ENGLISH LANGUAGE QUESTIONS, STD-8. St. Joseph School, BBSR

 

2ND UNIT TEST 2024-2025

STD-8 ENGLISH LANGUAGE

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS: (12 MARKS)

1. Be loyal your ………country.

2. He is notorious …………..gambling.

3. This side is parallel …………..that.

4. We all profited …………..his advice.

5. A goat feeds ……………..leaves.

6. It is difficult to come …………….that rare book.

7. He will certainly get …………..the examination.

8. The teacher called …………an explanation.

9. That building brings …………Rs 7000 a month.

10. He is ready to dispose …………his car.

11. Rust has eaten ……………….the plate.

12. They fixed ……………him to do the work.

 

III. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORRECT TENSE FORMS: (8 MARKS)

 

The children_1 (sit) in a neat circle and 2 (begin) 3 (copy) their multiplication tables, Most 4 (scratch) in the dirt with sticks they_5_ (bring) for that purpose. The more fortunate 6 (has) slate boards that they 7 (write) on with sticks 8 (dip) in a mixture of mud and water.

 

IV. DO AS DIRECTED: (10 MARKS)

 

1. We all enjoyed the story. Our teacher told us the story.

(Join the sentences without using and, but, so)

2. I was wrong. My father said this.

(Join the sentences without using and, but, so)

3. She hid herself so that she might not be seen.

(Use: lest)

4. He is inviting each of his friends.

(Begin: Each)

5. I shall go the market if you come.

 (Use: unless)

6. It is no joke.

(Identify the part of speech of the highlighted word.)

7. His courage won him honour.

(Identify the type of sentence.)

8. Ring the bell, Rama.

(Identify whether the verb is transitive or intransitive.)

9. Teach me swimming.

(Identify & mention the type of non-finite verb.)

10. The committee ……….issued its report. (Choose- have/has)

1ST UNIT TEST 2024-2025.

ENGLISH LANGUAGE, STD-8. St. Joseph School, BBSR

II. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS: (12 MARKS)

1. Rust has eaten………. the plate.

2. He agreed to carry ……….my orders.

3. How did you come ……………this purse?

4. You must cut………. your expenditure.

5. Please hear me…………. .

6. He seems to be well……….. .

7. I have set ………….a sufficient time for revision.

8. My brother has run ………..debt.

9. He doesn't want to part ……………his money.

10. Let me go …………….these papers.

11. You must prepare………… the examination

12. She is smarter ………….the two.

 

III. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORRECT TENSE FORMS: (8 MARKS)

 

A despotic sultan who was blind in one eye invited three artists to paint his picture. "If you …………..1 (do) a bad portrait, I ……….2 (punish) you," he warned, "but if you do a good one, I will reward you. Now ……….3 (start)." The first artist produced a picture that showed the sultan as he …………4 (be), blind in one eye. The sultan had him ……….5 (execute) for …………..6 (show) disrespect to his monarch. The second artist showed him with both eyes intact. The sultan had him flogged for trying ………7 (flatter) him. The third artist drew him in profile, showing only his good eye. The sultan, ……….. 8 (please), rewarded him with gold.

 

IV. DO AS DIRECTED: (10 MARKS)

 

1. This horse is better trained than yours. (Use: Your)

2. Her attitude often annoys me. (Use: annoyance)

3. He is too ill to come to school. (Use: so)

4. I heard of your success. I am extremely happy. (Join without using and, but, so)

5. Mark is brave. Joe is equally brave. (Join without using and, but, so)

6. He was running. (Re-write the sentence using question tag)

7. They arrived soon after. (Identify the parts of speech.)

8. I saw it with my own eyes. (Identify the type of adjective.)

9. He has landed himself in difficulties. (Identify the type of pronoun.)

10. Everyone of those books ……… fiction. (Choose: is/are)

 HALF YEARLY EXAM. 2024-2025.

 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE, STD-8.

