a moment of animation.” “So!” I said bitingly, – “features, eh? You didn’t think I could animate them, I suppose? But let me see the picture.”
“Oh, there’s nothing to see yet,” he said, “I have to develop the negative first. Come back on Saturday and I’ll let you see a proof of it.”
(i) What does the narrator mean when he says that the machine was “still staggering from the shock”?
Ans. The narrator humorously exaggerates the moment when the photograph is taken by saying that the camera was “still staggering from the shock.” He suggests that the task of photographing him was so difficult that even the machine seemed shaken by it. This personification adds to the comic tone of the story.
(ii) Why does the narrator respond bitterly to the photographer’s remark about “a moment of animation”?
Ans. The narrator responds bitterly because the photographer’s remark implies that his face is usually lifeless or expressionless. Throughout the session, the photographer has repeatedly criticised his appearance. Therefore, the narrator sarcastically asks whether the photographer thought he was incapable of showing any expression or animation at all.
(iii) What does the photographer’s pleased smile reveal about his attitude towards his work?
Ans. The photographer’s pleased smile reveals his confidence and satisfaction with his professional skill. He believes that he has successfully captured a suitable expression on the narrator’s face. At the same time, his self-satisfaction reflects the professional arrogance that characterises him throughout the story.
(iv) How does the conversation between the narrator and the photographer contribute to the humour of the extract?
Ans. The humour arises from the contrast between the photographer’s seriousness and the narrator’s sarcasm. The photographer proudly claims that he has captured the narrator’s features “in a moment of animation,” as though this were a remarkable achievement. The narrator immediately responds with a biting remark, suggesting that the photographer has treated him as if he were incapable of expression. The exaggerated importance attached to a simple photograph and the witty exchange between the two characters create comic effect.
(v) How does this extract reflect the strained relationship between the narrator and the photographer?
Ans. The extract shows that the relationship between the narrator and the photographer has become tense and uncomfortable. The narrator’s sarcastic response reveals his resentment towards the photographer’s repeated criticisms and condescending attitude. Meanwhile, the photographer remains absorbed in his work and appears unaware of the narrator’s irritation. Their exchange highlights the growing conflict between the narrator’s sense of self-worth and the photographer’s professional arrogance, a conflict that drives the story forward.
Extract 3
“Is it me?” I asked.
“Yes,” he said quietly, “it is you,” and we went on looking at it.
“The eyes,” I said hesitatingly, “don’t look very much like mine.”
“Oh, no,” he answered, “I’ve retouched them. They come out splendidly, don’t they?”
“Fine,” I said, “but surely my eyebrows are not like that?”
“No,” said the photographer, with a momentary glance at my face, “the eyebrows are removed. We have a process now — the Delphide — for putting in new ones. You’ll notice here where we’ve applied it to carry the hair away from the brow. I don’t like the hair low on the skull.”
“Oh, you don’t, don’t you?” I said.
“No,” he went on, “I don’t care for it. I like to get the hair clear back to the superficies and make out a new brow line.”
“What about the mouth?” I said with a bitterness that was lost on the photographer; “is that mine?”
“It’s adjusted a little,” he said, “yours is too low. I found I couldn’t use it.”
“The ears, though,” I said, “strike me as a good likeness; they’re just like mine. Is it me?”
“Yes,” said the photographer thoughtfully, “that’s so; but I can fix that all right in the print. We have a process now — the Sulphide — for removing the ears entirely. I’ll see if —”
(i) Why does the narrator repeatedly ask, “Is it me?”
Ans. The narrator repeatedly asks, “Is it me?” because the photograph has been altered so extensively that he can hardly recognise himself. His eyes, eyebrows, hairline, and mouth have all been changed. The question reflects his confusion and disbelief at seeing a portrait that bears little resemblance to his actual appearance.
(ii) What changes has the photographer made to the narrator’s face in the photograph?
Ans. The photographer has retouched the narrator’s eyes, removed and replaced his eyebrows, altered the hairline, and adjusted the mouth because he considered it unsuitable. These changes are made according to the photographer’s personal standards of beauty rather than to preserve the narrator’s true appearance. As a result, the photograph becomes increasingly artificial.
(iii) How does the photographer’s explanation of the ‘Delphide’ process contribute to the humour of the extract?
Ans. The humour lies in the absurd seriousness with which the photographer describes the ‘Delphide’ process. He speaks as though removing eyebrows and creating entirely new ones is perfectly normal. The exaggerated technical language contrasts with the simple purpose of a photograph, making the situation ridiculous and satirising professionals who rely excessively on artificial techniques.
(iv) What does the photographer’s treatment of the narrator’s features reveal about his character and attitude?
Ans. The photographer’s treatment of the narrator’s features reveals that he is highly critical, perfectionist, and arrogant. Instead of trying to capture the narrator’s true likeness, he freely alters every feature that does not match his personal preferences. He dismisses the narrator’s natural appearance and assumes that his professional judgment is superior. Through this character, Leacock satirises experts who become so obsessed with technical perfection that they lose respect for individuality and reality.
(v) How does this extract develop the themes of identity and artificial perfection in the story?
Ans. This extract represents the climax of the conflict between identity and artificial perfection. The narrator wants a photograph that reflects who he really is, but the photographer continually changes his features to fit an ideal image. Every alteration moves the portrait further away from the narrator's true self. The absurd proposal to remove the ears entirely demonstrates how the pursuit of perfection can destroy individuality. Through humour and exaggeration, Leacock criticises the tendency to value artificial standards of beauty over authentic human identity.
Extract 4
“Listen!” I interrupted, drawing myself up and animating my features to their full extent and speaking with a withering scorn that should have blasted the man on the spot. “Listen! I came here for a photograph — a picture — something which (mad though it seems) would have looked like me. I wanted something that would depict my face as Heaven gave it to me, humble though the gift may have been. I wanted something that my friends might keep after my death, to reconcile them to my loss.”
(i) Why does the narrator interrupt the photographer and say “Listen!”?
Ans. The narrator interrupts the photographer because he is exasperated by the endless alterations made to his photograph. The photographer has changed so many of his features that the picture no longer resembles him. Determined to make his feelings clear, the narrator forcefully explains what he had originally wanted from the photograph.
(ii) What does the narrator mean by wanting a picture that would “look like me”?
Ans. The narrator means that he wants a genuine likeness of himself rather than an artificially improved image. He believes that a photograph should faithfully represent a person's natural appearance, including imperfections. His statement reflects his desire for authenticity and self-acceptance.
(iii) Explain the significance of the phrase “my face as Heaven gave it to me.”
Ans. The phrase suggests that the narrator accepts his appearance as a natural gift, however imperfect it may be. By referring to Heaven, he emphasises that his face is part of his identity and should not be altered according to someone else's standards. The statement highlights the theme of respecting individuality and natural appearance.
(iv) How does humour emerge even in this serious speech by the narrator?
Ans. Although the narrator speaks passionately, humour is created through exaggeration and irony. His dramatic declaration that friends might keep the photograph after his death “to reconcile them to my loss” is deliberately overstated. Similarly, the phrase “mad though it seems” humorously suggests that wanting a photograph to resemble oneself has become an unreasonable expectation. The contrast between the narrator's emotional speech and the absurd situation maintains the comic tone of the story.
(v) How does this extract reinforce the central themes of the story?
Ans. This extract strongly reinforces the themes of identity, self-acceptance, and professional arrogance. The narrator insists that a photograph should preserve his true appearance rather than transform him into someone else. In contrast, the photographer believes in altering and improving every feature according to his own standards. The extract highlights the conflict between authenticity and artificial perfection, showing that excessive professional interference can erase the individuality it claims to improve. It represents the narrator's strongest defence of his personal identity and dignity.
Extract 5
“It seems that I was mistaken. What I wanted is no longer done. Go on, then, with your brutal work. Take your negative, or whatever it is you call it, — dip it in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide, — anything you like, — remove the eyes, correct the mouth, adjust the face, restore the lips, reanimate the necktie and reconstruct the waistcoat. Coat it with an inch of gloss, shade it, emboss it, gild it, till even you acknowledge that it is finished. Then when you have done all that — keep it for yourself and your friends. They may value it. To me it is but a worthless bauble.”
I broke into tears and left.
(i) Why does the narrator say, “What I wanted is no longer done”?
Ans. The narrator realises that modern photography, as represented by the photographer, is no longer concerned with capturing a person's true likeness. Instead, it focuses on altering and improving appearances through artificial techniques. Therefore, he feels that the simple photograph he originally wanted can no longer be obtained.
(ii) What is the effect of the list “sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide”?
Ans. The list creates humour through exaggeration and absurdity. The first three words sound like technical photographic chemicals, while “cowhide” is completely unrelated. By mixing scientific terms with a ridiculous one, the narrator mocks the photographer's obsession with complicated processes and suggests that all such alterations are equally meaningless to him.
(iii) How does the narrator use sarcasm to criticise the photographer's methods?
Ans. The narrator sarcastically encourages the photographer to continue altering every part of the picture. He suggests removing eyes, correcting the mouth, reconstructing the waistcoat, and covering the image with gloss and decoration. Through this exaggerated description, he ridicules the photographer's belief that endless modifications can improve a photograph and expose the absurdity of such practices.
(iv) What does the narrator mean when he calls the photograph “a worthless bauble”?
Ans. By calling the photograph “a worthless bauble,” the narrator means that it has lost all personal value because it no longer represents him. Although it may appear polished and attractive, it lacks authenticity and emotional significance. The statement emphasises his belief that a photograph's worth lies in its truthfulness, not in artificial perfection. It also reveals his deep disappointment with the final result.
(v) How does this extract serve as a fitting conclusion to the story?
Ans. This extract brings the story's central conflict to its climax and resolution. The narrator completely rejects the photographer's artificially perfected image and reaffirms his belief in authenticity and self-acceptance. His sarcastic attack on photographic retouching exposes the absurdity of valuing technical perfection over genuine identity. The final line, “I broke into tears and left,” combines humour and pathos, providing a memorable ending that reinforces Leacock's satire on professional arrogance, modern artificiality, and the loss of individuality.
Part Two
Page 142. “Stop,” I said with emotion ……………Page 144. I broke into tears and left.
