NOUN PHRASE

What is a phrase?
A Phrase, may consist of a word or a group of words, often doing the work of a Noun, an Adjective or an Adverb in a sentence. A phrase does not contain a Finite Verb, but it may contain a Non-finite verb like Infinitive, Participle or Gerund. It may have a subject. In itself a Phrase cannot make a complete sense, but to obtain a definite meaning it should be fitted in a sentence.
 
Types of phrases:
 
Phrases are of three types: they are Noun phrases, Adjective phrases and Adverb phrases.
 
What is a Noun phrase?
According to the Oxford Learner’s Dictionary, a noun phrase is defined as “a word or a group of words in a sentence that behaves in the same way as a noun does, that is, as a subject, an object, a complement, or as the object of a preposition etc.”
 
The structure of a Noun Phrase
In general, a noun phrase contains a head noun while qualifiers, determiners and other words in the phrase qualifies or provides additional information about the head noun, such as its quantity, possession, location, or other qualities.
The manin parts of a Noun Phrase
Basically, a noun phrase can consist of three main parts:
1. Pre-qualifier(s)
2. Head Noun
3. Post- qualifier(s)
 
The English pre- qualifier(s) include:
1. Determiners
2. Possessive nouns
3. Attributive prepositive adjectives
4. Noun modifiers
 
Determiners
A determiner is a pre-qualifier that provides information about the identity, quantity, or possession of the head noun. There are several different types of determiners in English, including articles, demonstratives, possessives, and quantifiers. Pay attention to the examples in the Noun Phrase.:
All these houses have been built by the government.
 Here, 'all' is a quantifier, and 'these' is a demonstrative determiner and together with the noun (house) they form a noun phrase.
 
Possessive Nouns
Possessive nouns can function as qualifiers in a noun phrase, providing information about the possession or relationship of the head noun. Check these examples:
Ram’s brother is a cricketer.
I met my son’s friend.
 
Attributive Prepositive Adjectives
A noun phrase can consist of an adjective and a noun. In this case, the adjective qualifies or describes the noun, providing additional information about its characteristics or qualities.
He wanted to buy new shoes.
Here, 'new' is an adjective that qualifies the noun 'shoes'.
The red cotton skirt is hers.
Here, ' red and cotton' are the adjectives that qualify the noun skirt.
 
Noun Qualifiers
 
Noun (pre)qualifiers are optional words that come before a noun and qualify its meaning. These qualifiers function similarly to adjectives by providing additional information about the noun. Take a look at some examples:
I love fish curry.
He has made a paper boat.
I'm looking for a glass shop.
 
In the above examples ‘fish’, ‘paper’ and ‘glass’ are nouns, and they function as adjectives qualifying their following nouns curry, boat and shop respectively.
 
Post- Qualifiers
Post-qualifiers are words or phrases that come after a noun or noun phrase to qualify or provide additional information about it. Here are some of the most common post-qualifiers in English:
1. Prepositional phrases
2. That-clauses
3. Infinitive clauses
4. Participle clauses
5. Relative clauses
6. Adnominal adverbs
 
Prepositional Phrases
A prepositional phrase is a phrase that is placed after a preposition. In the case of noun phrases, prepositional phrases can be placed after the noun and qualify it. Here are a few examples:
The building beside the fence is ours.
That shop in the back is ragged.
The man in the garden is a farmer.
The bat under the table is mine.
 
In the above examples ‘beside the fence’, ‘in the back’, ‘in the garden’ and ‘under the table’ are the ‘prepositional phrases’, and they function as adjectives qualifying their preceding nouns building, shop, man and bat respectively.
 
That-clauses
 
That-clauses are subordinate clauses that begin with the word 'that' and modify or provide additional information about a noun or noun phrase. Here are some examples:
The dog that keeps barking is theirs.
The house that is painted blue belongs to Hari.
The teacher that taught us lives here.
The doctor that saved treated him is my uncle.
 
In the above examples ‘that keeps barking’, ‘that is painted blue’, ‘that taught us’ and ‘that saved treated’ are the ‘that clauses’, and they function as adjectives qualifying their preceding nouns dog, house, teacher and doctor respectively.
 