 

V. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS: (12 marks)

 

1. We sat ………the beach.

2. Let us go ……….horseback.

3. I caught him ……….the shoulder.

4. Give me change ………….a rupee.

5. Change places …………each other.

6. He is sitting ………….an armchair.

7. I saw a light ……….the distance.

8. The ship is bound ……….Australia.

9. It is a good rule to go………. .

10. The rebels laid ………..their arms.

11. I was let …………..her secret.

12. His uncle looks ……………him.

 

VI. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORRECT TENSE FORMS: (8 MARKS)

 

1. …….1 (convince) that my father ………2 (remember) by all those who value integrity. He …….3 (be) a man of learning and also saw to it that he …………4 (teach) his pupils with passion and patience. He, at times ………5 (use) lose his temper, but that was because he always wanted his pupils to learn well. As a person, he was honest and simple. His greatness ……..6 (lie) in the fact that he ……….7 (have) a pure heart, devoid of malice. Such a man is always valued and ……….8 (be) very rare to find.

 

VII. JOIN THE FOLLOWING WITHOUT USING AND, BUT, SO: (5 MARKS)

 

1. He may run anywhere. The police will arrest him.

2. I wear this expensive outfit very sparingly. I bought it last month.

3. Taniya asked me a question. I was unable to answer it.

4. You helped Riya. She will always be grateful.

5. The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake.

 

VIII. DO AS DIRECTED: (10 MARKS)

 

1. He said to me, "Let us have breakfast." (Use: suggested)

2. She opened the kitchen door and a cockroach ran out. (End: cockroach)

3. Rahul is a better speaker than his brother. (Begin: His brother)

4. Father will send you a message if his flight is cancelled. (Use: Should)

5. He jumped up. He ran away. (Use: Jumping)

6. I can shift FOR myself. (Identify the parts of speech)

7. He tried hard, but he did not succeed. (Identify the type of sentence)

8. He is desirous of being praised. (Identify the non-finite verb)

9. Seeing, he believed. (Identify the non-finite verb)

10. You …….. see that I am right. (Choose-will/would)

HALF YEARLY EXAM. 2023-2024.

 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE, STD-8.

 

V. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS: (12 MARKS)

 

1. The fire gave ………..a dense smoke.

2. The governor gave ………..the prizes.

3. He promised to go……….. the matter.

4. She kept ………….talking.

3. The concert went………. Well.

6. His uncle looks………. him.

7. She is smarter ………..the two.

8. I cannot make ………..his handwriting.

9. The family always failed ……….want of help.

10. His lack of punctuality will be held ……….him.

11. The mouse crept stealthily……… the cheese.

12. The public was cautioned ……………pickpockets.

 

VI. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH SUITABLE TENSE FORMS: (8MARKS)

 

A boy saw a turtle on the beach. He began………1 (examine) it, but the turtle pulled in its head and closed its shell. The boy was upset. ……… 2. (Pick) up a stick he tried to force it open. The boy's uncle from a distance remarked, "No, that's not the way! You'll not get it to open up with a force." The uncle took the turtle into house and put it near the fireplace. It ……….3 (not move) for a few minutes until it began ……. 4 (get) warm. Then the turtle pushed out its head, stretched out its legs and began to crawl. "Turtles………5 (be) like that," said the uncle," and people, too. You can't……… 6 (force) them into anything. But if you first ………7 (warm) them up with kindness, it is likely that they ………8 (do) what you want them to do."

 

VII. JOIN THE FOLLOWING WITHOUT USING AND, BUT, SO: (5 MARKS)

 

1. He lived in the city for many years. He couldn't find his way about.

2. He worked hard. He wanted to get a scholarship.

3. I wear this expensive outfit very sparingly. I bought it last month.

4. He waited a little. Then the candidates were ready for the Instruction.

5. Take heed. It is too late.

 

VIII. DO AS DIRECTED: (10 MARKS)

 

1. It is very simple. Everybody can do it. (Use: so)

2. "Punish the culprit," said the captain. (Change the speech.)

