JULIUS CAESAR ACT V, SCENE 4, Page 194 & 196: SUMMARY, PARAPHRASE, GLOSSARY & QUESTION-ANSWERS

 

JULIUS CAESAR ACT V, SCENE 4, Page 194 & 196

[Page setting is according to ICSE Evergreen Book]

Paraphrase

Alarum. Enter fighting, Soldiers of both armies; among them BRUTUS, young CATO, LUCILIUS
English: A battle alarm sounds and soldiers of both sides enter fighting; Brutus, young Cato and Lucilius are among them.
Hindi: युद्ध का संकेत बजता है और दोनों पक्षों के सैनिक लड़ते हुए प्रवेश करते हैं; उनमें ब्रूटस, युवा कैटो और ल्यूसीलियस भी हैं।
BRUTUS – Yet, countrymen, O, yet hold up your heads!
English: Even now, countrymen, do not lose courage.
Hindi: हे देशवासियो, अभी भी हिम्मत बनाए रखो।
CATO – What bastard doth not? Who will go with me?
English: What coward would not do so? Who will come with me?
Hindi: कौन नीच ऐसा नहीं करेगा? कौन मेरे साथ चलेगा?
I will proclaim my name about the field:
English: I will loudly announce my name all over the battlefield.
Hindi: मैं पूरे युद्धक्षेत्र में अपना नाम घोषित करूँगा।
I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!
English: I am the son of Marcus Cato—hear me!
Hindi: मैं मार्कस कैटो का पुत्र हूँ—सुनो!
A foe to tyrants, and my country's friend, I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!
English: I am an enemy of tyrants and a friend of my country; I am Marcus Cato’s son.
Hindi: मैं अत्याचारियों का शत्रु और अपने देश का मित्र हूँ; मैं मार्कस कैटो का पुत्र हूँ।
BRUTUS – And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I;
English: And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus.
Hindi: और मैं ब्रूटस हूँ, मार्कस ब्रूटस।
Brutus, my country's friend, know me for Brutus!
English: I am Brutus, a friend of my country; recognise me.
Hindi: मैं ब्रूटस हूँ, अपने देश का मित्र; मुझे पहचानो।
Exit
English: Brutus leaves the stage.
Hindi: ब्रूटस मंच से चला जाता है।
LUCILIUS – O young and noble Cato, art thou down?
English: O noble young Cato, have you fallen?
Hindi: हे वीर युवा कैटो, क्या तुम गिर गए हो?
Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius;
English: You are dying as bravely as Titinius did.
Hindi: तुम टिटिनियस की तरह साहसपूर्वक मर रहे हो।
And mayst be honour'd, being Cato's son.
English: And may you be honoured as Cato’s son.
Hindi: और कैटो का पुत्र होने के कारण तुम्हें सम्मान मिले।
First Soldier – Yield, or thou diest.
English: Surrender, or you will die.
Hindi: आत्मसमर्पण करो, नहीं तो मारे जाओगे।
LUCILIUS – Only I yield to die:
English: I surrender only in order to die.
Hindi: मैं केवल मरने के लिए आत्मसमर्पण करता हूँ।
There is so much that thou wilt kill me straight;
English: There is so much money that you will kill me at once.
Hindi: इसमें इतना धन है कि तुम मुझे तुरंत मार डालोगे।
(Offering money)
English: Lucilius offers money.
Hindi: ल्यूसीलियस धन देता है।
Kill Brutus, and be honour'd in his death.
English: Kill Brutus and gain honour by killing him.
Hindi: ब्रूटस को मारो और उसके वध से सम्मान पाओ।
First Soldier – We must not. A noble prisoner!
English: We must not kill him; he is a noble captive.
Hindi: हमें ऐसा नहीं करना चाहिए; यह एक महान बंदी है।
Second Soldier – Room, ho! Tell Antony, Brutus is ta'en.
English: Make way! Inform Antony that Brutus has been captured.
Hindi: रास्ता दो! एंटनी को बताओ कि ब्रूटस पकड़ा गया है।
First Soldier – I'll tell the news. Here comes the general.
English: I will tell the news; here comes the commander.
Hindi: मैं समाचार दूँगा; सेनापति आ रहा है।
Enter ANTONY
English: Antony enters.
Hindi: एंटनी प्रवेश करता है।
Brutus is ta'en, Brutus is ta'en, my lord.
English: My lord, Brutus has been captured.
Hindi: मेरे स्वामी, ब्रूटस पकड़ा गया है।
ANTONY – Where is he?
English: Where is Brutus?
Hindi: वह कहाँ है?
LUCILIUS – Safe, Antony; Brutus is safe enough:
English: Antony, Brutus is safe.
Hindi: एंटनी, ब्रूटस सुरक्षित है।
I dare assure thee that no enemy
English: I confidently assure you that no enemy
Hindi: मैं निश्चयपूर्वक कहता हूँ कि कोई भी शत्रु
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus:
English: will ever capture the noble Brutus alive.
Hindi: महान ब्रूटस को जीवित नहीं पकड़ सकेगा।
The gods defend him from so great a shame!
English: May the gods protect him from such dishonour.
Hindi: देवता उसे ऐसे अपमान से बचाएँ।
When you do find him, or alive or dead,
English: When you find him, whether alive or dead,
Hindi: जब तुम उसे पाओगे, चाहे वह जीवित हो या मृत,
He will be found like Brutus, like himself.
English: he will be found true to his own noble character.
Hindi: वह अपने ही समान, ब्रूटस की तरह मिलेगा।
ANTONY – This is not Brutus, friend; but, I assure you,
English: Friend, this is not Brutus; but I assure you,
Hindi: मित्र, यह ब्रूटस नहीं है; पर मैं तुम्हें विश्वास दिलाता हूँ,
A prize no less in worth: keep this man safe;
English: he is no less valuable; keep him safe.
Hindi: यह भी कम मूल्यवान नहीं; इसे सुरक्षित रखो।
Give him all kindness: I had rather have
English: Treat him kindly; I would rather have
Hindi: इसके साथ दयालु व्यवहार करो; मैं अधिक अच्छा समझता हूँ
Such men my friends than enemies.
English: such men as friends than as enemies.
Hindi: ऐसे पुरुषों को शत्रु के बजाय मित्र बनाना।
Go on, And see whether Brutus be alive or dead;
English: Go on and find out whether Brutus is alive or dead.
Hindi: आगे बढ़ो और पता करो कि ब्रूटस जीवित है या मरा हुआ।
And bring us word unto Octavius' tent
English: Bring the report to Octavius’s tent.
Hindi: ऑक्टेवियस के शिविर में समाचार पहुँचाओ।
How everything is chanc'd.
English: Tell how everything has happened.
Hindi: बताओ कि सब कुछ कैसे घटा।
Exeunt
English: All exit.
Hindi: सभी मंच से चले जाते हैं।