Infinitive Clauses
Infinitive clauses, made up of the particle 'to' followed by the base form of the verb, function as adjectives qualifying their preceding nouns.
Here are the examples:
The book to read is in the bag.
The apple to eat is being washed.
The house to let is ours.
The motor-cycle to repair is in the garage.
 
In the above examples ‘to read’, ‘to eat’, ‘to let’ and ‘to repair’ are the ‘infinitive clauses’, and they function as adjectives qualifying their preceding nouns book, apple, house and motor-cycle respectively.
 
N.B. Do not confuse infinitive clauses with prepositional phrases. While prepositional phrases consist of a preposition followed by a noun or pronoun, infinitive clauses consist of the particle "to" followed by a verb.
 
Participle Clauses
Participle clauses are a type of non-finite clause that can qualify a noun or noun phrase in a sentence. When used as postqualifiers, they follow the noun they qualify. Here are some examples:
The boy running in the field is my son.
The dog sleeping on the veranda is ill.
The student trained at our academy has topped the class.
The food sold in the hotels is not good for health.
 
In the above examples ‘running in the field’, ‘sleeping on the veranda’, ‘trained at our academy’ and  ‘sold in the hotels’, are the ‘participle clauses’, and they function as adjectives qualifying their preceding nouns boy, dog, student and food respectively..
 
 
Relative Clauses
Relative clauses are the clauses that start with a relative pronoun or a relative adverb, and are used to post-qualify the head of a noun. Here are a few examples:
This time when you arrived was 10 o’ clock.
The batsman who scored a century became the player of the match.
The food that is stale should not be eaten.
The teacher who taught us has been awarded by the President of India.
 
In the above examples ‘when you arrived’, ‘who scored a century’, ‘that is stale’ and ‘who taught us’, are the ‘relative clauses’, and they function as adjectives qualifying their preceding nouns time, batsman, food and teacher respectively.
 
Adnominal Adverbs
Adnominal adverbs are a kind of adverb that is used as the modifier of a noun and comes immediately after the noun or pronoun it modifies. For example:
 
Look at the pond here!
Let's climb up that hill over there.
The shop downstairs is open.
The park outside is beautiful.
The book here deals with physics.
 
In the above examples the adverbs ‘here’, ‘there’, ‘downstairs’, ‘outside’ and ‘here’ are called adnominal adverbs because they come respectively  just after the nouns they modify in their preceding noun phrases.
 
What are the types of a Noun phrase?
 
1. A noun phrase as the subject of a verb
2. A noun phrase as the object of a verb
3. A noun phrase as the subject complement
4. A noun phrase as the object complement
5. A noun phrase as the object of a preposition
6. A noun phrase as the object of a gerund
7. A noun phrase as the object of a participle
8. A noun phrase as an apposition
 
Examples:
 
1. A noun phrase as the subject of a verb
 
i. Children played cricket.
ii. My Children played cricket.
iii. Ram’s Children played cricket.
iv. The children played cricket.
v. These children played cricket.
vi. These four children played cricket.
vii. All these four children played cricket.
viii. The four young children played cricket.
ix. The four talented young children played cricket.
x. The building beside the fence is ours.
xi. The dog that keeps barking is theirs.
xii. The book to read is in the bag.
xiii. The boy running in the field is my son.
xiv. The food that is stale should not be eaten.
xv. The book here deals with physics.
 
Let’s analyse the parts of the Noun Phrases used in the above sentences.
i. Children: head noun
ii. My: possessive determiner, children: head noun
iii. Ram’s: possessive noun, children: head noun
iv. The: definite determiner, children: head noun
v. These: demonstrative determiner, children: head noun
vi. These: demonstrative determiner, four: cardinal determiner, children: head noun
vii. All: quantifier, these: demonstrative determiner, four: cardinal determiner, children: head noun
viii. The: definite determiner, four: cardinal determiner, young: adjective, children: head noun
ix. The: definite determiner, four: cardinal determiner, talented: adjective, young: adjective, children: head noun
x. The: definite determiner, building: head noun
xi. The: definite determiner, dog: head noun
xii. The: definite determiner,  book : head noun
xiii. The: definite determiner, boy: head noun
xiv. The: definite determiner, food: head noun
xv. The: definite determiner, book: head noun.
 
2. A noun phrase as the object of a verb
 
i. I will buy a new car.
ii. They made a great mistake.
 