3. Raju did not complete the exercise on time. (Rewrite the sentence using a question tag.)

4. John is very handsome, but he isn't very clever. (Use: as)

5. Father will send you a message if his flight is cancelled. (Begin: Should)

6. We must finish this exercise. There are still three sentences. (Use: to)

7. The soldiers arrived. The mob dispersed. (Use: having)

8. I cannot consent to your plan. (Identify the parts of speech)

9. They rested when evening came. (Identify the kind of sentence.)

10. Playing cricket, he gained health. (Identify the type of non-finite verb.)

For any guidance in Grammar or literature, feel free to WhatsApp at this number : Dr Shankar D Mishra, 8249297412

Language paper, Half Yearly Exam. 2024 Loyala School Bhubaneswar, Std. : VII

Q. 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions :-

1. He will meet you……… the station.

2. I saw a light………….. the distance.

3. Please tell us all………………. the war.

4. Do not live……………. your means.

5. The decision rests ……………you.

6. I sell these at twelve ……………a rupee.

7. There is nothing new the sun.

8. I shall join office ………………Monday.

9. Youth is full ………………..hope.

10 Please pay me ………………….cash.

Q. 2. Identify the tenses of the following sentences:-

1. The Earth moves round the Sun.

2. The boys are playing cricket now.

3. I received your letter yesterday.

4. When I reached the station, the train had left.

5. I shall have returned from school by that time.

Q. 3. Change the sentences according to the given instruction in the bracket :-

1. I have cleaned the cupboard. (Change to PAST PERFECT TENSE.)

2. When will your school reopen? (Change to SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.)

3. They walk to school everyday. (Change to SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE.)

4. Yasmine will depart for Delhi. (Change to PAST PERFECT TENSE. )

5. They are going to the zoo. (Change to PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.)

Q. 4. Identify the Adjectives in the following sentences and specify their types:-

1. They met a young man.

2. They haven't got enough water.

3. She bought ten watermelons.

4. That man asked the question.

5. Which cousin of yours are we discussing now?

Q. 5. Identify the Adverbs in the following sentences and specify their types :-

1. He often visits his in laws

2. It was extremely cold last January

3. He cried out loudly.

4. The grain was scattered everywhere.

5. She arrived early for the class.

Q. 6. Write whether the verbs are transitive or intransitive:-

1. He lit a candle.

2. The book was bought by my Father.

3. He drank the glass of milk.

4. They laughed at the joke.

5. I burnt my hand.

For any guidance in Grammar or literature, feel free to WhatsApp at this number : Dr Shankar D Mishra, 8249297412

Key to Language paper, Half Yearly Exam. 2024, Loyala School Bhubaneswar, Std. : VII

1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions :-

1. He will meet you……… the station.

2. I saw a light………….. the distance.

3. Please tell us all………………. the war.

4. Do not live……………. your means.

5. The decision rests ……………you.

6. I sell these at twelve ……………a rupee.

7. There is nothing new the sun.

8. I shall join office ………………Monday.

9. Youth is full ………………..hope.

10 Please pay me ………………….cash.

2. Identify the tenses of the following sentences:-

1. The Earth moves round the Sun.

2. The boys are playing cricket now.

3. I received your letter yesterday.

4. When I reached the station, the train had left.

5. I shall have returned from school by that time.

3. Change the sentences according to the given instruction in the bracket :-

1. I have cleaned the cupboard. (Change to PAST PERFECT TENSE.)

2. When will your school reopen? (Change to SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.)

3. They walk to school everyday. (Change to SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE.)

4. Yasmine will depart for Delhi. (Change to PAST PERFECT TENSE. )

5. They are going to the zoo. (Change to PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.)

4. Identify the Adjectives in the following sentences and specify their types:-

1. They met a young man.

2. They haven't got enough water.

3. She bought ten watermelons.

4. That man asked the question.

5. Which cousin of yours are we discussing now?

5. Identify the Adverbs in the following sentences and specify their types :-

1. He often visits his in laws

2. It was extremely cold last January

3. He cried out loudly.

4. The grain was scattered everywhere.

5. She arrived early for the class.

6. Write whether transitive or intransitive:-

1. Helit a candle.

2. The book was bought by my Father.

3. He drank the glass of milk.

4. They laughed at the joke.

5. I burnt my hand.

...............................

