The Five Types of Conditional Clauses
1. If + Subject + V¹, Subject + V¹
Condition: A general truth or something that always happens.
Easy Rule: If something happens, another thing always happens.
Example: If you heat ice, it melts.
2. If + Subject + V¹, Subject + will/can + V¹
Condition: A real possibility in the present or future.
Easy Rule: If something happens, something else will probably happen.
Example: If you study hard, you will pass the examination.
3. If + Subject + V², Subject + would/could + V¹
Condition: An imaginary or unlikely situation in the present or future.
Easy Rule: If something happened (but it is not likely), something else would happen.
Example: If I had a car, I would drive to school.
4. If + Subject + were, Subject + would/could + V¹
Condition: An unreal wish or imagination.
Easy Rule: If someone were something else (which is not true), he/she would do something.
Example: If I were a bird, I would fly across the sky.
5. If + Subject + had + V³, Subject + would/could have + V³
Condition: Regret or imagination about the past.
Easy Rule: If something had happened differently in the past, the result would have been different.
Example: If she had studied harder, she would have passed the examination.
Memory Tip:
Always true → V¹, V¹
Possible future → V¹, will V¹
Imaginary present/future → V², would V¹
Unreal wish → were, would V¹
Past regret → had V³, would have V³.
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