A.
Answer Key: TYPE:1
1.
The boy finished his homework. He went out to play.
Compound:
The boy finished his homework, and went out to play. Complex: After the boy
finished his homework, he went out to play.
Simple:
After finishing his homework, the boy went out to play.
2.
The teacher entered the class. He started teaching.
Compound:
The teacher entered the class, and started teaching.
Complex:
When the teacher entered the class, he started teaching.
Simple:
After entering the class, the teacher started teaching.
3.
The driver stopped the bus. He got down.
Compound:
The driver stopped the bus, and got down.
Complex:
After the driver stopped the bus, he got down.
Simple:
After stopping the bus, the driver got down.
4.
The man washed his hands. He ate food.
Compound:
The man washed his hands, and ate food.
Complex:
After the man washed his hands, he ate food.
Simple:
After washing his hands, the man ate food.
5.
The girl packed her bag. She went to school.
Compound:
The girl packed her bag, and went to school.
Complex:
After the girl packed her bag, she went to school.
Simple:
After packing her bag, the girl went to school.
6.
The cat drank milk. It lay down to sleep.
Compound:
The cat drank milk, and lay down to sleep.
Complex:
After the cat drank milk, it lay down to sleep.
Simple:
After drinking milk, the cat lay down to sleep.
7.
The boy opened the box. He took out the toys.
Compound:
The boy opened the box, and took out the toys.
Complex:
After the boy opened the box, he took out the toys.
Simple:
After opening the box, the boy took out the toys.
8.
The clerk typed the letter. He sent it.
Compound:
The clerk typed the letter, and sent it.
Complex:
After clerk typed the letter, he sent it.
Simple:
After typing the letter, the clerk sent it.
9.
The farmer ploughed the field. He sowed seeds.
Compound:
The farmer ploughed the field, and sowed seeds.
Complex:
After the farmer ploughed the field, he sowed seeds.
Simple:
After ploughing the field, the farmer sowed seeds.
10.
The doctor examined the patient. He prescribed medicines.
Compound:
The doctor examined the patient, and prescribed medicines.
Complex:
After the doctor examined the patient, he prescribed medicines.
Simple:
After examining the patient, the doctor prescribed medicines.
11.
The boy switched off the light. He went to bed.
Compound:
The boy switched off the light, and went to bed.
Complex:
After the boy switched off the light, he went to bed.
Simple:
After switching off the light, the boy went to bed.
12.
The teacher completed the lesson. He gave homework.
Compound:
The teacher completed the lesson, and gave homework.
Complex:
When the teacher completed the lesson, he gave homework.
Simple:
After completing the lesson, the teacher gave homework.
13.
The student wrote the answers. He submitted the paper.
Compound:
The student wrote the answers, and submitted the paper.
Complex:
After the student wrote the answers, he submitted the paper.
Simple:
After writing the answers, the student submitted the paper.
14.
The driver parked the car. He locked it.
Compound:
The driver parked the car, and locked it.
Complex:
After the driver parked the car, he locked it.
Simple:
After parking the car, the driver locked it.
15.
The boy washed his bicycle. He kept it in the shed.
Compound:
The boy washed his bicycle, and kept it in the shed.
Complex:
After the boy washed his bicycle, he kept it in the shed.
Simple:
After washing his bicycle, the boy kept it in the shed.
16.
She painted the wall. She decorated it.
Compound:
She painted the wall, and decorated it.
Complex:
After she painted the wall, she decorated it.
Simple:
After painting the wall, she decorated it.
17.
He read the book. He returned it.
Compound:
He read the book, and returned it.
Complex:
After he read the book, he returned it.
Simple:
After reading the book, he returned it.
18.
The girl cooked dinner. She served it.
Compound:
The girl cooked dinner, and served it.
Complex:
When the girl cooked dinner, she served it.
Simple:
After cooking dinner, the girl served it.
19.
The boy cleaned his room. He organized it.
Compound:
The boy cleaned his room, and organized it.
Complex:
After the boy cleaned his room, he organized it.
Simple:
After cleaning his room, the boy organized it.
20.
She wrote a letter. She posted it.
Compound:
She wrote a letter, and posted it.
Complex:
After she wrote a letter, she posted it.
Simple:
After writing a letter, she posted it.
21.
He built a model. He displayed it.
Compound:
He built a model, and displayed it.
Complex:
After he built a model, he displayed it.
Simple:
After building a model, he displayed it.
22.
The student solved the problem. He explained it.
Compound:
The student solved the problem, and explained it.
Complex:
After the student solved the problem, he explained it.
Simple:
After solving the problem, the student explained it.
23.
She designed a dress. She wore it.
Compound:
She designed a dress, and wore it.
Complex:
After she designed a dress, she wore it.
Simple:
After designing a dress, she wore it.
24.
He repaired the bike. He rode it.
Compound:
He repaired the bike, and rode it.
Complex:
After he repaired the bike, he rode it.
Simple:
After repairing the bike, he rode it.
25.
The man planted a tree. He watered it.
Compound:
The man planted a tree, and watered it.
Complex:
After the man planted a tree, he watered it.
Simple:
After planting a tree, the man watered it.
B.
Answer Key: TYPE: 1 (Addition +)
1.
The teacher entered the class. The students stood up.
Compound:
The teacher entered the class, and the students stood up.
Complex:
When the teacher entered the class, the students stood up.
Simple:
The teacher having entered the class, the students stood up.
2.
The sun set. The farmers returned home.
Compound:
The sun set, and the farmers returned home.
Complex:
After the sun set, the farmers returned home.
Simple:
The sun having set, the farmers returned home.
3.
The bell rang. The players ran to the field.
Compound:
The bell rang, and the players ran to the field.
Complex:
When the bell rang, the players ran to the field.
Simple:
The bell having rung, the players ran to the field.