1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions:

1. He will meet you at the station.

2. I saw a light in the distance.

3. Please tell us all about the war.

4. Do not live beyond your means.

5. The decision rests with you.

6. I sell these at twelve for a rupee.

7. There is nothing new under the sun.

8. I shall join office on Monday.

9. Youth is full of hope.

10. Please pay me in cash.

2. Identify the tenses of the following sentences:

1. The Earth moves round the Sun. (PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE)

2. The boys are playing cricket now. (PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE)

3. I received your letter yesterday. 

(PAST SIMPLE TENSE)

4. When I reached the station, the train had left. (PAST PERFECT TENSE)

5. I shall have returned from school by that time. (FUTURE PERFECT TENSE)

3. Change the sentences according to the given instruction:

1. I have cleaned the cupboard. 

(Change to PAST PERFECT TENSE.) 

Ans. I had cleaned the cupboard.

2. When will your school reopen? 

(Change to SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.)

Ans. Your school reopens in June.

3. They walk to school every day. 

(Change to SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE.) 

Ans. They will walk to school tomorrow.

4. Yasmine will depart for Delhi. 

(Change to PAST PERFECT TENSE.) 

Ans. Yasmine had departed for Delhi.

5. They are going to the zoo. 

(Change to PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.) 

Ans. They were going to the zoo.

4. Identify the Adjectives and specify their types:

1. They met a young man. 

(young - quantitative adjective)

2. They haven't got enough water. 

(enough - quantitative adjective)

3. She bought ten watermelons. 

(ten - numerical adjective)

4. That man asked the question. 

(that - demonstrative adjective)

5. Which cousin of yours are we discussing now? 

(which - interrogative adjective)

5. Identify the Adverbs and specify their types:

1. He often visits his in-laws. (often - adverb of frequency)

2. It was extremely cold last January. (extremely -adverb of degree)

3. He cried out loudly. (loudly - adverb of manner)

4. The grain was scattered everywhere. (everywhere -adverb of place)

5. She arrived early for the class. (early - adverb of time)

6. Write whether the bracketed vers are transitive or transitive:

1. He lit (lighted) a candle. (Transitive)

2. The book was bought by my Father. (Transitive)

3. He drank the glass of milk. (Transitive)

4. They laughed at the joke. (Intransitive)

5. I burnt my hand. (Transitive)

For any guidance in Grammar or literature, feel free to WhatsApp at this number : Dr Shankar D Mishra, 8249297412