Glossary
emotion — strong feeling — भावना, आवेग
with emotion — with strong feeling — भावावेश में
dignity — calm self-respect — गरिमा
with dignity — with self-respect and calm — गरिमा के साथ
faults — defects — दोष
lived with it — accepted and endured it — उसे अपनाकर जीया
learned to love — gradually accepted — धीरे-धीरे प्रेम करना सीख लिया
out of drawing — badly shaped; badly proportioned — सही बनावट में न होना
conscious — aware — सचेत
break in my voice — voice becoming choked — आवाज़ का भर्रा जाना
animate — give life or expression — सजीव बनाना
features — parts of the face — चेहरे के नाक-नक्श
rise from the seat — stand up — सीट से उठना
pulled a string — triggered the camera — डोरी खींचकर कैमरा चलाना
bitingly — with sharp sarcasm — तीखे, कटाक्षपूर्ण ढंग से
caught the features — captured facial expression — चेहरे की भंगिमा पकड़ ली
moment of animation — instant of expression — अभिव्यक्ति का क्षण
develop the negative — process film to make image visible — नेगेटिव विकसित करना
proof — trial print of a photograph — नमूना छायाचित्र
went back — returned — वापस गया
beckoned — signalled by gesture — इशारे से बुलाया
graver — more serious — अधिक गंभीर
unfolded — opened — खोला
looked at it in silence — observed without speaking — चुपचाप देखा
hesitatingly — with doubt — हिचकिचाते हुए
retouched — corrected or altered — सुधार किया हुआ
splendidly — excellently — शानदार ढंग से
come out splendidly — appear very well — बहुत अच्छे दिखाई देना
momentary — lasting a very short time — क्षणिक
process — method or technique — प्रक्रिया
Delphide — chemical process (imaginary) — डेल्फ़ाइड (काल्पनिक प्रक्रिया)
eyebrows are removed — eyebrows taken off — भौंहें हटा दी गईं
carry the hair away — remove hair — बाल हटाना
brow — forehead — भौंह / ललाट
skull — head bone — खोपड़ी
superficies — surface — सतह
clear back — pushed far back — पूरी तरह पीछे किया हुआ
bitterness — deep resentment — कड़वाहट
lost on the photographer — not understood by him — फोटोग्राफर पर असर न होना
adjusted — slightly altered — थोड़ा बदला हुआ
likeness — resemblance — समानता
strike me as — seem to me — मुझे प्रतीत होना
thoughtfully — after thinking — विचारपूर्वक
fix that in the print — correct in final photo — अंतिम फोटो में सुधार करना
Sulphide — chemical substance/process — सल्फ़ाइड
interrupted — stopped while speaking — बीच में रोका
drawing myself up — standing erect proudly — गर्व से तनकर खड़ा होना
to their full extent — to the maximum — पूरी सीमा तक
withering scorn — crushing contempt — विनाशकारी तिरस्कार
blasted the man — utterly crushed him — उसे पूरी तरह ध्वस्त कर देना
depict — represent; show — चित्रित करना
mad though it seems — however foolish it may appear — चाहे यह पागलपन लगे
as Heaven gave it to me — as God made it — जैसा ईश्वर ने दिया
humble though the gift — modest though the gift was — भले ही उपहार साधारण था
reconcile them to my loss — help them accept my death — मेरी मृत्यु को स्वीकार कराने में सहायक
mistaken — wrong — भ्रमित
go on with your brutal work — continue your harsh actions — अपनी निर्दयी हरकतें जारी रखो
brutal — harsh; cruel — निर्दयी
negative — photographic film image — नेगेटिव
whatever it is you call it — whatever name you give it — तुम चाहे जो नाम दो
bromide — chemical compound — ब्रोमाइड
oxide — compound with oxygen — ऑक्साइड
cowhide — leather from cow skin — गाय की खाल
anything you like — as you wish — जो चाहो वह
restore — bring back — पुनः स्थापित करना
reanimate — give life again — फिर से सजीव बनाना
reconstruct — rebuild — पुनर्निर्माण करना
waistcoat — sleeveless jacket — वास्कट
gloss — shine — चमक
emboss — raise design — उभारना
gild — cover with gold — सोने की परत चढ़ाना
acknowledge — accept — स्वीकार करना
keep it for yourself — retain it — उसे अपने पास रखो
worthless — without value — मूल्यहीन
bauble — showy but useless object — दिखावटी, तुच्छ वस्तु
broke into tears — suddenly started crying — अचानक रो पड़ा
Paraphrase in English
The narrator asks the photographer to stop, speaking emotionally but with self-respect. He asserts that the face being altered is his own, a face he has lived with for forty years and whose faults he knows well. Though imperfect and awkwardly shaped, it belongs to him alone, and he has learned to accept and even love it. He insists that his mouth and ears are his own too and begins to rise in protest. At that very moment, the photographer takes the picture. The photographer smugly claims he has captured the narrator’s features at a lively moment. The narrator sarcastically responds and asks to see the photograph, but the photographer explains that the negative must first be developed and asks him to return later. When the narrator returns on Saturday, the photographer appears serious and proud. They examine the photograph silently. The narrator questions whether the image is really him, especially the eyes and eyebrows. The photographer calmly explains that he has retouched the eyes and entirely removed and replaced the eyebrows using a new process, as he dislikes hair low on the forehead. The narrator grows increasingly bitter as he learns that his mouth has been altered and his ears are to be removed using yet another chemical process. Finally, the narrator angrily interrupts, declaring that he wanted a simple photograph that truly resembled him as God made him, so that his friends might remember him after his death. He condemns the photographer’s cruel artificial methods and sarcastically invites him to alter the picture endlessly until it becomes a glossy, decorative object. Such a photograph, he says, is worthless to him. Overcome with emotion, he bursts into tears and leaves.
Paraphrase in Hindi
वक्ता भावुक होते हुए, लेकिन गरिमा के साथ, फोटोग्राफर से रुकने को कहता है। वह दृढ़ता से कहता है कि जिस चेहरे को बदला जा रहा है, वह उसी का है—एक ऐसा चेहरा जिसके साथ उसने चालीस वर्ष बिताए हैं और जिसकी कमियों से वह भली-भांति परिचित है। भले ही वह चेहरा असुंदर और असंतुलित हो, वह उसी का है और उसने उसे स्वीकार करना सीख लिया है। वह ज़ोर देकर कहता है कि उसका मुँह और उसके कान भी उसी के हैं और विरोध में उठने ही वाला होता है कि तभी फोटोग्राफर तस्वीर खींच लेता है। फोटोग्राफर संतोषपूर्वक कहता है कि उसने चेहरे के भावों को जीवंत क्षण में पकड़ लिया है। वक्ता व्यंग्यपूर्वक उत्तर देता है और तस्वीर देखने की माँग करता है, पर फोटोग्राफर बताता है कि पहले नेगेटिव विकसित करना होगा और उसे बाद में आने को कहता है। शनिवार को लौटने पर वक्ता देखता है कि फोटोग्राफर गंभीर और गर्वित है। दोनों चुपचाप तस्वीर देखते हैं। वक्ता संदेह करता है कि क्या वह सच में वही है, क्योंकि आँखें और भौंहें उसकी जैसी नहीं लगतीं। फोटोग्राफर बताता है कि आँखें सुधार दी गई हैं और भौंहें हटा कर नई तकनीक से बदल दी गई हैं, क्योंकि उसे माथे पर नीचे तक बाल पसंद नहीं। वक्ता का आक्रोश बढ़ता जाता है जब उसे पता चलता है कि मुँह बदला गया है और कानों को भी हटाने की योजना है। अंत में वह क्रोधपूर्वक फोटोग्राफर को रोकता है और कहता है कि वह एक साधारण तस्वीर चाहता था जो उसे वैसा ही दिखाए जैसा ईश्वर ने बनाया, ताकि उसकी मृत्यु के बाद उसके मित्र उसे याद कर सकें। वह फोटोग्राफर की निर्दयी और बनावटी प्रक्रिया की निंदा करता है और व्यंग्य में कहता है कि तस्वीर को जितना चाहे सजाए, चमकाए और बदले। ऐसी तस्वीर उसके लिए पूरी तरह मूल्यहीन है। यह कहकर वह फूट-फूटकर रो पड़ता है और वहाँ से चला जाता है।
