CHAPTER: 1 A. Synthesis
ASSIGNMENT
A. Join each of
the following pairs of sentences without using and, but or so.
1. He passed the examination. He won a scholarship.
Ans. Apart from/Besides passing the examination, he won a scholarship. (Simple)
Ans. He not only passed the examination but also won a scholarship. (Compound)
Ans. He passed the examination as well as won a scholarship. (Compound)
Ans. As he passed the examination, he won a scholarship. (Complex)
2. The referee has arrived. They should get ready for the match.
Ans. The referee having arrived, they should get ready for the match. (Simple)
Ans. The referee has arrived; therefore they should get ready for the match. (Compound)
Ans. They should get ready for the match, for the referee has arrived. (Compound)
Ans. As/Since the referee has arrived; they should get ready for the match. (Complex)
Ans. They should get ready for the match, for the referee has arrived. (Complex)
3. My friend is not a judge He is not a lawyer.
Ans. My friend is neither a judge nor a lawyer. (Simple)
Ans. My friend is not either a judge or a lawyer. (Simple)
Ans. My friend is not a judge, he is not a lawyer either. (Compound)
Ans. It’s a fact that my friend is neither a judge nor a lawyer. (Complex)
4. He has high fever. He cannot take part in games.
Ans. Owing to having high fever, he cannot take part in games. (Simple)
Ans. He cannot take part in games for having high fever. (Simple)
Ans. He has high fever; therefore/hence he cannot take part in games. (Compound)
Ans. He cannot take part in games, for he has high fever. (Compound)
Ans. As/Since he has high fever; he cannot take part in games. (Complex)
Ans. He cannot take part in games because he has high fever. (Complex)
5. I am rude sometimes. My friends love me.
Ans. Despite/In spite of my rudeness sometimes, my friends love me. (Simple)
Ans. In spite of/Despite my being rude sometimes, my friends love me. (Simple)
Ans. I am rude sometimes, however/still my friends love me. (Compound)
Ans. Although I am rude sometimes, yet my friends love me. (Complex)
Ans. Notwithstanding that I am rude sometimes, my friends love me. (Complex)
6. He did not come to school. He did not send in an application.
Ans. Despite/In spite of not coming to school, he did not send in an application. (Simple)
Ans. He neither came to school nor sent in an application. (Compound)
Ans. Neither did he come to school, nor did he send in an application. (Compound)
Ans. He did not come to school, still he did not send in an application. (Compound)
Ans. Though he did not come to school, he did not send in an application. (Complex)
7. He was hurt. He helped the victims.
Ans. In spite of/Despite being hurt, he helped the victims. (Simple)
Ans. He was hurt, yet/still/nevertheless he helped the victims. (Compound)
Ans. Although he was hurt, he helped the victims. (Complex)
Ans. Notwithstanding that he was hurt, he helped the victims. (Complex)
8. Do your work diligently. Leave my service.
Ans. On your failure to do your work diligently, you must leave my service. (Simple)
Ans. On failing to do your work diligently, you must leave my service. (Simple)
Ans. Either you do your work diligently or you leave my service. (Compound)
Ans. Unless you do your work diligently, you must leave my service. (Complex)
B. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences according to the directions given in brackets.
1.They could hardly see each other. It was very dark.( Use: so...that)
Ans. It was so dark that they could hardly see each other.
2. It is a difficult task. I cannot do it. (Use: too)
Ans. It is too difficult a task for me to do.
3. He received my message. Immediately he came to see me. (Use: As soon as)
Ans. As soon as he received my message, he came to see me.
4. You will succeed. You must work hard. (Use: Unless)
Ans. Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.
5. The man is a cheat. We met him in the bank. (Use: whom)
Ans. The man, whom we met him in the bank, is a cheat.
6. Tagore was a painter. He was also a poet. (Use: besides)
Ans. Besides being a painter, Tagore was a poet.
7. Do not steal. Stealing is a crime. (Use: since.)
Ans. Since stealing is a crime, you should not steal.
Ans. Since stealing is a crime, you must avoid it.
8. You must pass the exam. Your future depends on it. (Use: since)
Ans. Since your future depends on the exam., you must pass it.
9. Angels fear to tread in some places. Fools rush in there.(Use: where)
Ans. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
10. He lost all his money. He persevered. (Use: nevertheless)
Ans. He lost all his money nevertheless he persevered.
Question 5
i. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in the brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order, the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) Dishing
.....0..... (Dish) out a performance for the ages, India's men's badminton team.......1...... (lift) the Thomas Cup title with a.....2.......... (command) 3-0 win over powerhouse Indonesia in May 2022, a historic triumph that......3...... (enhance) country's status in the sport.
World Championships medalist Lakshya Sen, Kidambi Srikanth and doubles players Chirag Shetty and Satwiksairaj Rankireddy....4....... (deliver) when it .....5..... (matter) most, as they .....6.... (stun) the 14-time champions......7...... (win) the prestigious team championship for the first time ever.
An incredible week culminated in a fitting manner for Indian badminton as the country had never reached the summit clash of the world's most prestigious team event before. The underdog Indian side had not even reached the last-four stage since 1979. But this time they ended up.....8....... (upset) the formidable Malaysia and Denmark en route the summit clash.
Ans. 0 – Dishing, 1 – lifted, 2 – commanding, 3 – enhanced/would enhance, 4 – delivered, 5 – mattered, 6 – stunned, 7 – winning, 8 – upsetting
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Rain is a symbol ……hope.
(b) The government came …… heavily on smugglers.
(c) The old man is too miserly to part...... his money.
(d) My family has no savings to fall back …… .
(e) How do you convert gallons …….. litres?
(f) I put …. ..some money every month.
(g) Being a beginner I won't be able to keep …… that speed.
(h) The old man mistook that child...... his grandson.
Ans. (a) – of, (b) – on, (c) - with, (d) – on, (e) - to, (f) - aside, (g) – up, (h) - for
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using and, but or so Choose the correct option.
1. My brother fell asleep. He was reading a novel.
(a) Since my brother was reading a novel, he fell asleep.
(b) My brother fell asleep since he was reading a novel.
(c) My brother fell asleep while he was reading a novel.
(d) My brother fell asleep while reading novel.
Ans. (c) My brother fell asleep while he was reading a novel.
Ans. (d) My brother fell asleep while reading novel.
2. The bell rang. All the pupils immediately left the school.
(a) All the pupils immediately left the school because the bell rang.
(b) As soon as the bell rang, all the pupils left the school.
(c) As soon as the bell rung, all the pupils left the school.
(d) Since the bell rang, all the pupils immediately left the school.
Ans. (b) As soon as the bell rang, all the pupils left the school.
3. He made an error in calculation. He was careless.
(a) He made an error in calculation as he was careless.
(b) He was careless and he made an error in calculation.
(c) He carelessly made an error in calculation.
(d) That was careless that he will make an error in calculation.
Ans. (c) He carelessly made an error in calculation.
Ans. (a) He made an error in calculation, for he was careless.
4. She became cheerful. She heard the news of her brother's success.
(a) She became cheerful as soon as hearing the news of her brother's success.
(b) She became cheerful on hearing the news of her brother's success.
(c) She became cheerful upon hearing the news of her brother's success.
(d) She heard the news of her brother's success hence she became cheerful.
Ans. (d) On hearing the news of her brother's success, she became cheerful.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. Eva thought that the examination would be held later. (Begin: Eva was....)
(a) Eva was thinking about the examination would be held later.
(b) Eva was in thought the examination would be held later.
(c) Eva was in thought that the examination would be held later.
(d) Eva was under the impression that the examination would be held later.
.Ans. (d) Eva was under the impression that the examination would be held later.
2. I have wanted to be a doctor for a long time. (Use: ambition)
(a) I have an ambition to be a doctor for a long time.
(b) It is my ambition to be a doctor for a long time.
(c) It has long been my ambition to be doctor.
(d) It has been my ambition of becoming a doctor.
Ans . (c) It has long been my ambition to be doctor.
3. The Manager said to him, "Please remember to bring my bag tomorrow." (Begin: He was ....)
(a) He was told by the manager to remember to bring his bag tomorrow.
(b) He was told by the manager to remember to bring his bag the following day.
(c) He was requested by the manager to remember to remember to bring his bag tomorrow.
(d) He was requested by the manager to remember to bring his bag the following day.
Ans. (d) He was requested by the manager to remember to bring his bag the following day.
4. I last travelled by air when I went to Mumbai. (Begin: I haven't.....)
(a) I haven't last travelled by air since I went to Mumbai.
(b) I haven't last travelled by air since my travel to Mumbai.
(c) I haven't travelled by air since I had to go to Mumbai.
(d) I haven't travelled by air since my travel to Mumbai.
Ans. (b) I haven't travelled by air since my travel to Mumbai.
5. The contest was not difficult that anyone could have taken part. (Use: easy)
(a) The contest was easy and one can take part in it.
(b) The contest was easy enough for anyone to take part.
(c) The contest was too easy for all to participate.
(d) The easy contest could have many participants.
Ans. (b) The contest was easy enough for anyone to take part.
Ans. (or) The contest was so easy that anyone could take part.
6. This was the best movie I had ever enjoyed. (Begin: Never....)
(a) Never had I enjoyed a best movie than this.
(b) Never have I enjoyed a best movie than this.
(c) Never had I enjoyed a better movie than this.
(d) I have never enjoyed a best movie than this.
Ans. (c) Never had I enjoyed a better movie than this.
Ans. (or) Never had I enjoyed so good a movie as this.
7. It is most probable that it will rain today. (Begin: In.....)
(a) In most probabilities, it will rain today.
(b) In all probabilities, it will rain today.
(c) In every probability, it will rain today.
(d) In possible probabilities, it will rain today.
Ans. (b) In all probabilities, it will rain today.
8. Besides passing the examination well, he won the first prize. (Use: not only....but also)
(a) He not only passed the examination well, but also won the first prize.
(b) Not only did he pass the examination, but he also won the first prize.
(c) Not only did he pass the examination, but also win the first prize.
(d) He not only passed the examination well, but also win the first prize.
Ans. (a) He not only passed the examination well, but also won the first prize
Ans. (or) Not only did he pass the examination well, but also he won the first prize.
CHAPTER: 2 A.
Transformation of Sentences (1)
ASSIGNMENT
Rewrite the following according to the instructions given after each sentence. Change only enough to do what you are asked and make a correct sentence .Do not alter the meaning. You have to make your sentence say the same thing in a different way.
1. The mangoes are so costly that you cannot buy them.
Begin The mangoes are too costly……………………….
Ans. The mangoes are too costly to buy.
2. Mona was too poor to pay her school fees.
Begin: Mona was so poor…………………..
Ans. Mona was so poor that she could not pay her school fees.
Ans. Mona was so poor that she was unable/not able to pay her school fees.
3. The girl is too ill to come to school.
Begin: The girl is so ill………………..
Ans. The girl is so ill that she cannot come to school.
Ans. The girl is so ill that she unable/not able to come to school.
4. An honest man is trusted by all.
Begin: All………………………..
Ans. All trust an honest man.
5. One should respect one's parents.
Begin: Parents……………………..
Ans. Parents should be respected.
6. The criminal will be arrested.
End:………………….. the criminal.
Ans. The police will arrest the criminal.
7. I am not so rich as he is.
Begin: He is………………
Ans. He is richer than I (am).
8. Who can forget those happy days?
Begin: No one……………………..
Ans. No one can forget those happy days.
9. Their attitude surprised us.
Begin: We...............................
Ans. We were surprised at their attitude.
10. Shimla is cooler than Dehra Dun.
Begin: Dehra Dun is………………….
Ans. Dehra Dun is not so cool as Shimla.
11. Very few towns are as big as Lucknow.
Begin : Lucknow is......................................
Ans. Lucknow is one of the biggest towns.
Ans. Lucknow is bigger than most other towns.
12. Australia is the smallest continent.
End……………………….. as small as Australia.
Ans. No other continent is as small as Australia.
13. He was dismissed for negligence.
(Use negligent instead of negligence.)
Ans. He was dismissed for being negligent. (Simple)
Ans. He was dismissed, for he was negligent. (Compound)
Ans. He was negligent, so/therefore he was dismissed. (Compound)
Ans. Since/As he was negligent, he was dismissed. (Complex)
Ans. He was dismissed because he was negligent. (Complex)
14. The rats gave us a lot of trouble.
(Use troublesome instead of trouble.)
Ans. The rats were very troublesome for us.
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) won
Jeremy Lalrinnunga, a 19 year old weightlifter from Mizoram, ...0.... (win) the Gold medal after setting Games record in the men's 67 kg weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games 2022. In his first appearance in the Games, Jeremy set a new Commonwealth Games record of 300 kg overall (140 kg snatch and 160 kg in clean and jerk).
Jeremy....1.... (overcame) what....2... (look) like cramps after....3... (set) a new snatch Games record with the 140 kg lift. He....4... (go) for 154 kg in his first attempt in the clean and jerk and fell on his knees on the podium,...5.... (wince) in pain. However, he came out for the second lift and....6... (complete) the successful lift of 160 kg, which was still 7 kg less than his personal best. He went for 165 kg in his 3" attempt but....7.... (suffer) a nasty elbow injury as he fell flat on the podium, wincing in more pain. Although Jeremy, was not able to achieve his personal best (141 kg snatch, 167 kg clean and jerk) but he will only improve from here after....8.... (taste) success at the highest level.
Ans 0 – won, 1 – overcame, 2 - looked, 3 – setting, 4 – went, 5 – wincing, 6 – completed, 7 –suffered, 8 – tasting
(iii).Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) If she is not careful, she will lag…….. in her schedule.
(b) He was brought……….. the judge.
(c) My neighbour has just come........ a fortune..
(d) Our proposal was turned………. by the chairman.
(e) This is one of the best articles I have come..........
(f) This conversation brings....... the difference between the two participants.
(g) The act of selling matches was a front......... begging.
(h) Their path was beset... difficulties.
Ans. a. behind, b. before, c. into, d. down, e. across, f. out, g. of, h. with
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using and, but or so. Choose the correct option.
1. You are looking sad. Can you tell me why?
(a) Can you tell me that why you are looking sad?
(b) Can you tell me why are you looking sad?
(c) Can you tell me why you are looking sad?
(d) Can you tell me why that you are looking sad?
Ans. (c) Can you tell me why you are looking sad?
2. The rain stopped. We resumed our journey.
(a) The rain having stopped we resumed our journey.
(b) The rain stopped as we resumed our journey.
(c) We resumed our journey because the rain stopped.
(d) The rain stopped when we went ahead with our journey
.Ans. (a) The rain having stopped, we resumed our journey.
3. She is very late. That is unusual.
(a) It is unusual as she is very late.
(b) She is late usually.
(c) She is unusually late.
(d) That is unusual that she is very late.
Ans. (c) She is unusually late.
4. Electricity is scarce this year. There might be frequent power cuts.
(a) Electricity is scarce this year because there might be frequent power cuts.
(b) Since the electricity is scarce this year, there might be frequent power cuts.
(c) There might be frequent power cuts since the electricity is scarce this year.
(d) Due to the scarce electricity this year, there were frequent power cuts.