4.
The rain stopped. The children went out to play.
Compound:
The rain stopped, and the children went out to play.
Complex:
After the rain stopped, the children went out to play.
Simple:
The rain having stopped, the children went out to play.
5.
The shop opened. The customers entered.
Compound:
The shop opened, and the customers entered.
Complex:
When the shop opened, the customers entered.
Simple:
The shop having opened, the customers entered.
6.
The bus arrived. The passengers boarded.
Compound:
The bus arrived, and the passengers boarded.
Complex:
After the bus arrived, the passengers boarded.
Simple:
The bus having arrived, the passengers boarded.
7.
The film ended. The audience clapped.
Compound:
The film ended, and the audience clapped.
Complex:
When the film ended, the audience clapped.
Simple:
The film having ended, the audience clapped.
8.
The match started. The spectators cheered.
Compound:
The match started, and the spectators cheered.
Complex:
When the match started, the spectators cheered.
Simple:
The match having started, the spectators cheered.
9.
The teacher asked a question. The students answered.
Compound:
The teacher asked a question, and the students answered.
Complex:
When the teacher asked a question, the students answered.
Simple:
The teacher having asked a question, the students answered.
10.
The plane landed. The passengers got off.
Compound:
The plane landed, and the passengers got off.
Complex:
After the plane landed, the passengers got off.
Simple:
The plane having landed, the passengers got off.
11.
The lights went off. The children shouted.
Compound:
The lights went off, and the children shouted.
Complex:
When the lights went off, the children shouted.
Simple:
The lights having gone off, the children shouted.
12.
The school bell rang. The teachers left the staff room.
Compound:
The school bell rang, and the teachers left the staff room.
Complex:
When the school bell rang, the teachers left the staff room.
Simple:
The school bell having rung, the teachers left the staff room.
13.
The door opened. A man entered.
Compound:
The door opened, and a man entered.
Complex:
When the door opened, a man entered.
Simple:
The door having opened, a man entered.
14.
The captain shouted ‘Go’. The soldiers marched.
Compound:
The captain shouted ‘Go’, and the soldiers marched.
Complex:
When the captain shouted ‘Go’, the soldiers marched.
Simple:
The captain having shouted ‘Go’, the soldiers marched.
15.
The teacher explained the chapter. The students asked their doubts.
Compound:
The teacher explained the chapter, and the students asked their doubts.
Complex:
After the teacher explained the chapter, the students asked their doubts.
Simple:
The teacher having explained the chapter, the students asked their doubts.
16.
The chef cooked dinner. The waiter served it.
Compound:
The chef cooked dinner, and the waiter served it.
Complex:
After the chef cooked dinner, the waiter served it.
Simple:
The chef having cooked dinner, the waiter served it.
17.
The artist painted a picture. The curator exhibited it.
Compound:
The artist painted a picture, and the curator exhibited it.
Complex:
When the artist painted a picture, the curator exhibited it.
Simple:
The artist having painted a picture, the curator exhibited it.
18.
The engineer designed the bridge. The workers constructed it.
Compound:
The engineer designed the bridge, and the workers constructed it.
Complex:
After the engineer designed the bridge, the workers constructed it.
Simple:
The engineer having designed the bridge, the workers constructed it.
19.
The author wrote a book. The publisher printed it.
Compound:
The author wrote a book, and the publisher printed it.
Complex:
After the author wrote a book, the publisher printed it.
Simple:
The author having written a book, the publisher printed it.
20.
The gardener planted flowers. The children admired them.
Compound:
The gardener planted flowers, and the children admired them.
Complex:
After the gardener planted flowers, the children admired them.
Simple:
The gardener having planted flowers, the children admired them.
21.
The scientist conducted research. The team analysed the data.
Compound:
The scientist conducted research, and the team analysed the data.
Complex:
When the scientist conducted research, the team analysed the data.
Simple:
The scientist having conducted research, the team analysed the data.
22.
The carpenter made a table. The interior designer decorated it.
Compound:
The carpenter made a table, and the interior designer decorated it.
Complex:
After the carpenter made a table, the interior designer decorated it.
Simple:
The carpenter having made a table, the interior designer decorated it.
23.
The musician composed a song. The singer performed it.
Compound:
The musician composed a song, and the singer performed it.
Complex:
After the musician composed a song, the singer performed it.
Simple:
The musician having composed a song, the singer performed it.
24.
The architect planned the building. The contractors built it.
Compound:
The architect planned the building, and the contractors built it.
Complex:
When the architect planned the building, the contractors built it.
Simple:
The architect having planned the building, the contractors built it.
25.
The farmer grew vegetables. The market sold them.
Compound:
The farmer grew vegetables, and the market sold them.
Complex:
After the farmer grew vegetables, the market sold them.
Simple:
The farmer having grown vegetables, the market sold them.
C.
Answer Key: TYPE:2 (Contrast X)
1.
He worked hard. He failed.
- Compound: He worked hard, but he failed.
- Complex: Although he worked hard, he
failed.
- Simple: Despite working hard, he failed.
2.
She ran fast. She missed the train.
- Compound: She ran fast, yet she missed
the train.
- Complex: Even though she ran fast, she
missed the train.
- Simple: In spite of running fast, she
missed the train.
3.
They practised every day. They lost the match.
- Compound: They practised every day;
however they lost the match.
- Complex: Even if they practised every
day, they lost the match.
- Simple: Despite practising every day,
they lost the match.
4.
He knew the rules. He broke them.
- Compound: He knew the rules, yet he broke
them.
- Complex: Although he knew the rules, he
broke them.
- Simple: Despite knowing the rules, he
broke them.
5.
The sky looked clear. It rained suddenly.
- Compound: The sky looked clear, but it
rained suddenly.
- Complex: Though the sky looked clear, it
rained suddenly.