1. Why does the narrator say “Stop” at the beginning of the passage?
A. He is frightened
B. He is angry about payment
C. He is emotional and protesting
D. He wants to change pose
Ans. C
A. He is frightened
B. He is angry about payment
C. He is emotional and protesting
D. He wants to change pose
Ans. C
2. With what feeling does the narrator speak when he says “Stop”?
A. Fear
B. Emotion and dignity
C. Excitement
D. Amusement
Ans. B
A. Fear
B. Emotion and dignity
C. Excitement
D. Amusement
Ans. B
3. How long has the narrator lived with his face?
A. Twenty years
B. Thirty years
C. Forty years
D. Fifty years
Ans. C
A. Twenty years
B. Thirty years
C. Forty years
D. Fifty years
Ans. C
4. What does the narrator say he knows well about his face?
A. Its beauty
B. Its faults
C. Its fame
D. Its mystery
Ans. B
A. Its beauty
B. Its faults
C. Its fame
D. Its mystery
Ans. B
5. What does “out of drawing” suggest about the narrator’s face?
A. Perfectly shaped
B. Artistically drawn
C. Badly proportioned
D. Newly changed
Ans. C
A. Perfectly shaped
B. Artistically drawn
C. Badly proportioned
D. Newly changed
Ans. C
6. What happens when the narrator begins to rise from the seat?
A. The photographer stops him
B. The camera breaks
C. The photograph is taken
D. The narrator faints
Ans. C
A. The photographer stops him
B. The camera breaks
C. The photograph is taken
D. The narrator faints
Ans. C
7. How does the photographer trigger the camera?
A. By pressing a button
B. By clapping
C. By pulling a string
D. By turning a wheel
Ans. C
A. By pressing a button
B. By clapping
C. By pulling a string
D. By turning a wheel
Ans. C
8. How does the photographer feel after taking the photograph?
A. Angry
B. Ashamed
C. Pleased
D. Confused
Ans. C
A. Angry
B. Ashamed
C. Pleased
D. Confused
Ans. C
9. What does the photographer claim he has captured?
A. A perfect pose
B. A moment of animation
C. A sad expression
D. A stiff posture
Ans. B
A. A perfect pose
B. A moment of animation
C. A sad expression
D. A stiff posture
Ans. B
10. How does the narrator respond to the photographer’s claim?
A. Happily
B. Silently
C. Bitterly
D. Politely
Ans. C
A. Happily
B. Silently
C. Bitterly
D. Politely
Ans. C
11. Why can’t the narrator see the photograph immediately?
A. It is lost
B. It is damaged
C. The negative must be developed
D. The photographer refuses
Ans. C
A. It is lost
B. It is damaged
C. The negative must be developed
D. The photographer refuses
Ans. C
12. When is the narrator asked to return?
A. Friday
B. Saturday
C. Sunday
D. Monday
Ans. B
A. Friday
B. Saturday
C. Sunday
D. Monday
Ans. B
13. How does the photographer appear on Saturday?
A. Noisy and cheerful
B. Nervous and weak
C. Quieter and graver
D. Careless and rude
Ans. C
A. Noisy and cheerful
B. Nervous and weak
C. Quieter and graver
D. Careless and rude
Ans. C
14. What quality does the narrator notice in the photographer’s manner?
A. Fear
B. Pride
C. Shame
D. Sadness
Ans. B
A. Fear
B. Pride
C. Shame
D. Sadness
Ans. B
15. What do both men do when the photograph is shown?
A. Laugh
B. Argue
C. Look at it silently
D. Turn away
Ans. C
A. Laugh
B. Argue
C. Look at it silently
D. Turn away
Ans. C
16. What is the narrator’s first question on seeing the photograph?
A. Is it clear?
B. Is it finished?
C. Is it me?
D. Is it for sale?
Ans. C
A. Is it clear?
B. Is it finished?
C. Is it me?
D. Is it for sale?
Ans. C
17. Which part of the face does the narrator first doubt?
A. Nose
B. Mouth
C. Eyes
D. Chin
Ans. C
A. Nose
B. Mouth
C. Eyes
D. Chin
Ans. C
18. What has the photographer done to the eyes?
A. Removed them
B. Retouched them
C. Covered them
D. Enlarged them
Ans. B
A. Removed them
B. Retouched them
C. Covered them
D. Enlarged them
Ans. B
19. How does the photographer describe the retouched eyes?
A. Ordinary
B. Poor
C. Splendid
D. Useless
Ans. C
A. Ordinary
B. Poor
C. Splendid
D. Useless
Ans. C
20. What has happened to the eyebrows?
A. Left unchanged
B. Darkened
C. Removed
D. Hidden
Ans. C
A. Left unchanged
B. Darkened
C. Removed
D. Hidden
Ans. C
21. Which process is used to alter the eyebrows?
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Delphide
D. Oxide
Ans. C
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Delphide
D. Oxide
Ans. C
22. What does the photographer dislike?
A. Thick hair
B. Long hair
C. Hair low on the skull
D. Curly hair
Ans. C
A. Thick hair
B. Long hair
C. Hair low on the skull
D. Curly hair
Ans. C
23. What does the narrator’s reply “Oh, you don’t, don’t you?” show?
A. Agreement
B. Admiration
C. Irony
D. Gratitude
Ans. C
A. Agreement
B. Admiration
C. Irony
D. Gratitude
Ans. C
24. What does the photographer say about the mouth?
A. It is perfect
B. It is too high
C. It is too low
D. It is untouched
Ans. C
A. It is perfect
B. It is too high
C. It is too low
D. It is untouched
Ans. C
25. How does the narrator feel when discussing the mouth?
A. Joyful
B. Bitter
C. Proud
D. Relaxed
Ans. B
A. Joyful
B. Bitter
C. Proud
D. Relaxed
Ans. B
26. Which feature does the narrator think is a good likeness?
A. Eyes
B. Mouth
C. Nose
D. Ears
Ans. D
A. Eyes
B. Mouth
C. Nose
D. Ears
Ans. D
27. What does the photographer plan to do with the ears?
A. Enlarge them
B. Shade them
C. Remove them
D. Darken them
Ans. C
A. Enlarge them
B. Shade them
C. Remove them
D. Darken them
Ans. C
28. Which process is mentioned for removing the ears?
A. Delphide
B. Sulphide
C. Bromide
D. Oxide
Ans. B
A. Delphide
B. Sulphide
C. Bromide
D. Oxide
Ans. B
29. Why does the narrator interrupt the photographer?
A. He is bored
B. He is late
C. He is furious
D. He is confused
Ans. C
A. He is bored
B. He is late
C. He is furious
D. He is confused
Ans. C
30. How does the narrator speak during his outburst?
A. Softly and kindly
B. With hesitation
C. With withering [scornful] scorn
D. With humour
Ans. C
A. Softly and kindly
B. With hesitation
C. With withering [scornful] scorn
D. With humour
Ans. C
31. What did the narrator originally want?
A. A painted portrait
B. A modern image
C. A photograph that looked like him
D. A fashionable picture
Ans. C
A. A painted portrait
B. A modern image
C. A photograph that looked like him
D. A fashionable picture
Ans. C
32. How does the narrator describe the gift of his face from Heaven?
A. Magnificent
B. Perfect
C. Humble
D. Unfair
Ans. C
A. Magnificent
B. Perfect
C. Humble
D. Unfair
Ans. C
33. For whom did the narrator want the photograph after his death?
A. The photographer
B. His family and friends
C. Strangers
D. The public
Ans. B
A. The photographer
B. His family and friends
C. Strangers
D. The public
Ans. B
34. What was the purpose of keeping the photograph?
A. Decoration
B. Advertisement
C. Remembrance
D. Sale
Ans. C
A. Decoration
B. Advertisement
C. Remembrance
D. Sale
Ans. C
35. Why does the narrator say he was mistaken?
A. He chose the wrong shop
B. He trusted the photographer
C. Such photographs are no longer made
D. He disliked photography
Ans. C
A. He chose the wrong shop
B. He trusted the photographer
C. Such photographs are no longer made
D. He disliked photography
Ans. C
36. How does the narrator describe the photographer’s work?
A. Artistic
B. Creative
C. Brutal
D. Careful
Ans. C
A. Artistic
B. Creative
C. Brutal
D. Careful
Ans. C
37. Which of these is NOT mentioned among the chemicals?
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Oxide
D. Chloride
Ans. D
A. Sulphide
B. Bromide
C. Oxide
D. Chloride
Ans. D
38. What does the narrator sarcastically invite the photographer to do?
A. Destroy the camera
B. Alter the picture endlessly
C. Take another photo
D. Refund money
Ans. B
A. Destroy the camera
B. Alter the picture endlessly
C. Take another photo
D. Refund money
Ans. B
39. What does “reanimate the necktie” suggest?
A. Adding realism artificially
B. Cleaning the tie
C. Removing the tie
D. Colouring the tie
Ans. A
A. Adding realism artificially
B. Cleaning the tie
C. Removing the tie
D. Colouring the tie
Ans. A
40. What does “reconstruct the waistcoat” imply?
A. Sewing clothes
B. Completely remaking the image
C. Removing clothing
D. Changing fashion
Ans. B
A. Sewing clothes
B. Completely remaking the image
C. Removing clothing
D. Changing fashion
Ans. B
41. What does the narrator call the finished photograph?
A. A masterpiece
B. A treasure
C. A worthless bauble
D. A rare object
Ans. C
A. A masterpiece
B. A treasure
C. A worthless bauble
D. A rare object
Ans. C
42. To whom does the narrator suggest keeping the photograph?
A. Himself
B. His friends
C. The photographer and his friends
D. Nobody
Ans. C
A. Himself
B. His friends
C. The photographer and his friends
D. Nobody
Ans. C
43. What is the narrator’s final emotional state?
A. Calm
B. Angry
C. Tearful
D. Proud
Ans. C
A. Calm
B. Angry
C. Tearful
D. Proud
Ans. C
44. What does the narrator do at the end?
A. Shouts
B. Laughs
C. Leaves in tears
D. Takes the photo
Ans. C
A. Shouts
B. Laughs
C. Leaves in tears
D. Takes the photo
Ans. C
45. The passage mainly criticizes what aspect of photography?
A. Cost
B. Technology
C. Artificial alteration
D. Popularity
Ans. C
A. Cost
B. Technology
C. Artificial alteration
D. Popularity
Ans. C
46. What tone dominates the narrator’s speech?
A. Romantic
B. Humorous
C. Satirical
D. Neutral
Ans. C
A. Romantic
B. Humorous
C. Satirical
D. Neutral
Ans. C
47. The photographer represents which attitude?
A. Respect for individuality
B. Indifference to identity
C. Emotional sensitivity
D. Moral concern
Ans. B
A. Respect for individuality
B. Indifference to identity
C. Emotional sensitivity
D. Moral concern
Ans. B
48. The narrator values his face because it is
A. Handsome
B. Famous
C. His own
D. New
Ans. C
A. Handsome
B. Famous
C. His own
D. New
Ans. C
49. The conflict in the passage is between
A. Art and money
B. Nature and artificiality
C. Youth and age
D. Silence and speech
Ans. B
A. Art and money
B. Nature and artificiality
C. Youth and age
D. Silence and speech
Ans. B
50. The ending of the passage emphasizes
A. Triumph
B. Satisfaction
C. Emotional defeat
D. Humour
Ans. C
A. Triumph
B. Satisfaction
C. Emotional defeat
D. Humour
Ans. C
MCQS: 2
- When the narrator says, “Stop, I said with emotion but, I think, with dignity,” what is he mainly trying to do at that moment?
- A. Ask for a discount
- B. Stop the photographer from taking the picture and defend his own face
- C. Request a different background
- D. Complain about the lighting
- Ans. B
- How long has the narrator lived with his face, according to the passage?
- A. Twenty years
- B. Thirty years
- C. Forty years
- D. Fifty years
- Ans. C
- What does the narrator admit about his own face?
- A. That it is perfect
- B. That it is “out of drawing” and “wasn’t made” for him
- C. That it is very handsome
- D. That it is too small
- Ans. B
- Why does the narrator say he has “learned to love” his face?
- A. Because others praise it
- B. Because the photographer has improved it
- C. Because it is the only face he has lived with for years
- D. Because it looks good in photographs
- Ans. C
- What prompts the photographer to take the photograph at the very moment the narrator is protesting?
- A. The narrator smiles
- B. The light changes
- C. The narrator starts to rise from the seat
- D. The clock strikes twelve
- Ans. C
- How does the photographer capture the photograph at that instant?
- A. By tapping the machine
- B. By clapping his hands
- C. By saying “cheese”
- D. By pulling a string with a “Snick!”
- Ans. D
- What does the photographer say he has captured in the photograph?
- A. A perfect likeness
- B. A serious expression
- C. The features “in a moment of animation”
- D. A smiling portrait
- Ans. C
- What is the narrator’s tone when he repeats the word “features, eh?”
- A. Grateful
- B. Biting and sarcastic
- C. Fearful
- D. Confused
- Ans. B
- When the photographer tells the narrator to come back on Saturday, what does he say he will show him?
- A. The final framed photograph
- B. A negative
- C. A proof of the photograph
- D. A contact sheet
- Ans. C
- How does the photographer seem when the narrator returns on Saturday?
