CONTENTS
F
Name Of The Chapters
1.
Tense
PART ONE
2. Question Tag. (Q.T)
3. Change The Voice (C.V.)
4.
Change The Narration
6.
5. Degree Of Comparison Remove 'Too..... To' And 'Too'
7. 8.
Remove 'Unless' Remove 'Until'
9.
Remove 'As Soon As/When' Use Of Hardly...When 10.
11.
Use Of Correlatives
12.
13.
From Affirmative To Negative (-)
From Assertive To Exclamatory (1)
14.
15.
From Assertive To Interrogative (?)
16.
Clauses
Simple, Compound And Complex Sentences
Additional Examples On Simple, Compound And Complex Sentences
17.
18. The Gerund
19. The Participle
20. The Infinitive
21. Use Of Do, Have And Modal Auxiliaries
22. 23. Figures Of Speech Lines Liable To Be Confused
24. Degrees Of Adjectives Forms Of The Verbs
.....
Always put worry in its proper place out of your life.
1.Tense
The word tense comes from the Latin word
"Tempus' which means Time. Definition of tense. Tense is the form of a verb that shows the time of an action and its degree of
completeness
Classification of tense:- Tense is of three types:
1) Present tense 2) Past tense
3) Future tense According to the degree of an action's completeness each tense is classified into four
types:
1) Simple/Indefinite
2
) Continuous/Progressive / Imperfect
3) Perfect
4) Perfect Continuous/Perfect Progressive
Present Simple Tense
Rules
Positive: 1+1 Sub+ v1.
Negative:-- Sub + do not / does not+vi. Interrogative: [2] Do / Does + sub + v1?
Negative interrogative [-?] Don't/ doesn't + sub + v1? Or. [-2] Do/ does+ sub +not+v1?
Singular Number Plural Number
1 person
1 person [+] We go
1+11 go
(-) I do not go Do I go?
1-1 We do not go
[?] Do we go?
[-7) Don't I go? or - Do I not go?
1-7] Don't we go?,or 1-? Do we not go
20 person [+] You go.
2 person 1+1 You go.
1-1 You do not go Do you go?
1- You do not go [?] Do you go?
1-1 Don't you go?
1- Don't you go?
1-71 Do you not go? 1-1 Do you not go?
person
person
[+] He/she/it goes
[+] They go.
1-1 He/she/it does not go. [-] They do not go 171 Does he/she/it go? 171 Do they go?
- Doesn't he/she/it go
? [-] Don't they go? 1-1 Does/she/it not go? -? Do they not go?
Present continuous tense
Rules
[+] Sub+is/am/are+(v) ing).
1-1 Sub+is/am/are+not+v (ing).
[?] Is/am/are sub+v (ing)?)
1-7) Isn't/aren't/aren't + sub +v (ing)7, or
(-?) Is/am/are+ sub+not+v (ing)?
Singular Number
Plural Number 1 person
1 person
[+] I am going
[+] We are going 1-1 We are not going
-I am not going Am I going
[7] Are we going?
1- Aren't I going? 1-21 Am I not going?
1-7) Aren't we going?
1-7] Are we not going
2 person
2 person
[+] You are going
1+1 You are going
1-1 You are not going.
(- You are not going
......An acute word cuts deeper than a sharp weapon.
[?] Are you going? [-?] Aren't you going?
[?] Are you going?
1-71 Aren't you going? [-] Are you not going?
1-7] Are you not going? 3rd person
3rd person
[+] He/she/it is going.
1+] They are going.
[-]
He/she/it is not going. [-] They are not going [?] Are they going?
[?] Is he/she/it going?
1-?] Isn't he/she/it going? 1-?] Aren't they going" ? 1-21 Are they not going?
1-1 Is he/she/it not going Present perfect tense
Rules => [+] Sub + have/has + v3.
1-1 Sub + have/has+not+v3. [?] Have/has+ sub + v3?
[-2] Haven't/hasn't + sub + v3?, or
[-?] Have/has+ sub + not + v3? Singular Number
Plural Number
1 person [+] I have gone.
1 person
[+] We have gone.
[-] I have not gone, [?] Have I gone?
[-] We have not gone. [?] Have we gone?
1-?] Haven't I gone? [-2] Have I not gone?
[-?] Haven't we gone?
[-?] Have we not gone? 2nd person
2nd person
[+] You have gone.
[+] You have gone
[-] You have not gone. [?] Have you gone?
[-] You have not gone. [?] Have you gone?
[-2] Haven't you gone? [-?] Have you not gone?
1-2 Haven't you gone?
1-? Have you not gone?
3rd person
3rd person
[+] He/she/it has gone. 1-1 He/she/it has not gone.
[+] You have gone.
1-] They have not gone.
[?] Has he/she/it gone?
[?] Have they gone??
[-2] Hasn't he/she/it gone? [-?] Has he/she/it not gone? [-] Have they not gone?
[-2] Haven't they gone?
Persent perfect continuous tense
Rules => [+] Sub + have been/has been + v(ing).
[-] Sub + have not been/has not been + v(ing).
[?] Have/has+ sub + been + v(ing)? [-2] Haven't/hasn't + sub + been + v(ing)?, or
[-?] Haven't/hasn't + sub + been + v(ing)? Plural Number
Singular Number
1 person
1 person
[+] I have been going. [-] I have not been going.
[+] We have been going. [-] We have not been
going
[7] Have I been going? (-?) Haven't I been going?
[?] Have we been going? [-?] Haven't we been
going?
1-1 Have I not been going? [-?] Have we not been
going? 2nd person
2 person
[+] You have been going. [-] You have not been going
[+] You have been going . [-] You have not been
going.
[?] Have you been going? 1-?] Haven't you been going
[?] Have you been going? ?" [-?] Haven't you been
going?
[-] Have you not been going? [-2] Have you not been going?
........
An annless man is tossed about by circumst fallen dry leaf is blown about to the wind
going?
person
[+] Hershenit has been going
They have been
going
1- He she has not been going
[] They have not been 1 Has he/she been going? Have they been going?
going
1- Hasn't he/she/it been going? 11 Haven't they been 11 Have they not been
going?
1 Has he/she/it not been going?
going?
Past Tense
Past simple tense
Rules => [+] Sub + v1.
1-1 Sub + did + not + v1. (2) Did + sub + v1?
1-2] Didn't + sub + v17, or 1-2) Did + sub + not + v1?
Singular Number 1 person
Plural Number 1 person
[-] I went [-] I did not go.
[+] We went.
[-1 We did not go.
1 Did I go
[?] Did we go? 1-2) Didn't we go?
1-1 Didn't I go?
- Did I not go
1-? Did we not go
2 person [+] You went.
2nd person
[+] You went.
[-] You did not go. [?] Did you go?
(-) You did not go [?] Did you go?
1-7] Didn't you go?
[-] Didn't you go?
[-] Did you not go?
[-2] Did you not go?
30 person
3 person
[+] He/she/it went.
[+] They went.
1-1 He/she/it did not go I Did he/she/it go?
[-] They did not go. [?] Did they go?
- Didn't he/she/it go?
[-] Didn't they go? (-?) Did they not go?
1-
? Did he/she/it not go?
Pasi continuous tense
Rules =>
[+] Sub+was+ were + v(ing).
[-] Sub + was +were + not + v(ing). [?] Was/were + sub + v(ing)?
1-2] Wasn't/weren't sub + v(ing), or
1-?] Was/were + sub + not + v(ing)? Singular Number
Plural Number
1 person
1 person [+] We were going.
+I was going [-] I was not going.
1-] We were not going. [?] Were we going?
[?] Was I going?
1-1 Wasn't I going?
[-] Weren't we going?
1-" Was I not going? 2
[-?] Were we not going? 2 person
person
[+] You were going. [-] You were not going.
[+] You were going.
[-] You were not going,
Were you going? -2] Weren't you going?
[?] Were you going?
[-] Weren't you going? - Were you not going? [-?] Were you not going?
30 person
3 person
+ He/she/it was going
[+] They were going.
........
An angry man opens his mouth and shuts up his eyes
- They were not going
- He/she/it was not going [7] Was he/she/it going?
[2] Were they going? 1-7] Weren't they going?
1-71 Wasn't he/she/it going?
1-71 Were they not going?
1-71 Was he/she/it not going?
Past perfect tense Rules->
1+1 Sub + had+vJ.
1-1 Subhad+not+v3.
[?] Had sub+v3?
1-21 Hadn't+ sub + v37, or
1-21 Had sub+not+v3?
Plural Number
Singular Number
1º person
1 person
[+] We had gone. [-] We had not gone
[+] I had gone
1-11 had not gone. 171 Had I gone?
[?] Had we gone? 1-7) Hadn't we gone?
1-71 Hadn't I gone? [7] Had I not gone?
1-7] Had we not gone?
2nd person [+] You had gone
2 person [+] You had gone.
[-] You had not gone. I Had you gone?
[-] You had not gone.
[7] Had you gone?
[-7] Hadn't you gone? 1-21 Had you not gone?
1-71 Hadn't you gone? (-71 Had you not gone?
3 person
3 person
1+1 He/she/it had gone [-] He/she/it had not gone
[+] They had gone . 1-1 They had not gone
[7] Had he/she/it gone? (-7) Hadn't he/she/it gone?
171 Had they gone?
1-7] Hadn't they gone? [?] Had he/she/it not gone? 1-7] Had they not gone?
Past perfect continuous tense Rules
[+] Sub + had been + v(ing).
1-1 Sub+ had not + been + v(ing). [?] Had sub + been + v(ing)?
1-2] Hadn't sub + been + v(ing)?, or
1-7] Had + sub + not + been + v(ing)? Singular Number
Plural Number
18 дегков
1 person
[+] I had been going [-] 1 had not been going
[+] We had been going (-) We had not been
going
[?] Had I been going? 1-71 Hadn't I been going?
17 Had we been going 1-7] Hadn't we been
going?
[-7] Had I not been going?