- Simple: Despite the clear looking sky, it
rained suddenly.
6.
She explained the lesson. The students understood nothing.
- Compound: She explained the lesson,
nevertheless the students understood nothing.
- Complex: Even though she explained the
lesson, the students understood nothing.
- Simple: Despite her explaining the
lesson, the students understood nothing.
7.
He felt tired. He continued working.
- Compound: He felt tired, nevertheless he
continued working.
- Complex: Although he felt tired, he
continued working.
- Simple: Despite feeling tired, he
continued working.
8.
He worked hard. He did not succeed.
- Compound: He worked hard, nonetheless he did not succeed.
- Complex: Though he worked hard, he did
not succeed.
- Simple: Despite working hard, he still
did not succeed.
9.
She was unhappy. She smiled.
- Compound: She was unhappy, nonetheless
she smiled.
- Complex: Notwithstanding that she was
unhappy, she smiled.
- Simple: In spite of being unhappy, she
smiled.
10.
They attended the class. They did not listen.
- Compound: They attended the class, even
so they did not listen.
- Complex: Even though they attended the
class, they did not listen.
- Simple: In spite of attending the class,
they did not listen.
11.
It was raining. He went out.
- Compound: It was raining, nevertheless he
went out.
- Complex: Though it was raining, he went
out.
- Simple: In spite of rain, he went out.
12.
She was nervous. She won the prize.
- Compound: She was nervous, yet she won
the prize.
- Complex: Though she was nervous, she won
the prize.
- Simple: In spite of being nervous, she
won the prize.
13.
The salary was low. He accepted the job.
- Compound: The salary was low, all the
same/still he accepted the job.
- Complex: Even though the salary was low,
he accepted the job.
- Simple: Despite the low salary, he
accepted the job.
14.
It was windy. They went for a picnic.
- Compound: It was windy, yet they went for
a picnic.
- Complex: Although it was windy, they went
for a picnic.
- Simple: In spite of windy atmosphere,
they went for a picnic.
15.
He worked hard. He failed.
- Compound: He worked hard, but he failed.
- Complex: Even though he worked hard, he
failed.
- Simple: Despite working hard, he failed.
16.
She felt sick. She went to school.
- Compound: She felt sick, yet she went to
school.
- Complex: Even if she felt sick, she went
to school.
- Simple: Despite feeling sick, she went to
school.
17.
It rained heavily. The match continued.
- Compound: It rained heavily, still the
match continued.
- Complex: Though it rained heavily, the
match continued.
- Simple: Despite heavy rain, the match
continued.
18.
They quarrelled. They stayed friends.
- Compound: They quarrelled, yet they
stayed friends.
- Complex: Though they quarrelled, they
stayed friends.
- Simple: In spite of quarrelling, they
stayed friends.
19.
He had no experience. He got the job.
- Compound: He had no experience,
nevertheless he got the job.
- Complex: Although he had no experience,
he got the job.
- Simple: Despite having no experience, he
got the job.
20.
She practised little. She won the medal.
-
Compound: She practised little, yet she won the medal.
-
Complex: Although she practised little, she won the medal.
-
Simple: Despite practising little, she won the medal.
21.
The food was spicy. She ate it.
-
Compound: The food was spicy, all the same/yet she ate it.
-
Complex: Although the food was spicy, she ate it.
-
Simple: She ate even the spicy food. / Despite spicy food, she ate it.
22.
He was late. He attended the meeting.
-
Compound: He was late, yet he attended the meeting.
-
Complex: Though he was late, he attended the meeting.
-
Simple: Despite being late, he attended the meeting.
23.
The project was difficult. They completed it.
-
Compound: The project was difficult, however they completed it.
-
Complex: Although the project was difficult, they completed it.
-
Simple: They completed even the difficult project.
24.
She was shy. She spoke publicly.
-
Compound: She was shy, yet she spoke publicly.
-
Complex: Even if she was shy, she spoke publicly.
-
Simple: Despite being shy, she spoke publicly.
25.
The weather was bad. They went hiking.
-
Compound: The weather was bad, however they went hiking. (rock climbing)
-
Complex: Even though the weather was bad, they went hiking.
-
Simple: In spite of bad weather, they went hiking. (rock climbing)
26.
He didn't study much. He passed the exam.
-
Compound: He didn't study much, yet he passed the exam.
-
Complex: Although he didn't study much, he passed the exam.
-
Simple: Despite not studying much, he passed the exam.
27.
The task was tough. She accomplished it.
-
Compound: The task was tough, still she accomplished it.
-
Complex: Although the task was tough, she accomplished it.
-
Simple: She accomplished even the tough task. / Despite the tough task, she
accomplished
28.
They were tired. They kept working.
-
Compound: They were tired, yet they kept working.
-
Complex: Though they were tired, they kept working.
-
Simple: Despite being tired, they kept working.
29.
The instructions were clear. He made a mistake.
-
Compound: The instructions were clear, yet he made a mistake.
-
Complex: Although the instructions were clear, he made a mistake.
-
Simple: In spite of the clear instructions, he made a mistake.
30.
She didn't sleep well. She performed well in the test.
-
Compound: She didn't sleep well, yet she performed well in the test.
-
Complex: Though she didn't sleep well, she performed well in the test.
-
Simple: In spite of not sleeping well, she performed well in the test.
D.
Answer Key: TYPE:3 (Reason+Result)
1.
The students studied sincerely. They performed well in the Board exam.
Compound:
The students studied sincerely, so they performed well in the Board exam.
Complex:
Since the students studied sincerely, they performed well in the Board exam.
Simple:
Due to studying sincerely, the students performed well in the Board exam.
2.
She played exceptionally better. She became the Player of the Match.
Compound:
She played exceptionally better, therefore/hence she became the Player of the
Match.
Complex:
As she played exceptionally better, she became the Player of the Match.