Ans. (b) Since electricity is scarce this year, there might be frequent power cuts.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. No sooner had they searched the room than an alarm was raised. (Begin: Hardly......)
(a) Hardly they had searched the room, when an alarm was raised.
(b) Hardly had they searched the room, when an alarm was raised.
(c) Hardly an alarm was raised when they searched the room.
(d) Hardly they had been searching the room, when an alarm was raised.
Ans. (b) Hardly had they searched the room, when an alarm was raised.
2. Modita is a brave girl; the other girls are not so brave. (Use: braver)
(a) Modita is braver than any other girl in the class.
(b) Modita is braver to any other girl in the class.
(c) The other girls are braver than Modita.
(d) Modita is braver while the other girls are not so brave.
Ans. (a) Modita is braver than any other girl in the class.
3. She said to us, "Let us go through the chapter." (Begin: She suggested......)
(a) She suggested us to go through the chapter.
(b) She suggested that we should go through the chapter.
(c) She suggested to go through the chapter.
(d) She suggested let us go through the chapter.
Ans. (b) She suggested that we should go through the chapter.
4. This is the last time I speak to you. (Begin: Never ....)
(a) Never will I speak to you the last time.
(b) Never will I speak to you after this.
(c) Never will I speak to you from now on.
(d) Never will I speak to you again.
Ans. (d) Never will I speak to you again.
5. It is better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven. (Begin: To serve in...)
(a) To serve in heaven is as good as reign in hell.
(b) To serve in heaven is not better than to reign in hell.
(c) To serve in hell is not as good as to reign in heaven.
(d) To serve in hell is as good as to reign in heaven.
Ans. (b) To serve in heaven is not better than to reign in hell.
Ans. (or) To serve in heaven is not so/as good as to reign in hell.
Ans. (or) It is not so/as good to serve in heaven as to reign in hell.
6. I had no idea then that he was going abroad. (Begin: Little....)
(a) Little did I knew that he was going abroad.
(b) Little did I know that he was going abroad then.
(c) Little did I knew then that he was going abroad.
(d) Little did I know then that he was going abroad.
Ans. (d) Little did I know then that he was going abroad.
7. She requested him to give her some money. (Begin: He was .....)
(a) He was requested by her to give her some money.
(b) He was requested from her to give her some money.
(c) He was requested by her to give him some money.
(d) He was requested by her in giving her some money.
Ans. (a) He was requested by her to give her some money.
8. He didn’t know where John was and I didn't either. (Use: Neither....nor...)
(a) Neither did he nor I know where John is.
(b) Neither did he nor I knew where John is.
(c) Neither did he nor I knew where John was.
(d) Neither he nor I knew where John was.
Ans. (d) Neither he nor I knew where John was.
CHAPTER: 3 A. Transformation of Sentences (2)
ASSIGNMENT
Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
1. Students should study hard to succeed. Use: ‘so that’)
Ans. Students should study hard so that they can succeed.
2. Time is so valuable that it cannot be wasted. (Use: ‘too’)
Ans. Time is too valuable to be wasted.
3. Many years have passed since he met me. (Use: ‘ago’)
Ans. He met me many years ago.
4. If the thief apologises, he will be pardoned. (Begin: ‘Unless’)
Ans. Unless the thief apologises, he will not be pardoned.
5. She walked along the path and she lost her purse. (Begin: ‘Walking’)
Ans. Walking along the path, she lost her purse.
Ans. While walking along the path, she lost her purse.
6. Meeta is wearing a blue saree and she is my sister. (Use: ‘who’)
Ans. Meeta, who is wearing a blue saree, is my sister.
7. One should have sympathy for the poor. (Use the verb form of ‘sympathy’)
Ans. One should sympathise with the poor.
8. Only a fool would believe you. (Begin: ‘Nobody’)
Ans. Nobody but a fool would believe you.
Ans. Nobody except a fool would believe you.
Ans. Nobody other than a fool would believe you.
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.
Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) visits
Due to their bright colours and....0.... (visit) to flowers, butterflies are the most familiar of insects to humans. There are about 17,500 species of butterflies in the world.
Butterflies (and moths) are the only group of insects that have scales...1.... (cover) their wings, although some butterflies have....2.... (reduce) scales. They differ from other insects also by their ability to coil up their proboscis.
Caterpillars are the names....3.... (give) to the larvae of both butterflies and moths. They are usually very distinctive, and in some cases may be....4... (identify) more easily than the adults. When they are....5.... (develop), their skin may be shed four or more times, with each molt often....6.... (change) the coloration and appearance of the caterpillar. They eat voraciously to transform plant material into tissues that they will need for metamorphosis. Adults usually feed on nectar from flowers of plants, although many butterflies feed instead on....7.... (rot) fruit and animal dung, especially in the tropics. Butterflies prefer to feed in sunny areas....8.... (protect) themselves from wind.
Ans. 0. visits, 1. covering, 2. reduced, 3. given, 4. identified, 5. developing, 6. changing, 7. rotting, 8. protecting
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) He is cutting down……………. sugar.
(b) The wrestlers grappled. ................... each other in the arena.
(c) My car is always breaking……………….. .
(d) He was told to choose..............death and dishonour.
(e) He must make ...................some story to explain her absence.
(f) The marriage party has been put……………… .
(g) The scheme has fallen.................for want of funds.
(h) There are................ ten thousand people in the stadium.
Ans. a. on, b. with, c. down, d. between, e. up, f. off, g. through, h. over
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. Lead an active life. Then you can be healthy.
(a) You can be healthy only if you lead an active life.
(b) Unless you lead an active life, you cannot be healthy.
(c) Unless you led an active life, you cannot be healthy.
(d) You can't be healthy until you are leading an active life.
Ans. (a) You can be healthy only if you lead an active life. (Complex)
Ans. (or) Lead an active life to be healthy. (Simple)
2. He is going to some place. No one knows the place.
(a) No one knows where he is going to.
(b) He is going to some place which nobody knows.
(c) He is going to some place which nobody knew.
(d) He is going to some place as nobody knows him.
Ans. (b) He is going to some place which nobody knows. (Complex)
Ans. (or) He is going to some unknown place. (Simple)
3. The floor is slippery. You have to walk carefully.
(a) You have to walk carefully as the floor is slippery.
(b) The floor is slippery hence walk carefully.
(c) The floor is slippery enough yet you have to walk carefully.
(d) The floor is slippery for you have to walk carefully.
Ans. (None) You have to walk carefully, for the floor is slippery. (Compound)
Ans. (or) You have to walk carefully because the floor is slippery. (Complex)
4. He is a vagabond. They had driven him out from the village.
(a) Since he was a vagabond, they had to drive his out from the village
(b) He is a vagabond as they had not driven him out from the village
(c) He is a vagabond because he was driven out from the village
(d) He is a vagabond as they had driven him out from the village.
Ans. (a) Since he was a vagabond, they had to drive him out from the village. (Complex)
Ans. (or) He being a vagabond, they had to drive him out from the village. (Simple)
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. If he apologises, he will be pardoned. (Use: unless)
(a) Unless he doesn't apologise, he will not be pardoned.
(b) Unless he doesn't apologise, he will not be at pardon.
(c) Unless he apologises, he will be pardoned.
(d) Unless he apologises, he will not be pardoned.
Ans. (d) Unless he apologises, he will not be pardoned.
2. Delhi is one of the most crowded cities in India. (Use: more crowded)
(a) Other cities in India are more crowded than Delhi.
(b) Other cities in India are not more crowded than Delhi.
(c) Delhi is more crowded than most other cities in India.
(d) Delhi is not more crowded than most other cities in India.
Ans. (c) Delhi is more crowded than most other cities in India.
3. "Attack," said the commander to the soldiers. "Do not give up." (Begin. The commander
ordered...)
(a) The commander ordered attack, do not give up to the soldiers.
(b) The commander ordered the soldiers to attack and not to give up.
(c) The commander ordered to attack, do not give up to the soldiers.
(d) The commander ordered to attack and not to give up to the soldiers.
Ans. (b) The commander ordered the soldiers to attack and not to give up.
4. Why should we buy biscuits when we can bake them ourselves? (Begin: Rather...)
(a) Rather than buying biscuits, we can bake them ourselves.
(b) Rather than to buy biscuits, we can bake them ourselves.
(c) Rather than taking biscuits, we should bake them ourselves.
(d) Rather than buying biscuits, we should bake ourselves.
Ans. (d) Rather than buying biscuits, we should bake them ourselves.
5. He consulted his friend before accepting the job offer. (Begin: He did not....)
(a) He did not accept the job offer before he consult his friend.
(b) He did not accept the job before he consulted his friend.
(c) He did not accept the job before consulting his friend.
(d) He did not consult his friend before accepting the job offer.
Ans. He did not accept the job before consulting his friend.
6. If she feels worse during the night, give her these tablets. (Begin: Should)
(a) Should she feels worse during the night, give her these tablets.
(b) Should she feel worse during the night, give her those tablets.
(c) Should she feel worse during the night, give her these tablets.
(d) Should she be feeling worse during the night, give her these tablets. .
Ans. Should she feel worse during the night, give her these tablets.
7. He's getting so absent-minded; he can't go on working much longer.
(End:.........................to go on working much longer.)
(a) He is getting absent-minded to go on working much longer.
(b) He is too absent-minded to go on working much longer.
(c) He has got absent-minded to go on working much longer.
(d) He is absent-minded to work much longer.
Ans. (b) He is too absent-minded to go on working much longer.
8. A bus collided with a car. (Begin: There was a collision…………)
(a) There was a collision with a bus and car.
(b) There was a collision of a bus and a car.
(c) There was a collision between a bus and a car.
(d) There was a collision from a bus with a car
Ans. (c) There was a collision between a bus and a car.
CHAPTER: 4 A. Tenses and Their Uses (1)
ASSIGNMENT
Change the verb in the brackets either to the Present Simple or the Present Continuous Tense:
1. When you…………………to Delhi, I shall see you. (Come)
2. The farmer always……………………… in his field. (work)
3. Look! Someone....................................... at the door. (knock)
4. I ………………at least five cups of tea every morning. (take)
5. She…………………………. in the kitchen at present. (cook)
6. We……………………………….. to Mumbai next week. (go).
7. Near the Equator, the sun………….. greater quantities of water. (evaporate)
8. World energy demand……………….. at the rate of 3% per year. (increase)
9. She is always………………………………. to him on the telephone. (talk)
10. The Bible................................... love of money is the root of all evil. (say)
Ans. 1. come, 2. works, 3. is knocking, 4. take, 5. is cooking, 6. are going, 7. evaporates, 8. is increasing, 9. talking, 10. says
Supply the Present Perfect Tense or the Present perfect Continuous Tense.
1. I................ all your letters. Please take them (bring)
2. Abha .............your letters since morning and she is only halfway through. (type)
3. I................. stamps ever since I joined this school.( collect)
4. Now I............. so many stamps that I do not know where to put them.(gather)
5. My towel is wet. Someone……………... it. (use)
6. I .................all the milk; nothing is left for you. (use)
7. The old man…………. at the bus- stop for an hour. Tell him that the last bus..........already. (stand, go)
8. I....................since morning and I cannot go home until late in the evening. (work).
9. He............... his work and he is going home now. (finish)
10. Sheetal................... for three hours and soon she will have to stop. (write)
Ans. 1. have brought, 2. has been typing, 3. have been collecting, 4. have gathered, 5. has used, 6. has been standing, 7. has already gone, 8. have been working, 9. has finished, 10. has been writing
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in the brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in the correct serial order, the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) growth
Factors like rapid population ......... (grow), early marriage of girls, illiteracy, poor health conditions, lack of access to financial resources and small land.....1..... (hold) become a burden on the nation's income thereby adversely.....2... (affect) the per capita income. Lack of entitlement, exclusion and deprivation, both relative and absolute, affecting people's capability,..3....... (be) the reasons for poverty. Some experts....4.... (feel) that poverty is a reflection of the economic state of....5.... (live) where poor people experience scarcity of certain amenities essential....6.... (live) like humans. Therefore, before....7.... (target) its complete eradication, poverty should....8.... (understand) as a multifaceted concept, inclusive of socio-economic and political factors.
Ans. 1. holdings, 2. affecting, 3. are, 4. feel, 5. living, 6. to live, 7. targeting, 8. should be understood
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Many people prefer the new system………. the old.
(b) Where can we dispose. ...................... these old clothes?
(c) The little boy jumped. ............. the wall effortlessly.
(d) An epidemic of malaria has broken....................the colony.
(e) We can't go………….all the details now.
(f) Do not have a grudge……….. anybody.
(g) She needs some rest; she looks run………….. .
(h) He complied……..the wishes of his father.
Ans. a. to, b. of, c. over, d. out, e. into, f. against, g. down, h. with
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. He is quite honest. She knows it.
(a) She knows that he is quite honest.
(b) He is quite honest since she knows it.
(c) She knows it because he is quite honest.
(d) She knew that he is quite honest.
Ans. (a) She knows that he is quite honest.
2. You wish to enjoy your weekend. Then you go to Nainital.
(a) Go to Nainital to wish and enjoy your weekend.
(b) Go to Nainital because you wish to enjoy your weekend.
(c) If you wish to enjoy your weekend, then go to Nainital.
(d) You wish to enjoy your weekend when you go to Nainital.
Ans. (c) Go to Nainital if you wish to enjoy your weekend.
Ans. (or) If you wish to enjoy your weekend, then you should go to Nainital.
3. The burglars fled across the border. They would otherwise have been caught.
(a) The burglars would rather have been caught, had they not fled across the border.
(b) The burglars were caught, had they not fled across the border.
(c) The burglars would have been caught, had they not fled across the border.
(d) The burglars could not be caught when they fled across the border.
Ans. (c) The burglars would have been caught, had they not fled across the border.
4. He lost his cell phone. It was his birthday present.
(a) He lost his birthday present cell phone.
(b) He lost his cell phone as it was his birthday present.
(c) He lost his cell phone which was his birthday present.
(d) He lost his cell phone for his birthday present.
Ans. (c) He lost his cell phone which was his birthday present.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. The police questioned the culprit for over two hours. (Begin: The culprit.....)
(a) The culprit was questioned by the police for over two hours.
(b) The culprit was in question by the police for over two hours.
(c) The culprit was in questioning by the police for over two hours.
(d) The culprit was questioned from the police for over two hours.
Ans. (a) The culprit was questioned by the police for over two hours.
2. If you complete your homework by evening, you will not be punished. (Use: unless)
(a) Unless you don't complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
(b) Unless you don't complete your homework by evening, you will not be punished.
(c) Unless you complete your homework by evening, you will be at punish.
(d) Unless you complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
Ans. (d) Unless you complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
Ans. (or) If you do not complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
3. Mohan is so crafty that he doesn't listen to anybody. (Use: too)
(a) Mohan is too crafty that he doesn't listen to anybody.
(b) Mohan doesn't listen to anybody as he is too crafty.
(c) Mohan is too crafty to listen to anybody.
(d) Mohan is too crafty as he doesn't listen to anybody.
Ans. (c) Mohan is too crafty to listen to anybody.
4. She said to me, "What a pity, you missed my birthday party!" (Begin: She exclaimed...)
(a) She exclaimed what a pity you missed my birthday party!
