CHANGE THE DEGREE OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
An adjective has three degrees:
• Positive Degree (PD) • Comparative Degree (CD) • Superlative Degree (SD)
No.
PD
CD
SD
1.
GOOD
better
best
2.
ABLE
abler
ablest
3.
CLEVER
cleverer
cleverest
4.
PRETTY
prettier
prettiest
5.
GREY
greyer
greyest
6.
FAT
fatter
fattest
7.
WONDERFUL
more wonderful
most wonderful
📦 RULE 1
GOOD → BETTER → BEST The three forms are completely different. Hence, they are called Irregular Degrees.
📦 RULE 2 — Syllables
A syllable is a unit of sound (or sound beat) in the pronunciation of a word or an adjective.
Types of adjectives according to the number of syllables • Monosyllabic (One syllable): fat, big, tall, short, fast • Disyllabic (Two syllables): able, clever, happy, narrow, simple • Trisyllabic (Three syllables): wonderful, beautiful, difficult • Polysyllabic (Four or more syllables): intelligent, industrious, extraordinary
Tips to identify syllables ✔ Pronounce the word slowly. ✔ Count the sound beats, not the letters. ✔ Every syllable normally contains one vowel sound.
Examples fat (1) cle-ver (2) won-der-ful (3) in-tel-li-gent (4)
📦 RULE 3
PRETTY and GREY both end in y, yet their Comparative and Superlative forms are different.
PRETTY = prett + y The y is preceded by the consonant t. Therefore, y changes into i before adding -er and -est. PRETTY → PRETTIER → PRETTIEST
GREY = gre + y The y is preceded by the vowel e. Therefore, y remains unchanged. GREY → GREYER → GREYEST
Rule Consonant + y → y changes into i before adding -er/-est. Vowel + y → y remains unchanged before adding -er/-est.
📦 RULE 4
FAT → FATTER → FATTEST
FAT is a monosyllabic adjective ending in a single consonant preceded by a single vowel.
Pattern: f + a + t Consonant + Vowel + Consonant (CVC)
Therefore, the last consonant is doubled before adding -er and -est.
The same rule applies to: big → bigger → biggest hot → hotter → hottest thin → thinner → thinnest
📦 RULE 5
Adjectives having three or more syllables generally form their Comparative and Superlative Degrees by using more and most instead of adding -er and -est.
Hence: WONDERFUL → MORE WONDERFUL → MOST WONDERFUL
How to identify the Positive Degree (PD) in a sentence
POSITIVE DEGREE (PD)
1. As │ PD │ As (+, –, ?)
───────────────────────────────
2. So │ PD │ As (–, ?)
───────────────────────────────
3. Such │ PD │ As (–, ?)
Examples
As + PD + As
A is as good as B. (+)
A is not as rich as C. (–)
Does Ram play as well as Gopal? (?)
So + PD + As
G is not so intelligent as H. (–)
Does S speak so well as T? (?)
C.D. →
→ 1. C.D. + than (between 2 nouns or pronouns)
→ 2. C.D. + than + any other (from the S.D.)
→ 3. C.D. + than + most others (from one of the S.D.)
Examples of C.D.:
Ex. 1. Honey is sweeter than pineapple.
N₁ C.D. N₂
Ex. 2. Honesty is better than any other policy.
C.D.
Ex. 3. Sachin was greater than most other batsmen in the world.
C.D. (from one of the S.D.)
S.D. →
→ 1. The S.D. + Noun (Singular)
→ 2. One of the S.D. + Noun (Plural)
How to Identify C.D. in a Sentence
Look for the following clues:
→ 1. If you find than immediately after the adjective, the adjective is in Comparative Degree (C.D.).
Pattern: C.D. + than
Example: Honey is sweeter than pineapple.
→ 2. If you find than + any other + Singular Noun, the adjective is in Comparative Degree (C.D.).
Pattern: C.D. + than + any other + Singular Noun
Example: Honesty is better than any other policy.
→ 3. If you find than + most other + Plural Noun, the adjective is in Comparative Degree (C.D.).
Pattern: C.D. + than + most other + Plural Noun
Example: Sachin was greater than most other batsmen in the world.
Examples of S.D.
1.
Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.
highest
│
N. Sing.
2.
Virat Kohli is one of the most popular players.
most popular
│
N. Plural
The S.D.
. . . . .
. . ● . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . .
A ─────────► 90%
One of the S.D.
. . . . . . .
● ● ●
● ●
. . . . . . . .
Sachin Virat
M.S. Sunil
Comparison is of Two Types
Comparison between two nouns or pronouns.
Comparison among more than two nouns or pronouns.
Comparison between Two Nouns
Step 1
(+PD) becomes (−CD)
(−PD) becomes (+CD)
Step 2
The 1st noun/pronoun becomes the 2nd, and the 2nd noun/pronoun becomes the 1st.
(+PD) ─────────► (−CD)
A B
┌──────┐ ┌──────┐
│ 40% │ │ 90% │
└──────┘ └──────┘
Example
'A' is as rich as 'B'.
'B' is not richer than 'A'.
'T' is cleverer than 'D'.
'D' is not as clever as 'T'.
DEGREE OF COMPARISON
2.
1. You are as good as I.
1.
2.
3.
2. Cricket is not so popular as football.
1. I am not better than you.
2. Football is more popular than Cricket.
Copyright: Shankar D Mishra
4.
Suradeep is the fastest runner in our team. SURADEEP IS FASTER THAN ANY OTHER RUNNER IN OUR TEAM.
Hindi is the easiest subject. HINDI IS EASIER THAN ANY OTHER SUBJECT.
Gold is the prettiest metal. GOLD IS PRETTIER THAN ANY OTHER METAL
Lead is the heaviest metal. LEAD IS HEAVIER THAN ANY OTHER METAL.
Mt. Everest is the highest peak.
MOUNT EVEREST IS HIGHER THAN ANY OTHER PEAK.
5.
1. Puri is one of the holiest Dhams in India.
2. Beijing is one of the busiest cities in the world.
3. Mathematics is one of the most interesting subjects.
4. Oppo is one of the most popular smart phones.
5. Dhoni was one of the luckiest captains.
1.Puri is holier than most other dhams in India.
2. Beijing is busier than most other cities in the world .
3. Mathematics is more interesting than most other subjects .
4. oppo is more popular than most other smart phones.
5. Dhoni was luckier than most other captains.
6.
* This is one of the most interesting topics I was ever taught.
Very few topics are as interesting as this one that I was ever taught.
This topic is more interesting than most other topics that I was ever taught.
* Grammar is the easiest topic.
No other topic is as easy as Grammer.
Grammer is easier than any other topic.
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