- A. More talkative and cheerful
- B. Quieter and graver, with a certain pride
- C. Angry and irritated
- D. Indifferent and bored
- Ans. B
- What do the narrator and the photographer do when the proof is unfolded?
- A. Argue about the price
- B. Laugh loudly
- C. Look at it in silence
- D. Tear it up
- Ans. C
- What is the narrator’s first verbal reaction to seeing the proof?
- A. “It’s wonderful!”
- B. “Is it me?”
- C. “You ruined it!”
- D. “Thank you very much.”
- Ans. B
- How does the photographer answer when the narrator asks, “Is it me?”
- A. “No, it’s my creation.”
- B. “Not really, but it’s better.”
- C. “Yes, it is you.”
- D. “It doesn’t matter.”
- Ans. C
- What has the photographer done to the narrator’s eyes in the proof?
- A. Closed them
- B. Enlarged them without retouching
- C. Retouched them so that they “come out splendidly”
- D. Covered them with glasses
- Ans. C
- What does the narrator say about the eyes in the photograph?
- A. They look exactly like his
- B. They don’t look very much like his
- C. They are too small
- D. They are too bright
- Ans. B
- What process has the photographer used to change the eyebrows?
- A. Bromide
- B. Sulphide
- C. Delphide
- D. Oxide
- Ans. C
- What does the photographer say about the narrator’s real eyebrows?
- A. They are perfect
- B. They are too thick to retouch
- C. They have been removed and replaced using a process
- D. They are invisible in the photograph
- Ans. C
- What does the photographer dislike about the narrator’s hair?
- A. The colour is too bright
- B. It is too curly
- C. It is “low on the skull”
- D. It is too short
- Ans. C
- What does the photographer say he likes to do with the hair?
- A. Leave it natural
- B. Cut it short
- C. Dye it darker
- D. Get it “clear back to the superficies” and make out a new brow line
- Ans. D
- How does the narrator respond to the photographer’s remark about not liking the hair low on the skull?
- A. He silently agrees
- B. He laughs
- C. He says, “Oh, you don’t, don’t you?”
- D. He apologises
- Ans. C
- What has the photographer done to the narrator’s mouth?
- A. Left it exactly as it is
- B. Adjusted it a little because he found he “couldn’t use” the real one
- C. Covered it with a beard
- D. Enlarged it greatly
- Ans. B
- Why does the photographer say he “couldn’t use” the narrator’s original mouth?
- A. It was too big
- B. It was too low
- C. It was crooked
- D. It was smiling
- Ans. B
- Which feature does the narrator think is at least a good likeness?
- A. Eyes
- B. Mouth
- C. Nose
- D. Ears
- Ans. D
- What new process does the photographer mention for removing the ears entirely?
- A. Delphide
- B. Sulphide
- C. Oxide
- D. Bromide
- Ans. B
- How does the photographer propose to “fix” the ears that resemble the narrator’s?
- A. By enlarging them
- B. By covering them with hair
- C. By removing them in the print using Sulphide
- D. By hiding them with a hat
- Ans. C
- What is the narrator’s emotional state when he says, “Listen!” and draws himself up?
- A. Calm and pleased
- B. Timid and shy
- C. Deeply angry and scornful
- D. Amused and indifferent
- Ans. C
- What does the narrator say he originally came for?
- A. A heavily retouched portrait
- B. A photograph that looks like him
- C. A free sample
- D. Advice on grooming
- Ans. B
- Why did the narrator want the photograph, according to his speech?
- A. To send to the photographer’s friends
- B. To compete in a beauty contest
- C. For his friends to keep after his death, to reconcile them to his loss
- D. To use in a newspaper advertisement
- Ans. C
- What does the narrator suggest the photographer do with the negative and various “-ides” and “-oxides”?
- A. Throw them away
- B. Use them carefully on other clients only
- C. Dip the negative in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide and do all the corrections
- D. Stop using them altogether
- Ans. C
- Which of the following is NOT something the narrator tells the photographer to “correct” or “adjust” sarcastically?
- A. Face
- B. Lips
- C. Necktie
- D. Shoes
- Ans. D
- What does the narrator ultimately tell the photographer to do with the finished photograph?
- A. Give it to him at a discount
- B. Send it by post later
- C. Keep it for himself and his friends
- D. Destroy it
- Ans. C
- Why does the narrator call the photograph a “worthless bauble”?
- A. Because it is too expensive
- B. Because it does not resemble him, so it has no emotional value to him
- C. Because it is technically poor
- D. Because it is too small in size
- Ans. B
- What does the word “bauble” most nearly mean in the context of “worthless bauble”?
- A. Precious jewel
- B. Valuable memory
- C. Trifling ornament or useless object
- D. Old photograph
- Ans. C
- How does the narrator leave the studio at the end of the passage?
- A. Laughing
- B. Calmly shaking hands
- C. Breaking into tears and leaving
- D. Slamming the door in anger but not crying
- Ans. C
- What does the narrator’s long speech (“dip it in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide…”) mainly demonstrate?
- A. His knowledge of chemistry
- B. His confusion about technical terms
- C. His bitter sarcasm and frustration with the photographer’s “scientific” interference
- D. His admiration for photographic processes
- Ans. C
- Which quality of the photographer is most strongly highlighted in this passage?
- A. Humility and gentleness
- B. Laziness and carelessness
- C. Arrogant obsession with technical perfection
- D. Fearfulness and insecurity
- Ans. C
- What theme of the story is most clearly expressed when the narrator insists, “This face is my face. It is not yours, it is mine”?
- A. Friendship
- B. The value of money
- C. The conflict between personal identity and professional control
- D. The importance of punctuality
- Ans. C
- Which line best shows the narrator’s hurt pride and emotional attachment to his natural appearance?
- A. “I know it’s out of drawing.”
- B. “Such as it is, I’ve learned to love it.”
- C. “Oh, there’s nothing to see yet.”
- D. “They may value it.”
- Ans. B
- How does the photographer react when the narrator criticises the changes to his features?
- A. He apologises and offers to redo the work
- B. He becomes angry and throws him out
- C. He calmly explains each alteration as if it were normal and necessary
- D. He refuses to speak further
- Ans. C
- Overall, what is the narrator’s attitude to the photographer’s “technical expertise” by the end of the passage?
- A. Admiration and gratitude
- B. Indifference
- C. Respect mixed with fear
- D. Deep rejection; he sees it as destroying his true likeness and making the picture worthless to him
- Ans. D
1. How does the narrator describe his manner when he says “Stop”?
Ans. He says it with emotion and dignity, trying to show that he is upset but still composed.
Ans. He says it with emotion and dignity, trying to show that he is upset but still composed.
2. Whose face does the narrator insist the photographer is altering?
Ans. His own face, the only one he has lived with for forty years.
Ans. His own face, the only one he has lived with for forty years.
3. For how many years has the narrator lived with his face?
Ans. Forty years.
Ans. Forty years.
4. What does the narrator claim he knows well about his face?
Ans. Its faults, and that it is “out of drawing”.
Ans. Its faults, and that it is “out of drawing”.
5. What physical reaction shows the narrator’s emotion while speaking?
Ans. There is a break in his voice, which shows his deep feeling.
Ans. There is a break in his voice, which shows his deep feeling.
6. What action of the narrator shows his protest before the photograph is taken?
Ans. He starts to rise from the seat, showing his refusal to accept the treatment.
Ans. He starts to rise from the seat, showing his refusal to accept the treatment.
7. What sound marks the moment the photograph is taken?
Ans. A sharp “Snick!” as the photographer pulls a string.
Ans. A sharp “Snick!” as the photographer pulls a string.
8. What expression does the photographer wear after taking the photo?
Ans. A pleased smile, with his lips pursed or pressed together.
Ans. A pleased smile, with his lips pursed or pressed together.
9. According to the photographer, in what state were the features captured?
Ans. In a moment of animation, when the features were moving or lively.
Ans. In a moment of animation, when the features were moving or lively.
10. What does the narrator ask for immediately after the photograph is taken?
Ans. To see the picture, wanting to check how he looks.
Ans. To see the picture, wanting to check how he looks.
11. What must be done before the picture can be seen?
Ans. The negative must be developed first before a proof can be shown.
Ans. The negative must be developed first before a proof can be shown.
12. On which day does the narrator return to see the photograph?
Ans. On Saturday, as the photographer had told him.
Ans. On Saturday, as the photographer had told him.
13. How does the photographer’s behaviour differ on Saturday?
Ans. He appears quieter and graver than before, not as cheerful.
Ans. He appears quieter and graver than before, not as cheerful.
14. What feeling does the narrator sense in the photographer’s manner?
Ans. A certain pride in his manner, as if he is satisfied with his work.
Ans. A certain pride in his manner, as if he is satisfied with his work.
15. How do both men initially react on seeing the photograph?
Ans. They look at it in silence, without speaking at first.
Ans. They look at it in silence, without speaking at first.
16. What is the narrator’s first doubt about the photograph?
Ans. Whether it is really him, because it looks so different.
Ans. Whether it is really him, because it looks so different.
17. Which feature does the narrator say does not look like his own?
Ans. The eyes, which he says do not look very much like his.
Ans. The eyes, which he says do not look very much like his.
18. What reason does the photographer give for the changed eyes?
Ans. He has retouched them so that they come out splendidly.
Ans. He has retouched them so that they come out splendidly.
19. What has been done to the narrator’s eyebrows?
Ans. The eyebrows have been removed completely in the photograph.
Ans. The eyebrows have been removed completely in the photograph.
20. What name is given to the process used on the eyebrows?
Ans. The Delphide process, which is used for putting in new eyebrows.
Ans. The Delphide process, which is used for putting in new eyebrows.
21. Which part of the head does the photographer dislike hair being low on?
Ans. The skull, because he does not care for hair low on the skull.
Ans. The skull, because he does not care for hair low on the skull.
22. What complaint does the narrator make about his mouth?
Ans. He asks with bitterness whether it is really his mouth in the photograph.
Ans. He asks with bitterness whether it is really his mouth in the photograph.
23. What does the photographer say about the narrator’s mouth?
Ans. He says the mouth is too low and has been adjusted a little.
Ans. He says the mouth is too low and has been adjusted a little.
24. Which feature does the narrator think closely resembles his own?
Ans. The ears, which he says are just like his own.
Ans. The ears, which he says are just like his own.
25. What does the photographer propose to do with the ears?
Ans. He proposes to remove them entirely in the print using a process.
Ans. He proposes to remove them entirely in the print using a process.
26. What chemical process is mentioned for removing the ears?
Ans. The Sulphide process, used for removing the ears completely.