(b) She exclaimed with pity for I missed her birthday party.
(c) She exclaimed with pity that I missed her birthday party.
(d) She exclaimed what a pity it was that I missed her birthday party.
Ans. (c) She exclaimed with pity that I missed her birthday party.
5. For more information, please contact the reception desk. (Begin: Should...)
(a) Should you need more information, contact the reception desk.
(b) Should you contact the reception desk for more information.
(c) Should you will need more information, contact the reception desk.
(d) Should you be contacting the reception desk for more information.
Ans. (a) Should you need more information, you are asked contact the reception desk.
Ans. (or) Contact the reception desk should you need more information.
6. The principal promised to look into the case. (Begin: The principal said ".....)
(a) The principal said, "He would promise to look into the case."
(b) The principal said, "I promise for looking into the said case."
(c) The principal said, "He would look into the case."
(d) The principal said, "I shall look into the case."
Ans. (d) The principal said, "I will look into the case."
7. You never know where your luck lies. (Begin: One.....)
(a) One never knows where your luck lies.
(b) One never knows where's one luck lies.
(c) One never knows where one's luck lies.
(d) One never know where your luck lies.
Ans. (c) One never knows where one's luck lies.
8. Many people have died in the village due to floods. (Begin: The floods claimed.....)
(a) The floods claimed many lives of village.
(b) The floods claimed the lives of many people in the village.
(c) The floods claimed the death of many people in the village.
(d) The floods claimed the lives of many villages.
Ans. (b) The floods claimed the lives of many people in the village.
Ans. (None) Floods have claimed the lives of many people in the village.
CHAPTER: 5 A. Tenses and Their Uses (2)
ASSIGNMENT
Complete the following sentences with the correct tense of the verbs given in the brackets:
1. My aunt.................... to India next week. (come)
2. He ............... loudly when I got up this morning. (shout)
3. I ...................... to his house several times. (be)
4. She realised that she.....…..the wrong decision. (take)
5. What.................you................. when the door bell rang? (do)
6. By the tenth of this month, I................. in this house for one year. (be)
7. He submitted the assignment which he ................ . (write)
8. Since when.....................M.r. Ghosh................ the Head of this department? (be)
9. My father said that he................... the house before the letter came. (leave)
10. Where …………..you.................. on vacation next month? (go)
11. When you come tomorrow morning, we.................... our dance practice. (have)
12. We.................... Shimla on 15th September. (reach)
13. I expect that the teacher………..his mind by tomorrow (change)
14. By the end of the month, I ................... music here for five years. (teach)
15. I ………… the work before you come tomorrow. (finish)
Ans. 1. is coming/will come/will be coming, 2. was shouting, 3. have been, 4. had taken, 5. were doing, 6. will have been, 7. had written, 8. has been, 9. had left, 10. are going, 11. will have, 12. are reaching/will reach, 13. will have changed, 14. will have taught, 15. will have finished
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage, but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example (0) was
Hoover ..0... (be) an engineer, desperately...1... (look) for a job. When he went to an industrialist, he....2.... (tell) that there was no vacancy for an engineer but there was one for a typist. Would he like.....3.... (join) as a typist. Hoover said that he would be happy to join as a typist but only after four days as he...4... (have) some urgent work. The employer 5.... (agree), Hoover didn't know how to type and......... (toil) day and night on a typewriter till he got it right. He got the job as he typed fast with no mistakes. Great people don't wait for big opportunities. They….7…. (make) use of small opportunities. This.....8... (be) Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States.
Ans. 1. looking, 2. was told, 3. to join, 4. had, 5. agreed. 6. toiled, 7. make, 8. was
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) A rebellion has broken................... in our province
(b) Five kilometres are roughly equal............... three miles.
(c) The new driver did not come................ to my expectations.
(d) We should go ………….the plan again.
(e) The boy promised to return home................. an hour.
(f) Many emotional factors enter.................. their relationship.
(g) The old monument has fallen.................. ruin.
(h) We are doubtful………. his ability to complete the project in time.
Ans. a. out, b. to, c. up, d. over, e. an, f. within, g. into, h. of
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. He was praised. He was rewarded.
(a) He was praised or he was rewarded.
(b) Besides being praised, he was also rewarded.
(c) He was rewarded as he was praised.
(d) He was praised to be rewarded.
Ans. (b) Besides being praised, he was also rewarded. (Simple)
Ans (or) He was praised. as well as rewarded. (Compound)
Ans (or) He was not only praised but also rewarded. (Compound)
2. She is going out. It is raining heavily.
(a) It is heavily raining; therefore, she is going out.
(b) She is not going out despite it is raining heavily.
(c) As it is raining heavily, she is not going out.
(d) Though it is raining heavily, she is going out.
Ans. (d) Though it is raining heavily she is going out. (Complex)
Ans. (or) It is raining heavily, still/all the same she is going out. (Compound)
Ans. (or) In spite of/Despite heavy rains, she is going out. (Simple)
3. He is very poor. He cannot buy a house for himself.
(a) As he is very poor, he cannot himself buy a house.
(b) Upon being very poor, he cannot buy a house for himself.
(c) He is too poor to buy a house for himself.
(d) Because he is very poor, he cannot himself buy a house.
Ans. (c) He is too poor to buy a house for himself. (Simple)
Ans. (or) He is so poor that he cannot buy a house for himself. (Complex)
4. He can't be employed. He has no work experience.
(a) Since he has no work experience, he can't be employed.
(b) Since he had work experience, he can't be employed.
(c) He can't be employed for work experience.
(d) He can't be employed due to work experience.
Ans. (a) Since he has no work experience, he can't be employed. (Complex)
Ans. (or) He can't be employed, for he has no work experience. (Compound)
Ans. (or) He can't be employed because he has no work experience. (Complex)
Ans. (or) Due to his lack of work experience, he can't be employed. (Simple)
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. No sooner did the bell ring than the students rushed out of the classroom. (Use: as)
(a) As soon as the bell rings, the students rushed out of the classroom.
(b) As soon as the bell will ring, the students rushed out of the classroom.
(c) As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.
(d) The students rushed out of the classroom as soon as the bell rung.
Ans. (c) As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.
2. Very few towns in India are as old as Delhi. (Begin: Delhi…..)
(a) Delhi is older than most other towns in India.
(b) Delhi is one of the oldest towns in India.
(c) Delhi is the oldest town in India.
(d) Delhi is one of the few oldest towns in India.
Ans. (b) Delhi is one of the oldest towns in India. (Superlative Degree)
Ans. (or) Delhi is older than most other towns in India. (Comparative Degree)
3. I asked the policeman the way to the hospital. (Begin: "Could”....)
(a) "Could you tell me the way to the hospital?" I was asking the policeman.
(b) "Could you please tell me the way to the hospital?” I asked the policeman.
(c) "Could the policeman tell me the way to the hospital?"
(d) "Could you told me the way to the hospital?" I asked the policeman.
Ans. (b) "Could you please tell me the way to the hospital?" I asked the policeman.
4. Nobody will deny that she is able. (Begin: Everyone.......)
(a) Everyone will admit that she is able.
(b) Everyone will accept that she is able.
(c) Everyone will not deny that she is able.
(d) Everyone will deny that she is able.
Ans. (b) Everyone will accept that she is able.
5. Our plan cannot be implemented immediately. (Use: effect)
(a) Our plan cannot be effected immediately.
(b) Our plan cannot effectly implemented immediately.
(c) Our plan cannot be put into effect immediately.
(d) Our plan effect cannot be implemented immediately.
Ans. (c) Our plan cannot be put into effect immediately.
6. You remembered to take your car keys, didn't you? (Begin: You didn't.....)
(a) You didn't remember your car keys?
(b) You didn't forget to take your car keys, did you?
(c) You didn't remember to take your keys, didn't you?
(d) You didn't forget your car keys?
Ans. (b) You didn't forget to take your car keys, did you?
7. In spite of the bad weather, a huge crowd came to see the match. (Begin: The bad weather.....)
(a) The bad weather did not stop the crowd to coming to see the match.
(b) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd from coming to see the match.
(c) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd coming from seeing the match.
(d) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd to coming to see the match.
Ans. (b) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd from coming to see the match.
8. Not only did he give him money, but also helped him complete his work. (Use: Besides)
(a) Besides money he was helped to complete his work.
(b) Besides help with money, he completed the work.
(c) Besides giving him money, he helped him complete his work.
(d) Besides giving money, he can be helped in his work.
Ans. (c) Besides giving him money, he helped him complete his work.
CHAPTER: 6 A. Sequence of Tenses
Put the appropriate tense of the verbs given in brackets.
1. I will not help him until he..................for it. (ask)
2. She boasted as if she .........................everything. (know)
3. My uncle told me that he.................. a good profit. (make)
4. He called me as many times as he............... (want)
5. She wrote as fast as she............... . (can)
6. I knew the doctor who.................here. (come)
7. He pretends as if he ................ blind. (be)
8. You will be glad to know that I………..the competition.(win)
9. He assured me that he................... my watch. (repair)
10. He works hard so that he................. get the scholarship. (may)
Ans. 1. asks, 2. knew, 3. made/would make, 4. wanted, 5. could, 6. came/had come, 7. were, 8. have won, 9. would repair, 10. may get
Question 5
Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) heard
Fleming was a Scottish farmer. One day at work in a field, he....0.... (hear) a cry for help. …1……. (Follow) the sound, Fleming came to a deep bog, in which a boy was stuck up. Fleming ……2…… (pull) the boy to safety. The next day a carriage ……3…….. (arrive) at Fleming's farmhouse. A well-dressed man ………4……. (step) out and introduced himself as the father of the boy whom Fleming ……5…… (save). "You saved my son's life," said the man to Fleming, "How can I repay you?"
"I don't want any payment." Fleming replied. At that moment. Fleming's own young son appeared at the farmhouse door. "Is he your son?" the man asked.
"Yes," said Fleming proudly.
"T have an idea. Let me pay for your son's education. If he's like his father, he ……6…..(grow) to be a man we'll both be proud of." And so the visitor did. The farmer's son later became the world-renowned Nobel Prize-winning scientist and discoverer of penicillin, Sir Alexander Fleming. It …7…..... (say) that many years later, the grown up man who'd been saved from the bog as a boy was.......8…… (strike) with pneumonia. Penicillin saved his life. He was Sir Winston Churchill, the former Prime Minister of England.
1.following, 2. pulled, 3. arrived, 4. stepped, 5. had saved, 6. will grow, 7. is said, 8. was struck
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Students need heroes to look …………… .
(b) She was crying …………. her misfortune.
(c) The rabbit entered ………… its hole.
(d) Her parents can't make …………. what she wants.
(e) Can we agree ………….. the main points?
(f) You must protest……………what is unjust..
(g) The old man passed……………….in his sleep.
(h) We are hoping……………..a revision in salary.
Ans. up to, over, into, out, on, against, away, for
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. When will the function begin? Please tell me the time.
(a) Please tell me the time at which the function will begin.
(b) Please tell me the time when will the function begin.
(c) Please tell me the time when the function will begin.
(d) Please tell me the time when would the function begin.
Ans. (c) Please tell me the time when the function will begin.
2. You may need money. Take the purse with you.
(a) Take the purse with you as you need money.
(b) Take the purse with you in case you may need money.
(c) Take the purse with you, in case you need money.
(d) Take the purse with you because you have no money.
Ans. (c) Take the purse with you in case you need money.
Ans. (or) Take the purse with you lest you should need money.
3. Angels fear to tread in some places. Fools rush in there.
(a) Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
(b) Fools rushed in where angel fears to tread.
(c) A fool rushes in when angels feared to tread.
(d) Fools rush where angels are fearful to tread.
Ans. (a) Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
4. He lost his passport. He lost his money.
(a) He lost his passport with all his money.
(b) He lost his passport as well as his money.
(c) He lost his passport having all his money.
(d) He lost his passport with his money.
Ans. (b) He lost his passport as well as his money.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. Rosa is a very clever girl and is always cheerful (Begin: Besides……….)
a) Besides a very clever girl, Rosa is always cheerful.
b) Besides being clever, Rosa is always cheerful.
c) Besides being a very clever girl, Rosa is always cheerful too.
d) Besides being cheerful, Rosa is always clever.
Ans. Besides being a very clever girl, Rosa is always cheerful too.
2. He conducted the show like a trained artist. (Use: as if)
a) He conducted the show as he were a trained artist.
b) He conducted the show as if he had been a trained artist.
c) He conducted the show as if he was a trained artist
d) He conducted the show as if a trained artist.
Ans. c) He conducted the show as if he were a trained artist.
3. Had I not helped him, my brother would not have succeeded. (Begin: But...)
(a) But I had not helped him, my brother would not have succeeded.
(b) But for I did not helped him, my brother would not have succeeded.
(c) But for my help, my brother would not have succeeded.
(d) But if I did not help him, my brother would have succeeded.
Ans. (c) But for my help, my brother would not have succeeded.
4. The mother advised her children not to go out. (End with.……..” said the mother.)
(a) "Do not go out", said the mother.
(b) "Please do not go out", said the mother.
(c) "You should not go out", said the mother.
(d) "Do not go out, children", said the mother.
Ans. (d) "Do not go out, children", said the mother.
5. Nobody knows much about his plans. (Use: little)
(a) Everybody knows little about his plans.
(b) Nobody knows little about his plans.
(c) Little did anybody know about his plans
d) Little do everybody knows about his plans.
Ans. Little did anybody know about his plans.
6. When their parents died, their aunt took care of them. (Use: brought up)
(a) When their parents died, their aunt brought up carefully.
(b) When their parents died, their aunt brought them up.
(c) When their parents died, they were being brought up by their aunt.
(d) When their parents died, their aunt brought them up carefully.
Ans. (d) When their parents died, their aunt brought them up carefully.
7. She is poor but she is generous. (Begin: Notwithstanding.....)
(a) Notwithstanding she is poor, she is generous.
(b) Notwithstanding her poorness, she is generous.
(c) Notwithstanding her poverty, she is generous.
(d) Notwithstanding her poverty, she appears generous.
Ans. (a) Notwithstanding she is poor, she is generous.
8. She was in such a terrible state that I will never forget it. (Begin: I will never forget what.....)
(a) I will never forget in what terrible state she was in.
(b) I will never forget what a terrible state she was in.
(c) I will never ever forget what a terrible state she is in.
(d) I will never forget what terribly state she was in.
Ans. (b) I will never forget what a terrible state she was in.