3. A noun phrase as the subject complement
 
i. A diamond ring is a big expensive present.
ii. He became a successful player.
 
4. A noun phrase as the object complement
 
i. They made him the monitor.
ii. We call Dravid the wall of Indian team.
 
5. A noun phrase as the object of a preposition
 
i. There is no sense in his words.
ii. Please listen to the lecture of the teacher.
 
6. A noun phrase as the object of a gerund
 
i. Explaining the rules of grammar is not eassy.
ii. Climbing the coconut trees is too tough.
 
7. A noun phrase as the object of a participle
 
i. Explaining the rules of grammar he became popular.
ii. Climbing coconut trees he plucks coconuts.
 
8. A noun phrase as an apposition
i. Dhoni, the former captain of India, brought two World Cups.
ii. Poetry, a forrm of literature, cannot be comp0osed by all.
 
Here are some examples of Gerunds (verbs ending in -ing) functioning as noun phrases:
 
1. Singing is my favourite hobby.
    - "Singing" is a gerund and it functions as the subject of the sentence.
2. Writing stories is her passion.
    - "Writing stories" is a gerund phrase and it functions as the subject of the sentence.
3. I love eating ice cream.
    - "Eating ice cream" is a gerund phrase acting as the direct object of the verb "love".
4. The team enjoyed winning the championship.
    - "Winning the championship" is a gerund phrase and it functions as the object of the verb "enjoyed".
5. He told me reading books is his favorite pastime.
    - "Reading books" is a gerund phrase that acts as the object of the verb “told” , and at the same time it functions, as the subject  of verb “is”  in the main clause of the noun clause “(That) reading books is his favorite pastime.
6. My favorite hobby is reading books.
    - "Reading books" is a gerund phrase and it functions as the complement of the verb "is".
7. The company focuses on developing new products.
    - "Developing new products" is a gerund phrase and it functions as the object of the preposition "on".
8. She is good at solving puzzles.
    - "Solving puzzles" is a gerund phrase and it functions as the object of the preposition "at".
 
Here are some examples of participles (verbs ending in -ing) functioning as noun phrases:
 
1. The Present Participle (verb ending in -ing)
 
1. The sleeping baby is smiling.
    - "The sleeping baby" is a present participle phrase qualifying the noun “baby”. The phrase also functions as the subject of the sentence.
2. Reading books he earned knowledge.
- "Reading books" is a present participle phrase. “Reading” is a present participle qualifying the pronoun “he”, the subject of the sentence.
3. The winning team will receive a trophy.
    - "The winning team" is a present participle phrase. Here, “winning” is a present participle qualifying the noun “team”. The phrase also functions as the subject of the sentence.
4. I love the sound of running water.
    - "Running water" is a present participle phrase acting as the object of “of’. Running qualifies the noun “water”.
5. The shining stars are visible at night.
    - "The shining stars" is a present participle phrase acting as the subject.
Shining qualifies the noun “stars”.
6. He was the shining star in the team’s victory.
    - "The shining star" is a present participle phrase acting as the subject complement. ‘Shining’ qualifies the noun “star”.
7. Where are the blooming flowers?
- "The blooming flowers” is a present participle phrase acting as the subject complement. ‘Blooming’ qualifies the noun “flowers”.
8. I enjoy the rising Sun.
- "The rising Sun” is a present participle phrase acting as the object of the verb “enjoy”. ‘Rising’ qualifies the noun “Sun”.
9. I love the swimming birds.
- "The swimming birds” is a present participle phrase acting as the object of the verb “love”. ‘Swimming’ qualifies the noun “birds”.
10. I love to watch the rising Sun.
- "The rising Sun” is a present participle phrase acting as the object of the infinitive “to watch”. ‘Rising’ qualifies the noun “Sun”.
11. Wordsworth liked to praise the dancing daffodils.
- "The dancing daffodils” is a present participle phrase acting as the object of the infinitive “to praise”. ‘Dancing’ qualifies the noun “daffodils”.
 