Glossary

Alarum – A call or signal of battle / युद्ध का शोर, रणसंग्राम का संकेत
Enter fighting – Enter while fighting / लड़ते हुए प्रवेश
Countrymen – Fellow citizens / देशवासी
Hold up your heads – Do not lose courage / हिम्मत न हारो
Bastard – Worthless fellow / नीच व्यक्ति
Doth – Does / करता है
Proclaim – Announce loudly / ऊँचे स्वर में घोषणा करना
About the field – All over the battlefield / पूरे युद्धक्षेत्र में
Tyrants – Cruel rulers / अत्याचारी शासक
Foe – Enemy / शत्रु
Know me for – Recognise me as / मुझे इस रूप में पहचानो
Art thou down – Are you fallen/dead / क्या तुम गिर चुके हो (मृत हो)?
Diest – Die / मरते हो
Bravely – Courageously / साहसपूर्वक
Honour’d – Respected / सम्मानित
Yield – Surrender / आत्मसमर्पण करना
Straight – Immediately / तुरंत
Offering money – Presenting bribe / रिश्वत देना
Ta’en – Taken prisoner / बंदी बना लिया गया
General – Commander / सेनापति
Assure – Promise confidently / विश्वासपूर्वक कहना
Alive – Living / जीवित
Shame – Dishonour / अपमान
Prize – Valuable capture / बहुमूल्य बंदी
Worth – Value / महत्व
Kindness – Good treatment / दया, सद्व्यवहार
Chanc’d – Happened / घटित हुआ
Exeunt – All exit / सभी चले जाते हैं