Ans. The Sulphide process, used for removing the ears completely.
27. What does the narrator say he originally came to the studio for?
Ans. A photograph that would look like him, a true likeness of his face.
Ans. A photograph that would look like him, a true likeness of his face.
28. According to the narrator, who gave him his face?
Ans. Heaven, as he says he wanted something Heaven gave him.
Ans. Heaven, as he says he wanted something Heaven gave him.
29. What object does the narrator call the final photograph?
Ans. A worthless bauble, meaning a useless and empty object.
Ans. A worthless bauble, meaning a useless and empty object.
30. What is the narrator’s final action in the passage?
Ans. He breaks into tears and leaves the studio in deep disappointment.
Ans. He breaks into tears and leaves the studio in deep disappointment.
31. What does the narrator say about his face not being made for him?
Ans. He acknowledges that his face was not made for him and is out of drawing, yet it is his only face.
Ans. He acknowledges that his face was not made for him and is out of drawing, yet it is his only face.
32. What does the narrator mean when he says he has learned to love his face?
Ans. He means that he has accepted his face and its faults and has come to love it over forty years.
Ans. He means that he has accepted his face and its faults and has come to love it over forty years.
33. What does the narrator mean when he says “This is my mouth, not yours”?
Ans. He means that his mouth belongs to him and the photographer should not change it according to his own taste.
Ans. He means that his mouth belongs to him and the photographer should not change it according to his own taste.
34. What does the narrator mean when he says “These ears are mine”?
Ans. He insists that his ears belong to him and the photographer should not alter or remove them.
Ans. He insists that his ears belong to him and the photographer should not alter or remove them.
35. What does the photographer mean when he says he “caught the features just in a moment of animation”?
Ans. He means he captured the face at a brief moment when the features were lively and moving.
Ans. He means he captured the face at a brief moment when the features were lively and moving.
36. What does the narrator mean when he says the eyebrows are removed?
Ans. He means that in the photograph his eyebrows have been taken out completely by the retouching process.
Ans. He means that in the photograph his eyebrows have been taken out completely by the retouching process.
37. What does the photographer mean when he says he likes to get the hair clear back to the superficies?
Ans. He means he wants the hair moved back to the surface of the skull to create a new brow line.
Ans. He means he wants the hair moved back to the surface of the skull to create a new brow line.
38. What does the narrator mean when he says he wants something to reconcile his friends to his loss?
Ans. He wants a photograph that looks like him so that his friends can remember him after his death.
Ans. He wants a photograph that looks like him so that his friends can remember him after his death.
39. What does the narrator mean when he says he was mistaken?
Ans. He means he was wrong to think he could get a true photograph of himself in this studio.
Ans. He means he was wrong to think he could get a true photograph of himself in this studio.
40. What does the narrator mean when he says “What I wanted is no longer done”?
Ans. He means that nowadays true photographs that look like the person are no longer made, only retouched ones.
Ans. He means that nowadays true photographs that look like the person are no longer made, only retouched ones.
41. What does the narrator suggest the photographer do with the negative and various “-ides” and “-oxides”?
Ans. He sarcastically tells him to dip the negative in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide and do all the corrections.
Ans. He sarcastically tells him to dip the negative in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide and do all the corrections.
42. What does the narrator mean when he says the photographer should “reanimate the necktie and reconstruct the waistcoat”?
Ans. He is sarcastically telling the photographer to adjust even the clothes and accessories, making the whole portrait artificial.
Ans. He is sarcastically telling the photographer to adjust even the clothes and accessories, making the whole portrait artificial.
43. What does the narrator mean when he says the finished photograph should be kept for the photographer and his friends?
Ans. He means the photographer should keep the false, retouched picture for himself and his circle, not for the narrator.
Ans. He means the photographer should keep the false, retouched picture for himself and his circle, not for the narrator.
44. What does the narrator mean when he says “To me it is but a worthless bauble”?
Ans. He means the photograph has no value for him because it does not look like him.
Ans. He means the photograph has no value for him because it does not look like him.
45. What does the narrator say the photographer may value the photograph for?
Ans. He says the photographer and his friends may value the retouched, artificial picture, even though it is fake.
Ans. He says the photographer and his friends may value the retouched, artificial picture, even though it is fake.
46. What does the narrator imply when he says the photographer’s work is “brutal”?
Ans. He implies that the photographer’s alterations are cruel and destructive to his true identity.
Ans. He implies that the photographer’s alterations are cruel and destructive to his true identity.
47. What does the narrator mean when he says he wants something headed by Heaven?
Ans. He means he wants a natural, unaltered face as it was given by Heaven, not changed by chemicals.
Ans. He means he wants a natural, unaltered face as it was given by Heaven, not changed by chemicals.
48. What does the narrator mean when he says his friends may keep the photograph after his death?
Ans. He wants a true likeness so that his friends can remember him as he really was, not as an altered image.
Ans. He wants a true likeness so that his friends can remember him as he really was, not as an altered image.
49. What does the narrator mean when he says the eyes come out splendidly?
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, knowing the eyes do not look like his at all.
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, knowing the eyes do not look like his at all.
50. What does the narrator imply when he says the photographer found he couldn’t use his mouth?
Ans. He implies that the photographer judged his natural mouth as unsuitable and changed it to fit his own idea.
Ans. He implies that the photographer judged his natural mouth as unsuitable and changed it to fit his own idea.
51. What does the narrator mean when he says the ears strike him as a good likeness?
Ans. He means that of all the features, only the ears look true and like his own in the photograph.
Ans. He means that of all the features, only the ears look true and like his own in the photograph.
52. What does the narrator mean when he says he can fix the ears all right in the print?
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, showing that even the ears will be removed.
Ans. He repeats the photographer’s words sarcastically, showing that even the ears will be removed.
53. What does the narrator mean when he says he came for a picture that would look like him?
Ans. He means he wanted a simple, true photograph of himself, not a retouched, artificial version.
Ans. He means he wanted a simple, true photograph of himself, not a retouched, artificial version.
54. What does the narrator mean when he calls the photograph a bauble?
Ans. He means it is a small, showy but useless object with no real value to him.
Ans. He means it is a small, showy but useless object with no real value to him.
55. What does the narrator mean when he says the photographer’s work is finished but worthless to him?
Ans. He means that even when the photographer is satisfied with the retouched picture, it has no value for the narrator.
Ans. He means that even when the photographer is satisfied with the retouched picture, it has no value for the narrator.
56. What does the narrator imply when he says his friends may value the photograph?
Ans. He implies that only the photographer and his friends may like the false image, not the narrator or his friends.
Ans. He implies that only the photographer and his friends may like the false image, not the narrator or his friends.
57. What does the narrator mean when he says he broke into tears and left?
Ans. He means he was so upset and disappointed that he cried and walked out of the studio.
Ans. He means he was so upset and disappointed that he cried and walked out of the studio.
58. What does the narrator mean when he says he was conscious of a break in his voice?
Ans. He means he felt his voice shaking with emotion as he spoke about his face.
Ans. He means he felt his voice shaking with emotion as he spoke about his face.
59. What does the narrator mean when he says he drew himself up and animated his features to their full extent?
Ans. He means he stood tall, made his face as lively as possible, and spoke with strong scorn.
Ans. He means he stood tall, made his face as lively as possible, and spoke with strong scorn.
60. What does the narrator mean when he says his withering scorn should have blasted the man on the spot?
Ans. He means his anger and contempt were so strong that they should have destroyed the photographer morally.
Ans. He means his anger and contempt were so strong that they should have destroyed the photographer morally.
Who said To Whom?
1. “Stop,” I said with emotion but with dignity.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
2. “This face is my face. It is not yours, it is mine.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
3. “I’ve lived with it for forty years and I know its faults.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
4. “Such as it is, I’ve learned to love it.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
5. “This is my mouth, not yours.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
6. “These ears are mine.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
7. “If your machine is too narrow —”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
8. “Snick!”
Ans. This sound was heard when the photographer took the photograph.
Ans. This sound was heard when the photographer took the photograph.
9. “I think that I caught the features just in a moment of animation.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
10. “So!” I said bitingly.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
11. “But let me see the picture.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
12. “There’s nothing to see yet.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
13. “I have to develop the negative first.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
14. “Come back on Saturday and I’ll let you see a proof of it.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
15. “Is it me?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
16. “Yes,” he said quietly, “it is you.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
17. “The eyes don’t look very much like mine.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
18. “Oh, no,” he answered, “I’ve retouched them.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
19. “They come out splendidly, don’t they?”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
20. “Fine,” I said.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
21. “But surely my eyebrows are not like that?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
22. “No,” said the photographer, “the eyebrows are removed.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
23. “We have a process now — the Delphide — for putting in new ones.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
24. “I don’t like the hair low on the skull.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
25. “Oh, you don’t, don’t you?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
26. “What about the mouth?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
27. “It’s adjusted a little; yours is too low.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
28. “The ears, though, strike me as a good likeness.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
29. “Yes,” said the photographer thoughtfully, “that’s so; but I can fix that in the print.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
30. “We have a process now — the Sulphide — for removing the ears entirely.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
31. “Listen!”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
32. “I came here for a photograph — a picture.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
33. “Something which would have looked like me.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
34. “I wanted something that would depict my face as Heaven gave it to me.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
35. “I wanted something that my friends might keep after my death.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
36. “What I wanted is no longer done.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
37. “Go on, then, with your brutal work.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
38. “Keep it for yourself and your friends.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
39. “To me it is but a worthless bauble.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
40. “I broke into tears and left.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
41. “I know it’s out of drawing.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
42. “I know it wasn’t made for me, but it’s my face, the only one I have.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
43. “Here I started to rise from the seat.”
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
44. “The photographer had pulled a string.”
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
45. “The photograph taken.”
Ans. The narrator states this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator states this to the reader.
46. “I could see the machine still staggering from the shock.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
47. “Pursing his lips in a pleased smile.”
Ans. The narrator describes the photographer’s action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes the photographer’s action to the reader.
48. “You didn’t think I could animate them, I suppose?”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
49. “On Saturday I went back.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
50. “The photographer beckoned me in.”
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
Ans. The narrator describes this action to the reader.
51. “I thought he seemed quieter and graver than before.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
52. “I think, too, there was a certain pride in his manner.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
53. “He unfolded the proof of a large photograph, and we both looked at it in silence.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
54. “We went on looking at it.”
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
Ans. The narrator says this to the reader.