OLDER THAN HISTORY & THE NIGHTINGALE: QUESTION ANSWERS

OLDER THAN HISTORY
Glossary
Travelogue: a book or film about a person's travels
Equator: an imaginary line around the middle of the Earth
Celebrated: famous or well-known
Fiction: novels, stories, or other writings that are imaginary
 Non-fiction: writings that are based on fact
Perspectives: particular ways of thinking about or understanding something
Tedious: boring or monotonous
Bustle: a state of energetic and noisy activity
Confusion: a state of disorder or uncertainty
Manifestly: clearly or obviously
Compound: an area of land surrounded by walls or fences
Bungalow: a one-story house, typically with a sloping roof
Veranda: a covered platform or patio attached to a house
Glare: a harsh or dazzling light
Creaking: making a faint cracking or groaning sound
Superintended: watched or supervised something
Table d'hote: a meal served at a fixed price, typically with a limited number of courses
Soothing: calming or comforting;
Lonesome: feeling sad because one has no friends or company
Satisfying: giving pleasure or contentment
Restful: providing rest or relaxation
Customary: usual or traditional
Attached: joined or connected to something
Grating: a frame of parallel or crossed bars
Paved: covered with stones, bricks, or other materials to make a hard surface
Overhangs: to hang or project over something
Compact: closely packed or dense
Intricate: complicated or complex
Minarets: tall, narrow towers on a mosque
Picturesqueness: the quality of being visually attractive or charming
Mosques: buildings for Muslim worship
Sacred: considered to be holy or connected with a god
Holy: dedicated or consecrated to a god or gods
Ineffable: too great or extreme to be expressed or described in words
Hectic: extremely busy or chaotic
Bury: to put something in the ground and cover it
 Elevated: raised or lifted up
 Overwhelmingly: to a degree that is too great to deal with
Masonry: the art or skill of building or working with stone, brick, or concrete
Stair flights: a set of stairs between two floors
Palaces: large and impressive buildings, especially those used as residences for royalty or heads of state
Crammed: packed tightly into a small space
Perspective: a particular way of considering or thinking about something
Commodious: roomy, spacious
Defiled: made impure or polluted
Puissant: powerful
Concluded: came to a decision or judgment
Soaring: rising or moving upward with a smooth and continuous motion
Sculptured: carved or shaped into a specific form
Majestic: beautiful, dignified, and impressive
Softening: becoming less harsh or severe
Lofty: high or elevated
Brilliantly: in a bright and impressive way
Costumed: wearing a specific set of clothes
Metaphorical: using metaphors or symbolic language
Hand-propelled: powered or moved by hand
Ages: very long periods of time
Absolute: complete or unconditional
Purifier: a substance or device that removes impurities
Puissant: powerful
Marvel: something that causes great wonder or surprise
Memorable: worth remembering or notable
Scientific: related to science or the scientific method
Discovery: the act of finding or learning something new
Cholera: a bacterial disease that causes diarrhea and vomiting
Germs: microorganisms that cause disease
Employ: to give someone a job or work to do
Concluded: came to a decision or judgment
Civilization: a complex human society with its own culture, laws, and customs
Savagery: a state of being savage or uncivilized
Generalize: to form a general opinion or conclusion
Comprehensive: including or covering everything
Wonders: things that cause great surprise or admiration
Humourist: a person who writes or tells jokes
Entrepreneur: a person who starts and runs their own business
 Comprehension
A.
1. delightful and charming
2. soothing
3. the boat ride
4. examine the water of the Ganges
5. extraordinary
 
B.
1. If Twain took a carriage to Benares from ‘Mughul-serai’station, he would surely miss the chance of having a pleasant and delightful experience about various activities of the crowd of people around the station.
 
2. Twain describes Benares as an extraordinary and vibrant city with a rich cultural heritage. It is the sacredest of sacred cities. It has a thousand temples and shrines.
 
3. Twain refers to the Ganges front as "the supreme show-place of Benares" because of its grandeur, beauty and spiritual significance. The ghats stretch for a mile, in a solid brick paved street, with wide flights of stone steps leading from them down to the water.
 
4. So far as the "water's secret" is concerned, Twain asserts, since time immemorial Indians have had absolute faith in the purifying properties of the water of the Ganges though it has been polluted by various sources.
 
C.
1. Here, Twain means to say that the stairways are filled with people of different cultures and colours, creating a vibrant and colorful scene.
 
2. Twain found the city's spiritual significance, vibrant culture, and contradictions (e.g., dirtiness and sacredness) intriguing.
 
3. The phrase "India: the Land of Wonders" suggests that India is a country full of remarkable and awe-inspiring things, reflecting Twain's own experiences and observations.
 
D.
1. curiosity
2. melodious
3. generalize
 
THE NIGHTINGALE
 Glossary:
 