1-7) Had we not been
going?
2nd person
2 person
[+] You had been going 1-1 You had not been going
[+] You had been going I-] You had not been
going
[7] Had you been going? 1- Hadn's you been going?
17) Had you been going 1-71 Hadn't you bees
going (-7) Had you not been
[-7] Had you not been going?
going?
2 person
[+] He/she/it had been going 1-1 He/she/it had not been going
1-1 They had not been going.
........
An ass covered with gold is more respected than a good horse with a pack saddle..
[7] Had he/she/it been going? 1-7] Hadn't he/she/it been going
[?] Had they been going? ? [-?] Hadn't they been
going?
1-71 Had he/she/it not been going?
[-7] Had they not been
going?
Future Tense
Future simple tense
Rules
Positive: [+] Sub + shall/will+vl Negative:-1-1 Sub + shall/will+not+vi
Interrogative: [?] shall/will+ sub + v1? Negative interrogative [-2] Shan't/ won't+ sub +
v1?
or, 1-?] Shan't/won't+ sub + v1? Plural Number
Singular Number
1 person
1 person
[+] I shall go.
[+] We shall go.
[-] I shall not go [?] Shall I go?
1-1 We shall not go [?] Shall we go?
[-] Shan't I go? 1-7] Shall I not go?
[-2] Shan't we go? [-2] Shall we not go?
2 person
2nd person
1+1 You will go.
[+] You will go.
[-] You will not go. 171 Will you go?
[-] You will not go. [?] Will you go?
1-21 Won't you go? 1-71 Will you not go?
1-?] Won't you go? [-] Will you not go?
3 person
3 person
[+] He/she/it will go.
[+] They will go.
1-1 He/she/it will not go
[-] They will not go [?] Will they go?
[?] Will he/she/it go?
[-7] Won't he/she/it go? 1-7] Will he/she/it not go?
[-] Won't they go? 1-71 Will they not go?
Future continuous tense Rules->
[+] Sub+ shall/will be + (v) ing). 1-1 Sub + shall/will+not+be+v (ing).
[?] Shall/will+sub+be+v (ing)? 1-7] Shan't/won't sub+be+v (
ing)?, or 1-71 Shall/will+ sub +not+be+v (ing)?
Singular Number
Plural Number
1 person
1 person
1+1 I shall be going
[+] We shall be going
1-1 I shall not be going
1-1 We shall not be going [?] Shall we be going?
II Shall I be going?
1-71 Shan't I be going? [-2] Shall I not be going?
1-71 Shan't we be going? 1-7] Shall we not be
going
? 2nd person
2 person
[+] You will be going
[+] You will be going.
(-) You will not be going
[-] You will not be going
[?] Will you be going?
[7] Will you be going? [?] Won't you be going?
1-71 Won't you be going?
1-71 Will you not be going? [-2] Will you not be going?
3 person
3 person
[+] He/she/it will be going
1+ You will be going. - They will not be
- He/she/it will not be going
going
[?] Will he/she/it be going? 1-7] Won't he/she/it be going?
[7] Will they be going?
1-7] Won't they be going?
......
An imperfect god is man, a perfect ina is god
1-71 Will he/she/it not be going? 1-71 Will
they not be
going?
Future perfect tense
Rules
[+] Sub + shall/will+have+v3.
1- Sub shall/will+have+not+v3.
[?] Shall/will+ sub + have + v37
1-?] Shan't/won't+ sub+have+ v3?, or 1-71 Shall/will sub+not+have+ 37
Singular Number
Plural Number 1 person
1 person
[+] I shall have gone. - I shall not have gone.
[+] We shall have gone shall not have
- We gone.
[?] Shall I have gone?
[7] Shall we have gone?
[-2] Shan't I have gone? [-2] Shall I not have gone?
[-] Shan't we have gonet [?] Shall we not have
gone?
2 person
2 person
[+] You will have gone. - You will not have gone.
[+] You will have gone [-] You will not have
gone.
[?] Will you have gone? [-2] Won't you have gone?
[7] Will you have gone? [-2] Won't you have
gone
1-71 Will you not have gone?
[-] Will you not have gone?
3 person
3 person
+1 He/she/it will have gone
[+] You will have gone. [-] He/she/it will not have gone 1-1 They will not have
gone.
[7] Will he/she/it have gone? [-2] Won't he/she/it have gone?
[?] Will they have gone? -?] Won't they have
gone? -?] Will they not have gone?
1-? Will he/she/it not have gone?
Future perfect continuous tense
Rules 1+1 Sub + shall/will+ have been + v(ing).
1-1 Sub +shall/will+not+ have been + v(ing). 17] Shall/will+ sub + have been + v(ing)?
1-7] Shan't/won't+ sub + have been + v(ing)?, or
1-21 Shall/will+ sub Singular Number
+ not have been + v(ing)? Plural Number
1 person
1 person
[+] I shall have been going
[+] We shall have been
going
[-] I shall not have been going 1-1 We shall not have been going [?] Shall we have been
[7] Shall I have been going?
going?
1-7] Shan't I have been going?
[-7] Shan't we have been
going?
1-21 Shall I not have been going?
[-7] Shall we not have
been going 2 person
2 person
[+] You will have been going
1+ You will have been
going
[-] You will not have been going 1-1 You will not have been going
......
A pony does nor do so much form as a traitor docs
have boon going
171 Will you have b
vie huve been going - Won't you have been
Will you not have been gong-1 Will you
? boce going
Hershorit will have been
11 They will have been
poing
going
1-1 Hasbain will not have
not have
1-1 They will not have
Will he tie it have been 171 Will they have been
been going
po Won't beshe/it have been
going?
1-71 Won't they have been
- Will hershe/it not have been
1. Question Tag (0.1)
going? (71 Will they not have been going?
Question tags are used to reconfirm the statement of
the spiker Question tags are added to assertive and imperative schoes only
laga negative statement takes a positive qt and a posve statement takes a negative q Inqt contracted/short negative form (n't) is used ite
1. dan 1, haven I cic Sometimes affirmative statements containing semi- negative words like, hardly, rare (ly), scarce (ly), barely seldom, little, few take positive qt for their negative
casings Goserally everybody, everyone, somebody, sonicone,
anybody, anyone, each one, nobody are singular in aning, but in qt they take plural pronoun (they) But nothing is always negative as well as singular La case of an imperative sentence qs can either be "will
so Or be won't you? But in case of Let's q1 becomes shall we? I have, has and had are helping verbs they become hasn't and hadn't in qt
But if they are main verbs they can either be haven't?,
hast and hadn't (according to Brush usage) or doesn't? and didn't?(according to American
But the first rule is more appropriate as we follow British
English
As
no contracted negative form, it becomes
The rule of adding a question tag is
Question comms/3a begative contracted form of the verb for a positive statement or a positive helping verb for a negative statement pronoun of the subject on mark (7)
When the subject of the sentence is there, in qt "there" ut come in place of the pronoun Vers Contracted negative forms of the verbs
don' doesn'
dide's
........
An ounce of practice is better than tons of tall talks
Are
Was
Were
Have
Has
Had
Will
Shall
Would
Can
Could
aren't
wasn
weren't
haven't
hasn't
hadn't won't
shan't- wouldn'
can't
couldn't mayn't
mightn't
shouldn't mustn't
needn't
oughtn't won't
wouldn't
shouldn't
couldn't
mustn't
may
Might
Should
Must
Need
Ought to
Will have
Would have
Should have Could have
Must have
Ought to have oughtn't Examples
I like sweets
I like sweets, don't 12 She likes pickles much.
She likes pickles much, doesn't she?
We played cricket yesterday We played cricket yesterday, didn't we?
I am busy now
I am busy now, aren't 17
He is a man of intelligence.
He is a man of intelligence, isn't he?
Students are reading aloud Students are reading aloud, aren't they?
It was raining heavily.
It was raining heavily, wasn't it? Cows were grazing
Cows were grazing, weren't they?
They have reached home. They have reached home, haven't they?
The baby has pissed.
The baby has pissed, hasn't he/it? Farmers had reaped crops.
Farmers had reaped crops, hadn't they? Girls will dance in the party. Girls will dance in the party, won't they?
We shall go on a picnic. We shall go on a picnic, shan't we?
Teachers would teach well
Teachers would teach well, wouldn't they? Will can conquer mountains.
Will can conquer mountains, won't it?
You could speak French well. You could speak French, couldn't you?
I may accompany you
I may accompany you, mayn't I? He might help me.
He might help me, mightn't he?
.......
Anger begins with folly and ends with repentance.
You should be honest.
You should be honest, shouldn't you?
We must pay taxes
We must pay taxes, mustn't we? You need drive carefully.
You need drive carefully, needn't you?
Students ought to rise early. Students ought to rise early, oughtn't they?
We will have done it.
We will have done it, won't we?
I would have passed the test.
I would have passed the test, wouldn't I?
Ram should have solved it
Ram should have solved it, shouldn't he?
Sita could have won the race,
Sita could have won the race, couldn't she?
They must have accepted my proposal.
They must have accepted my proposal, mustn't they?
We ought to have completed our work We ought to have completed our work, oughtn't we?
Confusing Examples
I am busy today
I am busy today, aren't 17
I am not following in his steps.
I am not following in his steps, am 17 Everybody knows him.
Everybody knows him, don't they?
None one came to his rescue. No one came to his rescue.did they?
Nothing happened
Nothing happened, did it?
There is nothing in it. There is nothing in it, is there?
Someone stole his cycle.
Someone stole his cycle, didn't they?
Anvone of them can do it.
Any one of them can do it can't they? Each one of the players was rewarded
Each one of the players was rewarded, weren't they? Water is scarce here
Water is scarce here, is it?
He hardly studies in the evening He hardly studies in the evening does he?
There is little milk in the pot.
There is little milk in the pot. is there?
There is a little milk in the pol There is a little milk in the pot, isn't there?
Few answers were correct.
Few answers were correct, were they?