1. He passed the examination. He won a scholarship.
Ans. Apart from/Besides passing the examination, he won a scholarship. (Simple)
Ans. He not only passed the examination but also won a scholarship. (Compound)
Ans. He passed the examination as well as won a scholarship. (Compound)
Ans. As he passed the examination, he won a scholarship. (Complex)
2. The referee has arrived. They should get ready for the match.
Ans. The referee having arrived, they should get ready for the match. (Simple)
Ans. The referee has arrived; therefore they should get ready for the match. (Compound)
Ans. They should get ready for the match, for the referee has arrived. (Compound)
Ans. As/Since the referee has arrived; they should get ready for the match. (Complex)
Ans. They should get ready for the match, for the referee has arrived. (Complex)
3. My friend is not a judge He is not a lawyer.
Ans. My friend is neither a judge nor a lawyer. (Simple)
Ans. My friend is not either a judge or a lawyer. (Simple)
Ans. My friend is not a judge, he is not a lawyer either. (Compound)
Ans. It’s a fact that my friend is neither a judge nor a lawyer. (Complex)
4. He has high fever. He cannot take part in games.
Ans. Owing to having high fever, he cannot take part in games. (Simple)
Ans. He cannot take part in games for having high fever. (Simple)
Ans. He has high fever; therefore/hence he cannot take part in games. (Compound)
Ans. He cannot take part in games, for he has high fever. (Compound)
Ans. As/Since he has high fever; he cannot take part in games. (Complex)
Ans. He cannot take part in games because he has high fever. (Complex)
5. I am rude sometimes. My friends love me.
Ans. Despite/In spite of my rudeness sometimes, my friends love me. (Simple)
Ans. In spite of/Despite my being rude sometimes, my friends love me. (Simple)
Ans. I am rude sometimes, however/still my friends love me. (Compound)
Ans. Although I am rude sometimes, yet my friends love me. (Complex)
Ans. Notwithstanding that I am rude sometimes, my friends love me. (Complex)
6. He did not come to school. He did not send in an application.
Ans. Despite/In spite of not coming to school, he did not send in an application. (Simple)
Ans. He neither came to school nor sent in an application. (Compound)
Ans. Neither did he come to school, nor did he send in an application. (Compound)
Ans. He did not come to school, still he did not send in an application. (Compound)
Ans. Though he did not come to school, he did not send in an application. (Complex)
7. He was hurt. He helped the victims.
Ans. In spite of/Despite being hurt, he helped the victims. (Simple)
Ans. He was hurt, yet/still/nevertheless he helped the victims. (Compound)
Ans. Although he was hurt, he helped the victims. (Complex)
Ans. Notwithstanding that he was hurt, he helped the victims. (Complex)
8. Do your work diligently. Leave my service.
Ans. On your failure to do your work diligently, you must leave my service. (Simple)
Ans. On failing to do your work diligently, you must leave my service. (Simple)
Ans. Either you do your work diligently or you leave my service. (Compound)
Ans. Unless you do your work diligently, you must leave my service. (Complex)
B. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences according to the directions given in brackets.
1.They could hardly see each other. It was very dark.( Use: so...that)
Ans. It was so dark that they could hardly see each other.
2. It is a difficult task. I cannot do it. (Use: too)
Ans. It is too difficult a task for me to do.
3. He received my message. Immediately he came to see me. (Use: As soon as)
Ans. As soon as he received my message, he came to see me.
4. You will succeed. You must work hard. (Use: Unless)
Ans. Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.
5. The man is a cheat. We met him in the bank. (Use: whom)
Ans. The man, whom we met him in the bank, is a cheat.
6. Tagore was a painter. He was also a poet. (Use: besides)
Ans. Besides being a painter, Tagore was a poet.
7. Do not steal. Stealing is a crime. (Use: since.)
Ans. Since stealing is a crime, you should not steal.
Ans. Since stealing is a crime, you must avoid it.
8. You must pass the exam. Your future depends on it. (Use: since)
Ans. Since your future depends on the exam., you must pass it.
9. Angels fear to tread in some places. Fools rush in there.(Use: where)
Ans. Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
10. He lost all his money. He persevered. (Use: nevertheless)
Ans. He lost all his money nevertheless he persevered.
i. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in the brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order, the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) Dishing
.....0..... (Dish) out a performance for the ages, India's men's badminton team.......1...... (lift) the Thomas Cup title with a.....2.......... (command) 3-0 win over powerhouse Indonesia in May 2022, a historic triumph that......3...... (enhance) country's status in the sport.
World Championships medalist Lakshya Sen, Kidambi Srikanth and doubles players Chirag Shetty and Satwiksairaj Rankireddy....4....... (deliver) when it .....5..... (matter) most, as they .....6.... (stun) the 14-time champions......7...... (win) the prestigious team championship for the first time ever.
An incredible week culminated in a fitting manner for Indian badminton as the country had never reached the summit clash of the world's most prestigious team event before. The underdog Indian side had not even reached the last-four stage since 1979. But this time they ended up.....8....... (upset) the formidable Malaysia and Denmark en route the summit clash.
Ans. 0 – Dishing, 1 – lifted, 2 – commanding, 3 – enhanced/would enhance, 4 – delivered, 5 – mattered, 6 – stunned, 7 – winning, 8 – upsetting
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Rain is a symbol ……hope.
(b) The government came …… heavily on smugglers.
(c) The old man is too miserly to part...... his money.
(d) My family has no savings to fall back …… .
(e) How do you convert gallons …….. litres?
(f) I put …. ..some money every month.
(g) Being a beginner I won't be able to keep …… that speed.
(h) The old man mistook that child...... his grandson.
Ans. (a) – of, (b) – on, (c) - with, (d) – on, (e) - to, (f) - aside, (g) – up, (h) - for
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using and, but or so Choose the correct option.
1. My brother fell asleep. He was reading a novel.
(a) Since my brother was reading a novel, he fell asleep.
(b) My brother fell asleep since he was reading a novel.
(c) My brother fell asleep while he was reading a novel.
(d) My brother fell asleep while reading novel.
Ans. (c) My brother fell asleep while he was reading a novel.
Ans. (d) My brother fell asleep while reading novel.
2. The bell rang. All the pupils immediately left the school.
(a) All the pupils immediately left the school because the bell rang.
(b) As soon as the bell rang, all the pupils left the school.
(c) As soon as the bell rung, all the pupils left the school.
(d) Since the bell rang, all the pupils immediately left the school.
Ans. (b) As soon as the bell rang, all the pupils left the school.
3. He made an error in calculation. He was careless.
(a) He made an error in calculation as he was careless.
(b) He was careless and he made an error in calculation.
(c) He carelessly made an error in calculation.
(d) That was careless that he will make an error in calculation.
Ans. (c) He carelessly made an error in calculation.
Ans. (a) He made an error in calculation, for he was careless.
4. She became cheerful. She heard the news of her brother's success.
(a) She became cheerful as soon as hearing the news of her brother's success.
(b) She became cheerful on hearing the news of her brother's success.
(c) She became cheerful upon hearing the news of her brother's success.
(d) She heard the news of her brother's success hence she became cheerful.
Ans. (d) On hearing the news of her brother's success, she became cheerful.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. Eva thought that the examination would be held later. (Begin: Eva was....)
(a) Eva was thinking about the examination would be held later.
(b) Eva was in thought the examination would be held later.
(c) Eva was in thought that the examination would be held later.
(d) Eva was under the impression that the examination would be held later.
.Ans. (d) Eva was under the impression that the examination would be held later.
2. I have wanted to be a doctor for a long time. (Use: ambition)
(a) I have an ambition to be a doctor for a long time.
(b) It is my ambition to be a doctor for a long time.
(c) It has long been my ambition to be doctor.
(d) It has been my ambition of becoming a doctor.
Ans . (c) It has long been my ambition to be doctor.
3. The Manager said to him, "Please remember to bring my bag tomorrow." (Begin: He was ....)
(a) He was told by the manager to remember to bring his bag tomorrow.
(b) He was told by the manager to remember to bring his bag the following day.
(c) He was requested by the manager to remember to remember to bring his bag tomorrow.
(d) He was requested by the manager to remember to bring his bag the following day.
Ans. (d) He was requested by the manager to remember to bring his bag the following day.
4. I last travelled by air when I went to Mumbai. (Begin: I haven't.....)
(a) I haven't last travelled by air since I went to Mumbai.
(b) I haven't last travelled by air since my travel to Mumbai.
(c) I haven't travelled by air since I had to go to Mumbai.
(d) I haven't travelled by air since my travel to Mumbai.
Ans. (b) I haven't travelled by air since my travel to Mumbai.
5. The contest was not difficult that anyone could have taken part. (Use: easy)
(a) The contest was easy and one can take part in it.
(b) The contest was easy enough for anyone to take part.
(c) The contest was too easy for all to participate.
(d) The easy contest could have many participants.
Ans. (b) The contest was easy enough for anyone to take part.
Ans. (or) The contest was so easy that anyone could take part.
6. This was the best movie I had ever enjoyed. (Begin: Never....)
(a) Never had I enjoyed a best movie than this.
(b) Never have I enjoyed a best movie than this.
(c) Never had I enjoyed a better movie than this.
(d) I have never enjoyed a best movie than this.
Ans. (c) Never had I enjoyed a better movie than this.
Ans. (or) Never had I enjoyed so good a movie as this.
7. It is most probable that it will rain today. (Begin: In.....)
(a) In most probabilities, it will rain today.
(b) In all probabilities, it will rain today.
(c) In every probability, it will rain today.
(d) In possible probabilities, it will rain today.
Ans. (b) In all probabilities, it will rain today.
8. Besides passing the examination well, he won the first prize. (Use: not only....but also)
(a) He not only passed the examination well, but also won the first prize.
(b) Not only did he pass the examination, but he also won the first prize.
(c) Not only did he pass the examination, but also win the first prize.
(d) He not only passed the examination well, but also win the first prize.
Ans. (a) He not only passed the examination well, but also won the first prize
Ans. (or) Not only did he pass the examination well, but also he won the first prize.
ASSIGNMENT
Rewrite the following according to the instructions given after each sentence. Change only enough to do what you are asked and make a correct sentence .Do not alter the meaning. You have to make your sentence say the same thing in a different way.
1. The mangoes are so costly that you cannot buy them.
Begin The mangoes are too costly……………………….
Ans. The mangoes are too costly to buy.
2. Mona was too poor to pay her school fees.
Begin: Mona was so poor…………………..
Ans. Mona was so poor that she could not pay her school fees.
Ans. Mona was so poor that she was unable/not able to pay her school fees.
3. The girl is too ill to come to school.
Begin: The girl is so ill………………..
Ans. The girl is so ill that she cannot come to school.
Ans. The girl is so ill that she unable/not able to come to school.
4. An honest man is trusted by all.
Begin: All………………………..
Ans. All trust an honest man.
5. One should respect one's parents.
Begin: Parents……………………..
Ans. Parents should be respected.
6. The criminal will be arrested.
End:………………….. the criminal.
Ans. The police will arrest the criminal.
7. I am not so rich as he is.
Begin: He is………………
Ans. He is richer than I (am).
8. Who can forget those happy days?
Begin: No one……………………..
Ans. No one can forget those happy days.
9. Their attitude surprised us.
Begin: We...............................
Ans. We were surprised at their attitude.
10. Shimla is cooler than Dehra Dun.
Begin: Dehra Dun is………………….
Ans. Dehra Dun is not so cool as Shimla.
11. Very few towns are as big as Lucknow.
Begin : Lucknow is......................................
Ans. Lucknow is one of the biggest towns.
Ans. Lucknow is bigger than most other towns.
12. Australia is the smallest continent.
End……………………….. as small as Australia.
Ans. No other continent is as small as Australia.
13. He was dismissed for negligence.
(Use negligent instead of negligence.)
Ans. He was dismissed for being negligent. (Simple)
Ans. He was dismissed, for he was negligent. (Compound)
Ans. He was negligent, so/therefore he was dismissed. (Compound)
Ans. Since/As he was negligent, he was dismissed. (Complex)
Ans. He was dismissed because he was negligent. (Complex)
14. The rats gave us a lot of trouble.
(Use troublesome instead of trouble.)
Ans. The rats were very troublesome for us.
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) won
Jeremy Lalrinnunga, a 19 year old weightlifter from Mizoram, ...0.... (win) the Gold medal after setting Games record in the men's 67 kg weightlifting at the Commonwealth Games 2022. In his first appearance in the Games, Jeremy set a new Commonwealth Games record of 300 kg overall (140 kg snatch and 160 kg in clean and jerk).
Jeremy....1.... (overcame) what....2... (look) like cramps after....3... (set) a new snatch Games record with the 140 kg lift. He....4... (go) for 154 kg in his first attempt in the clean and jerk and fell on his knees on the podium,...5.... (wince) in pain. However, he came out for the second lift and....6... (complete) the successful lift of 160 kg, which was still 7 kg less than his personal best. He went for 165 kg in his 3" attempt but....7.... (suffer) a nasty elbow injury as he fell flat on the podium, wincing in more pain. Although Jeremy, was not able to achieve his personal best (141 kg snatch, 167 kg clean and jerk) but he will only improve from here after....8.... (taste) success at the highest level.
Ans 0 – won, 1 – overcame, 2 - looked, 3 – setting, 4 – went, 5 – wincing, 6 – completed, 7 –suffered, 8 – tasting
(iii).Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) If she is not careful, she will lag…….. in her schedule.
(b) He was brought……….. the judge.
(c) My neighbour has just come........ a fortune..
(d) Our proposal was turned………. by the chairman.
(e) This is one of the best articles I have come..........
(f) This conversation brings....... the difference between the two participants.
(g) The act of selling matches was a front......... begging.
(h) Their path was beset... difficulties.
Ans. a. behind, b. before, c. into, d. down, e. across, f. out, g. of, h. with
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using and, but or so. Choose the correct option.
1. You are looking sad. Can you tell me why?
(a) Can you tell me that why you are looking sad?
(b) Can you tell me why are you looking sad?
(c) Can you tell me why you are looking sad?
(d) Can you tell me why that you are looking sad?
Ans. (c) Can you tell me why you are looking sad?
2. The rain stopped. We resumed our journey.
(a) The rain having stopped we resumed our journey.
(b) The rain stopped as we resumed our journey.
(c) We resumed our journey because the rain stopped.
(d) The rain stopped when we went ahead with our journey
.Ans. (a) The rain having stopped, we resumed our journey.
3. She is very late. That is unusual.
(a) It is unusual as she is very late.
(b) She is late usually.
(c) She is unusually late.
(d) That is unusual that she is very late.
Ans. (c) She is unusually late.
4. Electricity is scarce this year. There might be frequent power cuts.
(a) Electricity is scarce this year because there might be frequent power cuts.
(b) Since the electricity is scarce this year, there might be frequent power cuts.
(c) There might be frequent power cuts since the electricity is scarce this year.
(d) Due to the scarce electricity this year, there were frequent power cuts.
Ans. (b) Since electricity is scarce this year, there might be frequent power cuts.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. No sooner had they searched the room than an alarm was raised. (Begin: Hardly......)
(a) Hardly they had searched the room, when an alarm was raised.
(b) Hardly had they searched the room, when an alarm was raised.
(c) Hardly an alarm was raised when they searched the room.
(d) Hardly they had been searching the room, when an alarm was raised.
Ans. (b) Hardly had they searched the room, when an alarm was raised.
2. Modita is a brave girl; the other girls are not so brave. (Use: braver)
(a) Modita is braver than any other girl in the class.
(b) Modita is braver to any other girl in the class.
(c) The other girls are braver than Modita.
(d) Modita is braver while the other girls are not so brave.
Ans. (a) Modita is braver than any other girl in the class.
3. She said to us, "Let us go through the chapter." (Begin: She suggested......)
(a) She suggested us to go through the chapter.