Versatile: able to adapt or be used for many different purposes
Raga: a melodic mode or framework for improvisation in Indian classical music
Shagird: a disciple or student
Formidable: inspiring fear or respect through being impressively large or powerful
Interlude: a short piece of music played between the main parts of a larger work
Pronunciation: (English) the way in which a word or language is spoken
Phonetically: representing the sounds of spoken language in a systematic way
Linguist: a person who studies language
Defies description and definition: is beyond all expectations
Intrigued: extremely interested or curious
Rolleiflex: a brand of camera
Captivating: attracting and holding someone's attention
Maternal: related to or characteristic of a mother
Contemporaries: people who live or exist at the same time as another person
Disciple: a person who learns from or follows the teachings of another
Pupil: a person who is taught by a teacher or tutor
Introduced: to present someone to another person
Mehboob: a term of endearment, meaning "beloved"
Pauper: a very poor person
Detective: a person whose job is to solve crimes and mysteries
Contemporaries: people who live or exist at the same time as another person
Improvization: the act of creating or performing something spontaneously, without prior planning or preparation
Charity: the voluntary giving of help or money to those in need
Sherlock Holmes: a fictional detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Ghalib: a famous Urdu poet from India
Zouq: a pen name of the famous Urdu poet, Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq
Momin: a pen name of the famous Urdu poet, Muhammad Momin Khan
Brabourne: a proper noun referring to the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai
Maternal grandmother: the mother of one's mother
Pandit: a term of respect used to address a learned person or a teacher
Sacred: considered to be holy or connected with a god
Spiritual: related to the spirit or soul
Intrigued: extremely interested or curious
Captivating: attracting and holding someone's attention
Improvisation: the act of creating or performing something spontaneously, without prior planning or preparation
Vibrant: full of energy and life
Wonders: things that are surprising or impressive
Intriguing: extremely interesting or curious
Immensely: extremely or very much
Conferred: officially gave or awarded something
Honours: awards or recognition given to someone for their achievements
Legion of Honour: a French order of merit awarded for outstanding achievements;
Tune: a melody or sequence of notes
Witnessed: past tense of "witness", meaning to see or observe something
Comprehension
 A
1. a. The speaker is Lata Mangeshkar's father, Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar, and he said these words to Lata Mangeshkar's Mother.
b. Lata Mangeshkar is referred to as a 'good singer' because she sang beautifully even at the age of five.
c. The 'good singer' was five years old then.
d. The family background of the singer is that her father, Pandit Deenanath Mangeshkar, was a classical singer and a theatre actor.
 
2. a. Jawaharlal Nehru told these words to Lata Mangeshkar.
b. Yes, they had tea together at Teen Murti Bhawan, the official residence of Pandit Nehru the first P.M of India,.
c. Before being asked to have tea, Lata Mangeshkar’s song ‘Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon’ sung on the Republic Day ceremony on 26 January, 1961, had brought tears to the eyes of Pt. Nehru.
d. Yes, the speaker and the listener met again at the Brabourne Stadium, Bombay, now Mumbai,  in early 1964.
 
B
1. Lata Mangeshkar's father realized that she would make an extraordinary singer when she could sing so beautifully even at the age of five.
2. No, Lata Mangeshkar was not happy with her acting career.
3. For Lata Mangeshkar the most important aspect of a song was the words.
4. Lata Mangeshkar listened to someone who would speak the language and read the lyrics to her. She would pay great attention to pronunciation. After hearing the words spoken, she would write the song lines phonetically in Hindi and then sing.
5. The song ‘Ae mere watan ke logon’ is special because it is a patriotic song written by Kabi Pradeep, and was sung by Lata Mangeshkar on January 26, 1963, at the National Stadium in New Delhi following the Chinese attack on India in 1962.
 
C
1. Nasreen Munni Kabir says that Lata Mangeshkar has 'unusual curiosity, a thirst for knowledge and determination to better herself' because Lata Mangeshkar is a lifelong learner who always seeks to improve her craft.
2. The qualities that have made Lata Mangeshkar so successful are her unusual curiosity, thirst for knowledge, and determination to better herself.
3. Lata Mangeshkar was motivated to sing in so many languages because she wanted to reach a wider audience and to learn about different cultures.
 
D
1. publicist - b. deals with media and public relations on behalf of a musician or a group/band
2. instrumentalist - a. plays one or more musical instruments
3. voice-over artist - e. uses her/his voice in radio, television, film, theatre and other presentations
4. lyricist - c. writes words for a song
5. percussionist - d. plays a musical instrument (such as the drum) that is sounded by striking, shaking, or scraping

TO BE, OR NOT TO BE?

 
To Be, Or Not To Be?

Alas! When I get suffocated and breathless 
Being sandwiched by mother's rigid, annoying and irrelevant supplications
And spouse's tortured tears, unyielding glares and fervent irritations,
Life seems to me more accursed and blessed less.

