PAGE 169 TO 222, SDM'S KEY TO STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO TRANSLATION, BOOK -3
Page 169
The copies have not been checked yet.
He looks upon/considers me as his brother.
I cannot bear with/tolerate anyone’s arrogance.
Please put out/switch off/extinguish the lights before 10 o’ clock.
My friend was going to say something else, but I stopped him.
An elephant cannot lift even a piece of needle with its trunk.
If you run through your wealth, you will become poor in a few days.
We set up / established / founded a school in our village.
Spring has set in; summer will follow it / will set in after it.
He is so shrewd/cunning/clever that he cannot be taken in by any one.
I do not know when such an incident came about.
He took off his dress and went sleep / retired to bed.
Page 175The poor are unhappy.
We should sympathize with them.
They cannot feed their children well.
So their children often suffer from diseases.
On account of extreme poverty and wants they sometimes get associated with the thieves and other antisocial people.
In spite of that they are simple and pure.
They are used to hard work.
Should they get regular work, they can be happy.
But, it is a matter of great regret that most of the time of the year they don't get the work to do.
So their misery grows.
It's the duty of every citizen to remove their sufferings.
Service to the poor is service to God.
Page 209
Historical Passages - 1
In 262 B. C in the ninth year of his rule/reign /regime, Ashok set out to conquer Kalinga.
At that time the people of Kalinga were very valiant, brave and war- loving.
The army of Ashok faced the Kalinga army at the foot of Dhauli hill near the river Daya.
There took place a fierce bloody battle there.
The Kalinga army fought to the last, and were killed in great numbers.
The army of Ashok had also to suffer similar losses.
In the long run, Ashok won the battle, but the pride of his conquest / victory didn't last long.
While visiting the battle field, he deeply repented having seen the horrible sights of death and bloodshed.
At that point of time, he took an oath that he would never resort to war and conquest of any other kingdom.
He then embraced Buddhism and dedicated his life for the spread of that religion.
Page 210 (2)
Chandra Gupta II of the Gupta dynasty is called Vikramaditya.
Having killed the Shakas, he founded a very great empire.
Tradition has it that there were nine renowned scholars in his court.
They are known as nine gems.
Vikramaditya himself was a poet, philosopher, litterateur and an artist in all.
He was a great patron of Sanskrit literature.
Under his patronage the great poet Kalidasa composed the famous drama 'Shakuntala', and Bhababhuti wrote 'Uttar Ram Charita'.
Music, art and sculpture prospered during his reign.
Peace and prosperity reigned all over India.
Trade and commerce flourished to a great extent.
Vikramaditya was a staunch Hindu, and gradually Buddhism declined during his rule.
The Gupta period is called the golden era of India.
Page 212/213
A little over four hundred years ago Akbar was born at Amarkot of the desert of Sind.
At that time his father Humayun was escaping out of fear from the pursuing Shersah.
Thus, the birthday ceremony of Akbar could not be celebrated according to the taste of his father.
Seated inside the tent, Humayun at once recollected that he had still a pod of musk.
Calling his friends, he broke the musk and distributing it among them he told, "Friends, on today's occasion this is the only gift that I am presenting you. Do pray, may the fame of my child fill this world as the scent of this musk fills this tent!"
Page 214
Having slaughtered his brother, Aurangzeb ascended the throne of Delhi.
Soon after that having imprisoned his father Shahjahan, he killed the other members of the royal family.
He was a devout Muslim, and he was never liberal and tolerant towards other religion.
He treated the Hindus and the Sikhs very cruelly, and sometimes tried to convert them to Islam.
Hence, he could neither win anyone's trust nor be a friend of anyone.
Having established cordial relationship with the Hindus as well as the Rajputs, Akbar laid the plinth of Mughal empire, whereas being cruel to them Aurangzeb paved the way of downfall of this empire.
Page 215
Lord William Bentinck was a competent ruler.
He has done immense good to the Indians during his administration.
The Sati rite was in vogue at that time.
Having made the inhuman and cruel practice punishable by law, he abolished it.
At that time, there was a gang of dacoits called thug.
Moving in disguise they used to loot the wayfarers and set the houses on fire.
People could not live in peace out of fear of them.
With the support of his soldiers, Bentinck suppressed these thugs.
Then, turning his attention back to the Kandhas, he did away with the practice of human sacrifice.
He had English and mother tongue introduced in the offices as well as the courts, and offered government jobs to the Indians.
Geographical Passages (1)
Page 217
There lies the Indo-Gangetic plain to the south of the Himalayas.
It stretches undivided upto 2400 kilometres from the Punjab to Bengal.
Once this vast region was a part of the sea.
However, afterwards due to the movement of the earth's crust sea bed got raised, and the sea receded.
Then the rivers arising from the Himalayas started to flow over it. Having flown over here for ages, the Indus, the Ganges and their tributaries started depositing layer upon layer the sediments brought from the Himalayas.
Since the rivers changed their courses time and again, alluvium could be deposited all over this vast region.
So, at present the Indo-Gangetic plain is one of the most fertile plains of the world.
Here the soil is pretty deep, rich and fertile.
As a result the plain land is most densely populated area of India.
Page 219 (2)
India is a land of monsoon.
It gets all the rain from the South-West monsoon and the North -East monsoon.
Towards the middle of June the heat and dryness of the Deccan plateau and the Indo-Gangetic plain become intolerable.
As a result, low pressure is caused in the atmosphere there, and then the monsoon starts to blow from the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea.
Being obstructed by the Western Ghats as well as the Himalayas, this wind starts to rain in different regions of India.
Cherapunji in Meghalay* gets the highest rainfalls in the world.
The Deccan plateau being in the lee side of the Western Ghats gets very poor rainfall.
There being no mountain range to obstruct the monsoon in the Rajputana desert, it does not rain there at all.
Tibet is situated in the rain shadow area of the Himalayas.
So, it's dry and sparsely/thinly populated.
Page 220 (3)
Sea port is like a gateway to trade and commerce.
The comercial goods come to the country and go out of the country from here.
The growth of any port depends on its harbour, hinterland as well as the facility for transport and communication.
There are good natural harbours in the ports of Kolkata, Mumbai and Visakhapatnam of India, and an artificial harbour has been constructed in Chennai*. The port of Kolkata *, situated on the mouth of the Hoogly, is the biggest port of India.
One third of foreign trade of India passes through this port.
There are the jute producing areas of Bengal,
the tea plantation areas of Assam and the tobacco growing areas of Bihar in its hinterland.
Mumbai* is called the gateway of India.
It is the most important port of the cotton producing area of India and is known as the passenger port of India.
Page 222 (4)
Page 222 (4)
The Earth is a planet.
It is one of the planets revolving round the Sun.
The Moon is its only satellite.
There are two motions of the Earth.
One is moving on its own axis, and another is upon its orbit round the Sun.
Both these motions are respectively called the rotation and the revolution.
Due to rotation days and nights occur in alternation, and due to revolution there can take place the changes of seasons.
Since the Earth is round, the Sun lights half of the Earth while the other half remains covered in darkness.
The Sun is the main indicator of time as well as the regulator of time.
Following the Sun, we fix two types of time,
one is local time and another is standard time.
All the offices, wireless and radio stations, railway services etc. of the country are regulated by the standard time.
The standard time of India is five and half hours fast on Greenwich time.
Copyright: Dr. Shankar D Mishra, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
N. B. To read the rest of the translations written by B. N. Acharya, search on Google "SDM'S KEY TO STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO TRANSLATION, BOOK -1 or 2 or 3", and topic wise Grammar rules by Dr. Shankar D Mishra
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