English Summary

Act V, Scene 4 shows the confusion and bravery on the battlefield of Philippi. Brutus encourages his men not to lose courage. Young Cato fights boldly and openly declares his name, proudly proclaiming himself as the son of Marcus Cato and an enemy of tyrants. He is eventually killed by the enemy soldiers.

Lucilius, Brutus’s loyal servant, pretends to be Brutus in order to save his master. When captured, he even offers money to the soldiers and asks them to kill “Brutus,” knowing well that he himself will die. The soldiers realise his nobility and take him prisoner instead of killing him.

Antony arrives and recognises that the captured man is not Brutus but admires Lucilius’s loyalty and courage. He orders that Lucilius be treated kindly and kept safe. The scene highlights loyalty, sacrifice, and the noble spirit of Brutus’s followers, even in defeat.

 

हिन्दी सारांश

अंक 5, दृश्य 4 फिलिप्पी के युद्धक्षेत्र में फैली अव्यवस्था और वीरता को दर्शाता है। ब्रूटस अपने सैनिकों का उत्साह बढ़ाता है और उन्हें साहस बनाए रखने को कहता है। युवा कैटो वीरता से लड़ते हुए अपना नाम ऊँचे स्वर में घोषित करता है और स्वयं को अत्याचारियों का शत्रु तथा देश का मित्र बताता है। अंततः वह युद्ध में मारा जाता है।

ब्रूटस का सेवक ल्यूसीलियस अपने स्वामी को बचाने के लिए स्वयं को ब्रूटस बताकर आत्मबलिदान का प्रयास करता है। पकड़े जाने पर वह सैनिकों को धन देकर उसे मारने को कहता है। उसकी महान निष्ठा देखकर सैनिक उसे मारते नहीं बल्कि बंदी बना लेते हैं।

एंटनी प्रवेश करता है और समझ जाता है कि यह ब्रूटस नहीं है। वह ल्यूसीलियस की वफादारी से प्रभावित होकर उसे सम्मानपूर्वक रखने का आदेश देता है। यह दृश्य पराजय के बीच भी निष्ठा, त्याग और वीरता को उजागर करता है।

MCQS

1.    What sound opens Act V, Scene 4?
A. Trumpets
B. Alarum
C. Thunder
D. Shouts
Answer: B. Alarum

2.    Who enter fighting in Scene 4?
A. Only Romans
B. Only Antony’s soldiers
C. Soldiers of both armies
D. Conspirators only
Answer: C. Soldiers of both armies

3.    Whom does Brutus address as “countrymen”?
A. Romans only
B. His enemies
C. Fellow soldiers
D. Senators
Answer: C. Fellow soldiers

4.    What does Brutus urge his men to do?
A. Retreat
B. Surrender
C. Hold up their heads
D. Lay down arms
Answer: C. Hold up their heads

5.    Who openly proclaims his identity on the battlefield?
A. Brutus
B. Lucilius
C. Young Cato
D. Antony
Answer: C. Young Cato

6.    Young Cato calls himself a foe to whom?
A. Romans
B. Senators
C. Tyrants
D. Soldiers
Answer: C. Tyrants

7.    Young Cato declares himself whose son?
A. Julius Caesar
B. Marcus Cato
C. Brutus
D. Cicero
Answer: B. Marcus Cato

8.    What happens to young Cato?
A. He escapes
B. He surrenders
C. He is captured
D. He is killed
Answer: D. He is killed

9.    Who mourns young Cato’s fall?
A. Brutus
B. Antony
C. Lucilius
D. Octavius
Answer: C. Lucilius

10. Lucilius says Cato dies as bravely as whom?
A. Caesar
B. Cassius
C. Titinius
D. Portia
Answer: C. Titinius

11. Who threatens Lucilius with death unless he yields?
A. Antony
B. First Soldier
C. Second Soldier
D. Octavius
Answer: B. First Soldier