 
 
The Past Participle (verb ending in -ed or -en)
 
1. The broken toy needs to be fixed.
    - "The broken toy" is a past participle phrase acting as the subject. “Broken”, the past participle, qualifies the noun “toy”.
2. The finished project is impressive.
    - “The finished project" is a past participle phrase acting as the subject. “Finished”, the past participle, qualifies the noun “project”.
3. I'm tired of the repeated questions.
    - "Repeated questions" is a past participle phrase acting as the object the preposition “of”. “Repeated”, the past participle, qualifies the noun “questions”.
4. The fallen leaves are blown by the wind.
    - "The fallen leaves" is a past participle phrase acting as the subject. “Fallen”, the past participle, qualifies the noun “leaves”.
5. Where is the captured money?
- "The captured money” is a past participle phrase acting as the complement of the verb ‘is’.
6. Children enjoy fried chips.
- " Fried chips” is a past participle phrase acting as the object of the verb “enjoy”. ‘Fried’ qualifies the noun “chips”.
9. I found the stolen cycle.
- "The stolen cycle” is a past participle phrase acting as the object of the verb “found”. ‘Stolen’ qualifies the noun “cycle”.
10. I like to wear the ironed dress.
- "The ironed dress” is a past participle phrase acting as the object of the infinitive “to wear”. ‘Ironed’ qualifies the noun “dress”.
11. Students like to remember the highlighted points.
- "The highlighted points” is a past participle phrase acting as the object of the infinitive “to remember”. ‘Highlighted’ qualifies the noun “points”.
 
Here are some examples of infinitives (verbs beginning with "to") functioning as noun phrases:
 
1. To learn is my greatest joy.
    - "To learn" is an infinitive phrase acting as the subject.
2. Her goal is to succeed.
    - "To succeed" is an infinitive phrase acting as the subject complement.
3. The best thing to do is to relax.
    - "To do" is an infinitive phrase acting as the complement of the noun “thing”, and "to relax" is an infinitive phrase acting as the complement of the verb “is”.
4. I want to eat something.
    - "To eat something" is an infinitive phrase acting as the object of the verb ‘want”.

N.B. The above resources have been collected from different grammar books including Meta AI & Google AI.

TOTAL ENGLISH, STD IX, FILL IN THE BLANKS 5. i & ii

Practice paper 1
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.
Do not copy the passage, but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space. [4]
Example: (0) witnessed
The ultra-processed food sector in India 0 (witness) a 1 (compound) annual 2 (grow) rate of 13.4 per cent between 2011 and 2021 As the world's 3. (large) producer and consumer of sugar in 2022, the country has seen an 4 (alarm) surge in 5 (consume) of ultra-processed foods. Sales of snacks and soft drinks have tripled over the past decade, 6 (exceed) $30 billion last year, indicating a 7 (disturb) trend in dietary habits This not only poses severe health risks but also impacts productivity and economic growth, necessitating urgent interventions to curtail the 8 (rise) consumption of these products

Practice paper 2
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) global
According to the Global Burden of Disease, (globe) death count due to Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) increased from 12.4 million in 1990 to 19.8 million in 2022. This has been attributed to global population 1(grow), 2 (age) and the 3 (contribute) from 4 (prevent) metabolic, 5 (environment), and (behaviour) risks.
The report says high blood pressure, high cholesterol, 7 (diet) risks and air pollution are the 8 (lead) causes of high CVD cases.

Practice paper 3
Question 5
(1) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) exploration
The Bihar government is preparing the process for (explore) of Buddhist sites visited by Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang in present-day Vaishali district, and (excavate) of the remains of 2,600-year-old structures in Banka. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) recently 2 (grant) permission to the Bihar Heritage Development Society (BHDS), Vaishali was 3 (visit) by Hiuen Tsang over 1,000 years ago.
Hiuen Tsang's travelogue 4 (help) Sir Alexander Cunningham in the 1860s identify famous sites such as Nalanda and Vaishali. However, no 5 (system) work (undertake) since then to follow the footsteps of Hiuen Isang who 7 (give) distance directions and 8 (describe) of several ancient sites that he visited between 630 AD and 642 AD in Vaishali and other areas in Bihar

Practice paper 4
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space

Example: (0) are
Soil and water 0 (be) the essential components to sustain life, including that of humans, on our planet. Soil is the medium on which all types of 1 (live) organisms 2 (maintain). The Vedic civilisation 3 (hold) the soil in the 4 (high) regard as Mother Earth. The prayer to Prithvi, the Earth, 5 (invoke) in the Atharva Veda. "Let what 1 unearth from thee. O Earth, sprout and develop once more in a swift manner." The 6 (venerate) of vegetation, trees, animals, and soilsis exclusive to India. Consequently, it 7 (discourage) the 8 (apply) of harsh chemicals and pesticides.