Simple:
Due to playing exceptionally better, she became the
Player of the Match.
3.
Himesh played a mischief in the class. He was punished by the teacher.
Compound:
Himesh played a mischief in the class, hence he was punished by the teacher.
Complex:
Since Himesh played a mischief in the class, he was punished by the teacher.
Simple:
Due to playing a mischief in the class, Himesh was punished by the teacher.
4.
He skipped the fitness class. He was scolded by the coach.
Compound:
He skipped the fitness class, so he was scolded by the coach.
Complex:
As he skipped the fitness class, he was scolded by the coach.
Simple:
Due to skipping the fitness class, he was scolded by the coach.
5.
He worked efficiently. He finished the project quickly.
Compound:
He worked efficiently, so he finished the project quickly.
Complex:
Since he worked efficiently, he finished the project quickly.
Simple:
Due to working efficiently, he finished the project quickly.
6.
The clown was funny. He made the audience laugh.
Compound:
The clown was funny, hence he made the audience laugh.
Complex:
Since the clown was funny, he made the audience laugh.
Simple:
Due to being funny, the clown made the audience laugh.
7.
The team practised tirelessly. They won the championship.
Compound:
The team practised tirelessly, so they won the championship.
Complex:
As the team practised tirelessly, they won the championship.
Simple:
Due to practising tirelessly, the team won the championship.
8.
She practiced yoga every day. She remained healthy.
Compound:
She practised yoga every day, so she remained healthy.
Complex:
Since she practised yoga every day, she remained healthy.
Simple:
Due to practising yoga every day, she remained healthy.
9.
The people were industrious. They thrived. (prospered.)
Compound:
The people were industrious, hence they thrived.
Complex:
As the people were industrious, they thrived.
Simple:
Due to being industrious, the people thrived.
10.
The students were well-prepared. They performed well.
Compound:
The students were well-prepared, so they performed well.
Complex:
As the students were well-prepared, they performed well.
Simple:
Due to being well-prepared, the students performed well.
11.
The dog sensed danger. It barked loudly.
Compound:
The dog sensed danger, so it barked loudly.
Complex:
As the dog sensed danger, it barked loudly.
Simple:
Due to sensing danger, the dog barked loudly.
12.
The sculptor created a masterpiece. He became popular.
Compound:
The sculptor created a masterpiece, so he became popular.
Complex:
Since the sculptor created a masterpiece, he became popular.
Simple:
Due to creating a masterpiece, the sculptor became popular.
13.
Niraj Chopra excelled in Javelin Throw. He won a gold medal.
Compound:
Niraj Chopra excelled in Javelin Throw, so he won a gold medal.
Complex:
As Niraj Chopra excelled in Javelin Throw, he won a gold medal.
Simple:
Due to excelling in Javelin Throw, Niraj Chopra won a gold medal.
14.
The speaker spoke inaudibly. The audience left the hall.
Compound:
The speaker spoke inaudibly, so the audience left the hall.
Complex:
Since the speaker spoke inaudibly, the audience left the hall.
Simple:
Due to the speaker’s speaking inaudibly, the audience left the hall.
15.
The garden looked beautiful. It attracted more and more viewers.
Compound:
The garden looked beautiful, so it attracted more and more viewers.
Complex:
As the garden looked beautiful, it attracted more and more viewers.
Simple:
Due to looking beautiful, the garden attracted more and more viewers.
16.
The kids were curious. They learned quickly.
Compound:
The kids were curious, so they learned quickly.
Complex:
Since the kids were curious, they learned quickly.
Simple:
Due to being curious, the kids learned quickly.
17.
The team played as a unit. They won all the matches.
Compound:
The team played as a unit, therefore they won all the matches.
Complex:
Since the team played as a unit, they won all the matches.
Simple:
Due to playing as a unit, the team won all the matches.
18.
She wrote a bestselling novel. She was awarded the prize.
Compound:
She wrote a bestselling novel, so she was awarded the prize.
Complex:
Since she wrote a bestselling novel, she was awarded the prize.
Simple:
Due to writing a bestselling novel, she was awarded the prize.
19.
The match was boring. The spectators lost interest in it.
Compound:
The match was boring, so/ therefore the spectators lost interest in it.
Complex:
As the match was boring, the spectators lost interest in it.
Simple:
Due to the boring match, the spectators lost interest in it.
20. The flowers
were not watered adequately. They withered.
Compound:
The flowers were not watered adequately, so they withered.
Complex:
Since the flowers were not watered adequately, they withered.
Simple:
Due to not being watered adequately, the flowers withered.
21.
The baby was hungry. It cried.
Compound:
The baby was hungry, so it cried.
Complex:
Since the baby was hungry, it cried.
Simple:
Due to being hungry, the baby cried.
22.
The athlete tripped. He got injured.
Compound:
The athlete tripped, so/ therefore he got injured.
Complex:
Since the athlete tripped, he got injured.
Simple:
Owing to tripping, the athlete got injured.
23.
Mother was busy doing her office work. She could not receive the phone call.
Compound:
Mother was busy doing her office work, so she could not receive the phone call.
Complex:
Since Mother was busy doing her office work, she could not receive the phone
call.
Simple:
Due to being busy doing her office work, mother could not receive the phone
call.
24.
The students were motivated. They performed better in the exam.
Compound:
The students were motivated, so they performed better in the exam.
Complex:
Since the students were motivated, they performed better in the exam.
Simple:
Being motivated, the students performed better in the exam.
25.
The child ran fast. It fell down.
Compound:
The child ran fast, so/ therefore it fell down.
Complex:
Since the child ran fast, it fell down.
Simple:
As a result of running fast, the child fell down.
26.
The teacher taught well. She was more popular with the students.
Compound:
The teacher taught well, so she was more popular with the students.