(b) She suggested that we should go through the chapter.
(c) She suggested to go through the chapter.
(d) She suggested let us go through the chapter.
Ans. (b) She suggested that we should go through the chapter.
4. This is the last time I speak to you. (Begin: Never ....)
(a) Never will I speak to you the last time.
(b) Never will I speak to you after this.
(c) Never will I speak to you from now on.
(d) Never will I speak to you again.
Ans. (d) Never will I speak to you again.
5. It is better to reign in hell than to serve in heaven. (Begin: To serve in...)
(a) To serve in heaven is as good as reign in hell.
(b) To serve in heaven is not better than to reign in hell.
(c) To serve in hell is not as good as to reign in heaven.
(d) To serve in hell is as good as to reign in heaven.
Ans. (b) To serve in heaven is not better than to reign in hell.
Ans. (or) To serve in heaven is not so/as good as to reign in hell.
Ans. (or) It is not so/as good to serve in heaven as to reign in hell.
6. I had no idea then that he was going abroad. (Begin: Little....)
(a) Little did I knew that he was going abroad.
(b) Little did I know that he was going abroad then.
(c) Little did I knew then that he was going abroad.
(d) Little did I know then that he was going abroad.
Ans. (d) Little did I know then that he was going abroad.
7. She requested him to give her some money. (Begin: He was .....)
(a) He was requested by her to give her some money.
(b) He was requested from her to give her some money.
(c) He was requested by her to give him some money.
(d) He was requested by her in giving her some money.
Ans. (a) He was requested by her to give her some money.
8. He didn’t know where John was and I didn't either. (Use: Neither....nor...)
(a) Neither did he nor I know where John is.
(b) Neither did he nor I knew where John is.
(c) Neither did he nor I knew where John was.
(d) Neither he nor I knew where John was.
Ans. (d) Neither he nor I knew where John was.
CHAPTER: 3 A. Transformation of Sentences (2)
ASSIGNMENT
Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
1. Students should study hard to succeed. Use: ‘so that’)
Ans. Students should study hard so that they can succeed.
2. Time is so valuable that it cannot be wasted. (Use: ‘too’)
Ans. Time is too valuable to be wasted.
3. Many years have passed since he met me. (Use: ‘ago’)
Ans. He met me many years ago.
4. If the thief apologises, he will be pardoned. (Begin: ‘Unless’)
Ans. Unless the thief apologises, he will not be pardoned.
5. She walked along the path and she lost her purse. (Begin: ‘Walking’)
Ans. Walking along the path, she lost her purse.
Ans. While walking along the path, she lost her purse.
6. Meeta is wearing a blue saree and she is my sister. (Use: ‘who’)
Ans. Meeta, who is wearing a blue saree, is my sister.
7. One should have sympathy for the poor. (Use the verb form of ‘sympathy’)
Ans. One should sympathise with the poor.
8. Only a fool would believe you. (Begin: ‘Nobody’)
Ans. Nobody but a fool would believe you.
Ans. Nobody except a fool would believe you.
Ans. Nobody other than a fool would believe you.
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.
Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) visits
Due to their bright colours and....0.... (visit) to flowers, butterflies are the most familiar of insects to humans. There are about 17,500 species of butterflies in the world.
Butterflies (and moths) are the only group of insects that have scales...1.... (cover) their wings, although some butterflies have....2.... (reduce) scales. They differ from other insects also by their ability to coil up their proboscis.
Caterpillars are the names....3.... (give) to the larvae of both butterflies and moths. They are usually very distinctive, and in some cases may be....4... (identify) more easily than the adults. When they are....5.... (develop), their skin may be shed four or more times, with each molt often....6.... (change) the coloration and appearance of the caterpillar. They eat voraciously to transform plant material into tissues that they will need for metamorphosis. Adults usually feed on nectar from flowers of plants, although many butterflies feed instead on....7.... (rot) fruit and animal dung, especially in the tropics. Butterflies prefer to feed in sunny areas....8.... (protect) themselves from wind.
Ans. 0. visits, 1. covering, 2. reduced, 3. given, 4. identified, 5. developing, 6. changing, 7. rotting, 8. protecting
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) He is cutting down……………. sugar.
(b) The wrestlers grappled. ................... each other in the arena.
(c) My car is always breaking……………….. .
(d) He was told to choose..............death and dishonour.
(e) He must make ...................some story to explain her absence.
(f) The marriage party has been put……………… .
(g) The scheme has fallen.................for want of funds.
(h) There are................ ten thousand people in the stadium.
Ans. a. on, b. with, c. down, d. between, e. up, f. off, g. through, h. over
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. Lead an active life. Then you can be healthy.
(a) You can be healthy only if you lead an active life.
(b) Unless you lead an active life, you cannot be healthy.
(c) Unless you led an active life, you cannot be healthy.
(d) You can't be healthy until you are leading an active life.
Ans. (a) You can be healthy only if you lead an active life. (Complex)
Ans. (or) Lead an active life to be healthy. (Simple)
2. He is going to some place. No one knows the place.
(a) No one knows where he is going to.
(b) He is going to some place which nobody knows.
(c) He is going to some place which nobody knew.
(d) He is going to some place as nobody knows him.
Ans. (b) He is going to some place which nobody knows. (Complex)
Ans. (or) He is going to some unknown place. (Simple)
3. The floor is slippery. You have to walk carefully.
(a) You have to walk carefully as the floor is slippery.
(b) The floor is slippery hence walk carefully.
(c) The floor is slippery enough yet you have to walk carefully.
(d) The floor is slippery for you have to walk carefully.
Ans. (None) You have to walk carefully, for the floor is slippery. (Compound)
Ans. (or) You have to walk carefully because the floor is slippery. (Complex)
4. He is a vagabond. They had driven him out from the village.
(a) Since he was a vagabond, they had to drive his out from the village
(b) He is a vagabond as they had not driven him out from the village
(c) He is a vagabond because he was driven out from the village
(d) He is a vagabond as they had driven him out from the village.
Ans. (a) Since he was a vagabond, they had to drive him out from the village. (Complex)
Ans. (or) He being a vagabond, they had to drive him out from the village. (Simple)
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. If he apologises, he will be pardoned. (Use: unless)
(a) Unless he doesn't apologise, he will not be pardoned.
(b) Unless he doesn't apologise, he will not be at pardon.
(c) Unless he apologises, he will be pardoned.
(d) Unless he apologises, he will not be pardoned.
Ans. (d) Unless he apologises, he will not be pardoned.
2. Delhi is one of the most crowded cities in India. (Use: more crowded)
(a) Other cities in India are more crowded than Delhi.
(b) Other cities in India are not more crowded than Delhi.
(c) Delhi is more crowded than most other cities in India.
(d) Delhi is not more crowded than most other cities in India.
Ans. (c) Delhi is more crowded than most other cities in India.
3. "Attack," said the commander to the soldiers. "Do not give up." (Begin. The commander
ordered...)
(a) The commander ordered attack, do not give up to the soldiers.
(b) The commander ordered the soldiers to attack and not to give up.
(c) The commander ordered to attack, do not give up to the soldiers.
(d) The commander ordered to attack and not to give up to the soldiers.
Ans. (b) The commander ordered the soldiers to attack and not to give up.
4. Why should we buy biscuits when we can bake them ourselves? (Begin: Rather...)
(a) Rather than buying biscuits, we can bake them ourselves.
(b) Rather than to buy biscuits, we can bake them ourselves.
(c) Rather than taking biscuits, we should bake them ourselves.
(d) Rather than buying biscuits, we should bake ourselves.
Ans. (d) Rather than buying biscuits, we should bake them ourselves.
5. He consulted his friend before accepting the job offer. (Begin: He did not....)
(a) He did not accept the job offer before he consult his friend.
(b) He did not accept the job before he consulted his friend.
(c) He did not accept the job before consulting his friend.
(d) He did not consult his friend before accepting the job offer.
Ans. He did not accept the job before consulting his friend.
6. If she feels worse during the night, give her these tablets. (Begin: Should)
(a) Should she feels worse during the night, give her these tablets.
(b) Should she feel worse during the night, give her those tablets.
(c) Should she feel worse during the night, give her these tablets.
(d) Should she be feeling worse during the night, give her these tablets. .
Ans. Should she feel worse during the night, give her these tablets.
7. He's getting so absent-minded; he can't go on working much longer.
(End:.........................to go on working much longer.)
(a) He is getting absent-minded to go on working much longer.
(b) He is too absent-minded to go on working much longer.
(c) He has got absent-minded to go on working much longer.
(d) He is absent-minded to work much longer.
Ans. (b) He is too absent-minded to go on working much longer.
8. A bus collided with a car. (Begin: There was a collision…………)
(a) There was a collision with a bus and car.
(b) There was a collision of a bus and a car.
(c) There was a collision between a bus and a car.
(d) There was a collision from a bus with a car
Ans. (c) There was a collision between a bus and a car.
CHAPTER: 4 A. Tenses and Their Uses (1)
ASSIGNMENT
Change the verb in the brackets either to the Present Simple or the Present Continuous Tense:
1. When you…………………to Delhi, I shall see you. (Come)
2. The farmer always……………………… in his field. (work)
3. Look! Someone....................................... at the door. (knock)
4. I ………………at least five cups of tea every morning. (take)
5. She…………………………. in the kitchen at present. (cook)
6. We……………………………….. to Mumbai next week. (go).
7. Near the Equator, the sun………….. greater quantities of water. (evaporate)
8. World energy demand……………….. at the rate of 3% per year. (increase)
9. She is always………………………………. to him on the telephone. (talk)
10. The Bible................................... love of money is the root of all evil. (say)
Ans. 1. come, 2. works, 3. is knocking, 4. take, 5. is cooking, 6. are going, 7. evaporates, 8. is increasing, 9. talking, 10. says
Supply the Present Perfect Tense or the Present perfect Continuous Tense.
1. I................ all your letters. Please take them (bring)
2. Abha .............your letters since morning and she is only halfway through. (type)
3. I................. stamps ever since I joined this school.( collect)
4. Now I............. so many stamps that I do not know where to put them.(gather)
5. My towel is wet. Someone……………... it. (use)
6. I .................all the milk; nothing is left for you. (use)
7. The old man…………. at the bus- stop for an hour. Tell him that the last bus..........already. (stand, go)
8. I....................since morning and I cannot go home until late in the evening. (work).
9. He............... his work and he is going home now. (finish)
10. Sheetal................... for three hours and soon she will have to stop. (write)
Ans. 1. have brought, 2. has been typing, 3. have been collecting, 4. have gathered, 5. has used, 6. has been standing, 7. has already gone, 8. have been working, 9. has finished, 10. has been writing
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in the brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in the correct serial order, the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) growth
Factors like rapid population ......... (grow), early marriage of girls, illiteracy, poor health conditions, lack of access to financial resources and small land.....1..... (hold) become a burden on the nation's income thereby adversely.....2... (affect) the per capita income. Lack of entitlement, exclusion and deprivation, both relative and absolute, affecting people's capability,..3....... (be) the reasons for poverty. Some experts....4.... (feel) that poverty is a reflection of the economic state of....5.... (live) where poor people experience scarcity of certain amenities essential....6.... (live) like humans. Therefore, before....7.... (target) its complete eradication, poverty should....8.... (understand) as a multifaceted concept, inclusive of socio-economic and political factors.
Ans. 1. holdings, 2. affecting, 3. are, 4. feel, 5. living, 6. to live, 7. targeting, 8. should be understood
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Many people prefer the new system………. the old.
(b) Where can we dispose. ...................... these old clothes?
(c) The little boy jumped. ............. the wall effortlessly.
(d) An epidemic of malaria has broken....................the colony.
(e) We can't go………….all the details now.
(f) Do not have a grudge……….. anybody.
(g) She needs some rest; she looks run………….. .
(h) He complied……..the wishes of his father.
Ans. a. to, b. of, c. over, d. out, e. into, f. against, g. down, h. with
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. He is quite honest. She knows it.
(a) She knows that he is quite honest.
(b) He is quite honest since she knows it.
(c) She knows it because he is quite honest.
(d) She knew that he is quite honest.
Ans. (a) She knows that he is quite honest.
2. You wish to enjoy your weekend. Then you go to Nainital.
(a) Go to Nainital to wish and enjoy your weekend.
(b) Go to Nainital because you wish to enjoy your weekend.
(c) If you wish to enjoy your weekend, then go to Nainital.
(d) You wish to enjoy your weekend when you go to Nainital.
Ans. (c) Go to Nainital if you wish to enjoy your weekend.
Ans. (or) If you wish to enjoy your weekend, then you should go to Nainital.
3. The burglars fled across the border. They would otherwise have been caught.
(a) The burglars would rather have been caught, had they not fled across the border.
(b) The burglars were caught, had they not fled across the border.
(c) The burglars would have been caught, had they not fled across the border.
(d) The burglars could not be caught when they fled across the border.
Ans. (c) The burglars would have been caught, had they not fled across the border.
4. He lost his cell phone. It was his birthday present.
(a) He lost his birthday present cell phone.
(b) He lost his cell phone as it was his birthday present.
(c) He lost his cell phone which was his birthday present.
(d) He lost his cell phone for his birthday present.
Ans. (c) He lost his cell phone which was his birthday present.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. The police questioned the culprit for over two hours. (Begin: The culprit.....)
(a) The culprit was questioned by the police for over two hours.
(b) The culprit was in question by the police for over two hours.
(c) The culprit was in questioning by the police for over two hours.
(d) The culprit was questioned from the police for over two hours.
Ans. (a) The culprit was questioned by the police for over two hours.
2. If you complete your homework by evening, you will not be punished. (Use: unless)
(a) Unless you don't complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
(b) Unless you don't complete your homework by evening, you will not be punished.
(c) Unless you complete your homework by evening, you will be at punish.
(d) Unless you complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
Ans. (d) Unless you complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
Ans. (or) If you do not complete your homework by evening, you will be punished.
3. Mohan is so crafty that he doesn't listen to anybody. (Use: too)
(a) Mohan is too crafty that he doesn't listen to anybody.
(b) Mohan doesn't listen to anybody as he is too crafty.
(c) Mohan is too crafty to listen to anybody.
(d) Mohan is too crafty as he doesn't listen to anybody.
Ans. (c) Mohan is too crafty to listen to anybody.
4. She said to me, "What a pity, you missed my birthday party!" (Begin: She exclaimed...)
(a) She exclaimed what a pity you missed my birthday party!
(b) She exclaimed with pity for I missed her birthday party.
(c) She exclaimed with pity that I missed her birthday party.
(d) She exclaimed what a pity it was that I missed her birthday party.
Ans. (c) She exclaimed with pity that I missed her birthday party.
5. For more information, please contact the reception desk. (Begin: Should...)
(a) Should you need more information, contact the reception desk.
(b) Should you contact the reception desk for more information.
(c) Should you will need more information, contact the reception desk.
(d) Should you be contacting the reception desk for more information.
Ans. (a) Should you need more information, you are asked contact the reception desk.
Ans. (or) Contact the reception desk should you need more information.
6. The principal promised to look into the case. (Begin: The principal said ".....)
(a) The principal said, "He would promise to look into the case."
(b) The principal said, "I promise for looking into the said case."