Practice paper 5
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) stripped
There stood the oak, 0 (strip) of all its leaves, 1 (leave) to rest during the whole of a long winter, and to dream many dreams of events that 2 (happen) in its life, as in the dreams of men. According to human computation, it was now in the fourth century of its (exist). It was the 4 (large) and best tree in the forest. Its summit 5 (tower) above all the other trees, and could be seen far out at sea, so that it served as a landmark to the sailors. It had no idea how many eyes 6 (look) eagerly for it. In its topmost branches the wood-pigeon 7 (build) her nest, and the cuckoo carried out his usual vocal performances, and his well-known notes 8 (echo) amid the boughs

Practice paper 6
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space
Example: (0) complicated
A healthy diet, enough exercise and sufficient sleep, it does not sound 0. (complicate) But still many people consider it as a difficult task. This is because of a 1 (combine) of factors 2 (influence) our lifestyle. It is 3. (large) a societal problem. We do less exercise because more and more people spend all day 4 (sit) before a computer.
And as long as most of what is sold or on special offer at the supermarket falls outside the guidelines for a healthy diet, it is difficult for people to make 5 (health) food choices. Food choices are nearly always based on 6 (establish) habits...7.. (prompt) by the environment. A healthier diet is not simply a question of 8 (choose) something else. It requires people to swim against the tide.

Practice paper 7
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.
Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) resulting
Evidence of anthropogenic climate change that is, climate change 0 (result) from human activities such as 1 (burn) fossil fuels and deforestation is around us. Since 2009, when the term Blue Carbon was coined, researchers and other experts have become interested in the processes of carbon 2 (remove) from the atmosphere as well.
With carbon dioxide (CO₂) responsible for most of the global 3. (heat), carbon particles are not only being released in 4 (extreme) large quantities, they have the 5 (able) to linger in the earth's atmosphere for hundreds of years and warm it. Until the 6 (industry) revolution, the earth's natural system had the capacity to maintain a stable level of atmospheric carbon. Today, the search is for ways to remove the 7 (trap) carbon from the air in order to keep the earth's temperature from 8 (exceed) 1.5 degrees.

Practice paper 8
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space 141
Example: (0) made
Our Prime Minister (make) a memorable statement. "We did not inherit our future from our ancestors, we 1 (borrow) it from our children. That thought (capture) where we stand on issues of sustainable development. We actually (run) on borrowed time. If we allow urban spaces to be 4 (leave) in its current form or for the situation to exacerbate, we 5 (do) a great disservice to those from whom we have borrowed this, our children."
The numbers bear it out. In 1947, 17% of our population (then 300 million) (live) in urban spaces. Today, urban India is home to approximately 31% of our 1.25 billion strong population. That number of urban residents is set...7 (swell) to approximately 600 million by 2030, which 8 (call) for changes if we are to not just create a world that is present-perfect, but future-proof as well.

Practice paper 9
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space. (4)
Example: (0) were playing
A boy and a girl (play) together. The boy had a collection of marbles. The girl had some sweets with her The boy 1 (tell) the girl that he 2 (give) her all his marbles in exchange for her sweets. The girl 3 (agree). The boy 4 (keep) the biggest and the most beautiful marbles aside and gave the rest to the girl. The girl gave him all her sweets just as she 5 (promise). That night the girl slept peacefully. But the boy could not sleep as he kept (wonder) if the girl 7 (hide) some sweets from him the way he had hidden his best marbles! If you do not give a hundred per cent in a relationship, you keep (doubt) if the other person has given his hundred per cent.

Practice paper 10
Question 5
(1) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space [4]
Example: (0) received
A local charity had never 0 (receive) a donation from the town's banker, so the director 1 (make) a phone call. "Our records show you make 500,000 dollars a year, yet you have not 2. (give) a penny to charity," the director 3 (begin). "Would you not like 4 (help) the community?" The banker replied, "Did your research show that my mother is ill, with extremely expensive medical bills?" "Um, no. 5. (mumble) the director. "Or that my brother is blind and not 6 (employ)? Or that my sister's husband 7 (die), 8 (leave) her broke with four kids?" "I had no idea." "So," said the banker, "if I do not give them any money, why would I give any to you?"