Complex:
Since the teacher taught well, she was more popular with the students.
Simple:
Due to teaching well, the teacher was more popular with the students.
27.
The players worked together. They achieved their goal.
Compound:
The players worked together, therefore they achieved their goal.
Complex:
As the players worked together, they achieved their goal.
Simple:
Due to working together, the players achieved their goal.
28.
She was logical. She solved the puzzle.
Compound:
She was logical, hence she solved the puzzle.
Complex:
Since she was logical, she solved the puzzle.
Simple:
Due to being logical, she solved the puzzle.
29.
The student was ill. He skipped the exam.
Compound:
The student was ill, so he skipped the exam.
Complex:
Since the student was ill, he skipped the exam.
Simple:
Owing to being ill, the student skipped the exam.
30.
The flowers smelled sweet. They were sold fast.
Compound:
The flowers smelled sweet, hence they were sold fast.
Complex:
Since the flowers smelled sweet, they were sold fast.
Simple:
Because of smelling sweet, the flowers were sold fast.
Simple:
Because of their sweet smell, the flowers were sold fast.
E.
Answer Key: TYPE:3 (Result +Reason)
1.
She finished the project quickly. She worked efficiently.
Compound:
She finished the project quickly, for she worked efficiently.
Complex:
She finished the project quickly because she worked efficiently.
Simple:
She finished the project quickly by/for working efficiently.
Additional:
She finished the project quickly through efficient work.
2.
He scored highest marks in the test. He studied diligently.
Compound:
He scored highest marks in the test, for he studied diligently.
Complex:
He scored highest marks in the test because he studied diligently.
Simple:
He scored highest marks in the test by studying diligently.
Additional:
He scored highest marks in the test through diligent studies.
3.
She mastered the piano piece. She practised it every day.
Compound:
She mastered the piano piece, for she practised it every day.
Complex:
She mastered the piano piece because she practised it every day.
Simple:
She mastered the piano piece by/for practising it every day.
Additional:
She mastered the piano piece with daily practice.
4.
He won the championship He trained tirelessly.
Compound:
He won the championship, for he trained tirelessly.
Complex:
He won the championship because he trained tirelessly.
Simple:
He won the championship by training tirelessly.
Additional:
He won the championship through tireless training.
5.
She wrote a masterpiece. She was talented.
Compound:
She wrote a masterpiece, for she was talented.
Complex:
She wrote a masterpiece because she was talented.
Simple:
For being talented, she wrote a masterpiece.
Additional:
She wrote a masterpiece with her talent.
6.
He solved the puzzle. He was logical.
Compound:
He solved the puzzle, for he was logical.
Complex:
He solved the puzzle because he was logical.
Simple:
For being logical, he solved the puzzle.
Additional:
He solved the puzzle using logic.
7.
She was nominated for the prize. She wrote a bestselling novel.
Compound:
She was nominated for the prize, for she wrote a bestselling novel.
Complex:
She was nominated for the prize because she wrote a bestselling novel.
Simple:
She was nominated for the prize for writing a bestselling novel.
Additional:
She was nominated for the prize through her bestselling novel.
8.
He ran a marathon. He was well-trained.
Compound:
He ran a marathon, for he was well-trained.
Complex:
He ran a marathon because he was well-trained.
Simple:
Being well-trained, he ran a marathon.
Additional:
He ran a marathon with good training.
9.
She sang beautifully. She had a great voice.
Compound:
She sang beautifully, for she had a great voice.
Complex:
She sang beautifully because she had a great voice.
Simple:
She sang beautifully for having a great voice.
Additional: Her great voice helped her
sing beautifully.
10. He built a successful business. He
worked hard.
Compound:
He built a successful business, for he worked hard.
Complex:
He built a successful business because he worked hard.
Simple:
He built a successful business by working hard.
Additional:
He built a successful business through hard work.
11.
She danced with elegance. She took lessons for years.
Compound:
She danced with elegance, for she took lessons for years.
Complex:
She danced with elegance because she took lessons for years.
Simple:
She danced with elegance by/for taking lessons for years.
Additional
Simple: Years of lessons helped her dance with elegance.
12.
He played the guitar flawlessly. He practised regularly.
Compound:
He played the guitar flawlessly, for he practised regularly.
Complex:
He played the guitar flawlessly because he practised regularly.
Simple:
He played the guitar flawlessly by practising regularly.
Additional
Simple: Regular practice made him play the guitar flawlessly.
13.
She cooked a delicious meal. She used fresh ingredients.
Compound:
She cooked a delicious meal, for she used fresh ingredients.
Complex:
She cooked a delicious meal because she used fresh ingredients.
Simple:
She cooked a delicious meal by using fresh ingredients.
Additional:
Fresh ingredients helped her cook a delicious meal.
14.
He finished the race first. He sprinted incredibly.
Compound:
He finished the race first, for he sprinted incredibly.
Complex:
He finished the race first because he sprinted incredibly.
Simple:
He finished the race first by/for sprinting incredibly.
Additional:
Incredible sprinting made him finish the race first.
15.
She was late for the office. She was caught in the traffic.
Compound:
She was late for the office, for she was caught in the traffic.
Complex:
She was late for the office because she was caught in the traffic.
Simple:
She was late for the office for being caught in the traffic.
Additional:
Traffic made her late for the office.
16.
He composed a symphony. He was musically gifted.
Compound:
He composed a symphony, for he was musically gifted.
Complex:
He composed a symphony because he was musically gifted.
Simple:
Being musically gifted, he composed a symphony.
Additional
Simple: His musical gift helped him compose a symphony.
17.
She learned a new language. She studied consistently.
Compound:
She learned a new language, for she studied consistently.
Complex:
She learned a new language because she studied consistently.
Simple:
She learned a new language by/for studying consistently.
Additional:
Consistent study helped her learn a new language.