Alas! When I find myself in a dilemma as a chaste lady confronts:
If she relents to the immoral seductions as if to render salvations
Albeit she is constantly called lascivious by her conscience,
Baffled, she asks, "Should that water be accused of cleansing one's anus?"

Alas! When I'm dragged to decide and judge between truth and untruth 
I stand bewildered between my austere duty and decree perverse 
For, the former like Shylock's knife cuts an innocent Antonio's pound of flesh
And the latter, like Lord Krishna's frailty, Duryodhan's sins could be erased from earth.

Thus, who can come forward to say, what should do I:
What's heavenly and hellish what? And To be, or not to be?

Copyright: Dr. Shankar D Mishra, Sr. Lecturer in English, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 
WhatsApp No. 8249297412
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Glossary with analysis of the poem.
- _Suffocated_: unable to breathe properly
- _Breathless_: unable to breathe properly
- _Rigid_: stiff or unyielding
- _Annoying_: causing irritation or frustration
- _Irrelevant_: not related or connected to the current situation
- _Supplications_: requests or prayers
- _Tortured_: subjected to physical or mental suffering
- _Fervent_: showing strong and enthusiastic support or loyalty
- _Irritations_: feelings of annoyance or frustration
- _Accursed_: strongly disliked or hated
- _Blessed_: holy or sacred
- _Chaste_: pure or virtuous
- _lascivious _: feeling or revealing an overt sexual interest or desire.
- _Conscience_: the inner voice that guides a person's moral principles
- _Baffled_: completely puzzled or perplexed
- _Salvations_: acts of saving or rescuing someone
- _Albeit_: although or despite something
- _Austere_: simple or plain, often to the point of being uncomfortable
- _Perverse_: showing a deliberate and obstinate desire to behave in a way that is unacceptable or unreasonable
- _Decree_: an official order or decision
- _Frailty_: weakness or fragility
- _Erased_: completely removed or destroyed
- _Heavenly_: extremely pleasant or enjoyable
- _Hellish_: extremely unpleasant or difficult

Here is a stanza-wise analysis of the poem:

The poet feels suffocated and breathless due to the constant demands and expectations of his mother and spouse. He feels that life is more of a curse than a blessing.

The poet is torn between two conflicting desires. On one hand, he wants to do what is right and moral. On the other hand, he relents to the immoral desires so that the latter gets salvation. The poet compares himself to a chaste lady who is faced with a similar dilemma.

The poet is unsure of what to do and is torn between his duty and his desires. He compares his austere duty to that of Shylock's knife, which cuts an innocent Antonio's pound of flesh. He also compares his seemingly questionable actions to Lord Krishna's frailty, (Lord Krishna gestured Bhim to attack the thighs of Duryadhan to kill him, else the latter could not be killed, thus Lord Krishna went against the impartial ethics of the fight, but, this was needed due to Duryadhan's extreme wrongdoings.) which allows Duryodhan's sins to be erased.

Thus, the helpless poet asks who can help him decide what to do and what not to do. He questions what is heavenly and what is hellish. The poet ends the poem with the famous phrase "To be, or not to be?" which highlights his uncertainty and confusion.

Analysis and glossary Courtesy Mata AI

Std.7, Language paper, Loyala School

 Give the opposite of the following words. a) Brave b), Ancient

V. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions :

1. He will meet you the station

2. I saw a light the distance.

3. Please tell us all the war

4. Do not live The decision rests your means.

5. 6 I sell these at twelve you a rupee.

7. There is nothing new

the sun

8. I shall join office Monday.

9. Youth is full hope.

10 Please pay me cash.

VI. dentify the tenses of the following sentences:

1. The Earth moves round the Sun.

2. The boys are playing cricket now.

3. I received your letter yesterday.

4 When I reached the station, the train had left.

I shall have returned from school by that time.