55. “Oh, no,” he answered, “I’ve retouched them.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
56. “They come out splendidly, don’t they?”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
57. “No,” said the photographer, with a momentary glance at my face, “the eyebrows are removed.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
58. “I don’t like the hair low on the skull.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
59. “Yes,” said the photographer thoughtfully, “that’s so; but I can fix that all right in the print.”
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
Ans. The photographer said this to the narrator.
60. “Then when you have done all that — keep it for yourself and your friends.”
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Ans. The narrator said this to the photographer.
Two-Mark Questions
1. Why does the narrator protest when the photographer is about to take the photograph?
Ans. The narrator protests because the photographer is altering his face without regard for his identity. He feels the face belongs to him alone, with all its faults, and he wants it accepted as it is, not artificially changed.
2. What does the narrator mean when he says he has “lived with” his face for forty years?
Ans. He means that he has accepted his appearance throughout his life. Despite its imperfections, it has become part of his identity, and long familiarity has made him emotionally attached to it.
3. How is the photograph taken at an unexpected moment, and why is it ironic?
Ans. The photograph is taken suddenly when the narrator is emotionally protesting and beginning to rise. It is ironic because instead of capturing calm dignity, the camera freezes him in agitation.
4. How does the photographer justify his satisfaction with the photograph?
Ans. The photographer claims he has captured the narrator’s features in a “moment of animation.” He considers this professionally successful, ignoring the narrator’s emotional distress and personal dissatisfaction with the image.
5. Why is the narrator unable to see the photograph immediately after it is taken?
Ans. The narrator cannot see it because the negative must first be developed. This delay also builds suspense and prepares the reader for the shock the narrator experiences on seeing the altered photograph later.
6. What change does the narrator notice in the photographer when he returns on Saturday?
Ans. The photographer appears quieter, graver, and more self-assured. His manner suggests pride in his work, indicating that he believes the photograph to be a professional achievement.
7. Why does the narrator hesitate when commenting on the eyes in the photograph?
Ans. He hesitates because he is disturbed and unsure. He senses that the photograph does not resemble him, but he is still trying to understand the extent of the artificial alterations.
8. How does the photographer explain the changes made to the narrator’s eyes?
Ans. The photographer explains that the eyes have been retouched and proudly claims they look splendid. He treats the change as an improvement, not considering whether it preserves the narrator’s identity.
9. What does the removal of eyebrows using the “Delphide” process reveal about the photographer?
Ans. It reveals the photographer’s excessive reliance on artificial techniques. He treats facial features as replaceable parts, prioritizing technical perfection over truth and individuality.
10. Why does the narrator react bitterly to the discussion about his mouth?
Ans. The narrator reacts bitterly because the photographer admits adjusting his mouth, calling it “too low.” This confirms that even his basic facial identity is being reshaped according to someone else’s standards.
11. Why do the narrator’s ears become the turning point of the conflict?
Ans. The ears still resemble his own, offering hope of recognition. When the photographer proposes removing them entirely, it shocks the narrator and triggers his final angry outburst.
12. What does the narrator mean by wanting a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me”?
Ans. He means he wants a truthful image that reflects his natural appearance. He values authenticity over artificial beauty and believes his face, however humble, is a gift from God.
13. Why does the narrator mention his friends remembering him after his death?
Ans. He wanted the photograph to be a genuine reminder of himself for his friends. The altered image fails this purpose, as it no longer represents the person they knew and loved.
14. How does the narrator use sarcasm while addressing the photographer in his final speech?
Ans. He sarcastically invites the photographer to use endless chemicals and processes to alter the image. This exaggeration mocks modern artificial practices and highlights their absurdity.
15. What is the significance of the narrator breaking into tears at the end?
Ans. The tears signify emotional defeat and deep hurt. Realizing that authenticity has been destroyed by artificial methods, the narrator rejects the photograph and leaves, emphasizing the story’s theme of lost individuality.
Three-Mark Questions
1. How does the narrator assert his individuality at the beginning of the passage?
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator strongly asserts his individuality by declaring that his face belongs only to him. He emphasizes that he has lived with it for forty years, knows all its faults, and has learned to accept and love it. His emotional yet dignified protest shows his belief that personal identity should not be altered by artificial standards of beauty.
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator strongly asserts his individuality by declaring that his face belongs only to him. He emphasizes that he has lived with it for forty years, knows all its faults, and has learned to accept and love it. His emotional yet dignified protest shows his belief that personal identity should not be altered by artificial standards of beauty.
2. Explain the significance of the sudden “Snick!” in the passage.
Ans. The sudden “Snick!” signifies the unexpected taking of the photograph while the narrator is emotionally protesting. It highlights the photographer’s mechanical attitude and lack of sensitivity. The moment is ironic because instead of capturing dignity, the photograph freezes agitation, reinforcing the story’s satire on modern photography and artificial professionalism.
Ans. The sudden “Snick!” signifies the unexpected taking of the photograph while the narrator is emotionally protesting. It highlights the photographer’s mechanical attitude and lack of sensitivity. The moment is ironic because instead of capturing dignity, the photograph freezes agitation, reinforcing the story’s satire on modern photography and artificial professionalism.
3. Describe the photographer’s attitude as revealed through his conversation with the narrator.
Ans. The photographer appears cold, technical, and insensitive. He treats the human face as a mechanical object that can be altered at will. His repeated references to chemical processes and his pride in retouching features show that he values technical perfection more than human feelings or personal identity.
Ans. The photographer appears cold, technical, and insensitive. He treats the human face as a mechanical object that can be altered at will. His repeated references to chemical processes and his pride in retouching features show that he values technical perfection more than human feelings or personal identity.
4. Why does the narrator feel disturbed when he first looks at the photograph?
Ans. The narrator feels disturbed because the photograph does not resemble him. His eyes, eyebrows, and other features have been altered, making the image unfamiliar. This shock marks the realization that his identity has been reshaped according to the photographer’s preferences, not preserved truthfully.
Ans. The narrator feels disturbed because the photograph does not resemble him. His eyes, eyebrows, and other features have been altered, making the image unfamiliar. This shock marks the realization that his identity has been reshaped according to the photographer’s preferences, not preserved truthfully.
5. How does the use of scientific terms add to the humour and satire of the story?
Ans. Scientific terms like Delphide and Sulphide add humour by exaggerating the photographer’s obsession with technical processes. They make the alterations sound absurd and impersonal, reducing human features to laboratory experiments. This satirical use mocks modern practices that sacrifice individuality for artificial perfection.
Ans. Scientific terms like Delphide and Sulphide add humour by exaggerating the photographer’s obsession with technical processes. They make the alterations sound absurd and impersonal, reducing human features to laboratory experiments. This satirical use mocks modern practices that sacrifice individuality for artificial perfection.
6. Discuss the importance of the ears episode in the development of the story.
Ans. The ears episode is crucial because the narrator finally finds a feature that resembles him. When the photographer casually suggests removing them, it shocks the narrator completely. This moment pushes the conflict to its climax and leads to the narrator’s angry speech, exposing the extreme absurdity of artificial alteration.
Ans. The ears episode is crucial because the narrator finally finds a feature that resembles him. When the photographer casually suggests removing them, it shocks the narrator completely. This moment pushes the conflict to its climax and leads to the narrator’s angry speech, exposing the extreme absurdity of artificial alteration.
7. What does the narrator mean by saying that what he wanted “is no longer done”?
Ans. By this statement, the narrator suggests that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared. Modern photography, in his view, no longer represents reality but creates artificial images. This line criticizes contemporary society’s preference for perfection over authenticity and emotional truth.
Ans. By this statement, the narrator suggests that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared. Modern photography, in his view, no longer represents reality but creates artificial images. This line criticizes contemporary society’s preference for perfection over authenticity and emotional truth.
8. Explain the narrator’s final speech and its tone.
Ans. The narrator’s final speech is sarcastic, emotional, and bitter. He mocks the photographer’s methods by listing chemicals and exaggerating alterations. The tone reflects deep frustration and sorrow, as he realizes that his simple wish for a truthful photograph has been completely denied.
Ans. The narrator’s final speech is sarcastic, emotional, and bitter. He mocks the photographer’s methods by listing chemicals and exaggerating alterations. The tone reflects deep frustration and sorrow, as he realizes that his simple wish for a truthful photograph has been completely denied.
9. Why does the narrator call the photograph a “worthless bauble”?
Ans. He calls the photograph a worthless bauble because it has lost all personal meaning. Though polished and artificial, it no longer represents him. To the narrator, emotional truth and identity matter more than outward beauty or technical perfection.
Ans. He calls the photograph a worthless bauble because it has lost all personal meaning. Though polished and artificial, it no longer represents him. To the narrator, emotional truth and identity matter more than outward beauty or technical perfection.
10. How does the ending of the story reinforce its central theme?
Ans. The ending reinforces the theme by showing the narrator breaking into tears and leaving. This emotional collapse highlights the damage caused by artificial manipulation of identity. The story concludes by emphasizing that individuality and authenticity cannot be replaced by technical brilliance.
Ans. The ending reinforces the theme by showing the narrator breaking into tears and leaving. This emotional collapse highlights the damage caused by artificial manipulation of identity. The story concludes by emphasizing that individuality and authenticity cannot be replaced by technical brilliance.
11. How does the narrator’s emotional tone change from the beginning of the passage to the end?
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator’s tone is emotional but dignified, as he protests with a sense of self-respect. He speaks firmly but still tries to maintain composure. By the end, his tone becomes bitterly sarcastic, scornful, and finally broken, leading to tears. This change shows his growing anger, frustration, and emotional defeat as he realizes that his true identity is being destroyed by artificial methods.
Ans. At the beginning, the narrator’s tone is emotional but dignified, as he protests with a sense of self-respect. He speaks firmly but still tries to maintain composure. By the end, his tone becomes bitterly sarcastic, scornful, and finally broken, leading to tears. This change shows his growing anger, frustration, and emotional defeat as he realizes that his true identity is being destroyed by artificial methods.
12. What does the narrator’s reference to “forty years” emphasize about his relationship with his face?
Ans. The reference to “forty years” emphasizes that the narrator has lived with this face for most of his life and has a deep, long-term connection with it. It shows that his face is not just a physical feature but part of his life history and identity. This long association explains why he feels so strongly that the face belongs to him and why he is unwilling to accept it being altered by someone else.
Ans. The reference to “forty years” emphasizes that the narrator has lived with this face for most of his life and has a deep, long-term connection with it. It shows that his face is not just a physical feature but part of his life history and identity. This long association explains why he feels so strongly that the face belongs to him and why he is unwilling to accept it being altered by someone else.