(c) The principal said, "He would look into the case."
(d) The principal said, "I shall look into the case."
Ans. (d) The principal said, "I will look into the case."
7. You never know where your luck lies. (Begin: One.....)
(a) One never knows where your luck lies.
(b) One never knows where's one luck lies.
(c) One never knows where one's luck lies.
(d) One never know where your luck lies.
Ans. (c) One never knows where one's luck lies.
8. Many people have died in the village due to floods. (Begin: The floods claimed.....)
(a) The floods claimed many lives of village.
(b) The floods claimed the lives of many people in the village.
(c) The floods claimed the death of many people in the village.
(d) The floods claimed the lives of many villages.
Ans. (b) The floods claimed the lives of many people in the village.
Ans. (None) Floods have claimed the lives of many people in the village.
CHAPTER: 5 A. Tenses and Their Uses (2)
ASSIGNMENT
Complete the following sentences with the correct tense of the verbs given in the brackets:
1. My aunt.................... to India next week. (come)
2. He ............... loudly when I got up this morning. (shout)
3. I ...................... to his house several times. (be)
4. She realised that she.....…..the wrong decision. (take)
5. What.................you................. when the door bell rang? (do)
6. By the tenth of this month, I................. in this house for one year. (be)
7. He submitted the assignment which he ................ . (write)
8. Since when.....................M.r. Ghosh................ the Head of this department? (be)
9. My father said that he................... the house before the letter came. (leave)
10. Where …………..you.................. on vacation next month? (go)
11. When you come tomorrow morning, we.................... our dance practice. (have)
12. We.................... Shimla on 15th September. (reach)
13. I expect that the teacher………..his mind by tomorrow (change)
14. By the end of the month, I ................... music here for five years. (teach)
15. I ………… the work before you come tomorrow. (finish)
Ans. 1. is coming/will come/will be coming, 2. was shouting, 3. have been, 4. had taken, 5. were doing, 6. will have been, 7. had written, 8. has been, 9. had left, 10. are going, 11. will have, 12. are reaching/will reach, 13. will have changed, 14. will have taught, 15. will have finished
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage, but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example (0) was
Hoover ..0... (be) an engineer, desperately...1... (look) for a job. When he went to an industrialist, he....2.... (tell) that there was no vacancy for an engineer but there was one for a typist. Would he like.....3.... (join) as a typist. Hoover said that he would be happy to join as a typist but only after four days as he...4... (have) some urgent work. The employer 5.... (agree), Hoover didn't know how to type and......... (toil) day and night on a typewriter till he got it right. He got the job as he typed fast with no mistakes. Great people don't wait for big opportunities. They….7…. (make) use of small opportunities. This.....8... (be) Herbert Hoover, the 31st President of the United States.
Ans. 1. looking, 2. was told, 3. to join, 4. had, 5. agreed. 6. toiled, 7. make, 8. was
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) A rebellion has broken................... in our province
(b) Five kilometres are roughly equal............... three miles.
(c) The new driver did not come................ to my expectations.
(d) We should go ………….the plan again.
(e) The boy promised to return home................. an hour.
(f) Many emotional factors enter.................. their relationship.
(g) The old monument has fallen.................. ruin.
(h) We are doubtful………. his ability to complete the project in time.
Ans. a. out, b. to, c. up, d. over, e. an, f. within, g. into, h. of
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. He was praised. He was rewarded.
(a) He was praised or he was rewarded.
(b) Besides being praised, he was also rewarded.
(c) He was rewarded as he was praised.
(d) He was praised to be rewarded.
Ans. (b) Besides being praised, he was also rewarded. (Simple)
Ans (or) He was praised. as well as rewarded. (Compound)
Ans (or) He was not only praised but also rewarded. (Compound)
2. She is going out. It is raining heavily.
(a) It is heavily raining; therefore, she is going out.
(b) She is not going out despite it is raining heavily.
(c) As it is raining heavily, she is not going out.
(d) Though it is raining heavily, she is going out.
Ans. (d) Though it is raining heavily she is going out. (Complex)
Ans. (or) It is raining heavily, still/all the same she is going out. (Compound)
Ans. (or) In spite of/Despite heavy rains, she is going out. (Simple)
3. He is very poor. He cannot buy a house for himself.
(a) As he is very poor, he cannot himself buy a house.
(b) Upon being very poor, he cannot buy a house for himself.
(c) He is too poor to buy a house for himself.
(d) Because he is very poor, he cannot himself buy a house.
Ans. (c) He is too poor to buy a house for himself. (Simple)
Ans. (or) He is so poor that he cannot buy a house for himself. (Complex)
4. He can't be employed. He has no work experience.
(a) Since he has no work experience, he can't be employed.
(b) Since he had work experience, he can't be employed.
(c) He can't be employed for work experience.
(d) He can't be employed due to work experience.
Ans. (a) Since he has no work experience, he can't be employed. (Complex)
Ans. (or) He can't be employed, for he has no work experience. (Compound)
Ans. (or) He can't be employed because he has no work experience. (Complex)
Ans. (or) Due to his lack of work experience, he can't be employed. (Simple)
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. No sooner did the bell ring than the students rushed out of the classroom. (Use: as)
(a) As soon as the bell rings, the students rushed out of the classroom.
(b) As soon as the bell will ring, the students rushed out of the classroom.
(c) As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.
(d) The students rushed out of the classroom as soon as the bell rung.
Ans. (c) As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.
2. Very few towns in India are as old as Delhi. (Begin: Delhi…..)
(a) Delhi is older than most other towns in India.
(b) Delhi is one of the oldest towns in India.
(c) Delhi is the oldest town in India.
(d) Delhi is one of the few oldest towns in India.
Ans. (b) Delhi is one of the oldest towns in India. (Superlative Degree)
Ans. (or) Delhi is older than most other towns in India. (Comparative Degree)
3. I asked the policeman the way to the hospital. (Begin: "Could”....)
(a) "Could you tell me the way to the hospital?" I was asking the policeman.
(b) "Could you please tell me the way to the hospital?” I asked the policeman.
(c) "Could the policeman tell me the way to the hospital?"
(d) "Could you told me the way to the hospital?" I asked the policeman.
Ans. (b) "Could you please tell me the way to the hospital?" I asked the policeman.
4. Nobody will deny that she is able. (Begin: Everyone.......)
(a) Everyone will admit that she is able.
(b) Everyone will accept that she is able.
(c) Everyone will not deny that she is able.
(d) Everyone will deny that she is able.
Ans. (b) Everyone will accept that she is able.
5. Our plan cannot be implemented immediately. (Use: effect)
(a) Our plan cannot be effected immediately.
(b) Our plan cannot effectly implemented immediately.
(c) Our plan cannot be put into effect immediately.
(d) Our plan effect cannot be implemented immediately.
Ans. (c) Our plan cannot be put into effect immediately.
6. You remembered to take your car keys, didn't you? (Begin: You didn't.....)
(a) You didn't remember your car keys?
(b) You didn't forget to take your car keys, did you?
(c) You didn't remember to take your keys, didn't you?
(d) You didn't forget your car keys?
Ans. (b) You didn't forget to take your car keys, did you?
7. In spite of the bad weather, a huge crowd came to see the match. (Begin: The bad weather.....)
(a) The bad weather did not stop the crowd to coming to see the match.
(b) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd from coming to see the match.
(c) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd coming from seeing the match.
(d) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd to coming to see the match.
Ans. (b) The bad weather did not prevent the crowd from coming to see the match.
8. Not only did he give him money, but also helped him complete his work. (Use: Besides)
(a) Besides money he was helped to complete his work.
(b) Besides help with money, he completed the work.
(c) Besides giving him money, he helped him complete his work.
(d) Besides giving money, he can be helped in his work.
Ans. (c) Besides giving him money, he helped him complete his work.
CHAPTER: 6 A. Sequence of Tenses
Put the appropriate tense of the verbs given in brackets.
1. I will not help him until he..................for it. (ask)
2. She boasted as if she .........................everything. (know)
3. My uncle told me that he.................. a good profit. (make)
4. He called me as many times as he............... (want)
5. She wrote as fast as she............... . (can)
6. I knew the doctor who.................here. (come)
7. He pretends as if he ................ blind. (be)
8. You will be glad to know that I………..the competition.(win)
9. He assured me that he................... my watch. (repair)
10. He works hard so that he................. get the scholarship. (may)
Ans. 1. asks, 2. knew, 3. made/would make, 4. wanted, 5. could, 6. came/had come, 7. were, 8. have won, 9. would repair, 10. may get
Question 5
Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) heard
Fleming was a Scottish farmer. One day at work in a field, he....0.... (hear) a cry for help. …1……. (Follow) the sound, Fleming came to a deep bog, in which a boy was stuck up. Fleming ……2…… (pull) the boy to safety. The next day a carriage ……3…….. (arrive) at Fleming's farmhouse. A well-dressed man ………4……. (step) out and introduced himself as the father of the boy whom Fleming ……5…… (save). "You saved my son's life," said the man to Fleming, "How can I repay you?"
"I don't want any payment." Fleming replied. At that moment. Fleming's own young son appeared at the farmhouse door. "Is he your son?" the man asked.
"Yes," said Fleming proudly.
"T have an idea. Let me pay for your son's education. If he's like his father, he ……6…..(grow) to be a man we'll both be proud of." And so the visitor did. The farmer's son later became the world-renowned Nobel Prize-winning scientist and discoverer of penicillin, Sir Alexander Fleming. It …7…..... (say) that many years later, the grown up man who'd been saved from the bog as a boy was.......8…… (strike) with pneumonia. Penicillin saved his life. He was Sir Winston Churchill, the former Prime Minister of England.
1.following, 2. pulled, 3. arrived, 4. stepped, 5. had saved, 6. will grow, 7. is said, 8. was struck
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) Students need heroes to look …………… .
(b) She was crying …………. her misfortune.
(c) The rabbit entered ………… its hole.
(d) Her parents can't make …………. what she wants.
(e) Can we agree ………….. the main points?
(f) You must protest……………what is unjust..
(g) The old man passed……………….in his sleep.
(h) We are hoping……………..a revision in salary.
Ans. up to, over, into, out, on, against, away, for
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. When will the function begin? Please tell me the time.
(a) Please tell me the time at which the function will begin.
(b) Please tell me the time when will the function begin.
(c) Please tell me the time when the function will begin.
(d) Please tell me the time when would the function begin.
Ans. (c) Please tell me the time when the function will begin.
2. You may need money. Take the purse with you.
(a) Take the purse with you as you need money.
(b) Take the purse with you in case you may need money.
(c) Take the purse with you, in case you need money.
(d) Take the purse with you because you have no money.
Ans. (c) Take the purse with you in case you need money.
Ans. (or) Take the purse with you lest you should need money.
3. Angels fear to tread in some places. Fools rush in there.
(a) Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
(b) Fools rushed in where angel fears to tread.
(c) A fool rushes in when angels feared to tread.
(d) Fools rush where angels are fearful to tread.
Ans. (a) Fools rush in where angels fear to tread.
4. He lost his passport. He lost his money.
(a) He lost his passport with all his money.
(b) He lost his passport as well as his money.
(c) He lost his passport having all his money.
(d) He lost his passport with his money.
Ans. (b) He lost his passport as well as his money.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. Rosa is a very clever girl and is always cheerful (Begin: Besides……….)
a) Besides a very clever girl, Rosa is always cheerful.
b) Besides being clever, Rosa is always cheerful.
c) Besides being a very clever girl, Rosa is always cheerful too.
d) Besides being cheerful, Rosa is always clever.
Ans. Besides being a very clever girl, Rosa is always cheerful too.
2. He conducted the show like a trained artist. (Use: as if)
a) He conducted the show as he were a trained artist.
b) He conducted the show as if he had been a trained artist.
c) He conducted the show as if he was a trained artist
d) He conducted the show as if a trained artist.
Ans. c) He conducted the show as if he were a trained artist.
3. Had I not helped him, my brother would not have succeeded. (Begin: But...)
(a) But I had not helped him, my brother would not have succeeded.
(b) But for I did not helped him, my brother would not have succeeded.
(c) But for my help, my brother would not have succeeded.
(d) But if I did not help him, my brother would have succeeded.
Ans. (c) But for my help, my brother would not have succeeded.
4. The mother advised her children not to go out. (End with.……..” said the mother.)
(a) "Do not go out", said the mother.
(b) "Please do not go out", said the mother.
(c) "You should not go out", said the mother.
(d) "Do not go out, children", said the mother.
Ans. (d) "Do not go out, children", said the mother.
5. Nobody knows much about his plans. (Use: little)
(a) Everybody knows little about his plans.
(b) Nobody knows little about his plans.
(c) Little did anybody know about his plans
d) Little do everybody knows about his plans.
Ans. Little did anybody know about his plans.
6. When their parents died, their aunt took care of them. (Use: brought up)
(a) When their parents died, their aunt brought up carefully.
(b) When their parents died, their aunt brought them up.
(c) When their parents died, they were being brought up by their aunt.
(d) When their parents died, their aunt brought them up carefully.
Ans. (d) When their parents died, their aunt brought them up carefully.
7. She is poor but she is generous. (Begin: Notwithstanding.....)
(a) Notwithstanding she is poor, she is generous.
(b) Notwithstanding her poorness, she is generous.
(c) Notwithstanding her poverty, she is generous.
(d) Notwithstanding her poverty, she appears generous.
Ans. (a) Notwithstanding she is poor, she is generous.
8. She was in such a terrible state that I will never forget it. (Begin: I will never forget what.....)
(a) I will never forget in what terrible state she was in.
(b) I will never forget what a terrible state she was in.
(c) I will never ever forget what a terrible state she is in.
(d) I will never forget what terribly state she was in.
Ans. (b) I will never forget what a terrible state she was in.
CHAPTER: 7 A. Conditional Sentences
ASSIGNMENT
Fill in the blanks with the correct tenses of the verbs given in brackets.
1. If she…………. (finish) work early, she, ………….(go) home.
2. Ice …………. (turn) to water if you …………..(heat) it.
3. If we succeeded, we…………… (get) a reward.
4. If you …………….. (not like) this one. I'll bring you another.
5. I could tell you the meaning if I …………… (know) Latin..
6. If Manas had tried harder, he ………………….. (succeed).
7. I ………………….. (not eat) if I were you.
8. If I had any sense, I ……………. (not buy) a second hand car
9. Tell him to speak to me, if you ………… (see) him.
10. If I ………… (know) that you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
11. Unless you ……….. (pay) him a good salary, he ………… (not work) for you.
12. I …………..... (buy) that house if I could afford it.
13. If I had asked you, …………… you (come).
14. If he worked hard, he .............. (be) rich.
15. If I had repaired my car earlier, I ................... (drive) you to Ambala.
Answers:
1. If she finishes work early, she can go home.
2. Ice turns to water if you heat it.
3. If we succeeded we could get a reward.
4. If you do not like this one, I'll bring you another.
5. I could tell you the meaning if I knew Latin.
6. If Manas had tried harder, he could have succeeded.
7. I would not eat/would not have eaten it if I were you.
8. If I had any sense, I would not buy/ would not have bought a second hand car.
9. Tell him to speak to me, if you see him.
10. If I had known that you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
11. Unless you pay him a good salary, he will not work for you.
12. I would buy that house, if I could afford it.
13. If I had asked you, you would have come.
14. If he worked hard, he could be rich.
15. If I had repaired my car earlier, I could have driven you to Ambala.
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) was provided
A minister in the government whose knowledge of English was very poor....0..... (provide)
with a secretary....1.... (write) speeches for him."....2.... (Give) me a fifteen minute speech on
the non-aligned movement,"....3.... (order) the minister.