VII. Change the sentences according to the given instruction in the bracket:-

1. I have cleaned the cupboard. (change to PAST PERFECT)

When will your school reopen? (change to SIMPLE PRESENT) They walk to school everyday. (change to SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE)

Yasmine will depart for Delhi (change to PAST PERFECT)

They are going to the zoo. (change to PAST CONTINOUS)

VIII. Irjentify the Adjectives in the following sentences and specify their types:-

1. They met a young man.

2. They haven't got enough water.

3. She bought ten watermelons.

4. That man asked the question.

5. Which cousin of yours are we discussing now?

IY . Identify the Adverbs in the following sentences and specify their types :-

1. He often visits his in laws

2. Il was extremely cold last January

3. He cried out loudly.

4. The grain was scattered everywhere.

5. She arrived early for the class.

X. Write whether transitive or intransitive:-

1. Helit a candle.

2. The book was bought by my Father.

3. He drank the glass of milk

4. They laughed at the joke.

5. I burnt my hand.

HOW TO MAKE ODISHA VIKSIT OR DEVELOPED BY 2036?

 Here are some ranks for Odisha in key areas:

• Size: Odisha is the eighth-largest state in India by area, covering 155,707 square kilometers. 
• Population: Odisha is the eleventh-largest state in India by population, with over 41 million inhabitants. 
• Scheduled Tribes: Odisha has the third-largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India. 
• GDP rank: Odisha is ranked 15th for GDP in 2024–25. 
• GDP per capita rank: Odisha is ranked 21st for GDP per capita in 2022–23. 
• SKOCH State of Governance 2023: Odisha ranked first in disaster management, sports and youth, and infrastructure. It also ranked second in social justice and security and women and child development. 
• Ease-of-doing business: Odisha ranked sixth in 2023. 
• Economic growth: Odisha's economy grew at 11.5% in 2021–22 and 7.8% in 2022–23. 
• Per capita income: Odisha's per capita income rose to INR 1,50,676 in 2022–23. 

 *Literacy Rate*: 73.45% (below national average) ²

- *Human Development Index (HDI)*: 0.606 (ranked 32 among 35 states and UTs) ²

- *Ease of Doing Business*: 14th among 36 states and UTs ²

- *GDP Growth Rate*: 8.4% (ranked 12 among 20 major states) ²Odisha is located on the Bay of Bengal in eastern India. It is known for its tribal cultures and many ancient Hindu temples.

Odisha ranks 8th in terms of geographical area in India, covering 155,707 square kilometers, which is 4.87% of the country's total area ¹. Here's a breakdown of Odisha's rankings in various key areas:

- *Agriculture*: Odisha is a significant producer of rice, wheat, and pulses, but its agricultural growth rate has been slower compared to other states.

- *Industrial Development*: Odisha has made progress in industrial growth, particularly in the mining sector, but it still lags behind other states in terms of overall industrial development.

- *Infrastructure*: Odisha's infrastructure development has been steady, with improvements in road, rail, and port connectivity.

- *Education*: Odisha's literacy rate has improved over the years, but it still ranks below the national average.

- *Healthcare*: Odisha's healthcare system has shown progress, but it still faces challenges in terms of accessibility and quality of services.

To make Odisha a developed state by 2036, here are some key strategies:

• Economic Growth: Diversify industries, invest in infrastructure, and promote entrepreneurship. Focus on IT, electronics manufacturing, textiles, food processing, chemicals, petrochemicals, and renewable energy 1.

• Education and Skill Development:

Integrate technology into education, enhance vocational training, and improve teacher training and

infrastructure 1. • Healthcare: Upgrade hospitals, expand telemedicine services, and focus on

preventive care 1.

• Infrastructure and Connectivity: Develop sustainable urban planning, expand digital connectivity, and enhance transportation 1.

• Governance and Transparency: Implement e-governance, ensure accountability, and promote citizen engagement 1.

• Social Welfare: Focus on inclusive growth, women empowerment, and social security ¹.

• Innovation and R&D: Establish research institutions, foster innovation hubs, and encourage industry-academia partnerships 1.

• Tourism and Culture: Preserve Odisha's cultural heritage, develop sustainable tourism facilities, and promote cultural exchange 1.