18.
He became a great leader. He had strong vision.
Compound:
He became a great leader, for he had strong vision.
Complex:
He became a great leader because he had strong vision.
Simple:
He became a great leader, for having strong vision.
Additional:
His strong vision made him a great leader.
19.
She excelled in sports. She was dedicated.
Compound:
She excelled in sports, for she was dedicated.
Complex:
She excelled in sports because she was dedicated.
Simple:
Being dedicated, she excelled in sports.
Additional:
Dedication helped her excel in sports.
20.
He built a treehouse. He was handy.
Compound:
He built a treehouse, for he was handy.
Complex:
He built a treehouse because he was handy.
Simple:
Being handy, he built a treehouse.
Additional:
His handiness helped him build a treehouse.
21.
She sang in harmony. She had a good ear.
Compound:
She sang in harmony, for she had a good ear.
Complex:
She sang in harmony because she had a good ear.
Simple:
She sang in harmony for having a good ear.
Additional:
Her good ear helped her sing in harmony.
22.
He wrote a bestselling book. He was a skilled writer.
Compound:
He wrote a bestselling book, for he was a skilled writer.
Complex:
He wrote a bestselling book because he was a skilled writer.
Simple:
Being a skilled writer, he wrote a bestselling book.
Additional:
His skill in writing earned him a bestselling book.
23.
She created art. She was imaginative.
Compound:
She created art, for she was imaginative.
Complex:
She created art because she was imaginative.
Simple:
Being imaginative, she created art.
Additional:
Her imagination helped her create art.
24.
He played soccer well. He was agile.
Compound:
He played soccer well, for he was agile.
Complex:
He played soccer well because he was agile.
Simple:
For being agile, he played soccer well.
Additional:
His agility made him play soccer well.
25.
She solved complex problems. He was analytical.
Compound:
She solved complex problems, for she was analytical.
Complex:
She solved complex problems because she was analytical.
Simple:
For being analytical, she solved complex problems.
Additional:
Her analytical mind helped her solve complex problems.
26.
He became a master chef. He trained under experts.
Compound:
He became a master chef, for he trained under experts.
Complex:
He became a master chef because he trained under experts.
Simple:
He became a master chef by training under experts.
Additional:
Training under experts helped him become a master chef.
27.
She danced with passion. She loved the music.
Compound:
She danced with passion, for she loved the music.
Complex:
She danced with passion because she loved the music.
Simple:
She danced with passion for loving the music.
Additional:
Her love for music made her dance with passion.
28.
He played the violin beautifully. He was trained well.
Compound:
He played the violin beautifully, for he was trained well.
Complex:
He played the violin beautifully because he was trained well.
Simple:
For being well-trained, he played the violin beautifully.
Additional:
Good training made him play the violin beautifully.
29.
She wrote poetry. She was expressive.
Compound:
She wrote poetry, for she was expressive.
Complex:
She wrote poetry because she was expressive.
Simple:
For being expressive, she wrote poetry.
Additional:
Her expressiveness helped her write poetry.
30.
He built a robot. He was inventive.
Compound:
He built a robot, for he was inventive.
Complex:
He built a robot because he was inventive.
Simple:
He built a robot for being inventive.
Additional:
His inventiveness helped him build a robot.
F.
Answer Key: TYPE:4 (Condition)
1.
Study regularly. You'll excel in exams.
Compound:
Study regularly, or you’ll not excel in exams.
Complex:
If you study regularly, you’ll excel in exams.
Complex:
Unless you study regularly, you’ll not excel in exams.
Simple:
Study regularly to excel in exams.
Simple:
Without studying regularly, you’ll not excel in exams.
2.
Practise every day. You'll master the skill.
Compound:
Practise every day, or you won’t master the skill.
Complex:
If you practise every day, you’ll master the skill.
Complex:
Unless you practise every day, you’ll not master the skill.
Simple:
Practise every day to master the skill.
Simple:
Without practising every day, you won’t master the skill.
3.
Eat healthy food. You'll stay fit.
Compound:
Eat healthy food, otherwise you won’t stay fit.
Complex:
If you eat healthy food, you’ll stay fit.
Complex:
Unless you eat healthy food, you won’t stay fit.
Simple:
Without eating healthy food, you won’t stay fit.
Simple:
Eat healthy food to stay fit.
4.
Work hard. You'll achieve your goals.
Compound:
Work hard, else you won’t achieve your goals.
Complex:
If you work hard, you’ll achieve your goals.
Complex:
Unless you work hard, you won’t achieve your goals.
Simple:
Without working hard, you won’t achieve your goals.
Simple:
Work hard to achieve your goals.
5.
Be punctual. You'll make a good impression.
Compound:
Be punctual, otherwise you won’t make a good impression.
Complex:
If you are punctual, you’ll make a good impression.
Complex:
Unless you are punctual, you won’t make a good impression.
Simple:
Without being punctual, you won’t make a good impression.
Simple:
Be punctual to make a good impression.
6.
Read books. You'll gain knowledge.
Compound:
Read books, or you won’t gain knowledge.
Complex:
If you read books, you’ll gain knowledge.
Complex:
Unless you read books, you won’t gain knowledge.
Simple:
Without reading books, you won’t gain knowledge.
Simple:
Read books to gain knowledge.
7.
Exercise daily. You'll stay healthy.
Compound:
Exercise daily, else you won’t stay healthy.
Complex:
If you exercise daily, you’ll stay healthy.
Complex:
Unless you exercise daily, you won’t stay healthy.
Simple:
Without exercising daily, you won’t stay healthy.
Simple:
Exercise daily to stay healthy.
8.
Plan ahead. You'll avoid stress.
Compound:
Plan ahead, otherwise you won’t avoid stress.
Complex:
If you plan ahead, you’ll avoid stress.