The text was prepared to last fifteen minutes. But when the minister proceeded....4.... (make) his speech, it took him half an hour to do so. The organizers of the conference ......5.... (upset) because their schedule....7.... (disturb). The minister was upset because his secretary had let him down. He upbraided him: "I ......7.... (ask) you for a fifteen minute speech; but you gave me a half-hour speech. Why?" he demanded.
"Sir, I gave you a fifteen minute speech; but you …....8.... (read) out its carbon copy as well.”
Ans: 1.to write, 2. give, 3. ordered, 4. to make, 5. were upset, 6. was disturbed, 7. had asked, 8. gave
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) The two lines pass ………….. each other at right angles.
(b) The cargo ship is bound.........................Singapore.
(c) The burglar came in.............................. the window.
(d) He has learnt many things …………. experience.
(e) I agreed ……… him on all points.
(f) The plane touched..........................at Mumbai at 11.00 pm.
(g) He is particular ………….. how he looks.
(h) A scientist has come............................. with a new invention.
.
Ans. a. x, b. for, c. through, d. with/from, e. with, f. down, g. about, h. up
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. What will they do now? All depends on that.
(a) All that depends at what they will do now.
(b) All depends on what they did now.
(c) All depends on what they will do now.
(d) All depends on that they will do now.
Ans. c. All depends on what they will do now.
2. Don't get down. The bus must stop.
(a) The bus must stop yet don't get down.
(b) Don't get down if the bus must stop.
(c) Don't get down or the bus would stop.
(d) Don't get down until the bus stops.
Ans. d. Don't get down until the bus stops.
3. We were successful. We were in high spirits.
(a) We were successful to be in high spirits.
(b) Along with being successful, we were in high spirits.
(c) After the success, we were in high spirits.
(d) Though we were successful also in high spirits.
Ans. c. After the success, we were in high spirits.
Ans. We were successful, hence/therefore we were in high spirits.
Ans. Since/As we were successful, we were in high spirits.
Ans. We were in high spirits, for we were successful.
Ans. We were in high spirits because we were successful.
Ans. Due to being successful, we were in high spirits.
Ans. We were in high spirits, for being successful.
4. They went to bed. They were very tired.
(a) They went to bed being they were very tired.
(b) Since they were very tired they went to bed.
(c) They went to bed because they were not very tired.
(d) They were very tired to go to bed.
Ans. (b) Since they were very tired, they went to bed. (Complex)
Ans. (or) They were very tired, therefore/hence they went to bed. (Compound)
Ans. (or) Due to being very tired, they went to bed. (Simple)
Ans. (or) They went to bed, for they were very tired. (Compound)
Ans. (or) They went to bed, for being very tired. (Simple)
Ans. (or) They went to bed because they were very tired. (Complex)
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct option.
1. People say that bananas are better than apples. (Begin: Bananas are.....)
(a) Bananas are better than apples.
(b) Bananas are better then apples, people say.
(c) Bananas are better than apples, people said.
(d) "Bananas are better than apples." people say.
Ans. (a) Bananas are said to be better than apples.
Ans. (or) It is said that bananas are better than apples.
2. Besides being hard working, he is intelligent. (Use: not only....but also)
(a) Besides not only being hard working but also he is intelligent.
(b) He was not only hard working but also intelligent.
(c) He is not only hard working, but also intelligent.
(d) He is not only hard working but also he is intelligent.
Ans. (c) He is not only hard working, but also intelligent.
3. Give him some more time and he will complete this work by tomorrow. (Begin: If ....)
(a) If he is given some more time, he will complete the work by tomorrow.
(b) If given more time he will complete this work till tomorrow.
(c) If we give him some more time, he will be able to complete this work tomorrow.
(d). If he is given some more time, he would complete this work tomorrow.
Ans. (a) If he is given some more time, he will complete the work by tomorrow.
Ans. (or) Given some more time, he will complete the work by tomorrow.
4. Although Joe is tall, he is not strong. (Begin: Tall as........)
(a) Tall as Joe, although he is not strong.
(b) Tall as Joe as he is strong.
(c) Tall as Joe is, he is not strong.
(d) Tall as Joe, he is not strong.
Ans. (c) Tall as Joe is, he is not strong.
Ans. (or) Notwithstanding Joe is tall, he is not strong.
Ans. (or) Joe is tall, still/nevertheless he is not strong.
Ans. (or) Despite/In spite of being tall, Joe is not strong.
5. "Please teach me how to play the guitar," she said to her brother.
(Begin: She asked her brother......)
(a) She asked her brother to teach her how to play the guitar.
(b) She asked her brother please teach me how to play the guitar.
(c) She asked her brother to please teach her how to play the guitar.
(d) She asked her brother to teach her on how to play the guitar.
Ans. (a) She asked her brother to teach her how to play the guitar.
Ans. (or) She requested her brother to teach her how to play the guitar.
6. My friend returned from London one week ago. (Begin: It......)
(a) It has been a week when my friend returned from London.
(b) It has been a week since my friend returned from London.
(c) It has been one week since my friend returned from London.
(d) It has been one week ago since my friend returned from London.
Ans. (b) It has been a week since my friend returned from London.
Ans. (or) It is a week since my friend returned from London.
7. She regretted her inability to attend the meeting. (Begin: She told us ....)
(a) She told us regretfully that she would not attend the meeting.
(b) She told us she regretted her inability to attend the meeting.
(c) She told us she regretted her inability for attending the meeting.
(d) She told us regretfully that she would not come for the meeting.
Ans. (b) She told us she regretted her inability to attend the meeting.
8. People believed that dreams come true. (Begin: It is .....)
(a) It is people's belief that dreams come true.
(b) It is the believes of people that dreams come true.
(c) It is people's belief for dreams to come true.
(d) It is people's believe that dreams come true.
Ans. (a) It is people's belief that dreams come true.
CHAPTER: 8 A. Active and Passive Voice
ASSIGNMENT
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Change only what you are asked to do and make a correct sentence. Do not alter the meaning.
1. She invited me to her birthday party yesterday. (Begin: I was…………..)
Ans. I was invited to her birthday party yesterday.
2. They propose to build a school in the village. (Begin: It is………….)
Ans. It is proposed to build a school in the village.
Ans. (or) A school is proposed to be built in the village.
3. All desire success and some achieve it. (End: ………………….. by some.)
Ans. Success is desired by all, but it is achieved by some. (Compound)
Ans. or, All desire success, while some achieve it. (Compound)
Ans. or, Though/Even though success is desired by all, it is achieved by some. (Complex)
4. Cut the vegetables just now. (Begin: You are.)
Ans. You are asked to cut the vegetables now.
Ans. You are asked to cut the vegetables now.
5. The rules forbid the audience to enter the hall without a pass (Begin; The audience……)
Ans. The audience is forbidden to enter the hall without a pass
6. Her friends accused her of being rude. (End:………… her friends.)
Ans. She was accused by her friends of being rude.
7. Mrs Gupta pretended to be a wealthy woman. (Begin: It…………..)
Ans. It is said that Mrs Gupta pretended to be a wealthy woman.
Ans. It is Mrs Gupta who pretended to be a wealthy woman.
8. It will greatly surprise Mr Das if they elect him. End:.. …………elected
Ans. It will greatly surprise Mr Das if he is elected.
Ans. Mr Das will greatly be surprised if he is elected.
9. Everyone will blame me for my son's behaviour. (Begin: I...................... )
Ans. I will be blamed (by everyone) for my son's behaviour.
10. It is time to switch off the lights. (End:………………….……switched off)
Ans. It is time for the lights to be/being switched off.
.
11. You must listen to your mother's advice. (Begin: Your ....................)
Ans. Your mother's advice must be listened to by you.
12. Do not look down upon the poor. (End: ....................... down upon)
Ans. Let not the poor be looked down upon.
Ans. Let the poor not be looked down upon.
13. We so often feel that these situations need never arise. (End: ...............felt by us that these situations need never arise.)
Ans. It is so often felt by us that these situations need never arise.
14. Alas! We shall hear his voice no more. (Begin: Alas! His voice…………...)
Ans. Alas! His voice will no more be heard by us.
15. Too much is being taken for granted. (Begin: They are …………….)
Ans. They are taking too much for granted
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage, but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) employed
In the olden days, when merchant ships usually ………… (employ) teenage boys as part of the crew, a lad ……1……. (apply) for one of these jobs. The owner of the …….2... (ship) company asked him what he ……3….. (can) do.
"I can do my best," the boy answered, "to do what you are kind enough …4……. (let) met try.” "What have you done?" asked the owner.
"I …5……. (saw) and split wood for my mother for nearly two years," replied the boy. "What have you not done?" asked the employer.
After some …..6...... (think) the boy said, "I have not gossiped in school for over a year.”
“That is enough," said the merchant, "I ……7…… (take) you aboard my vessel and I hope some day.......8…… . (see) you as its captain. A boy who can master a wood-pile and control his tongue must have good stuff in him."
Ans: 1. applied, 2. shipping, 3. could, 4. to let, 5. sawed, 6. thinking, 7. will take, 8. will see
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) The burglar broke ………….. under questioning.
(b) How did such a situation come …………. ?
(c) The Sports Day went ………….. well this year.
(d) The company has taken …………… a number of small firms.
(e) The lightning flashed ……………………the sky.
(f) The soldiers held the fort ……………… all attacks.
(g) The scheme has fallen ………….. for want of financial support
(h) I gave ……………. all my old books.
Ans: a. down, b. about, c. off, d. over, e. across, f. against, g. through, h. away
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so.’ Choose the correct option.
1. I speak the truth. I am not afraid of it.
(a) I speak the truth being not afraid of it.
(b) I am not afraid of speaking the truth.
(c) I am not afraid for speaking the truth.
(d) I am not afraid to speaking the truth.
Ans. (b) I am not afraid of speaking the truth.
2. He injured his foot. He was running the race.
(a) He injured his foot while running the race.
(b) He injured his foot because he ran in the race.
(e) He was running the race for he injured his foot.
(d) He injured his foot after he was running the race.
Ans. (a) He injured his foot while running the race.
3. Turn to the right. You will find the shop.
(a) You will find the shop before you turn to the right.
(b) Turning to the right, you will find the shop.
(c) You will not find the shop if you turn to the right.
(d) Turning to the right, you may find the shop.
Ans. (b) Turning to the right, you will find the shop. (Simple)
Ans. or, If you turn to the right, you will find the shop. (Complex)
4. Read good books. Then you can improve your language.
(a) By reading good books, you cannot improve your language.
(b) Read good books for you can improve your language.
(c) Unless you read good books, you cannot improve your language.
(d) Unless you read good books you can improve your language.
Ans. (c) Unless you read good books, you cannot improve your language.
Ans. (or) By reading good books, you can improve your language.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. Alexander conquered many countries, yet he was not happy. (Begin: In spite of.....)
(a) In spite of conquering many countries, Alexander was not happy.
(b) In spite of he conquered many countries, yet Alexander was not happy.
(c) In spite of Alexander conquering many countries, yet he is not happy.
(d) In spite of Alexander conquering many countries, yet he was not happy.
Ans. (a) In spite of/Despite conquering many countries, Alexander was not happy.
2. There's no point in taking a loan if we cannot repay it. (Begin: What's.....)
(a) What's the point of taking a loan when we cannot repay it?
(b) What's the point of taking a loan if we will not repay it?
(c) What's the point in taking the loan if we cannot repay it?
(d) What's the point of taking a loan if we should repay it?
Ans. (a) What's the point of taking a loan when we cannot repay it?
3. He had not been invited, otherwise he would have come. (Begin: Had.....)
(a) Had he not been invited otherwise he would have come.
(b) Had he be invited otherwise he would have come.
(c) Had he been invited otherwise he would have come.
(d) Had he been invited he would have come.
Ans. (d) Had he been invited, he would have come.
Ans. (d) If he had been invited, he would have come.
4. Simmi is the best singer we have. (Begin: We don't......)
(a) We don't have a best singer than Simmi.
(b) We don't have a singer as good as Simmi.
c) We didn't have a best singer than Simmi.
Ans. (b) We don't have a singer as good as Simmi.
Ans. or, No other singer we have is so good as Simmi.
Ans. Simmi is better than any other singer we have.
Ans. (b) We don't have a singer as good as Simmi.
5. There is no success without hard work. (Begin: Wherever...)
(a) Wherever there is no hard work, there is no success
(b) Wherever there is hard work, there is success.
(c) Wherever there is hard work, there is no success.
(d) Wherever there is success, there will be hard work.
Ans. (b) Wherever there is hard work, there is success.
6. Nitin requested Bela to wait there till he returned. (Begin: Nitin said.....)
(a) Nitin said Bela wait till I return.
(b) Nitin said to Bela, "Wait there till I return".
(c) Nitin said to Bela to wait here till he returns
(d) Nitin said to Bela, "Wait here till I return".
.Ans. (d) Nitin said to Bela, "Wait here till I return".
7. Crossing the road at a busy junction is dangerous. (Begin: It.....)
(a) It is dangerous to cross the road at a busy junction.
(b) It is dangerous crossing the road at a busy junction.
(c) It is dangerous to cross the road in a busy junction.
(d) It is dangerous crossing the road in a busy junction.
Ans. (a) It is dangerous to cross the road at a busy junction.
Ans. (b) It is dangerous crossing the road at a busy junction.
8. Since Rakesh's leg was fractured, the doctor forbade him to go out. (Use: forbidden to go out.)
(a) Having Rakesh's fractured leg, he was forbidden to go out by the doctor.
(b) Having Rakesh's leg, fractured, he was forbidden to go out by the doctor.
(c) His leg being fractured, Rakesh was forbidden by the doctor to go out.
(d) Having fractured his leg, Rakesh was forbidden to go out by the doctor.
Ans. (c) His leg being fractured, Rakesh was forbidden by the doctor to go out.
Fill in the blanks with the correct tenses of the verbs given in brackets.