A few answers were correct.
A few answers were correct, weren't they?
Indian farmers are seldom paid duly. Indian farmers are seldom paid duly, are they?
Computers rarely make errors.
Computers rarely make errors, do Let's play now
Let's play now, shall we?
Have a cup of tea. Have a cup of tea, will/ won't you?
Open the door.
......
A tree laden with fruits is always hit by stones
Open the door, will/won't you?
Don't waste time.
Don't waste time, will/won't you?
Be sincere in duty
Be sincere in duty, you? Speak the truth
Speak the truth, will/won't you?
Don't tell a lic Don't tell a lie, will/won't you?
He knows little about Maths
He knows little about Maths, does he? I know a little about Logic.
I know a little about Logic, don't 17
She has a lovely complexion.
She has a lovely complexion, hasn't she? (British usage) ?
She has a lovely complexion, doesn't she (American usage)
You have a good reputation.
You have a good reputation, haven't you? (British usage)
You have a good reputation, don't you? (American usage)
I had a sound sleep last night.
I had a sound sleep last night, hadn't I? (British usage) I had a sound sleep last night, didn't I?
(American usage) 3. Change The Voice
In English grammar voice is of two types:
1. Active voice
2Passive voice
In active voice the subject is prominent and it does the action.
In passive voice the object is prominent and the action is acted upon.
In active voice the sentence order is- Subject + verb + object,or (s + v + o)
In passive voice the sentence order - S .f.0+h.v v ^ 3 + by
(or other prepositions) + o.f.s
S.f. phi = subject form of the object
4x - 1 helping verb; v ^ 3 =* verb third form 0. f .s- object form of the subject.
In change the voice the active verb must be
transitive
The verbs of future continuous tense and present/ past/future perfect continuous tenses cannot be changed into
passive voice.
Subject Object
me/to me
We
us/to us
You
you to you
He
him/to him
She
her/to her
them/to them
Ram
Ram/to Ram
Sita
Sita/to Sita
This
this to this
......
Anybody can make history, only a great man can write it.
it/to it
that/to that
these/to these
those/to those
That
These
Those
Tense-wise change the voice
Present Tense
Present simple Tense
Passive voice of [+] positive sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice - Subject+verb1+object. Helping verbs in Passive voice - Is/am/are+y
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+is/am/are+v+by+0. F.S. Active voice 1 compose poems.
Passive voice-Poems are composed by me
Active voice-We like cricket very much
Passive voice- Cricket is very much liked by us Or. Cricket is liked by us very much.
Active voice-You read English daily. Passive voice-English is read by you daily
Active voice-Teacher teaches grammar twice a week.
Passive voice-Grammar is taught by teacher twice a week. Active voice-He helps me in need.
Passive voice- I am helped by him in need Active voice-She helps her mother in house hold work.
Passive voice-Her mother is helped by her in house hold
work
Active voice-The sun gives light.
Passive voice-Light is given (to) by the sun
Active voice-Farmers plough the lands in summer
Passive voice-The lands are ploughed by farmers in summer. Active voice-Students play many types of games.
Passive voice - Many types of games are played by students
Active voice-Parents long for the children's good.
Passive voice-The children's good is longed for by parents.
Active voice- I like movies. Passive voice-Movies are liked by me.
Active voice- We do our duty in time. Passive voice - Our duty is done by us in time.
Active voice- You speak the truth.
Passive voice-The truth is spoken by you. Active voice-She sings songs
Passive voice-Songs are sung by her. Active voice -The honest persons keep their words.
Passive voice - The words of the honest persons are kept by them.
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice - Subject+do/ does+not+verb1+object.
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are+not+v Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+is/am/are+y+by+0.F.S. Active voice I do not compose poems.
Passive voice-Poems are not composed by me
Active voice - We do not like cricket very much
Passive voice - Cricket is not very much liked by us Or. Cricket is not liked by us very much.
Active voice- You do not read English daily Passive voice-English is not read by you daily,
Active voice-Teacher does not teach grammar twice a week. Passive voice-Grammar is not taught by teacher twice a
week.
.......
Art lies in concealing art.
Active voice-He does not help me in need
Passive voice-1 am not helped by him in need Active voice-She does not help her mother in house hold
work
voice-Her mother is not helped by her in house
hold work
Passive
Active voice-I do not help the miscreants. Passive voice-Miscreants are not helped by me.
Active voice-Farmers do not plough the lands in summer. Passive voice-The lands are not ploughed by farmers in
Active voice-Students do not play one type of games in
recess
Passive voice-One typeof game is not played by students in
Active voice-Parents do not think of the children's bad
Passive voice-The children's bad is not thought of by
parents
Active voice-I do not do like movies
Passive voice-Movies are not liked by me.
Active voice-We do not do our duty in time.
Passive vofce-Our duty is not done by us in time. Active voice-You do not speak the truth Passive voice-The truth is not spoken by you
Active voice-She does not sing songs Passive voice-Songs are sung by her
Active voice-The dishonest persons do not keep their words. Passive voice-The words of the dishonest persons are not
kept by theat
Passive voice of Verball?] Interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice-
Do does subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice-Is/am/are+ Sentence structure in Passive voice-
Is/am/are+S.FO+y+by+0.F.S? Active voice-Do I compose poems?
Passive voice-Are poems composed by me?
Active voice-Do we like cricket very much? Passive voice- Is cricket very much liked by us?
Or. Is cricket liked by us very much? Active voice-Do you read English daily? Passive voice-Is English read by you daily?
Active voice-Does teacher teach grammar twice a week?
Passive voice- Is grammar taught by teacher twice a week?
Active voice-Does he help me in need? Passive voice-Am I helped by him in need?
Active voice-Does she help her mother in house holdwork Passive voice-Is her mother helped by her in house hold
work?
Active voice-Do the stars give light?
Passive voice-Is light given by the stars?
Active voice-Do farmers plough the lands in summer? Passive voice- Are the lands ploughed by farmers in summer?
in recess?
Active voice-Do students play many types of games in recess? Passive voice-Are many types of games played by students
Active voice-Do parents long for the children's bad? Passive voice-Is the children's bad longed for by parents? Active voice-Do I like movies?
Passive voice-Are movies liked by me? Active voice-Do we do our duty in time?
.....
As is the mind so is the life of man.
Passive voice - Is our duty done by us in time?
Active voice-Do you speak the truth? Passive voice-Is the truth spoken by you?
Active voice-Does she sing songs? Passive voice - Are songs sung by her
Active voice-Do the dishonest persons keep their words?
Passive voice - Are the words of the dishonest persons kept by
them?
Passive voice of 'WH' [?] Interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice- 'Wh' word+do/
does+subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are + Sentence structure in Passive voice-
Wh' word+is/am/are +S.E.O++by+O.F.S? Active voice-How do you compose poems?
Passive voice-How are poems composed by you?
Active voice-Why do Indians like cricket so much? Passive voice-Why is cricket so much liked by Indians?
Or, Why is cricket liked by Indians so much? Active voice-Why don't you read English daily?
Passive voice- Why isn't English read by you daily?
Active voice-Who teaches grammar?
Passive voice-By whom is grammar taught? Or Who is grammar taught by?
Active voice-When does he do this?
Passive voice- When is this done by him? Active voice-Where do they play matches? Active voice-What problems do you face in day to day life? Passive voice - What problems are faced by you in day to day
Passive voice-Where are matches played by them?
life?
Active voice-Which pen do you like?
Passive voice-Which pen is liked by you? Present continuous tense
Passive voice of [+] positive sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-Subject+is/am/ are+ v(ing)+object.
Helping verbs in Passive voice - Is/am/are+being +
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+ is/am/are+being+v+by+0.F.S. Active voice - I am writing a letter to my father.
Passive voice-A letter to my father is being written by me. Active voice-We are discussing a serious matter. Passive voice- A serious matter is being discussed by us.
Active voice-You are preparing an important chapter for the exam. Passive voice- An important chapter for the exam is being
prepared by you
Active voice-He is catching the ball very well.
Passive voice-The ball is being very well caught by him. Active voice-She is drawing a beautiful picture. Passive voice-A beautiful picture is being drawn by her.
Active voice-Savitree is praying to God. Passive voice-God is being prayed to by Savitree.
Active voice-Ravindra is working out sums.
Passive voice-Sums are being worked out by Ravindra. Active voice- Farmers are sowing seeds in the fields.
Passive voice-Seeds are being sown by farmers. Active voice-Children are flying kites.
Passive voice-Kites are being flown by children.
Active voice- The police are searching for the culprits.
.......
As is the mind so is the view of the world
Passive voice-Culprits are being searched for by the police Active voice-The papers are publishing thrilling news these
days.
Passive voice-Thrilling news is being published by the
papers these days
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice-Subject+is/am/
are+not+v(ing) +object. Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are+not+being+
Sentence structure in Passive voice- SEO+is/am/are not being+by+0.E.S.
Active voice-1 am not writing a letter to my father
Passive voice-A letter to my father is not being written my
me
Active voice- We are not discussing a serious matter
Passive voice- A serious matter is not being discussed by us Active voice- You are not preparing an important chapter for
the exam
Passive voice-An important chapter for the exam. is not being prepared by you.
Active voice-He is not catching the ball very well him
Passive voice-The ball is not being very well caught by Active voice - She is not drawing a beautiful picture
Passive voice - A beautiful picture is not being drawn by her
Active voice-Savitree is not doing homework. Passive voice-Homework is not being done by Savitree.
Active voice-Ravindra is not working out the sums Passive voice-The sums are not being worked out by Ravindra. Active voice. Farmers are not sowing seeds in the fields.
Passive voice-Seeds are not being sown by farmers.
Active voice - Children are not flying kites.
Passive voice - Kites are not being flown by children Active voice- The police are not searching for the culprits
Passive voice-Culprits are not being searched for by the
police.
Active voice-The papers are not publishing less thrilling
news these days.