Complex:
Unless you plan ahead, you won’t avoid stress.
Simple:
Without planning ahead, you won’t avoid stress.
Simple:
Plan ahead to avoid stress.
9.
Learn from mistakes. You'll grow.
Compound:
Learn from mistakes, or you won’t grow.
Complex:
If you learn from mistakes, you’ll grow.
Complex:
Unless you learn from mistakes, you won’t grow.
Simple:
Without learning from mistakes, you won’t grow.
Simple:
Learn from mistakes to grow.
10.
Be kind. You'll make friends.
Compound:
Be kind, else you won’t make friends.
Complex:
If you are kind, you’ll make friends.
Complex:
Unless you are kind, you won’t make friends.
Simple:
Without being kind, you’ll not make friends.
Simple:
Be kind to make friends.
11.
Set goals. You'll stay focused.
Compound:
Set goals, otherwise you won’t stay focused.
Complex:
If you set goals, you’ll stay focused.
Complex:
Unless you set goals, you won’t stay focused.
Simple:
Without setting goals, you won’t stay focused.
Simple:
Set goals to stay focused.
12.
Take breaks. You'll stay refreshed.
Compound:
Take breaks, or you won’t stay refreshed.
Complex:
If you take breaks, you’ll stay refreshed.
Complex:
Unless you take breaks, you won’t stay refreshed.
Simple:
Without taking breaks, you won’t stay refreshed.
Simple:
Take breaks to stay refreshed.
13.
Stay hydrated. You'll stay energized.
Compound:
Stay hydrated, else you won’t stay energized.
Complex:
If you stay hydrated, you’ll stay energized.
Complex:
Unless you stay hydrated, you won’t stay energized.
Simple:
Without staying hydrated, you’ll not stay energized.
Simple:
Stay hydrated to stay energized.
14.
Practise mindfulness. You'll reduce stress.
Compound:
Practise mindfulness, or you won’t reduce stress.
Complex:
If you practise mindfulness, you’ll reduce stress.
Complex:
Unless you practise mindfulness, you won’t reduce stress.
Simple:
Without practising mindfulness, you won’t reduce stress.
Simple:
Practise mindfulness to reduce stress.
15.
Learn a new skill. You'll enhance your career.
Compound:
Learn a new skill, otherwise you won’t enhance your career.
Complex:
If you learn a new skill, you’ll enhance your career.
Complex:
Unless you learn a new skill, you won’t enhance your career.
Simple:
Without learning a new skill, you’ll not enhance your career.
Simple:
Learn a new skill to enhance your career.
16.
Be patient. You'll achieve success.
Compound:
Be patient, else you won’t achieve success.
Complex:
If you are patient, you’ll achieve success.
Complex:
Unless you are patient, you won’t achieve success.
Simple:
Without being patient, you won’t achieve success.
Simple:
Without patience, you won’t achieve success.
Simple:
Be patient to achieve success.
17.
Stay positive. You'll overcome challenges.
Compound:
Stay positive, or you won’t overcome challenges.
Complex:
If you stay positive, you’ll overcome challenges.
Complex:
Unless you stay positive, you won’t overcome challenges.
Simple:
Without staying positive, you won’t overcome challenges.
Simple:
Without positivity, you won’t overcome challenges.
Simple:
Stay positive to overcome challenges.
18.
Get enough sleep. You'll feel rested.
Compound:
Get enough sleep, otherwise you won’t feel rested.
Complex:
If you get enough sleep, you’ll feel rested.
Complex:
Unless you get enough sleep, you won’t feel rested.
Simple:
Without getting enough sleep, you won’t feel rested.
Simple:
Get enough sleep to feel rested.
19.
Stay organized. You'll save time.
Compound:
Stay organized, else you won’t save time.
Complex:
If you stay organized, you’ll save time.
Complex:
Unless you stay organized, you won’t save time.
Simple:
Without staying organized, you won’t save time.
Simple:
Stay organized to save time.
20.
Believe in yourself. You'll succeed.
Compound:
Believe in yourself, or you won’t succeed.
Complex:
If you believe in yourself, you’ll succeed.
Complex:
Unless you believe in yourself, you won’t succeed.
Simple:
Without believing in yourself, you won’t succeed.
Simple:
Without self-belief, you won’t succeed.
Simple:
Believe in yourself to succeed.
G.
Answer Key: TYPE:5 (Purpose)
1.
She enrolled in a cooking class. She wanted to improve her culinary skills.
Compound:
She enrolled in a cooking class, else she could not improve her culinary
skills.
Complex:
She enrolled in a cooking class so that/in order that she could improve her
culinary skills.
Simple
1: Without enrolling in a cooking class, she could not improve her culinary
skills.
Simple
2: She enrolled in a cooking class to improve her culinary skills.
2.
He joined a fitness centre. His goal was to achieve a healthy physique.
Compound:
He joined a fitness centre, or he could not achieve a healthy physique.
Complex:
He joined a fitness centre so that/in order that he could achieve a healthy
physique.
Simple
1: Without joining a fitness centre, he could not achieve a healthy physique.
Simple
2: He joined a fitness centre to achieve a healthy physique.
3.
She attended a writing workshop. She wanted to develop her writing style.
Compound:
She attended a writing workshop, else she could not develop her writing style.
Complex:
She attended a writing workshop so that/in order that she could develop her
writing style.
Simple
1: Without attending a writing workshop, she could not develop her writing
style.
Simple
2: She attended a writing workshop to develop her writing style.
4.
He took a photography course. His purpose was to master photography techniques.
Compound:
He took a photography course, otherwise he could not master photography
techniques.
Complex:
He took a photography course so that/in order that he could master photography
techniques.
Simple
1: Without taking a photography course, he could not master photography
techniques.
Simple
2: He took a photography course to master photography techniques.
5.