1. If she…………. (finish) work early, she, ………….(go) home.
2. Ice …………. (turn) to water if you …………..(heat) it.
3. If we succeeded, we…………… (get) a reward.
4. If you …………….. (not like) this one. I'll bring you another.
5. I could tell you the meaning if I …………… (know) Latin..
6. If Manas had tried harder, he ………………….. (succeed).
7. I ………………….. (not eat) if I were you.
8. If I had any sense, I ……………. (not buy) a second hand car
9. Tell him to speak to me, if you ………… (see) him.
10. If I ………… (know) that you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
11. Unless you ……….. (pay) him a good salary, he ………… (not work) for you.
12. I …………..... (buy) that house if I could afford it.
13. If I had asked you, …………… you (come).
14. If he worked hard, he .............. (be) rich.
15. If I had repaired my car earlier, I ................... (drive) you to Ambala.
Answers:
1. If she finishes work early, she can go home.
2. Ice turns to water if you heat it.
3. If we succeeded we could get a reward.
4. If you do not like this one, I'll bring you another.
5. I could tell you the meaning if I knew Latin.
6. If Manas had tried harder, he could have succeeded.
7. I would not eat/would not have eaten it if I were you.
8. If I had any sense, I would not buy/ would not have bought a second hand car.
9. Tell him to speak to me, if you see him.
10. If I had known that you were coming, I would have baked a cake.
11. Unless you pay him a good salary, he will not work for you.
12. I would buy that house, if I could afford it.
13. If I had asked you, you would have come.
14. If he worked hard, he could be rich.
15. If I had repaired my car earlier, I could have driven you to Ambala.
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) was provided
A minister in the government whose knowledge of English was very poor....0..... (provide)
with a secretary....1.... (write) speeches for him."....2.... (Give) me a fifteen minute speech on
the non-aligned movement,"....3.... (order) the minister.
The text was prepared to last fifteen minutes. But when the minister proceeded....4.... (make) his speech, it took him half an hour to do so. The organizers of the conference ......5.... (upset) because their schedule....7.... (disturb). The minister was upset because his secretary had let him down. He upbraided him: "I ......7.... (ask) you for a fifteen minute speech; but you gave me a half-hour speech. Why?" he demanded.
"Sir, I gave you a fifteen minute speech; but you …....8.... (read) out its carbon copy as well.”
Ans: 1.to write, 2. give, 3. ordered, 4. to make, 5. were upset, 6. was disturbed, 7. had asked, 8. gave
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) The two lines pass ………….. each other at right angles.
(b) The cargo ship is bound.........................Singapore.
(c) The burglar came in.............................. the window.
(d) He has learnt many things …………. experience.
(e) I agreed ……… him on all points.
(f) The plane touched..........................at Mumbai at 11.00 pm.
(g) He is particular ………….. how he looks.
(h) A scientist has come............................. with a new invention.
.
Ans. a. x, b. for, c. through, d. with/from, e. with, f. down, g. about, h. up
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so’. Choose the correct option.
1. What will they do now? All depends on that.
(a) All that depends at what they will do now.
(b) All depends on what they did now.
(c) All depends on what they will do now.
(d) All depends on that they will do now.
Ans. c. All depends on what they will do now.
2. Don't get down. The bus must stop.
(a) The bus must stop yet don't get down.
(b) Don't get down if the bus must stop.
(c) Don't get down or the bus would stop.
(d) Don't get down until the bus stops.
Ans. d. Don't get down until the bus stops.
3. We were successful. We were in high spirits.
(a) We were successful to be in high spirits.
(b) Along with being successful, we were in high spirits.
(c) After the success, we were in high spirits.
(d) Though we were successful also in high spirits.
Ans. c. After the success, we were in high spirits.
Ans. We were successful, hence/therefore we were in high spirits.
Ans. Since/As we were successful, we were in high spirits.
Ans. We were in high spirits, for we were successful.
Ans. We were in high spirits because we were successful.
Ans. Due to being successful, we were in high spirits.
Ans. We were in high spirits, for being successful.
4. They went to bed. They were very tired.
(a) They went to bed being they were very tired.
(b) Since they were very tired they went to bed.
(c) They went to bed because they were not very tired.
(d) They were very tired to go to bed.
Ans. (b) Since they were very tired, they went to bed. (Complex)
Ans. (or) They were very tired, therefore/hence they went to bed. (Compound)
Ans. (or) Due to being very tired, they went to bed. (Simple)
Ans. (or) They went to bed, for they were very tired. (Compound)
Ans. (or) They went to bed, for being very tired. (Simple)
Ans. (or) They went to bed because they were very tired. (Complex)
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct option.
1. People say that bananas are better than apples. (Begin: Bananas are.....)
(a) Bananas are better than apples.
(b) Bananas are better then apples, people say.
(c) Bananas are better than apples, people said.
(d) "Bananas are better than apples." people say.
Ans. (a) Bananas are said to be better than apples.
Ans. (or) It is said that bananas are better than apples.
2. Besides being hard working, he is intelligent. (Use: not only....but also)
(a) Besides not only being hard working but also he is intelligent.
(b) He was not only hard working but also intelligent.
(c) He is not only hard working, but also intelligent.
(d) He is not only hard working but also he is intelligent.
Ans. (c) He is not only hard working, but also intelligent.
3. Give him some more time and he will complete this work by tomorrow. (Begin: If ....)
(a) If he is given some more time, he will complete the work by tomorrow.
(b) If given more time he will complete this work till tomorrow.
(c) If we give him some more time, he will be able to complete this work tomorrow.
(d). If he is given some more time, he would complete this work tomorrow.
Ans. (a) If he is given some more time, he will complete the work by tomorrow.
Ans. (or) Given some more time, he will complete the work by tomorrow.
4. Although Joe is tall, he is not strong. (Begin: Tall as........)
(a) Tall as Joe, although he is not strong.
(b) Tall as Joe as he is strong.
(c) Tall as Joe is, he is not strong.
(d) Tall as Joe, he is not strong.
Ans. (c) Tall as Joe is, he is not strong.
Ans. (or) Notwithstanding Joe is tall, he is not strong.
Ans. (or) Joe is tall, still/nevertheless he is not strong.
Ans. (or) Despite/In spite of being tall, Joe is not strong.
5. "Please teach me how to play the guitar," she said to her brother.
(Begin: She asked her brother......)
(a) She asked her brother to teach her how to play the guitar.
(b) She asked her brother please teach me how to play the guitar.
(c) She asked her brother to please teach her how to play the guitar.
(d) She asked her brother to teach her on how to play the guitar.
Ans. (a) She asked her brother to teach her how to play the guitar.
Ans. (or) She requested her brother to teach her how to play the guitar.
6. My friend returned from London one week ago. (Begin: It......)
(a) It has been a week when my friend returned from London.
(b) It has been a week since my friend returned from London.
(c) It has been one week since my friend returned from London.
(d) It has been one week ago since my friend returned from London.
Ans. (b) It has been a week since my friend returned from London.
Ans. (or) It is a week since my friend returned from London.
7. She regretted her inability to attend the meeting. (Begin: She told us ....)
(a) She told us regretfully that she would not attend the meeting.
(b) She told us she regretted her inability to attend the meeting.
(c) She told us she regretted her inability for attending the meeting.
(d) She told us regretfully that she would not come for the meeting.
Ans. (b) She told us she regretted her inability to attend the meeting.
8. People believed that dreams come true. (Begin: It is .....)
(a) It is people's belief that dreams come true.
(b) It is the believes of people that dreams come true.
(c) It is people's belief for dreams to come true.
(d) It is people's believe that dreams come true.
Ans. (a) It is people's belief that dreams come true.
CHAPTER: 8 A. Active and Passive Voice
ASSIGNMENT
Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Change only what you are asked to do and make a correct sentence. Do not alter the meaning.
1. She invited me to her birthday party yesterday. (Begin: I was…………..)
Ans. I was invited to her birthday party yesterday.
2. They propose to build a school in the village. (Begin: It is………….)
Ans. It is proposed to build a school in the village.
Ans. (or) A school is proposed to be built in the village.
3. All desire success and some achieve it. (End: ………………….. by some.)
Ans. Success is desired by all, but it is achieved by some. (Compound)
Ans. or, All desire success, while some achieve it. (Compound)
Ans. or, Though/Even though success is desired by all, it is achieved by some. (Complex)
4. Cut the vegetables just now. (Begin: You are.)
Ans. You are asked to cut the vegetables now.
Ans. You are asked to cut the vegetables now.
5. The rules forbid the audience to enter the hall without a pass (Begin; The audience……)
Ans. The audience is forbidden to enter the hall without a pass
6. Her friends accused her of being rude. (End:………… her friends.)
Ans. She was accused by her friends of being rude.
7. Mrs Gupta pretended to be a wealthy woman. (Begin: It…………..)
Ans. It is said that Mrs Gupta pretended to be a wealthy woman.
Ans. It is Mrs Gupta who pretended to be a wealthy woman.
8. It will greatly surprise Mr Das if they elect him. End:.. …………elected
Ans. It will greatly surprise Mr Das if he is elected.
Ans. Mr Das will greatly be surprised if he is elected.
9. Everyone will blame me for my son's behaviour. (Begin: I...................... )
Ans. I will be blamed (by everyone) for my son's behaviour.
10. It is time to switch off the lights. (End:………………….……switched off)
Ans. It is time for the lights to be/being switched off.
.
11. You must listen to your mother's advice. (Begin: Your ....................)
Ans. Your mother's advice must be listened to by you.
12. Do not look down upon the poor. (End: ....................... down upon)
Ans. Let not the poor be looked down upon.
Ans. Let the poor not be looked down upon.
13. We so often feel that these situations need never arise. (End: ...............felt by us that these situations need never arise.)
Ans. It is so often felt by us that these situations need never arise.
14. Alas! We shall hear his voice no more. (Begin: Alas! His voice…………...)
Ans. Alas! His voice will no more be heard by us.
15. Too much is being taken for granted. (Begin: They are …………….)
Ans. They are taking too much for granted
Question 5
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not copy the passage, but write in correct serial order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
Example: (0) employed
In the olden days, when merchant ships usually ………… (employ) teenage boys as part of the crew, a lad ……1……. (apply) for one of these jobs. The owner of the …….2... (ship) company asked him what he ……3….. (can) do.
"I can do my best," the boy answered, "to do what you are kind enough …4……. (let) met try.” "What have you done?" asked the owner.
"I …5……. (saw) and split wood for my mother for nearly two years," replied the boy. "What have you not done?" asked the employer.
After some …..6...... (think) the boy said, "I have not gossiped in school for over a year.”
“That is enough," said the merchant, "I ……7…… (take) you aboard my vessel and I hope some day.......8…… . (see) you as its captain. A boy who can master a wood-pile and control his tongue must have good stuff in him."
Ans: 1. applied, 2. shipping, 3. could, 4. to let, 5. sawed, 6. thinking, 7. will take, 8. will see
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
(a) The burglar broke ………….. under questioning.
(b) How did such a situation come …………. ?
(c) The Sports Day went ………….. well this year.
(d) The company has taken …………… a number of small firms.
(e) The lightning flashed ……………………the sky.
(f) The soldiers held the fort ……………… all attacks.
(g) The scheme has fallen ………….. for want of financial support
(h) I gave ……………. all my old books.
Ans: a. down, b. about, c. off, d. over, e. across, f. against, g. through, h. away
(iii) Join the following sentences to make one complete sentence without using ‘and, but or so.’ Choose the correct option.
1. I speak the truth. I am not afraid of it.
(a) I speak the truth being not afraid of it.
(b) I am not afraid of speaking the truth.
(c) I am not afraid for speaking the truth.
(d) I am not afraid to speaking the truth.
Ans. (b) I am not afraid of speaking the truth.
2. He injured his foot. He was running the race.
(a) He injured his foot while running the race.
(b) He injured his foot because he ran in the race.
(e) He was running the race for he injured his foot.
(d) He injured his foot after he was running the race.
Ans. (a) He injured his foot while running the race.
3. Turn to the right. You will find the shop.
(a) You will find the shop before you turn to the right.
(b) Turning to the right, you will find the shop.
(c) You will not find the shop if you turn to the right.
(d) Turning to the right, you may find the shop.
Ans. (b) Turning to the right, you will find the shop. (Simple)
Ans. or, If you turn to the right, you will find the shop. (Complex)
4. Read good books. Then you can improve your language.
(a) By reading good books, you cannot improve your language.
(b) Read good books for you can improve your language.
(c) Unless you read good books, you cannot improve your language.
(d) Unless you read good books you can improve your language.
Ans. (c) Unless you read good books, you cannot improve your language.
Ans. (or) By reading good books, you can improve your language.
(iv) Rewrite the following sentences according to the instructions given after each. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct options.
1. Alexander conquered many countries, yet he was not happy. (Begin: In spite of.....)
(a) In spite of conquering many countries, Alexander was not happy.
(b) In spite of he conquered many countries, yet Alexander was not happy.
(c) In spite of Alexander conquering many countries, yet he is not happy.
(d) In spite of Alexander conquering many countries, yet he was not happy.
Ans. (a) In spite of/Despite conquering many countries, Alexander was not happy.
2. There's no point in taking a loan if we cannot repay it. (Begin: What's.....)
(a) What's the point of taking a loan when we cannot repay it?
(b) What's the point of taking a loan if we will not repay it?
(c) What's the point in taking the loan if we cannot repay it?
(d) What's the point of taking a loan if we should repay it?
Ans. (a) What's the point of taking a loan when we cannot repay it?
3. He had not been invited, otherwise he would have come. (Begin: Had.....)
(a) Had he not been invited otherwise he would have come.
(b) Had he be invited otherwise he would have come.
(c) Had he been invited otherwise he would have come.
(d) Had he been invited he would have come.
Ans. (d) Had he been invited, he would have come.
Ans. (d) If he had been invited, he would have come.
4. Simmi is the best singer we have. (Begin: We don't......)
(a) We don't have a best singer than Simmi.
(b) We don't have a singer as good as Simmi.
c) We didn't have a best singer than Simmi.
Ans. (b) We don't have a singer as good as Simmi.
Ans. or, No other singer we have is so good as Simmi.
Ans. Simmi is better than any other singer we have.
Ans. (b) We don't have a singer as good as Simmi.
5. There is no success without hard work. (Begin: Wherever...)
(a) Wherever there is no hard work, there is no success
(b) Wherever there is hard work, there is success.
(c) Wherever there is hard work, there is no success.
(d) Wherever there is success, there will be hard work.
Ans. (b) Wherever there is hard work, there is success.
6. Nitin requested Bela to wait there till he returned. (Begin: Nitin said.....)
(a) Nitin said Bela wait till I return.
(b) Nitin said to Bela, "Wait there till I return".
(c) Nitin said to Bela to wait here till he returns
(d) Nitin said to Bela, "Wait here till I return".
.Ans. (d) Nitin said to Bela, "Wait here till I return".
7. Crossing the road at a busy junction is dangerous. (Begin: It.....)
(a) It is dangerous to cross the road at a busy junction.
(b) It is dangerous crossing the road at a busy junction.
(c) It is dangerous to cross the road in a busy junction.
(d) It is dangerous crossing the road in a busy junction.
Ans. (a) It is dangerous to cross the road at a busy junction.
Ans. (b) It is dangerous crossing the road at a busy junction.
8. Since Rakesh's leg was fractured, the doctor forbade him to go out. (Use: forbidden to go out.)
(a) Having Rakesh's fractured leg, he was forbidden to go out by the doctor.
(b) Having Rakesh's leg, fractured, he was forbidden to go out by the doctor.
(c) His leg being fractured, Rakesh was forbidden by the doctor to go out.
(d) Having fractured his leg, Rakesh was forbidden to go out by the doctor.
Ans. (c) His leg being fractured, Rakesh was forbidden by the doctor to go out.
THE REST OF THE ANSWER KEYS WILL BE MADE.IN A DIFFERENT POST.
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