Passive voice-Less thrilling news is not being published by the papers these days.
Passive voice of 'Wh'[?] interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice -'Wh'word-is/am/
are subject+v(ing)+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are+being+ Sentence structure in Passive voice- Wh'werd+is/am/are+S.FO+being+y+by+O.ES?
Active voice-Whom are you writing a letter? Passive voice-Whom is a letter being written by you? Active voice-Why are they discussing a trifiling matter?
Passive voice- Why is a trifiling matter being discussed by them?
Active voice-Why aren't you preparing an important chapte
for the exam?
Passive voice-Why isn't an important chapter for the exam
being prepared by you?
Active voice-Where are you playing cricket everyday? Passive voice-Where is cricket being played by you cricket
everyday?
Active voice - How is she drawing a beautiful picture? Passive voice-How is a beautiful picture being drawn by her Active voice-Why isn't Savitree praying to God" Passive voice-Why isn't God being prayed to by Savitree?
.....
As you make your bed, you must be in it
Active voice-Why aren't Ravindra working out the sums? Passie voice-Why aren't the sums being worked out by
Ravindra
Active voice-Why aren't farmers sowing seeds in the fields"
Passive voice-Why aren't seeds being sown in the fields by
farmers?
Active voice-Where are the children flying kites,
Passive voice- Where are kites being flown by children? Active voice-Why aren't the police searching for the
culprits
Passive voice-Why aren't the culprits being searched for by the police
Active voice- Why are the papers publishing only thrilling
news these days?
Passive voice-Why is only thrilling news being published by
the papers these days? Present perfect tense
Passive voice of 1+1 positive sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice- Subject+have/has+
verb-object
Helping verbs in Passive voice-Have been/has been +
Sentence structure in Passive voice- S.F.O have been/has been+y+by+O.F.S.
Active voice-I have composed poems Passive voice-Poems have been composed by me.
Active voice-We have played cricket
Passive voice-Cricket has been played by us. Active voice-You have read English daily.
Passive voice-English has been read by you daily.
Active voice-Teacher has taught grammar.
Passive voice-Grammar has been taught by teacher.
Active voice-He has helped me in need. Passive voice-I have been helped by him in need.
Active voice-She has helped her mother in house hold work.
Passive voice-Her mother has been helped by her in house
hold work
Active voice-The sun has given us light.
Passive voice-We have been given light by the sun Active voice-Farmers have ploughed the lands in summer.
Passive voice-The lands have been ploughed by farmers in
Summer
Active voice-Students have played many types of games in rocess
Passive voice-Many types of games have been played by students in recess
Active voice-Parents have longed for the children's good. Pansive voice-The children's good has been longed for by parenis
Active voice-I have viewed this movie.
Passive voice-This movie has been liked by me. Active voice-We have done our duty in time.
Passive voice-Our duty has been done by us in time. Active voice- You have spoken the truth.
Passive voice-The truth has been spoken by you.
Active voice-She has sung songs.
Passive voice-Songs have been sung by her
Active voice-The honest persons have kept their words
kept by them
Passive voice - The words of the honest persons have been
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice- Subject+have/has+
......
Bad herdsmen nun
not+verb'+object.
Helping verbs in Passive voice-Have/has been+not+ y
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.EO have/has not been+y+by+O.ES
Active voice-I have not taken your pen. Passive voice-Your pen has not been taken by me.
Active voice-We have not collected donations for the Tsunami victims.
Passive voice-Donations for the Tsunami victims have not been collected by us.
Active voice- You have not brought glory to the country.
you
Active voice-Gouri has not won a prize in the Inter School
Passive voice-Glory to the country has not been brought by Active voice-Gourav has not helped me financially Passive voice-I have not been helped financially by Gourav
Debate Competition
Passive voice-A prize in the Inter School Debate Competition has not been won by Gouri.
infiltrators.
Active voice-The B.S.F jawans have not caught all the Passive voice - All the infiltrators have not been caught by
the B.S.F jawans
Active voice-Has Krishna misused time? Passive voice - Has time been misused by Krishna?
Active voice - Has teacher beaten the students? Passive voice-Have the students been beaten by teacher?
Active voice-Have I made this mistake? Passive voice-Has this mistake been made by me?
Active voice-Has the teacher completed the portion? Passive voice - Has the portion been ccompleted by the
teacher?
Active voice-Has the cook cooked meals today? Passive voice-Have meals been cooked by the cook today
Passive voice of "Wh' [?] Interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice-Wh'word++have/
?
has subject+verb'+object? Helping verbs in Passive voice-Have been/has been+v3?
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
"Wh' word+have/has+S.F.O+ been+y+by+O.F.S?
Active voice-Why have you taken my pen? Passive voice - Why has my pen been taken by you? Active voice - Why haven't you collected donations for the
Tsunami victims?
Passive voice- Why haven't donations for the Tsunami
victims been collected by you?
Active voice-Who has brought glory to the country? Passive voice-By whom has glory to the country been
brought?
Or, Who has glory to the country been brought by?
Active voice - Who has helped you financially? Passive voice - By whom have you been helped financially? Active voice-Why hasn't Gouri won a prize in the Inter
School Debate Competition? Passive voice- Why hasn't a prize in the Inter School Debate
Competition been won by Gouri? Active voice - Where
have the B.S.F jawans caught all the
infiltrators?
Passive voice - Where have all the infiltrators been caught by the B.S.F jawans?
.....
Bad laws are the worst sort of tyranny.
Active voice- Why haven't the govt of India provided
subsidies to the poor farmers?
Passive voice-Why haven't subsidies to the poor been provided by the govt of India?
farmers
Active voice. When has our school bagged the trophy in the Inter School Cricket Tournament?
Passive voice- When has the trophy in the Inter School
Cricket been bagged by our school? Active voice-Why have they made Rakesh the class
monitor"
Passive voice - Why has Rakesh been made the class monitor
by them? Active voice-When has Krishna misused time?
Passive voice-When has time been misused by Krishna?
Past simple tense
Passive voice of [+] positive sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-Subject+verb2+object. Helping verbs in Passive voice- Was/were+y
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+was/weret+by+0.F.S.
Active voice - I wrote a letter yesterday.
Passive voice-A letter was written by me yesterday. Active voice- We plucked flowers.
Passive voice-Flowers were plucked by us. Active voice- You rang the door bell.
Passive voice-The door bell was rung by you.
Active voice-Geeta washed her dresses.
Passive voice-Gita's dresses were washed by her.
Active voice-Deepak drank a cup of coffee.
Passive voice - A cup of tea was drunk by Deepak. Active voice-Mother scolded me.
Passive voice - I was scolded by mother.
Active voice-Students wasted time.
Passive voice-Time was wasted by students.
Active voice- Children played a mischief. Passive voice - A mischief was played by children.
Active voice India won the final match in the World Cup. 1983.
Passive voice-The final match was won by India in the
World Cup, 1983.
Active voice - Doctors treated the patients. Passive voice- The patients were treated by doctors.
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-
Subject+did+not+verb1+object. Helping verbs in Passive voice- Was/were +not+ y
Sentence structure in Passive voice- S.F.O+was/were+not+v+hy+O.ES.
Active voice- I did not write a letter yesterday. Passive voice- A letter was not written by me yesterday.
Active voice- We did not pluck flowers.
Passive voice-Flowers were not plucked by us.
Active voice- You did not ring the doorbell. Passive voice-The doorbell was not rung by you.
Active voice-Geeta did not wash her dresses.
Passive voice-Gita's dresses were not washed by her. Active voice-Deepak did not drink a cup of coffee.
Passive voice-A cup of tea was not drunk by Deepak
Active voice-Mother did not scold me Passive voice-I was not scolded by mother.
......
Black will take no other hue.
Active voice-Students did not waste time.
Passive voice-Time was not wasted by students.
Active voice-Children did not play a mischief.
Passive voice- A mischief was not played by children. Active voice-India did not win the final match in the World
Cup, 2003,
Passive voice-The final match was not won by India in the
World Cup, 2003. Active voice - Doctors did not treat the patients because of
strike Passive voice - The patients were not treated by doctors
because of strike Passive voice of Verbal [?] Interrogative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-
Did+subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Was/were+ w
Sentence structure in Passive voice- Was/were+S.F.O+v+by+O.ES?
Active voice - Did the papers publish impartial news?
Passive voice - Was impartial news published by the papers? Active voice - Did the peon sweep the office?
Passive voice - Was the office swept by the peon?
Active voice-Did Gandhiji mislead the Indian people? Passive voice-Were the Indian people misled by Gandhiji?
Active voice - Did the gardener water the plants?
Passive voice- Were the plants watered by the gardener? Active voice - Did the postman deliver the letters in time?
Passive voice-Were the letters delivered by the postman in
time?
Active voice - Did the teacher correct the exam papers in
time? Passive voice - Were the exam papers corrected by the
teacher in time?
Active voice - Did you write a letter yesterday? Passive voice - Was a letter written by you yesterday?
Active voice - Did we pluck flowers? Passive voice - Were flowers plucked by us?
Active voice - Did you ring the doorbell?
Passive voice - Was the doorbell rung by you? Active voice-Did Geeta wash her dresses?
Passive voice - Were Gita's dresses washed by her? Passive voice of 'Wh' [?] Interrogative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice- "Wh' word+ did+ subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice - Was/were+ Sentence structure in Passive voice- Wh' word+was/were+S.FO+++by+O.F.S?
Active voice-Why did the papers publish partial news? Passive voice- Why was partial news published by the papers?
Active voice - When did the peon sweep the office? Passive voice - When was the office swept by the peon Active voice - Where did Gandhiji mislead the Indian
people? Passive voice - Where were the Indian people misled by Gandhiji?
Active voice- When did the gardener water the plants? Passive voice- When were the plants watered by the
gardener? Active voice-Why didn't the postman deliver the letters in
......
F
Name Of The Chapters
1.
Tense
PART ONE
2. Question Tag. (Q.T)
3. Change The Voice (C.V.)
4.