12. Why does Lucilius say he yields?
A. To live
B. To escape
C. To betray Brutus
D. To die
Answer: D. To die

13. What does Lucilius offer to the soldiers?
A. His sword
B. His life
C. Money
D. Armour
Answer: C. Money

14. Whom does Lucilius pretend to be?
A. Cassius
B. Caesar
C. Antony
D. Brutus
Answer: D. Brutus

15. Why do the soldiers not kill Lucilius?
A. They fear Antony
B. He is wounded
C. He is a noble prisoner
D. He escapes
Answer: C. He is a noble prisoner

16. Who announces that Brutus is taken?
A. Lucilius
B. First Soldier
C. Second Soldier
D. Antony
Answer: C. Second Soldier

17. Who enters after the announcement?
A. Octavius
B. Antony
C. Messala
D. Cassius
Answer: B. Antony

18. What does Antony ask first?
A. Who captured him?
B. Where is Brutus?
C. Is Caesar avenged?
D. Who won?
Answer: B. Where is Brutus?

19. What does Lucilius say about Brutus’s safety?
A. He is captured
B. He is wounded
C. He is safe
D. He is dead
Answer: C. He is safe

20. Lucilius says Brutus will never be taken how?
A. Dead
B. Unarmed
C. Alive
D. Alone
Answer: C. Alive

21. Antony recognises Lucilius as what?
A. A traitor
B. A coward
C. A prize of worth
D. A spy
Answer: C. A prize of worth

22. How does Antony order Lucilius to be treated?
A. Harshly
B. As a slave
C. Kindly
D. Indifferently
Answer: C. Kindly

23. Antony prefers such men as what?
A. Servants
B. Soldiers
C. Enemies
D. Friends
Answer: D. Friends

24. Antony orders the soldiers to find out whether Brutus is what?
A. Captured or freed
B. Alive or dead
C. Armed or wounded
D. Escaped or hidden
Answer: B. Alive or dead

25. Where must the report be taken?
A. Senate
B. Rome
C. Antony’s tent
D. Octavius’ tent
Answer: D. Octavius’ tent

Who Said To Whom Questions?

1.      “Yet, countrymen, O, yet hold up your heads!”
Who said this to whom?
Brutus said this to the Roman soldiers (his countrymen).

2.    “What bastard doth not? Who will go with me?”
Who said this to whom?
Young Cato said this to the soldiers on the battlefield.

3.    “I will proclaim my name about the field:”
Who said this to whom?
Young Cato said this to the soldiers present in the battle.

4.    “I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!”
Who said this to whom?
Young Cato said this to the enemy soldiers.

5.    “A foe to tyrants, and my country's friend,”
Who said this to whom?
Young Cato said this to the opposing soldiers while declaring his principles.

6.    “And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I;”
Who said this to whom?
Brutus said this to the soldiers on the battlefield.

7.    “Brutus, my country's friend, know me for Brutus!”
Who said this to whom?
Brutus said this to both friend and foe soldiers.

8.    “O young and noble Cato, art thou down?”
Who said this to whom?
Lucilius said this to young Cato.

9.    “Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius;”
Who said this to whom?
Lucilius said this to young Cato.

10. “And mayst be honour'd, being Cato's son.”
Who said this to whom?
Lucilius said this to young Cato.

11. “Yield, or thou diest.”
Who said this to whom?
The First Soldier said this to Lucilius.

12. “Only I yield to die:”
Who said this to whom?
Lucilius said this to the First Soldier.

13. “Kill Brutus, and be honour'd in his death.”
Who said this to whom?
Lucilius said this to the First Soldier.

14. “We must not. A noble prisoner!”
Who said this to whom?
The First Soldier said this to the other soldiers.

15. “Room, ho! Tell Antony, Brutus is ta'en.”
Who said this to whom?
The Second Soldier said this to the soldiers nearby.