13. How does the photographer’s pride in his work show his misunderstanding of the narrator’s wishes?
Ans. The photographer’s pride, shown by his pleased smile and quiet confidence, reveals that he believes he has done a good job. He sees the retouched photograph as an achievement, not as a distortion of the narrator’s identity. This shows his complete misunderstanding: he thinks technical perfection is what the narrator wants, while the narrator actually wants a truthful likeness that looks like him.
Ans. The photographer’s pride, shown by his pleased smile and quiet confidence, reveals that he believes he has done a good job. He sees the retouched photograph as an achievement, not as a distortion of the narrator’s identity. This shows his complete misunderstanding: he thinks technical perfection is what the narrator wants, while the narrator actually wants a truthful likeness that looks like him.
14. What is the effect of the narrator’s sarcastic list of chemicals (sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide) in his final speech?
Ans. The sarcastic list of chemicals exaggerates the photographer’s reliance on artificial processes and mocks the absurdity of modern retouching. By including even “cowhide,” which is not a real chemical, the narrator highlights the ridiculousness of the photographer’s methods. This effect strengthens the satire and shows the narrator’s deep anger at the loss of his natural identity.
Ans. The sarcastic list of chemicals exaggerates the photographer’s reliance on artificial processes and mocks the absurdity of modern retouching. By including even “cowhide,” which is not a real chemical, the narrator highlights the ridiculousness of the photographer’s methods. This effect strengthens the satire and shows the narrator’s deep anger at the loss of his natural identity.
15. How does the narrator’s desire for a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me” reflect his values?
Ans. The desire for a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me” shows that the narrator values truth, humility, and naturalness over artificial beauty. He believes his face, however humble, is a gift from God and should not be changed. This reflects his respect for his own identity and his belief that personal authenticity is more important than technical perfection or social standards of beauty.
Ans. The desire for a photograph “as Heaven gave it to me” shows that the narrator values truth, humility, and naturalness over artificial beauty. He believes his face, however humble, is a gift from God and should not be changed. This reflects his respect for his own identity and his belief that personal authenticity is more important than technical perfection or social standards of beauty.
16. Why does the narrator feel that the photograph cannot serve as a memory for his friends after his death?
Ans. The narrator feels that the photograph cannot serve as a memory because it does not look like him; it is an artificial, altered image. He wants his friends to keep a true likeness that represents the person they knew and loved, not a fake version created by the photographer. Since the photograph no longer represents his real self, it loses its emotional value and cannot help his friends reconcile to his loss.
Ans. The narrator feels that the photograph cannot serve as a memory because it does not look like him; it is an artificial, altered image. He wants his friends to keep a true likeness that represents the person they knew and loved, not a fake version created by the photographer. Since the photograph no longer represents his real self, it loses its emotional value and cannot help his friends reconcile to his loss.
17. How does the contrast between the narrator’s emotional protest and the photographer’s calm reaction create tension in the passage?
Ans. The contrast between the narrator’s emotional protest and the photographer’s calm, proud reaction creates tension because the two characters are completely at odds. The narrator is upset, angry, and hurt, while the photographer is indifferent and self-satisfied. This difference shows the clash between human feelings and mechanical professionalism, heightening the reader’s sense of the narrator’s isolation and frustration.
Ans. The contrast between the narrator’s emotional protest and the photographer’s calm, proud reaction creates tension because the two characters are completely at odds. The narrator is upset, angry, and hurt, while the photographer is indifferent and self-satisfied. This difference shows the clash between human feelings and mechanical professionalism, heightening the reader’s sense of the narrator’s isolation and frustration.
18. What does the narrator’s statement “What I wanted is no longer done” suggest about his view of modern society?
Ans. The statement suggests that the narrator believes modern society has lost its respect for truth and authenticity in favour of artificial perfection. He feels that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared, replaced by retouched and idealized images. This reflects his criticism of a society that values appearance over reality and technical skill over human individuality.
Ans. The statement suggests that the narrator believes modern society has lost its respect for truth and authenticity in favour of artificial perfection. He feels that honest, truthful portrait-making has disappeared, replaced by retouched and idealized images. This reflects his criticism of a society that values appearance over reality and technical skill over human individuality.
19. How does the narrator’s use of “brutal work” in his final speech show his attitude to the photographer’s methods?
Ans. The phrase “brutal work” shows that the narrator sees the photographer’s methods as cruel and destructive, not artistic. He believes that the alterations harm his identity and strip away his true self. This harsh description reveals his anger and deep disappointment, as he feels that the photographer is abusively reshaping his face without regard for his dignity or feelings.
Ans. The phrase “brutal work” shows that the narrator sees the photographer’s methods as cruel and destructive, not artistic. He believes that the alterations harm his identity and strip away his true self. This harsh description reveals his anger and deep disappointment, as he feels that the photographer is abusively reshaping his face without regard for his dignity or feelings.
20. What role does silence play in the scene when the narrator and the photographer look at the proof together?
Ans. The silence when they look at the proof emphasizes the seriousness and discomfort of the moment. It allows the narrator to take in the disturbing image and realize how different it is from his real face. This quiet moment builds tension before the narrator speaks, showing his shock and hesitation. The silence also highlights the contrast between the narrator’s inner turmoil and the photographer’s calm pride.
Four-Mark Questions
1. How does the narrator’s protest at the beginning of the passage show the conflict between individual identity and professional arrogance?
Ans. At the beginning of the passage, the narrator’s protest shows the conflict between his sense of individual identity and the photographer’s professional arrogance. He insists that his face is his own, not the photographer’s to change, and that he has lived with it for forty years, knowing its faults but still loving it. This shows his deep attachment to his natural self and his refusal to accept artificial standards. The photographer, however, treats the face as a technical object to be altered, ignoring the narrator’s feelings and dignity. This clash highlights the central theme of the story: the struggle between personal identity and the arrogance of professionals who impose their own ideals of beauty.
2. Discuss how the photographer’s use of chemical processes (Delphide, Sulphide, etc.) satirises modern attitudes towards beauty and identity.
Ans. The photographer’s use of chemical processes like Delphide and Sulphide satirises modern attitudes towards beauty and identity by showing how people are willing to alter their natural features to fit artificial standards. These technical names make the alterations sound scientific and impersonal, reducing human features to laboratory experiments. The photographer proudly removes eyebrows, changes the mouth, and even proposes to remove the ears entirely, treating the face as a canvas to be redesigned. This exaggeration mocks modern society’s obsession with perfection and its loss of respect for authenticity. The satire lies in the fact that the photographer values technical skill over truth, identity, and human feelings.
3. Explain how the narrator’s final speech reveals his deep frustration and his rejection of artificial perfection.
Ans. The narrator’s final speech reveals his deep frustration and his rejection of artificial perfection through his sarcastic, emotional, and bitter tone. He mocks the photographer’s methods by listing chemicals like sulphide, bromide, oxide, and even “cowhide,” exaggerating the absurdity of the alterations. He tells the photographer to go on with his “brutal work,” correcting every feature until the image is finished but fake. By saying, “Keep it for yourself and your friends… To me it is but a worthless bauble,” he clearly rejects the photograph and shows that he values truth and identity over artificial beauty. This speech summarises his anger, disappointment, and complete refusal to accept the photographer’s distorted version of himself.
4. How does the ending of the story, with the narrator breaking into tears and leaving, emphasise the theme of lost individuality?
Ans. The ending of the story, where the narrator breaks into tears and leaves, emphasises the theme of lost individuality by showing the emotional damage caused by artificial manipulation of identity. His tears show that he is deeply hurt, not just annoyed, because he realises that his true self has been destroyed and replaced with a fake image. The fact that he leaves the photograph behind shows his complete rejection of the photographer’s work and his refusal to accept a false version of himself. This emotional collapse highlights that authenticity and individuality cannot be replaced by technical brilliance. The story concludes by making it clear that when identity is sacrificed for artificial perfection, the result is emotional pain and loss.
5. Compare the narrator’s attitude to his face with the photographer’s attitude towards the same face. How does this contrast develop the central theme of the story?
Ans. The narrator’s attitude to his face is one of acceptance, humility, and self-love, while the photographer’s attitude is one of criticism, control, and arrogance. The narrator says he has lived with his face for forty years, knows its faults, and has learned to love it as it is, wanting a photograph that looks like him “as Heaven gave it to me.” In contrast, the photographer sees the face as a technical object to be improved, removing eyebrows, changing the mouth, and even planning to remove the ears. This contrast develops the central theme of the story: the struggle between personal identity and artificial standards of beauty. The narrator values truth and individuality, while the photographer values technical perfection and his own standards, showing how modern society often sacrifices authenticity for appearance.
Reference To context
Extract 1
“Stop,” I said with emotion but, I think, with dignity. “This face is my face. It is not yours, it is mine. I've lived with it for forty years and I know its faults. I know it's out of drawing. I know it wasn't made for me, but it's my face, the only one I have –” I was conscious of a break in my voice but I went on – “such as it is, I've learned to love it. And this is my mouth, not yours. These ears are mine, and if your machine is too narrow –” Here I started to rise from the seat.
(i) Why does the narrator suddenly say “Stop”? What has prompted this emotional outburst?
Ans. The narrator says “Stop” because he has lost patience with the photographer’s constant criticism of his face and features. The photographer has been treating him as an object to be corrected and improved rather than as a person. Feeling that his individuality is being ignored, the narrator finally protests and defends his appearance. This marks a turning point in the story.
(ii) What does the narrator mean when he says, “This face is my face. It is not yours, it is mine”?
Ans. The narrator means that his face is a part of his identity and does not belong to the photographer to judge or alter. Although he admits that it has faults, he accepts it as his own. The statement expresses his self-respect and his determination to defend his individuality against the photographer’s criticism.
(iii) Explain the significance of the line: “I've learned to love it.”
Ans. The line shows that the narrator is fully aware of his imperfections but has gradually come to accept them. He values his face not because it is perfect, but because it is his own. This highlights the theme of self-acceptance and contrasts sharply with the photographer’s obsession with physical perfection.
(iv) Why does the narrator become emotional while speaking? How does this affect the tone of the extract?
Ans. The narrator becomes emotional because he feels that the photographer’s repeated criticisms are an attack on his identity and self-respect. His voice breaks as he passionately defends the face he has lived with for forty years. This emotional response introduces a more serious and reflective tone into the story. However, the humour is not completely lost, since the argument arises from the absurd situation of a photographer trying to redesign a customer’s face.
(v) How does this extract highlight the central conflict and themes of the story?