Change The Narration
6.
5. Degree Of Comparison Remove 'Too..... To' And 'Too'
7. 8.
Remove 'Unless' Remove 'Until'
9.
Remove 'As Soon As/When' Use Of Hardly...When 10.
11.
Use Of Correlatives
12.
13.
From Affirmative To Negative (-)
From Assertive To Exclamatory (1)
14.
15.
From Assertive To Interrogative (?)
16.
Clauses
Simple, Compound And Complex Sentences
Additional Examples On Simple, Compound And Complex Sentences
17.
18. The Gerund
19. The Participle
20. The Infinitive
21. Use Of Do, Have And Modal Auxiliaries
22. 23. Figures Of Speech Lines Liable To Be Confused
24. Degrees Of Adjectives Forms Of The Verbs
.....
Always put worry in its proper place out of your life.
1.Tense
The word tense comes from the Latin word
"Tempus' which means Time. Definition of tense. Tense is the form of a verb that shows the time of an action and its degree of
completeness
Classification of tense:- Tense is of three types:
1) Present tense 2) Past tense
3) Future tense According to the degree of an action's completeness each tense is classified into four
types:
1) Simple/Indefinite
2
) Continuous/Progressive / Imperfect
3) Perfect
4) Perfect Continuous/Perfect Progressive
Present Simple Tense
Rules
Positive: 1+1 Sub+ v1.
Negative:-- Sub + do not / does not+vi. Interrogative: [2] Do / Does + sub + v1?
Negative interrogative [-?] Don't/ doesn't + sub + v1? Or. [-2] Do/ does+ sub +not+v1?
Singular Number Plural Number
1 person
1 person [+] We go
1+11 go
(-) I do not go Do I go?
1-1 We do not go
[?] Do we go?
[-7) Don't I go? or - Do I not go?
1-7] Don't we go?,or 1-? Do we not go
20 person [+] You go.
2 person 1+1 You go.
1-1 You do not go Do you go?
1- You do not go [?] Do you go?
1-1 Don't you go?
1- Don't you go?
1-71 Do you not go? 1-1 Do you not go?
person
person
[+] He/she/it goes
[+] They go.
1-1 He/she/it does not go. [-] They do not go 171 Does he/she/it go? 171 Do they go?
- Doesn't he/she/it go
? [-] Don't they go? 1-1 Does/she/it not go? -? Do they not go?
Present continuous tense
Rules
[+] Sub+is/am/are+(v) ing).
1-1 Sub+is/am/are+not+v (ing).
[?] Is/am/are sub+v (ing)?)
1-7) Isn't/aren't/aren't + sub +v (ing)7, or
(-?) Is/am/are+ sub+not+v (ing)?
Singular Number
Plural Number 1 person
1 person
[+] I am going
[+] We are going 1-1 We are not going
-I am not going Am I going
[7] Are we going?
1- Aren't I going? 1-21 Am I not going?
1-7) Aren't we going?
1-7] Are we not going
2 person
2 person
[+] You are going
1+1 You are going
1-1 You are not going.
(- You are not going
......An acute word cuts deeper than a sharp weapon.
[?] Are you going? [-?] Aren't you going?
[?] Are you going?
1-71 Aren't you going? [-] Are you not going?
1-7] Are you not going? 3rd person
3rd person
[+] He/she/it is going.
1+] They are going.
[-]
He/she/it is not going. [-] They are not going [?] Are they going?
[?] Is he/she/it going?
1-?] Isn't he/she/it going? 1-?] Aren't they going" ? 1-21 Are they not going?
1-1 Is he/she/it not going Present perfect tense
Rules => [+] Sub + have/has + v3.
1-1 Sub + have/has+not+v3. [?] Have/has+ sub + v3?
[-2] Haven't/hasn't + sub + v3?, or
[-?] Have/has+ sub + not + v3? Singular Number
Plural Number
1 person [+] I have gone.
1 person
[+] We have gone.
[-] I have not gone, [?] Have I gone?
[-] We have not gone. [?] Have we gone?
1-?] Haven't I gone? [-2] Have I not gone?
[-?] Haven't we gone?
[-?] Have we not gone? 2nd person
2nd person
[+] You have gone.
[+] You have gone
[-] You have not gone. [?] Have you gone?
[-] You have not gone. [?] Have you gone?
[-2] Haven't you gone? [-?] Have you not gone?
1-2 Haven't you gone?
1-? Have you not gone?
3rd person
3rd person
[+] He/she/it has gone. 1-1 He/she/it has not gone.
[+] You have gone.
1-] They have not gone.
[?] Has he/she/it gone?
[?] Have they gone??
[-2] Hasn't he/she/it gone? [-?] Has he/she/it not gone? [-] Have they not gone?
[-2] Haven't they gone?
Persent perfect continuous tense
Rules => [+] Sub + have been/has been + v(ing).
[-] Sub + have not been/has not been + v(ing).
[?] Have/has+ sub + been + v(ing)? [-2] Haven't/hasn't + sub + been + v(ing)?, or
[-?] Haven't/hasn't + sub + been + v(ing)? Plural Number
Singular Number
1 person
1 person
[+] I have been going. [-] I have not been going.
[+] We have been going. [-] We have not been
going
[7] Have I been going? (-?) Haven't I been going?
[?] Have we been going? [-?] Haven't we been
going?
1-1 Have I not been going? [-?] Have we not been
going? 2nd person
2 person
[+] You have been going. [-] You have not been going
[+] You have been going . [-] You have not been
going.
[?] Have you been going? 1-?] Haven't you been going
[?] Have you been going? ?" [-?] Haven't you been
going?
[-] Have you not been going? [-2] Have you not been going?
........
An annless man is tossed about by circumst fallen dry leaf is blown about to the wind
going?
person
[+] Hershenit has been going
They have been
going
1- He she has not been going
[] They have not been 1 Has he/she been going? Have they been going?
going
1- Hasn't he/she/it been going? 11 Haven't they been 11 Have they not been
going?
1 Has he/she/it not been going?
going?
Past Tense
Past simple tense
Rules => [+] Sub + v1.
1-1 Sub + did + not + v1. (2) Did + sub + v1?
1-2] Didn't + sub + v17, or 1-2) Did + sub + not + v1?
Singular Number 1 person
Plural Number 1 person
[-] I went [-] I did not go.
[+] We went.
[-1 We did not go.
1 Did I go
[?] Did we go? 1-2) Didn't we go?
1-1 Didn't I go?
- Did I not go
1-? Did we not go
2 person [+] You went.
2nd person
[+] You went.
[-] You did not go. [?] Did you go?
(-) You did not go [?] Did you go?
1-7] Didn't you go?
[-] Didn't you go?
[-] Did you not go?
[-2] Did you not go?
30 person
3 person
[+] He/she/it went.
[+] They went.
1-1 He/she/it did not go I Did he/she/it go?
[-] They did not go. [?] Did they go?
- Didn't he/she/it go?
[-] Didn't they go? (-?) Did they not go?
1-
? Did he/she/it not go?
Pasi continuous tense
Rules =>
[+] Sub+was+ were + v(ing).
[-] Sub + was +were + not + v(ing). [?] Was/were + sub + v(ing)?
1-2] Wasn't/weren't sub + v(ing), or
1-?] Was/were + sub + not + v(ing)? Singular Number
Plural Number
1 person
1 person [+] We were going.
+I was going [-] I was not going.
1-] We were not going. [?] Were we going?
[?] Was I going?
1-1 Wasn't I going?
[-] Weren't we going?
1-" Was I not going? 2
[-?] Were we not going? 2 person
person
[+] You were going. [-] You were not going.
[+] You were going.
[-] You were not going,
Were you going? -2] Weren't you going?
[?] Were you going?
[-] Weren't you going? - Were you not going? [-?] Were you not going?
30 person
3 person
+ He/she/it was going
[+] They were going.
........
An angry man opens his mouth and shuts up his eyes
- They were not going
- He/she/it was not going [7] Was he/she/it going?
[2] Were they going? 1-7] Weren't they going?
1-71 Wasn't he/she/it going?
1-71 Were they not going?
1-71 Was he/she/it not going?
Past perfect tense Rules->
1+1 Sub + had+vJ.
1-1 Subhad+not+v3.
[?] Had sub+v3?
1-21 Hadn't+ sub + v37, or
1-21 Had sub+not+v3?
Plural Number
Singular Number
1º person
1 person
[+] We had gone. [-] We had not gone
[+] I had gone
1-11 had not gone. 171 Had I gone?
[?] Had we gone? 1-7) Hadn't we gone?
1-71 Hadn't I gone? [7] Had I not gone?
1-7] Had we not gone?
2nd person [+] You had gone
2 person [+] You had gone.
[-] You had not gone. I Had you gone?
[-] You had not gone.
[7] Had you gone?
[-7] Hadn't you gone? 1-21 Had you not gone?
1-71 Hadn't you gone? (-71 Had you not gone?
3 person
3 person
1+1 He/she/it had gone [-] He/she/it had not gone
[+] They had gone . 1-1 They had not gone
[7] Had he/she/it gone? (-7) Hadn't he/she/it gone?
171 Had they gone?
1-7] Hadn't they gone? [?] Had he/she/it not gone? 1-7] Had they not gone?
Past perfect continuous tense Rules
[+] Sub + had been + v(ing).
1-1 Sub+ had not + been + v(ing). [?] Had sub + been + v(ing)?
1-2] Hadn't sub + been + v(ing)?, or
1-7] Had + sub + not + been + v(ing)? Singular Number
Plural Number
18 дегков
1 person
[+] I had been going [-] 1 had not been going
[+] We had been going (-) We had not been
going
[?] Had I been going? 1-71 Hadn't I been going?
17 Had we been going 1-7] Hadn't we been
going?
[-7] Had I not been going?
1-7) Had we not been
going?