16. “I'll tell the news. Here comes the general.”
Who said this to whom?
The First Soldier said this to the other soldiers.

17. “Brutus is ta'en, Brutus is ta'en, my lord.”
Who said this to whom?
The First Soldier said this to Antony.

18. “Where is he?”
Who said this to whom?
Antony said this to the soldiers.

19. “Safe, Antony; Brutus is safe enough:”
Who said this to whom?
Lucilius said this to Antony.

20. “This is not Brutus, friend; but, I assure you, a prize no less in worth.”
Who said this to whom?
Antony said this to Lucilius.

ONE-MARK QUESTIONS

1.    What stage direction opens Act V, Scene 4?
Ans: The scene opens with the stage direction “Alarum. Enter fighting, Soldiers of both armies.”

2.    Whom does Brutus address as “countrymen”?
Ans: Brutus addresses his fellow soldiers as “countrymen.”

3.    What does Brutus urge his soldiers to do?
Ans: Brutus urges his soldiers to hold up their heads and fight bravely.

4.    Who declares himself openly on the battlefield?
Ans: Young Cato openly declares himself on the battlefield.

5.    How does Young Cato describe himself?
Ans: Young Cato calls himself a foe to tyrants.

6.    Whose son is Young Cato?
Ans: Young Cato is the son of Marcus Cato.

7.    What happens to Young Cato during the fight?
Ans: Young Cato is killed in battle.

8.    Who laments the death of Young Cato?
Ans: Lucilius laments the death of Young Cato.

9.    Whom does Lucilius compare Young Cato to in bravery?
Ans: Lucilius compares Young Cato’s bravery to that of Titinius.

10. Who orders Lucilius to yield?
Ans: A First Soldier orders Lucilius to yield.

11. What does Lucilius say he yields to?
Ans: Lucilius says he yields only to die.

12. What does Lucilius offer to the soldiers?
Ans: Lucilius offers the soldiers money.

13. Whom does Lucilius pretend to be?
Ans: Lucilius pretends to be Brutus.

14. Why is Lucilius not killed immediately?
Ans: Lucilius is spared because he is considered a noble prisoner.

15. Who announces that Brutus is taken?
Ans: A Second Soldier announces that Brutus is taken.

16. Who enters after Brutus is said to be taken?
Ans: Antony enters after Brutus is said to be taken.

17. What question does Antony immediately ask?
Ans: Antony asks where Brutus is.

18. What assurance does Lucilius give about Brutus?
Ans: Lucilius assures Antony that Brutus is safe.

19. How does Lucilius say Brutus will never be taken?
Ans: Lucilius says Brutus will never be taken alive.

20. How does Antony describe Lucilius?
Ans: Antony describes Lucilius as a prize of worth.

21. How does Antony order Lucilius to be treated?
Ans: Antony orders that Lucilius be treated kindly.

22. What kind of men does Antony prefer as friends?
Ans: Antony prefers men like Lucilius as friends rather than enemies.

23. What does Antony order the soldiers to discover?
Ans: Antony orders the soldiers to find whether Brutus is alive or dead.

24. To whom must the report be brought?
Ans: The report must be brought to Octavius.

25. Where is Octavius at this time?
Ans: Octavius is in his tent.

TWO-MARK QUESTIONS

1.    Why does Brutus ask his countrymen to “hold up your heads”?
Ans: Brutus encourages his soldiers not to lose courage despite the chaos of battle, urging them to remain brave and face the enemy with dignity and resolve.

2.    How does Young Cato try to assert his identity on the battlefield?
Ans: Young Cato loudly proclaims his name and lineage, declaring himself the son of Marcus Cato and an enemy of tyrants to inspire confidence and challenge his foes openly.

3.    What ideals does Young Cato express through his proclamation?
Ans: He expresses loyalty to republican values, hatred for tyranny, and devotion to his country, showing his willingness to die for Roman freedom.

4.    What happens to Young Cato during the fight?
Ans: Young Cato is killed while courageously fighting, openly declaring his identity and standing fearlessly against the enemy.