Practice paper 11
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in bracke Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) was
Midas, the king of Phrygia made Apollo, the sun-god, jealous. Midas said one day the the goat-god, Pan 0 (be) a better musician than Apollo, This made Apollo angry and he 8 (avenge) himself by 2 (give) the king, donkey's ears in place of his ordinary ones
Midas tried 3 (hide) his donkey's ears under his hair. But his barber 4 (find) ou his secret. Midas made him promise never to tell anyone the secret, but the barber could not keep it to himself. He went out into a field and 5 (dig) a deep hole, and (speak) softly into it. "Midas has donkey's ears."
The hole was 7. (fill) with earth, and grass grew there. The wind whistled through the tall grasses, and they were 8 (hear) to say "Midas has donkey's ears! Midas has donkey's ears!" And thus Midas's secret was out.

Practice paper 12
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space [4]
Example (0) asked
One day Akbar 0 (ask) Birbal if he 1 (can) tell him the difference between truth and falsehood in three words or less. "Four fingers" said Birbal
"Four fingers?" asked the emperor, 2 (perplex). "That is the difference between truth and falsehood, your Majesty," said Birbal That which you 3 (see) with your own eyes is the truth. That which you have only 4 (hear) about 5 (may) not be true. More often than not, it is likely to be false"
"That is right," said Akbar "But what 6 (do) you mean by 7 (say) the difference is four fingers?"
"The distance between one's eyes and one's ears is the width of four fingers, Your Majesty," said Birbal, 8 (grin)

Practice paper 13
Question 5
Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space 141
Example: (0) to achieve
Millions of professionals try to be the one in a million. A desire (achieve) rapid career 1 (grow) 2 (lead) many 3 (focus) on their further education. However it (see) that in a herd mentality to acquire just a particular degree, people end up with paper qualifications that do not help in 5 (meet) their career objectives
In a skill-based programme an academic team (design) a unique curriculum, while the interactive learning resources hone your concepts. The technology 7 (power) classrooms put you in company of experts who key concepts in work situations. (demonstrate) the application of key concepts in work situation.

Practice paper 14
Question 5
(1) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate [4]
to the blank space.
Example: (0) medicinal
The aloe vera plant has been used for its D. (medicine) qualities since ancient times and 1 (continue) to be 2 (recommend) by experts for a variety of conditions. The gel-like substance inside the leaves of the aloe vera plant is packed with a range of medicinal properties antioxidants such as vitamins and minerals.
While its skın-healing ability is 3 (know), aloe vera may also be effective for joint pain. Though not a cure for these conditions, aloe vera gel, at a dosage of not more than one tablespoon, 4 (dilute) in water and consumed first thing in the morning. 5 (reduce) joint pain 6 (cause) by osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and gout. However, pregnant women and people 7 (suffer) from kidney problems or intestinal issues, should avoid 8 (take) aloe vera.

Practice paper 15
Question 5
(1) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space. [4]
Example: (0) traced
The beginning of postal systems can be 0 (trace) back to 2000 BCE, in Egypt. During the sixth century BCE, the Persian Empire, under the rule of Cyrus the Great, 1.... (use) a system of relay messengers.
In China, a 2 (post) service 3. (start) by the Chou Dynasty. It was used 4 (convey) official documents. This system had relays of couriers who 5 (change) horses at relay posts that were 14.5 km apart. The system was used under the Han Empire from 202 BCE to 220 CE, when the Chinese 6 (encounter) the Romans and their postal system. The Roman system, 7 (know) as "curcus publicus" was the most 8 (develop) system in the ancient world. Their messengers were known to cover a distance of almost 270 km over a day and night!

Specimen Paper : 1

Question 5

(1) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space. [4]

Example:

Suraj (0)

(look) out of the door

Answer looked.