2nd person
2 person
[+] You had been going 1-1 You had not been going
[+] You had been going I-] You had not been
going
[7] Had you been going? 1- Hadn's you been going?
17) Had you been going 1-71 Hadn't you bees
going (-7) Had you not been
[-7] Had you not been going?
going?
2 person
[+] He/she/it had been going 1-1 He/she/it had not been going
1-1 They had not been going.
........
An ass covered with gold is more respected than a good horse with a pack saddle..
[7] Had he/she/it been going? 1-7] Hadn't he/she/it been going
[?] Had they been going? ? [-?] Hadn't they been
going?
1-71 Had he/she/it not been going?
[-7] Had they not been
going?
Future Tense
Future simple tense
Rules
Positive: [+] Sub + shall/will+vl Negative:-1-1 Sub + shall/will+not+vi
Interrogative: [?] shall/will+ sub + v1? Negative interrogative [-2] Shan't/ won't+ sub +
v1?
or, 1-?] Shan't/won't+ sub + v1? Plural Number
Singular Number
1 person
1 person
[+] I shall go.
[+] We shall go.
[-] I shall not go [?] Shall I go?
1-1 We shall not go [?] Shall we go?
[-] Shan't I go? 1-7] Shall I not go?
[-2] Shan't we go? [-2] Shall we not go?
2 person
2nd person
1+1 You will go.
[+] You will go.
[-] You will not go. 171 Will you go?
[-] You will not go. [?] Will you go?
1-21 Won't you go? 1-71 Will you not go?
1-?] Won't you go? [-] Will you not go?
3 person
3 person
[+] He/she/it will go.
[+] They will go.
1-1 He/she/it will not go
[-] They will not go [?] Will they go?
[?] Will he/she/it go?
[-7] Won't he/she/it go? 1-7] Will he/she/it not go?
[-] Won't they go? 1-71 Will they not go?
Future continuous tense Rules->
[+] Sub+ shall/will be + (v) ing). 1-1 Sub + shall/will+not+be+v (ing).
[?] Shall/will+sub+be+v (ing)? 1-7] Shan't/won't sub+be+v (
ing)?, or 1-71 Shall/will+ sub +not+be+v (ing)?
Singular Number
Plural Number
1 person
1 person
1+1 I shall be going
[+] We shall be going
1-1 I shall not be going
1-1 We shall not be going [?] Shall we be going?
II Shall I be going?
1-71 Shan't I be going? [-2] Shall I not be going?
1-71 Shan't we be going? 1-7] Shall we not be
going
? 2nd person
2 person
[+] You will be going
[+] You will be going.
(-) You will not be going
[-] You will not be going
[?] Will you be going?
[7] Will you be going? [?] Won't you be going?
1-71 Won't you be going?
1-71 Will you not be going? [-2] Will you not be going?
3 person
3 person
[+] He/she/it will be going
1+ You will be going. - They will not be
- He/she/it will not be going
going
[?] Will he/she/it be going? 1-7] Won't he/she/it be going?
[7] Will they be going?
1-7] Won't they be going?
......
An imperfect god is man, a perfect ina is god
1-71 Will he/she/it not be going? 1-71 Will
they not be
going?
Future perfect tense
Rules
[+] Sub + shall/will+have+v3.
1- Sub shall/will+have+not+v3.
[?] Shall/will+ sub + have + v37
1-?] Shan't/won't+ sub+have+ v3?, or 1-71 Shall/will sub+not+have+ 37
Singular Number
Plural Number 1 person
1 person
[+] I shall have gone. - I shall not have gone.
[+] We shall have gone shall not have
- We gone.
[?] Shall I have gone?
[7] Shall we have gone?
[-2] Shan't I have gone? [-2] Shall I not have gone?
[-] Shan't we have gonet [?] Shall we not have
gone?
2 person
2 person
[+] You will have gone. - You will not have gone.
[+] You will have gone [-] You will not have
gone.
[?] Will you have gone? [-2] Won't you have gone?
[7] Will you have gone? [-2] Won't you have
gone
1-71 Will you not have gone?
[-] Will you not have gone?
3 person
3 person
+1 He/she/it will have gone
[+] You will have gone. [-] He/she/it will not have gone 1-1 They will not have
gone.
[7] Will he/she/it have gone? [-2] Won't he/she/it have gone?
[?] Will they have gone? -?] Won't they have
gone? -?] Will they not have gone?
1-? Will he/she/it not have gone?
Future perfect continuous tense
Rules 1+1 Sub + shall/will+ have been + v(ing).
1-1 Sub +shall/will+not+ have been + v(ing). 17] Shall/will+ sub + have been + v(ing)?
1-7] Shan't/won't+ sub + have been + v(ing)?, or
1-21 Shall/will+ sub Singular Number
+ not have been + v(ing)? Plural Number
1 person
1 person
[+] I shall have been going
[+] We shall have been
going
[-] I shall not have been going 1-1 We shall not have been going [?] Shall we have been
[7] Shall I have been going?
going?
1-7] Shan't I have been going?
[-7] Shan't we have been
going?
1-21 Shall I not have been going?
[-7] Shall we not have
been going 2 person
2 person
[+] You will have been going
1+ You will have been
going
[-] You will not have been going 1-1 You will not have been going
......
A pony does nor do so much form as a traitor docs
have boon going
171 Will you have b
vie huve been going - Won't you have been
Will you not have been gong-1 Will you
? boce going
Hershorit will have been
11 They will have been
poing
going
1-1 Hasbain will not have
not have
1-1 They will not have
Will he tie it have been 171 Will they have been
been going
po Won't beshe/it have been
going?
1-71 Won't they have been
- Will hershe/it not have been
1. Question Tag (0.1)
going? (71 Will they not have been going?
Question tags are used to reconfirm the statement of
the spiker Question tags are added to assertive and imperative schoes only
laga negative statement takes a positive qt and a posve statement takes a negative q Inqt contracted/short negative form (n't) is used ite
1. dan 1, haven I cic Sometimes affirmative statements containing semi- negative words like, hardly, rare (ly), scarce (ly), barely seldom, little, few take positive qt for their negative
casings Goserally everybody, everyone, somebody, sonicone,
anybody, anyone, each one, nobody are singular in aning, but in qt they take plural pronoun (they) But nothing is always negative as well as singular La case of an imperative sentence qs can either be "will
so Or be won't you? But in case of Let's q1 becomes shall we? I have, has and had are helping verbs they become hasn't and hadn't in qt
But if they are main verbs they can either be haven't?,
hast and hadn't (according to Brush usage) or doesn't? and didn't?(according to American
But the first rule is more appropriate as we follow British
English
As
no contracted negative form, it becomes
The rule of adding a question tag is
Question comms/3a begative contracted form of the verb for a positive statement or a positive helping verb for a negative statement pronoun of the subject on mark (7)
When the subject of the sentence is there, in qt "there" ut come in place of the pronoun Vers Contracted negative forms of the verbs
don' doesn'
dide's
........
An ounce of practice is better than tons of tall talks
Are
Was
Were
Have
Has
Had
Will
Shall
Would
Can
Could
aren't
wasn
weren't
haven't
hasn't
hadn't won't
shan't- wouldn'
can't
couldn't mayn't
mightn't
shouldn't mustn't
needn't
oughtn't won't
wouldn't
shouldn't
couldn't
mustn't
may
Might
Should
Must
Need
Ought to
Will have
Would have
Should have Could have
Must have
Ought to have oughtn't Examples
I like sweets
I like sweets, don't 12 She likes pickles much.
She likes pickles much, doesn't she?
We played cricket yesterday We played cricket yesterday, didn't we?
I am busy now
I am busy now, aren't 17
He is a man of intelligence.
He is a man of intelligence, isn't he?
Students are reading aloud Students are reading aloud, aren't they?
It was raining heavily.
It was raining heavily, wasn't it? Cows were grazing
Cows were grazing, weren't they?
They have reached home. They have reached home, haven't they?
The baby has pissed.
The baby has pissed, hasn't he/it? Farmers had reaped crops.
Farmers had reaped crops, hadn't they? Girls will dance in the party. Girls will dance in the party, won't they?
We shall go on a picnic. We shall go on a picnic, shan't we?
Teachers would teach well
Teachers would teach well, wouldn't they? Will can conquer mountains.
Will can conquer mountains, won't it?
You could speak French well. You could speak French, couldn't you?
I may accompany you
I may accompany you, mayn't I? He might help me.
He might help me, mightn't he?
.......
Anger begins with folly and ends with repentance.
You should be honest.
You should be honest, shouldn't you?
We must pay taxes
We must pay taxes, mustn't we? You need drive carefully.
You need drive carefully, needn't you?
Students ought to rise early. Students ought to rise early, oughtn't they?
We will have done it.
We will have done it, won't we?
I would have passed the test.
I would have passed the test, wouldn't I?
Ram should have solved it
Ram should have solved it, shouldn't he?
Sita could have won the race,
Sita could have won the race, couldn't she?
They must have accepted my proposal.
They must have accepted my proposal, mustn't they?
We ought to have completed our work We ought to have completed our work, oughtn't we?
Confusing Examples
I am busy today
I am busy today, aren't 17
I am not following in his steps.
I am not following in his steps, am 17 Everybody knows him.
Everybody knows him, don't they?
None one came to his rescue. No one came to his rescue.did they?
Nothing happened
Nothing happened, did it?
There is nothing in it. There is nothing in it, is there?
Someone stole his cycle.
Someone stole his cycle, didn't they?
Anvone of them can do it.
Any one of them can do it can't they? Each one of the players was rewarded
Each one of the players was rewarded, weren't they? Water is scarce here
Water is scarce here, is it?
He hardly studies in the evening He hardly studies in the evening does he?
There is little milk in the pot.
There is little milk in the pot. is there?
There is a little milk in the pol There is a little milk in the pot, isn't there?
Few answers were correct.
Few answers were correct, were they?
A few answers were correct.
A few answers were correct, weren't they?
Indian farmers are seldom paid duly. Indian farmers are seldom paid duly, are they?