Ans. This extract presents the central conflict between the narrator’s acceptance of his natural self and the photographer’s desire to alter and perfect his appearance. The narrator believes that personal identity should be respected, while the photographer is concerned only with technical standards and artificial improvement. Through this conflict, Leacock develops the themes of self-acceptance, individuality, and professional arrogance. The extract serves as the climax of the story, where the narrator finally asserts his dignity against the photographer’s excessive criticism.
Extract 2
“Snick!” The photographer had pulled a string. The photograph taken. I could see the machine still staggering from the shock. “I think,” said the photographer, pursing his lips in a pleased smile, “that I caught the features just in a moment of animation.” “So!” I said bitingly, – “features, eh? You didn’t think I could animate them, I suppose? But let me see the picture.”
“Oh, there’s nothing to see yet,” he said, “I have to develop the negative first. Come back on Saturday and I’ll let you see a proof of it.”
(i) What does the narrator mean when he says that the machine was “still staggering from the shock”?
Ans. The narrator humorously exaggerates the moment when the photograph is taken by saying that the camera was “still staggering from the shock.” He suggests that the task of photographing him was so difficult that even the machine seemed shaken by it. This personification adds to the comic tone of the story.
(ii) Why does the narrator respond bitterly to the photographer’s remark about “a moment of animation”?
Ans. The narrator responds bitterly because the photographer’s remark implies that his face is usually lifeless or expressionless. Throughout the session, the photographer has repeatedly criticised his appearance. Therefore, the narrator sarcastically asks whether the photographer thought he was incapable of showing any expression or animation at all.
(iii) What does the photographer’s pleased smile reveal about his attitude towards his work?
Ans. The photographer’s pleased smile reveals his confidence and satisfaction with his professional skill. He believes that he has successfully captured a suitable expression on the narrator’s face. At the same time, his self-satisfaction reflects the professional arrogance that characterises him throughout the story.
(iv) How does the conversation between the narrator and the photographer contribute to the humour of the extract?
Ans. The humour arises from the contrast between the photographer’s seriousness and the narrator’s sarcasm. The photographer proudly claims that he has captured the narrator’s features “in a moment of animation,” as though this were a remarkable achievement. The narrator immediately responds with a biting remark, suggesting that the photographer has treated him as if he were incapable of expression. The exaggerated importance attached to a simple photograph and the witty exchange between the two characters create comic effect.
(v) How does this extract reflect the strained relationship between the narrator and the photographer?
Ans. The extract shows that the relationship between the narrator and the photographer has become tense and uncomfortable. The narrator’s sarcastic response reveals his resentment towards the photographer’s repeated criticisms and condescending attitude. Meanwhile, the photographer remains absorbed in his work and appears unaware of the narrator’s irritation. Their exchange highlights the growing conflict between the narrator’s sense of self-worth and the photographer’s professional arrogance, a conflict that drives the story forward.
Extract 3
“Is it me?” I asked.
“Yes,” he said quietly, “it is you,” and we went on looking at it.
“The eyes,” I said hesitatingly, “don’t look very much like mine.”
“Oh, no,” he answered, “I’ve retouched them. They come out splendidly, don’t they?”
“Fine,” I said, “but surely my eyebrows are not like that?”
“No,” said the photographer, with a momentary glance at my face, “the eyebrows are removed. We have a process now — the Delphide — for putting in new ones. You’ll notice here where we’ve applied it to carry the hair away from the brow. I don’t like the hair low on the skull.”
“Oh, you don’t, don’t you?” I said.
“No,” he went on, “I don’t care for it. I like to get the hair clear back to the superficies and make out a new brow line.”
“What about the mouth?” I said with a bitterness that was lost on the photographer; “is that mine?”
“It’s adjusted a little,” he said, “yours is too low. I found I couldn’t use it.”
“The ears, though,” I said, “strike me as a good likeness; they’re just like mine. Is it me?”
“Yes,” said the photographer thoughtfully, “that’s so; but I can fix that all right in the print. We have a process now — the Sulphide — for removing the ears entirely. I’ll see if —”
(i) Why does the narrator repeatedly ask, “Is it me?”
Ans. The narrator repeatedly asks, “Is it me?” because the photograph has been altered so extensively that he can hardly recognise himself. His eyes, eyebrows, hairline, and mouth have all been changed. The question reflects his confusion and disbelief at seeing a portrait that bears little resemblance to his actual appearance.
(ii) What changes has the photographer made to the narrator’s face in the photograph?
Ans. The photographer has retouched the narrator’s eyes, removed and replaced his eyebrows, altered the hairline, and adjusted the mouth because he considered it unsuitable. These changes are made according to the photographer’s personal standards of beauty rather than to preserve the narrator’s true appearance. As a result, the photograph becomes increasingly artificial.
(iii) How does the photographer’s explanation of the ‘Delphide’ process contribute to the humour of the extract?
Ans. The humour lies in the absurd seriousness with which the photographer describes the ‘Delphide’ process. He speaks as though removing eyebrows and creating entirely new ones is perfectly normal. The exaggerated technical language contrasts with the simple purpose of a photograph, making the situation ridiculous and satirising professionals who rely excessively on artificial techniques.
(iv) What does the photographer’s treatment of the narrator’s features reveal about his character and attitude?
Ans. The photographer’s treatment of the narrator’s features reveals that he is highly critical, perfectionist, and arrogant. Instead of trying to capture the narrator’s true likeness, he freely alters every feature that does not match his personal preferences. He dismisses the narrator’s natural appearance and assumes that his professional judgment is superior. Through this character, Leacock satirises experts who become so obsessed with technical perfection that they lose respect for individuality and reality.
(v) How does this extract develop the themes of identity and artificial perfection in the story?
Ans. This extract represents the climax of the conflict between identity and artificial perfection. The narrator wants a photograph that reflects who he really is, but the photographer continually changes his features to fit an ideal image. Every alteration moves the portrait further away from the narrator's true self. The absurd proposal to remove the ears entirely demonstrates how the pursuit of perfection can destroy individuality. Through humour and exaggeration, Leacock criticises the tendency to value artificial standards of beauty over authentic human identity.
Extract 4
“Listen!” I interrupted, drawing myself up and animating my features to their full extent and speaking with a withering scorn that should have blasted the man on the spot. “Listen! I came here for a photograph — a picture — something which (mad though it seems) would have looked like me. I wanted something that would depict my face as Heaven gave it to me, humble though the gift may have been. I wanted something that my friends might keep after my death, to reconcile them to my loss.”
(i) Why does the narrator interrupt the photographer and say “Listen!”?
Ans. The narrator interrupts the photographer because he is exasperated by the endless alterations made to his photograph. The photographer has changed so many of his features that the picture no longer resembles him. Determined to make his feelings clear, the narrator forcefully explains what he had originally wanted from the photograph.
(ii) What does the narrator mean by wanting a picture that would “look like me”?
Ans. The narrator means that he wants a genuine likeness of himself rather than an artificially improved image. He believes that a photograph should faithfully represent a person's natural appearance, including imperfections. His statement reflects his desire for authenticity and self-acceptance.
(iii) Explain the significance of the phrase “my face as Heaven gave it to me.”
Ans. The phrase suggests that the narrator accepts his appearance as a natural gift, however imperfect it may be. By referring to Heaven, he emphasises that his face is part of his identity and should not be altered according to someone else's standards. The statement highlights the theme of respecting individuality and natural appearance.
(iv) How does humour emerge even in this serious speech by the narrator?
Ans. Although the narrator speaks passionately, humour is created through exaggeration and irony. His dramatic declaration that friends might keep the photograph after his death “to reconcile them to my loss” is deliberately overstated. Similarly, the phrase “mad though it seems” humorously suggests that wanting a photograph to resemble oneself has become an unreasonable expectation. The contrast between the narrator's emotional speech and the absurd situation maintains the comic tone of the story.
(v) How does this extract reinforce the central themes of the story?
Ans. This extract strongly reinforces the themes of identity, self-acceptance, and professional arrogance. The narrator insists that a photograph should preserve his true appearance rather than transform him into someone else. In contrast, the photographer believes in altering and improving every feature according to his own standards. The extract highlights the conflict between authenticity and artificial perfection, showing that excessive professional interference can erase the individuality it claims to improve. It represents the narrator's strongest defence of his personal identity and dignity.
Extract 5
“It seems that I was mistaken. What I wanted is no longer done. Go on, then, with your brutal work. Take your negative, or whatever it is you call it, — dip it in sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide, — anything you like, — remove the eyes, correct the mouth, adjust the face, restore the lips, reanimate the necktie and reconstruct the waistcoat. Coat it with an inch of gloss, shade it, emboss it, gild it, till even you acknowledge that it is finished. Then when you have done all that — keep it for yourself and your friends. They may value it. To me it is but a worthless bauble.”
I broke into tears and left.
(i) Why does the narrator say, “What I wanted is no longer done”?
Ans. The narrator realises that modern photography, as represented by the photographer, is no longer concerned with capturing a person's true likeness. Instead, it focuses on altering and improving appearances through artificial techniques. Therefore, he feels that the simple photograph he originally wanted can no longer be obtained.
(ii) What is the effect of the list “sulphide, bromide, oxide, cowhide”?
Ans. The list creates humour through exaggeration and absurdity. The first three words sound like technical photographic chemicals, while “cowhide” is completely unrelated. By mixing scientific terms with a ridiculous one, the narrator mocks the photographer's obsession with complicated processes and suggests that all such alterations are equally meaningless to him.
(iii) How does the narrator use sarcasm to criticise the photographer's methods?
Ans. The narrator sarcastically encourages the photographer to continue altering every part of the picture. He suggests removing eyes, correcting the mouth, reconstructing the waistcoat, and covering the image with gloss and decoration. Through this exaggerated description, he ridicules the photographer's belief that endless modifications can improve a photograph and expose the absurdity of such practices.
(iv) What does the narrator mean when he calls the photograph “a worthless bauble”?
Ans. By calling the photograph “a worthless bauble,” the narrator means that it has lost all personal value because it no longer represents him. Although it may appear polished and attractive, it lacks authenticity and emotional significance. The statement emphasises his belief that a photograph's worth lies in its truthfulness, not in artificial perfection. It also reveals his deep disappointment with the final result.
(v) How does this extract serve as a fitting conclusion to the story?
Ans. This extract brings the story's central conflict to its climax and resolution. The narrator completely rejects the photographer's artificially perfected image and reaffirms his belief in authenticity and self-acceptance. His sarcastic attack on photographic retouching exposes the absurdity of valuing technical perfection over genuine identity. The final line, “I broke into tears and left,” combines humour and pathos, providing a memorable ending that reinforces Leacock's satire on professional arrogance, modern artificiality, and the loss of individuality.
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