He (1) (3) (catch) sight of the board (2) (astonish) that he almost (4) in his home town! After (5) (is) home again. He (7) compartment slowly. (bear) the station's name. He was so (fall) out of the compartment. He was back (travel) for forty or fifty kilometres, here he (6) (can) not understand it. He (8) (climb) out of the

ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ଦିବସର ଶପଥ / TRANSLATED ENGLISH POEM "THE INDEPENDENCE DAY PLEDGES"

 

ସ୍ଵାଧୀନତା ଦିବସର ଶପଥ 

 =============

 

ଇଂରେଜ ଶାସନ  ହଟାଇବା ପାଇଁ

     ବରଷ ବରଷ ଧରି

କେତେ ଦେଶପ୍ରେମୀ କେତେଯେ ସଂଗ୍ରାମୀ

   ଜୀବନ ଦେଲେ ତ ହାରି  I

ଲହୁ ଲୁହ ଢାଳି    ଫେରାଇ ଆଣିଲେ

   ବିଦେଶୀ ହାତୁ ଶାସନ

ପରାଧିନ ଦେଶ   ହେଲାତ ସ୍ଵାଧୀନ

   ପନ୍ଦର ଅଗଷ୍ଟ ଦିନ I

ଜାତି ଧର୍ମ ଭୁଲି    ସବୁ ଦେଶ ବାସୀ

  କଲେ ଜୟ ଜୟ ଗାନ

ଭାବିଲେ ଜନତା  ଭାଗ୍ୟରେ ଏବେ

  ଆସିବ ତ ଶୁଭ ଦିନ I

ଦାରିଦ୍ୟ ହଟିବ ଶାନ୍ତି ଫେରିବ

  ରହିବନି ହିଂସା ଦ୍ଵେଶ

ସୁଖରେ ସଭିଙ୍କ  ସମୟ ବିତିବ

   ଉନ୍ନତି କରିବ ଦେଶ I

ଚୋରି ଡକାୟତି  ଅନିତୀ ଦୁର୍ନୀତି

  ପ୍ରିୟା ପ୍ରୀତି କାରବାର

ରହିବନି ଆଉ  ଆମରି ଶାସନେ

  ଦୂର ହେବ ଭ୍ରଷ୍ଟାଚାର   I

କେତେ ନୂଆ ଆଶା ନୂଆ ସ୍ଵପ୍ନ ନେଇ

    ଆସିବ ଅଗଷ୍ଟ ପନ୍ଦର

ନୂତନ ଯୋଜନା  ନୂତନ ଭାବନା

  ଜନ୍ମ ନେବ ପ୍ରତି ଥର I

କହିବାନି ମିଛ ଲଗାଇବା ଗଛ

     ସ୍ଵଚ୍ଛ ରଖି ପରିବେଶ

ଅହିଂସା ମାର୍ଗରେ  ଚାଲିଲେ ସଭିଁଏ

    ହସିବ ଆମରି ଦେଶ I

 

 @ ଅନନ୍ତ ଚରଣ ସ୍ଵାଇଁ

THE INDEPENDENCE DAY PLEDGES

 

Ah! Countless patriots and incalculable freedom fighters

Gave up their lives for years to bring an end to the British sway;

At the cost of their blood and sweat snatched liberty our martyrs

From their evil grips for us and our great nation on 15^th August day!

 

The whole of the country, forgetful of the caste and religion

Chanted the psalms of victory on the arrival of this auspicious day; lo!

They dreamed that poverty would recede and peace would return

Violence and envy would flee; all would rejoice, while India would grow!

 

Theft, robbery, injustice, unfairness and the wrong practices of favouritism

Would cease to exist giving birth to impartiality, nationalism and patriotism;

Corruption would be stifled and malpractices suffocated in our administrations

Each 15^th August would come with myriad new schemes and fresh aspirations!

 

We would all abstain ourselves from lying, under all circumstances

And plant more and more trees and keep our environment clean;

Hark! If we all pursue the paths of honesty, loyalty and non-violence,

Our joyous country would eventually celebrate, smile and sheen!

 

These are the vows we must undertake and strive for their execution

So that we can, certainly, be called the free citizens of a sovereign nation!

 

Copyright: Dr. Shankar D Mishra, Bhubaneswar

Please share this poem.

WhatsApp no. 08270604524

N.B. This has been translated from an Odia poem “Swadhinata Dibasa Ra Sapath”, written by Ananta Charan Swain, a retired bank officer, Bhubaneswar.