Computers rarely make errors.
Computers rarely make errors, do Let's play now
Let's play now, shall we?
Have a cup of tea. Have a cup of tea, will/ won't you?
Open the door.
......
A tree laden with fruits is always hit by stones
Open the door, will/won't you?
Don't waste time.
Don't waste time, will/won't you?
Be sincere in duty
Be sincere in duty, you? Speak the truth
Speak the truth, will/won't you?
Don't tell a lic Don't tell a lie, will/won't you?
He knows little about Maths
He knows little about Maths, does he? I know a little about Logic.
I know a little about Logic, don't 17
She has a lovely complexion.
She has a lovely complexion, hasn't she? (British usage) ?
She has a lovely complexion, doesn't she (American usage)
You have a good reputation.
You have a good reputation, haven't you? (British usage)
You have a good reputation, don't you? (American usage)
I had a sound sleep last night.
I had a sound sleep last night, hadn't I? (British usage) I had a sound sleep last night, didn't I?
(American usage) 3. Change The Voice
In English grammar voice is of two types:
1. Active voice
2Passive voice
In active voice the subject is prominent and it does the action.
In passive voice the object is prominent and the action is acted upon.
In active voice the sentence order is- Subject + verb + object,or (s + v + o)
In passive voice the sentence order - S .f.0+h.v v ^ 3 + by
(or other prepositions) + o.f.s
S.f. phi = subject form of the object
4x - 1 helping verb; v ^ 3 =* verb third form 0. f .s- object form of the subject.
In change the voice the active verb must be
transitive
The verbs of future continuous tense and present/ past/future perfect continuous tenses cannot be changed into
passive voice.
Subject Object
me/to me
We
us/to us
You
you to you
He
him/to him
She
her/to her
them/to them
Ram
Ram/to Ram
Sita
Sita/to Sita
This
this to this
......
Anybody can make history, only a great man can write it.
it/to it
that/to that
these/to these
those/to those
That
These
Those
Tense-wise change the voice
Present Tense
Present simple Tense
Passive voice of [+] positive sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice - Subject+verb1+object. Helping verbs in Passive voice - Is/am/are+y
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+is/am/are+v+by+0. F.S. Active voice 1 compose poems.
Passive voice-Poems are composed by me
Active voice-We like cricket very much
Passive voice- Cricket is very much liked by us Or. Cricket is liked by us very much.
Active voice-You read English daily. Passive voice-English is read by you daily
Active voice-Teacher teaches grammar twice a week.
Passive voice-Grammar is taught by teacher twice a week. Active voice-He helps me in need.
Passive voice- I am helped by him in need Active voice-She helps her mother in house hold work.
Passive voice-Her mother is helped by her in house hold
work
Active voice-The sun gives light.
Passive voice-Light is given (to) by the sun
Active voice-Farmers plough the lands in summer
Passive voice-The lands are ploughed by farmers in summer. Active voice-Students play many types of games.
Passive voice - Many types of games are played by students
Active voice-Parents long for the children's good.
Passive voice-The children's good is longed for by parents.
Active voice- I like movies. Passive voice-Movies are liked by me.
Active voice- We do our duty in time. Passive voice - Our duty is done by us in time.
Active voice- You speak the truth.
Passive voice-The truth is spoken by you. Active voice-She sings songs
Passive voice-Songs are sung by her. Active voice -The honest persons keep their words.
Passive voice - The words of the honest persons are kept by them.
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice - Subject+do/ does+not+verb1+object.
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are+not+v Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+is/am/are+y+by+0.F.S. Active voice I do not compose poems.
Passive voice-Poems are not composed by me
Active voice - We do not like cricket very much
Passive voice - Cricket is not very much liked by us Or. Cricket is not liked by us very much.
Active voice- You do not read English daily Passive voice-English is not read by you daily,
Active voice-Teacher does not teach grammar twice a week. Passive voice-Grammar is not taught by teacher twice a
week.
.......
Art lies in concealing art.
Active voice-He does not help me in need
Passive voice-1 am not helped by him in need Active voice-She does not help her mother in house hold
work
voice-Her mother is not helped by her in house
hold work
Passive
Active voice-I do not help the miscreants. Passive voice-Miscreants are not helped by me.
Active voice-Farmers do not plough the lands in summer. Passive voice-The lands are not ploughed by farmers in
Active voice-Students do not play one type of games in
recess
Passive voice-One typeof game is not played by students in
Active voice-Parents do not think of the children's bad
Passive voice-The children's bad is not thought of by
parents
Active voice-I do not do like movies
Passive voice-Movies are not liked by me.
Active voice-We do not do our duty in time.
Passive vofce-Our duty is not done by us in time. Active voice-You do not speak the truth Passive voice-The truth is not spoken by you
Active voice-She does not sing songs Passive voice-Songs are sung by her
Active voice-The dishonest persons do not keep their words. Passive voice-The words of the dishonest persons are not
kept by theat
Passive voice of Verball?] Interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice-
Do does subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice-Is/am/are+ Sentence structure in Passive voice-
Is/am/are+S.FO+y+by+0.F.S? Active voice-Do I compose poems?
Passive voice-Are poems composed by me?
Active voice-Do we like cricket very much? Passive voice- Is cricket very much liked by us?
Or. Is cricket liked by us very much? Active voice-Do you read English daily? Passive voice-Is English read by you daily?
Active voice-Does teacher teach grammar twice a week?
Passive voice- Is grammar taught by teacher twice a week?
Active voice-Does he help me in need? Passive voice-Am I helped by him in need?
Active voice-Does she help her mother in house holdwork Passive voice-Is her mother helped by her in house hold
work?
Active voice-Do the stars give light?
Passive voice-Is light given by the stars?
Active voice-Do farmers plough the lands in summer? Passive voice- Are the lands ploughed by farmers in summer?
in recess?
Active voice-Do students play many types of games in recess? Passive voice-Are many types of games played by students
Active voice-Do parents long for the children's bad? Passive voice-Is the children's bad longed for by parents? Active voice-Do I like movies?
Passive voice-Are movies liked by me? Active voice-Do we do our duty in time?
.....
As is the mind so is the life of man.
Passive voice - Is our duty done by us in time?
Active voice-Do you speak the truth? Passive voice-Is the truth spoken by you?
Active voice-Does she sing songs? Passive voice - Are songs sung by her
Active voice-Do the dishonest persons keep their words?
Passive voice - Are the words of the dishonest persons kept by
them?
Passive voice of 'WH' [?] Interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice- 'Wh' word+do/
does+subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are + Sentence structure in Passive voice-
Wh' word+is/am/are +S.E.O++by+O.F.S? Active voice-How do you compose poems?
Passive voice-How are poems composed by you?
Active voice-Why do Indians like cricket so much? Passive voice-Why is cricket so much liked by Indians?
Or, Why is cricket liked by Indians so much? Active voice-Why don't you read English daily?
Passive voice- Why isn't English read by you daily?
Active voice-Who teaches grammar?
Passive voice-By whom is grammar taught? Or Who is grammar taught by?
Active voice-When does he do this?
Passive voice- When is this done by him? Active voice-Where do they play matches? Active voice-What problems do you face in day to day life? Passive voice - What problems are faced by you in day to day
Passive voice-Where are matches played by them?
life?
Active voice-Which pen do you like?
Passive voice-Which pen is liked by you? Present continuous tense
Passive voice of [+] positive sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-Subject+is/am/ are+ v(ing)+object.
Helping verbs in Passive voice - Is/am/are+being +
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+ is/am/are+being+v+by+0.F.S. Active voice - I am writing a letter to my father.
Passive voice-A letter to my father is being written by me. Active voice-We are discussing a serious matter. Passive voice- A serious matter is being discussed by us.
Active voice-You are preparing an important chapter for the exam. Passive voice- An important chapter for the exam is being
prepared by you
Active voice-He is catching the ball very well.
Passive voice-The ball is being very well caught by him. Active voice-She is drawing a beautiful picture. Passive voice-A beautiful picture is being drawn by her.
Active voice-Savitree is praying to God. Passive voice-God is being prayed to by Savitree.
Active voice-Ravindra is working out sums.
Passive voice-Sums are being worked out by Ravindra. Active voice- Farmers are sowing seeds in the fields.
Passive voice-Seeds are being sown by farmers. Active voice-Children are flying kites.
Passive voice-Kites are being flown by children.
Active voice- The police are searching for the culprits.
.......
As is the mind so is the view of the world
Passive voice-Culprits are being searched for by the police Active voice-The papers are publishing thrilling news these
days.
Passive voice-Thrilling news is being published by the
papers these days
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice-Subject+is/am/
are+not+v(ing) +object. Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are+not+being+
Sentence structure in Passive voice- SEO+is/am/are not being+by+0.E.S.
Active voice-1 am not writing a letter to my father
Passive voice-A letter to my father is not being written my
me
Active voice- We are not discussing a serious matter
Passive voice- A serious matter is not being discussed by us Active voice- You are not preparing an important chapter for
the exam
Passive voice-An important chapter for the exam. is not being prepared by you.
Active voice-He is not catching the ball very well him
Passive voice-The ball is not being very well caught by Active voice - She is not drawing a beautiful picture
Passive voice - A beautiful picture is not being drawn by her
Active voice-Savitree is not doing homework. Passive voice-Homework is not being done by Savitree.
Active voice-Ravindra is not working out the sums Passive voice-The sums are not being worked out by Ravindra. Active voice. Farmers are not sowing seeds in the fields.
Passive voice-Seeds are not being sown by farmers.
Active voice - Children are not flying kites.
Passive voice - Kites are not being flown by children Active voice- The police are not searching for the culprits
Passive voice-Culprits are not being searched for by the
police.
Active voice-The papers are not publishing less thrilling
news these days.
Passive voice-Less thrilling news is not being published by the papers these days.