5.    How does Lucilius respond to Young Cato’s death?
Ans: Lucilius mourns him and praises his bravery, comparing his noble death to that of Titinius and honouring him as a worthy son of Cato.

6.    Why does Lucilius refuse to yield to the enemy soldiers?
Ans: Lucilius says he yields only to die, showing his loyalty to Brutus and his refusal to submit dishonourably to Caesar’s forces.

7.    Why does Lucilius pretend to be Brutus?
Ans: Lucilius pretends to be Brutus to divert attention from his master and save him from capture and humiliation by the enemy.

8.    How does Lucilius attempt to convince the soldiers he is Brutus?
Ans: He offers money and urges them to kill him, claiming that killing Brutus would bring them honour.

9.    Why do the soldiers hesitate to kill Lucilius?
Ans: The soldiers hesitate because they believe him to be Brutus and consider him a noble prisoner rather than a common enemy.

10. What false report is taken to Antony?
Ans: Antony is wrongly informed that Brutus has been captured alive during the battle.

11. How does Lucilius protect Brutus while speaking to Antony?
Ans: Lucilius assures Antony that Brutus is safe and will never be taken alive, implying Brutus would choose death over capture.

12. What does Lucilius mean by “The gods defend him from so great a shame”?
Ans: Lucilius means that the gods will protect Brutus from the disgrace of being captured alive by his enemies.

13. Why does Antony say Lucilius is “a prize no less in worth”?
Ans: Antony admires Lucilius’s courage, loyalty, and self-sacrifice, considering him valuable even though he is not Brutus.

14. How does Antony order Lucilius to be treated?
Ans: Antony orders that Lucilius be kept safe and treated kindly, valuing such brave men as friends rather than enemies.

15. What instructions does Antony give before exiting?
Ans: Antony instructs his men to search for Brutus, determine whether he is alive or dead, and report the outcome to Octavius.

THREE-MARK QUESTIONS

1.    Describe the atmosphere of the battlefield at the opening of Act V, Scene 4.
Ans: The scene opens amid an “alarum,” with soldiers from both armies fighting fiercely. Confusion, danger, and urgency dominate the battlefield. Brutus encourages courage, Young Cato boldly proclaims his identity, and deaths occur swiftly, creating a tense and chaotic war atmosphere.

2.    How does Young Cato attempt to uphold Roman ideals on the battlefield?
Ans: Young Cato loudly declares his name, lineage, and principles, calling himself a foe to tyrants and a friend of his country. By openly challenging the enemy, he displays courage, patriotism, and loyalty to republican ideals, even at the cost of his life.

3.    Explain the significance of Young Cato’s death in this scene.
Ans: Young Cato’s death symbolizes the fall of idealistic Roman youth and the fading republican cause. His bravery and noble proclamation contrast sharply with the brutal reality of war, intensifying the tragedy and reinforcing the sense of irreversible defeat for Brutus’s side.

4.    Why does Lucilius pretend to be Brutus, and what does this reveal about his character?
Ans: Lucilius pretends to be Brutus to divert the enemy and protect his master from capture. This act shows his extraordinary loyalty, courage, and self-sacrifice, as he willingly risks death and dishonour to preserve Brutus’s dignity and safety.

5.    How does Lucilius attempt to convince the soldiers that he is Brutus?
Ans: Lucilius boldly claims Brutus’s identity and even offers money, urging the soldiers to kill him for honour. His fearless behaviour and readiness to die strengthen the deception and reflect his devotion to Brutus.

6.    Why do the soldiers decide not to kill Lucilius immediately?
Ans: The soldiers believe Lucilius to be Brutus and regard him as a noble prisoner. Respect for rank and honour restrains them from killing him hastily, showing that Roman ideals of dignity still influence conduct even in war.

7.    How does Lucilius cleverly protect Brutus while speaking to Antony?
Ans: Lucilius assures Antony that Brutus is safe and will never be captured alive. By doing so, he conceals Brutus’s whereabouts and reinforces Brutus’s honourable image, ensuring Antony gains no useful information.