She signed up for a language course. Her goal was to achieve language
proficiency.
Compound:
She signed up for a language course, else she could not achieve language
proficiency.
Complex:
She signed up for a language course so that/in order that she could achieve
language proficiency.
Simple
1: Without signing up for a language course, she could not achieve language
proficiency.
Simple
2: She signed up for a language course to achieve language proficiency.
6.
He joined a book club. His purpose was to explore different genres.
Compound:
He joined a book club, else he could not explore different genres.
Complex:
He joined a book club so that/in order that he could explore different genres.
Simple
1: Without joining a book club, he could not explore different genres.
Simple
2: He joined a book club to explore different genres.
7.
She enrolled in a dance class. Her objective was to improve her dance skills.
Compound:
She enrolled in a dance class, otherwise she could not improve her dance
skills.
Complex:
She enrolled in a dance class so that/in order that she could improve her dance
skills.
Simple
1: Without enrolling in a dance class, she could not improve her dance skills.
Simple
2: She enrolled in a dance class to improve her dance skills.
8.
He attended a business seminar. He wanted to learn networking.
Compound:
He attended a business seminar, else he could not learn networking.
Complex:
He attended a business seminar so that/in order that he could learn networking.
Simple
1: Without attending a business seminar, he could not learn networking.
Simple
2: He attended a business seminar to learn networking.
9.
She took a painting course. She wanted to express herself creatively.
Compound:
She took a painting course, else she could not express herself creatively.
Complex:
She took a painting course so that/in order that she could express herself
creatively.
Simple
1: Without taking a painting course, she could not express herself creatively.
Simple
2: She took a painting course to express herself creatively.
10.
He joined a sports team. He wanted to stay active.
Compound:
He joined a sports team, else he could not stay active.
Complex:
He joined a sports team so that/in order that he could stay active.
Simple
1: Without joining a sports team, he could not stay active.
Simple
2: He joined a sports team to stay active.
11.
She enrolled in a music school. She wanted to learn an instrument.
Compound:
She enrolled in a music school, else she could not learn an instrument.
Complex:
She enrolled in a music school so that/in order that she could learn an
instrument.
Simple
1: Without enrolling in a music school, she could not learn an instrument.
Simple
2: She enrolled in a music school to learn an instrument.
12.
He attended a leadership conference. He wanted to develop his leadership
skills.
Compound:
He attended a leadership conference, or he could not develop his leadership
skills.
Complex:
He attended a leadership conference so that/in order that he could develop his
leadership skills.
Simple
1: Without attending a leadership conference, he could not develop his
leadership skills.
Simple
2: He attended a leadership conference to develop his leadership skills.
13.
She signed up for a yoga class. She wanted to reduce stress.
Compound:
She signed up for a yoga class, else she could not reduce stress.
Complex:
She signed up for a yoga class so that/in order that she could reduce stress.
Simple
1: Without signing up for a yoga class, she could not reduce stress.
Simple
2: She signed up for a yoga class to reduce stress.
14.
He took a coding course. He wanted to learn programming.
Compound:
He took a coding course, else he could not learn programming.
Complex:
He took a coding course so that/in order that he could learn programming.
Simple
1: Without taking a coding course, he could not learn programming.
Simple
2: He took a coding course to learn programming.
15.
She joined a hiking group. She had to explore nature.
Compound:
She joined a hiking (mountaineering) group, else she could not explore nature.
Complex:
She joined a hiking group so that/in order that she could explore nature.
Simple
1: Without joining a hiking group, she could not explore nature.
Simple
2: She joined a hiking group to explore nature.
16.
He attended a marketing workshop. He wanted to learn about branding.
Compound: He attended a marketing
workshop, else he could not learn about branding.
Complex: He attended a marketing workshop
so that/in order that he could learn about branding.
Simple 1: Without attending a marketing
workshop, he could not learn about branding.
Simple 2: He attended a marketing workshop
to learn about branding.
17. She enrolled in a fashion design
course. She wanted to create her own designs.
Compound: She enrolled in a fashion design
course, otherwise she could not create her own designs.
Complex: She enrolled in a fashion design
course so that/in order that she could create her own designs.
Simple 1: Without enrolling in a fashion
design course, she could not create her own designs.
Simple 2: She enrolled in a fashion design
course to create her own designs.
18. He joined a debate club. He wanted to
improve his public speaking.
Compound: He joined a debate club, else he
could not improve his public speaking.
Complex: He joined a debate club so
that/in order that he could improve his public speaking.
Simple 1: Without joining a debate club,
he could not improve his public speaking.
Simple 2: He joined a debate club to
improve his public speaking.
19. She took a nutrition course. She
wanted to learn about healthy eating.
Compound: She took a nutrition course,
else she could not learn about healthy eating.
Complex: She took a nutrition course so
that/in order that she could learn about healthy eating.
Simple 1: Without taking a nutrition
course, she could not learn about healthy eating.
Simple 2: She took a nutrition course to
learn about healthy eating.
20. He attended a time management seminar.
He wanted to prioritize tasks.
Compound: He attended a time management
seminar, else he could not prioritize tasks.
Complex: He attended a time management
seminar so that/in order that he could prioritize tasks.
Simple 1: Without attending a time
management seminar, he could not prioritize tasks.
Simple 2: He attended a time management
seminar to prioritize tasks.
COURTESY:
Meta AI, ChatGPT, Perplexity & Dr. Shankar D Mishra
Compiled
and edited by Dr. Shankar D Mishra
ବିଶେଷ ସୂଚନା : ଯେଉଁ ICSE ଛାତ୍ର ଛାତ୍ରୀ Std. 6 ରୁ 10 ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଅଧ୍ୟୟନ କରୁଛନ୍ତି ଓ ଇଂଲିଶ Grammar ଓ Literature ରେ individual/ group
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