Passive voice of 'Wh'[?] interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice -'Wh'word-is/am/
are subject+v(ing)+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Is/am/are+being+ Sentence structure in Passive voice- Wh'werd+is/am/are+S.FO+being+y+by+O.ES?
Active voice-Whom are you writing a letter? Passive voice-Whom is a letter being written by you? Active voice-Why are they discussing a trifiling matter?
Passive voice- Why is a trifiling matter being discussed by them?
Active voice-Why aren't you preparing an important chapte
for the exam?
Passive voice-Why isn't an important chapter for the exam
being prepared by you?
Active voice-Where are you playing cricket everyday? Passive voice-Where is cricket being played by you cricket
everyday?
Active voice - How is she drawing a beautiful picture? Passive voice-How is a beautiful picture being drawn by her Active voice-Why isn't Savitree praying to God" Passive voice-Why isn't God being prayed to by Savitree?
.....
As you make your bed, you must be in it
Active voice-Why aren't Ravindra working out the sums? Passie voice-Why aren't the sums being worked out by
Ravindra
Active voice-Why aren't farmers sowing seeds in the fields"
Passive voice-Why aren't seeds being sown in the fields by
farmers?
Active voice-Where are the children flying kites,
Passive voice- Where are kites being flown by children? Active voice-Why aren't the police searching for the
culprits
Passive voice-Why aren't the culprits being searched for by the police
Active voice- Why are the papers publishing only thrilling
news these days?
Passive voice-Why is only thrilling news being published by
the papers these days? Present perfect tense
Passive voice of 1+1 positive sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice- Subject+have/has+
verb-object
Helping verbs in Passive voice-Have been/has been +
Sentence structure in Passive voice- S.F.O have been/has been+y+by+O.F.S.
Active voice-I have composed poems Passive voice-Poems have been composed by me.
Active voice-We have played cricket
Passive voice-Cricket has been played by us. Active voice-You have read English daily.
Passive voice-English has been read by you daily.
Active voice-Teacher has taught grammar.
Passive voice-Grammar has been taught by teacher.
Active voice-He has helped me in need. Passive voice-I have been helped by him in need.
Active voice-She has helped her mother in house hold work.
Passive voice-Her mother has been helped by her in house
hold work
Active voice-The sun has given us light.
Passive voice-We have been given light by the sun Active voice-Farmers have ploughed the lands in summer.
Passive voice-The lands have been ploughed by farmers in
Summer
Active voice-Students have played many types of games in rocess
Passive voice-Many types of games have been played by students in recess
Active voice-Parents have longed for the children's good. Pansive voice-The children's good has been longed for by parenis
Active voice-I have viewed this movie.
Passive voice-This movie has been liked by me. Active voice-We have done our duty in time.
Passive voice-Our duty has been done by us in time. Active voice- You have spoken the truth.
Passive voice-The truth has been spoken by you.
Active voice-She has sung songs.
Passive voice-Songs have been sung by her
Active voice-The honest persons have kept their words
kept by them
Passive voice - The words of the honest persons have been
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice- Subject+have/has+
......
Bad herdsmen nun
not+verb'+object.
Helping verbs in Passive voice-Have/has been+not+ y
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.EO have/has not been+y+by+O.ES
Active voice-I have not taken your pen. Passive voice-Your pen has not been taken by me.
Active voice-We have not collected donations for the Tsunami victims.
Passive voice-Donations for the Tsunami victims have not been collected by us.
Active voice- You have not brought glory to the country.
you
Active voice-Gouri has not won a prize in the Inter School
Passive voice-Glory to the country has not been brought by Active voice-Gourav has not helped me financially Passive voice-I have not been helped financially by Gourav
Debate Competition
Passive voice-A prize in the Inter School Debate Competition has not been won by Gouri.
infiltrators.
Active voice-The B.S.F jawans have not caught all the Passive voice - All the infiltrators have not been caught by
the B.S.F jawans
Active voice-Has Krishna misused time? Passive voice - Has time been misused by Krishna?
Active voice - Has teacher beaten the students? Passive voice-Have the students been beaten by teacher?
Active voice-Have I made this mistake? Passive voice-Has this mistake been made by me?
Active voice-Has the teacher completed the portion? Passive voice - Has the portion been ccompleted by the
teacher?
Active voice-Has the cook cooked meals today? Passive voice-Have meals been cooked by the cook today
Passive voice of "Wh' [?] Interrogative sentences: Sentence structure in Active voice-Wh'word++have/
?
has subject+verb'+object? Helping verbs in Passive voice-Have been/has been+v3?
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
"Wh' word+have/has+S.F.O+ been+y+by+O.F.S?
Active voice-Why have you taken my pen? Passive voice - Why has my pen been taken by you? Active voice - Why haven't you collected donations for the
Tsunami victims?
Passive voice- Why haven't donations for the Tsunami
victims been collected by you?
Active voice-Who has brought glory to the country? Passive voice-By whom has glory to the country been
brought?
Or, Who has glory to the country been brought by?
Active voice - Who has helped you financially? Passive voice - By whom have you been helped financially? Active voice-Why hasn't Gouri won a prize in the Inter
School Debate Competition? Passive voice- Why hasn't a prize in the Inter School Debate
Competition been won by Gouri? Active voice - Where
have the B.S.F jawans caught all the
infiltrators?
Passive voice - Where have all the infiltrators been caught by the B.S.F jawans?
.....
Bad laws are the worst sort of tyranny.
Active voice- Why haven't the govt of India provided
subsidies to the poor farmers?
Passive voice-Why haven't subsidies to the poor been provided by the govt of India?
farmers
Active voice. When has our school bagged the trophy in the Inter School Cricket Tournament?
Passive voice- When has the trophy in the Inter School
Cricket been bagged by our school? Active voice-Why have they made Rakesh the class
monitor"
Passive voice - Why has Rakesh been made the class monitor
by them? Active voice-When has Krishna misused time?
Passive voice-When has time been misused by Krishna?
Past simple tense
Passive voice of [+] positive sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-Subject+verb2+object. Helping verbs in Passive voice- Was/were+y
Sentence structure in Passive voice-
S.F.O+was/weret+by+0.F.S.
Active voice - I wrote a letter yesterday.
Passive voice-A letter was written by me yesterday. Active voice- We plucked flowers.
Passive voice-Flowers were plucked by us. Active voice- You rang the door bell.
Passive voice-The door bell was rung by you.
Active voice-Geeta washed her dresses.
Passive voice-Gita's dresses were washed by her.
Active voice-Deepak drank a cup of coffee.
Passive voice - A cup of tea was drunk by Deepak. Active voice-Mother scolded me.
Passive voice - I was scolded by mother.
Active voice-Students wasted time.
Passive voice-Time was wasted by students.
Active voice- Children played a mischief. Passive voice - A mischief was played by children.
Active voice India won the final match in the World Cup. 1983.
Passive voice-The final match was won by India in the
World Cup, 1983.
Active voice - Doctors treated the patients. Passive voice- The patients were treated by doctors.
Passive voice of [-] negative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-
Subject+did+not+verb1+object. Helping verbs in Passive voice- Was/were +not+ y
Sentence structure in Passive voice- S.F.O+was/were+not+v+hy+O.ES.
Active voice- I did not write a letter yesterday. Passive voice- A letter was not written by me yesterday.
Active voice- We did not pluck flowers.
Passive voice-Flowers were not plucked by us.
Active voice- You did not ring the doorbell. Passive voice-The doorbell was not rung by you.
Active voice-Geeta did not wash her dresses.
Passive voice-Gita's dresses were not washed by her. Active voice-Deepak did not drink a cup of coffee.
Passive voice-A cup of tea was not drunk by Deepak
Active voice-Mother did not scold me Passive voice-I was not scolded by mother.
......
Black will take no other hue.
Active voice-Students did not waste time.
Passive voice-Time was not wasted by students.
Active voice-Children did not play a mischief.
Passive voice- A mischief was not played by children. Active voice-India did not win the final match in the World
Cup, 2003,
Passive voice-The final match was not won by India in the
World Cup, 2003. Active voice - Doctors did not treat the patients because of
strike Passive voice - The patients were not treated by doctors
because of strike Passive voice of Verbal [?] Interrogative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice-
Did+subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice- Was/were+ w
Sentence structure in Passive voice- Was/were+S.F.O+v+by+O.ES?
Active voice - Did the papers publish impartial news?
Passive voice - Was impartial news published by the papers? Active voice - Did the peon sweep the office?
Passive voice - Was the office swept by the peon?
Active voice-Did Gandhiji mislead the Indian people? Passive voice-Were the Indian people misled by Gandhiji?
Active voice - Did the gardener water the plants?
Passive voice- Were the plants watered by the gardener? Active voice - Did the postman deliver the letters in time?
Passive voice-Were the letters delivered by the postman in
time?
Active voice - Did the teacher correct the exam papers in
time? Passive voice - Were the exam papers corrected by the
teacher in time?
Active voice - Did you write a letter yesterday? Passive voice - Was a letter written by you yesterday?
Active voice - Did we pluck flowers? Passive voice - Were flowers plucked by us?
Active voice - Did you ring the doorbell?
Passive voice - Was the doorbell rung by you? Active voice-Did Geeta wash her dresses?
Passive voice - Were Gita's dresses washed by her? Passive voice of 'Wh' [?] Interrogative sentences:
Sentence structure in Active voice- "Wh' word+ did+ subject+verb1+object?
Helping verbs in Passive voice - Was/were+ Sentence structure in Passive voice- Wh' word+was/were+S.FO+++by+O.F.S?
Active voice-Why did the papers publish partial news? Passive voice- Why was partial news published by the papers?
Active voice - When did the peon sweep the office? Passive voice - When was the office swept by the peon Active voice - Where did Gandhiji mislead the Indian
people? Passive voice - Where were the Indian people misled by Gandhiji?
Active voice- When did the gardener water the plants? Passive voice- When were the plants watered by the
gardener? Active voice-Why didn't the postman deliver the letters in
......
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