8.    Explain Antony’s reaction to discovering that Lucilius is not Brutus.
Ans: Antony is not angry; instead, he admires Lucilius’s loyalty and courage. He calls him a prize of great worth and orders that he be treated kindly, showing Antony’s respect for honourable enemies.

9.    What instructions does Antony give at the end of Scene 4, and why are they important?
Ans: Antony orders his men to discover whether Brutus is alive or dead and report to Octavius. This instruction advances the plot and prepares the audience for Brutus’s final fate in the next scene.

Reference To Contexts

EXTRACT 1

BRUTUS – Yet, countrymen, O, yet hold up your heads!
CATO – What bastard doth not? Who will go with me?
I will proclaim my name about the field:
I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!
A foe to tyrants, and my country's friend,
I am the son of Marcus Cato, ho!

Questions and Answers

(a) Who speaks the line “What bastard doth not?” (1 mark)
Ans: The line “What bastard doth not?” is spoken by Young Cato.

(b) Name the speaker who proclaims himself “a foe to tyrants.” (1 mark)
Ans: Young Cato proclaims himself “a foe to tyrants.”

(c) What does the exclamation “ho!” indicate in Cato’s speech? (1 mark)
Ans: The exclamation “ho!” is a loud war-cry used to attract attention and challenge the enemy boldly on the battlefield.

(d) Why does Cato repeat his name and lineage? (2 marks)
Ans: Cato repeats his name and lineage to assert his noble identity, inspire courage among allies, openly defy the enemy, and show pride in being the son of Marcus Cato, a symbol of Roman virtue.

(e) Explain the meaning of “bastard” in Cato’s question. (2 marks)
Ans: The word “bastard” means a coward or dishonourable person; Cato suggests that only cowards hide their identity, while brave men openly declare who they are.

(f) Identify the poetic device in “A foe to tyrants, and my country’s friend” and explain its effect. (3 marks)
Ans: The poetic device is antithesis, contrasting “tyrants” with “country.” This contrast highlights Cato’s moral stance against oppression and his loyalty to Rome, making his declaration powerful and heroic.

(g) Give a synonym of “proclaim” as used here; how does it reflect Cato’s bravery? (3 marks)
Ans: A suitable synonym is “declare openly.” It reflects Cato’s bravery because he announces his identity loudly in battle, willingly exposing himself to danger rather than hiding like a coward.

EXTRACT 2

BRUTUS – And I am Brutus, Marcus Brutus, I;
Brutus, my country’s friend, know me for Brutus!
Exit
LUCILIUS – O young and noble Cato, art thou down?
Why, now thou diest as bravely as Titinius;
And mayst be honour’d, being Cato’s son.

Questions and Answers

(a) Who exits after declaring “know me for Brutus!”? (1 mark)
Ans: Brutus exits after declaring “know me for Brutus!”

(b) Whom does Lucilius address as “young and noble Cato”? (1 mark)
Ans: Lucilius addresses Young Cato.

(c) Name the person Cato is compared to in dying bravely. (1 mark)
Ans: Cato is compared to Titinius.

(d) What does Lucilius mean by “art thou down”? (2 marks)
Ans: Lucilius asks whether Cato has fallen dead in battle, expressing grief and concern on seeing him lying motionless on the battlefield.

(e) Why is Cato honoured “being Cato’s son”? (2 marks)
Ans: Cato is honoured because he is the son of Marcus Cato, a respected Roman known for integrity and republican ideals, which adds dignity to his brave death.

(f) Identify the figure of speech in “now thou diest as bravely as Titinius” and justify. (3 marks)
Ans: The figure of speech is a simile, as Cato’s bravery is directly compared to Titinius using “as,” emphasizing equal courage and honour.

(g) Provide an antonym of “noble” in this context and explain Lucilius’s tone toward Cato. (3 marks)
Ans: An antonym is “base” or “ignoble.” Lucilius’s tone is respectful and admiring, as he praises Cato’s courage, honour, and noble lineage.

EXTRACT 3

FIRST SOLDIER – Yield, or thou diest.
LUCILIUS – Only I yield to die:
There is so much that thou wilt kill me straight;
(Offering money)
Kill Brutus, and be honour’d in his death.
FIRST SOLDIER – We must not. A noble prisoner!

Questions and Answers

(a) What does the First Soldier demand from Lucilius? (1 mark)
Ans: The First Soldier demands that Lucilius surrender.

(b) What does Lucilius offer the soldier? (1 mark)
Ans: Lucilius offers the soldier money.

(c) What does the First Soldier call Lucilius? (1 mark)
Ans: The First Soldier calls Lucilius a noble prisoner.

(d) Explain “Only I yield to die.” (2 marks)
Ans: Lucilius means that he will not surrender to save his life; he is prepared to surrender only if it leads to death, showing courage and loyalty.

(e) Why does Lucilius say “There is so much that thou wilt kill me straight”? (2 marks)
Ans: Lucilius pretends he carries great wealth to tempt the soldier into killing him immediately, strengthening the deception that he is Brutus.

(f) Identify the poetic device in “Kill Brutus, and be honour’d in his death” and explain. (3 marks)
Ans: The poetic device is irony, because Lucilius urges his own death for honour while secretly protecting the real Brutus.

(g) Give a synonym of “straight” and explain how it shows Lucilius’s deception. (3 marks)
Ans: A synonym is “immediately.” It shows deception because Lucilius exaggerates urgency to convince the soldiers he is Brutus.

EXTRACT 4

SECOND SOLDIER – Room, ho! Tell Antony, Brutus is ta’en.
FIRST SOLDIER – I’ll tell the news. Here comes the general.
Enter ANTONY
Brutus is ta’en, Brutus is ta’en, my lord.
ANTONY – Where is he?
LUCILIUS – Safe, Antony; Brutus is safe enough.

Questions and Answers

(a) Who enters as the general? (1 mark)
Ans: Antony enters as the general.

(b) What news does the First Soldier repeat to Antony? (1 mark)
Ans: He repeats that Brutus has been captured.

(c) What does “ta’en” mean? (1 mark)
Ans: “Ta’en” means captured.

(d) Why does the Second Soldier shout “Room, ho!”? (2 marks)
Ans: He shouts to clear space and command attention so important news can be delivered quickly.

(e) How does Lucilius reassure Antony about Brutus? (2 marks)
Ans: Lucilius says Brutus is safe and will never be taken alive, implying Brutus would choose death over dishonour.

(f) Identify repetition as a poetic device here and state its purpose. (3 marks)
Ans: The repetition of “Brutus is ta’en” heightens urgency, excitement, and dramatic tension.

(g) Give an antonym of “safe” and explain the irony. (3 marks)
Ans: An antonym is “captured.” The irony is that Brutus is “safe” because he will never allow himself to be captured alive.

EXTRACT 5

I dare assure thee that no enemy
Shall ever take alive the noble Brutus:
The gods defend him from so great a shame!
When you do find him, or alive or dead,
He will be found like Brutus, like himself.
ANTONY – This is not Brutus, friend…

Questions and Answers

(a) Who speaks “I dare assure thee”? (1 mark)
Ans: Lucilius speaks the line.

(b) What does Lucilius say no enemy will do to Brutus? (1 mark)
Ans: Lucilius says no enemy will ever take Brutus alive.

(c) What does Antony realise at the end? (1 mark)
Ans: Antony realises that Lucilius is not Brutus.

(d) Explain “The gods defend him from so great a shame!” (2 marks)
Ans: Lucilius means divine powers will protect Brutus from the disgrace of being captured alive.

(e) What does “like Brutus, like himself” mean? (2 marks)
Ans: It means Brutus will remain true to his honourable character whether alive or dead.

(f) Identify the poetic device in “or alive or dead” and explain its effect. (3 marks)
Ans: The device is antithesis, contrasting life and death to emphasize Brutus’s moral consistency.

(g) Give a synonym of “noble” and explain why Antony values Lucilius. (3 marks)
Ans: A synonym is “honourable.” Antony values Lucilius for his loyalty, courage, and self-sacrifice.