Confession is good for the soul
(-) PD-Gopal is not as active as Naresh (+) & less PD- Gopal is less active than Naresh (is).
(-) PD-Namita was not as smart as Susmita (+) & less PD-Namita was less smart than Susmita (was). (-) PD-Nilesh does not bowl as fast Priyesh.
(+) & less PD-Nilesh bowls less fast than Priyesh(docs). (-) PD-England did not score as many runs as India.
(+)& less PD-England scored less runs than India (did). "Sentence order in (+) C.D- First subject+verb+c.d+
than+ second subject. When transformed into (+) & less P.D-Second subject +
verb + less+ p.d +than+ first subject. (+) CD-Gopi is taller than Bapi. (+) & less P.D-Bapi is less tall than Gopi (is).
(+) CD-Sita is prettier than Gita (+) & less PD-Gita is less pretty than Sita (is).
(+) CD-Iron is heavier than paper
(+) & less P.D- Paper is less heavy than iron (is). (+) CD-Mita is more intelligent than Lata.
(+) & less P.D-Lata is less intelligent than Mita (is). (+) CD-Mother is kinder than father.
(+) & less PD-Father is less kind than mother (is).
*Sentence order in (-) C.D-
First subject+verb+not+c.d+than+ second subject. When transformed into (-) & less P.D-
Second subject+ verb +not+less p.d +than+ first subject.
(-) CD-Ram is not cleverer than Hari (-) & less P.D- Hari is not less clever than Ram (is).
(-) CD-England is not richer than America.
(-) & less P.D-America is not less rich than England (is) (-) CD-Rohan does not bat more defensively than Mohan.
.
(-) & less P.D- Mohan does bat not less defensively than
Rohan (bats).
(-) CD-The Indians are not more industrious than the
Japanese. (-) & less PD- The Japanese are not less industrious than the
Indians (are). (-) CD-Aurangjeb was not more popular than Akbar (-) & less PD-Akbar was not less popular than Aurangjeb
.
(was).
2. When the adjectives of more than two nouns are compared the following rules are to be followed. At this time Sperlative degree is used.
Sperlative degree is used in two ways: 1] Single S.D+Noun Singular
2) One of S.D+ Noun plular
From Single Superlative degree + Noun Singular
To P.D- No other + noun singular + verb + as p.d as + + any other + noun
subject (verb). To C.D-Subject+verb+c.d+than
singular (verb).
Examples:
S.D-Rakesh is the best student in our class.
PD-No other student in our class is as good as Rakesh (is). CD-Rakesh is better than any other student (is) in our class. S.D-Mumbai is the most crowded city in India.
PD-No other city in India is as crowded as Mumbai (is).
CD-Mumbai is more crowed than any other city (is) in India.
SD-Maths is the toughest subject for
me.
PD-No other subject for me is as tough as maths (is). CD-Maths is tougher for me than any other subject (is)
.....
Contact with an exemplary character is a rare gift 5D-Honesty is the best policy
PD-No other policy is as good as honesty CD Honesty is better than any other policy SD-She has the sweetest voice I have ever heard. PD-No one else has as sweet a voice as she (has) I have
CD-She has the sweeter voice than anyone else (has)
have ever heard
I
From One of Superlative degree Noun Plural To P.D-Very few/Not many noun plural + verbas
as + subject.
C.D-Subject+verb + c.d+than+many/most other+
few/Not many places in India are as holy a place
CD-Puri is holier than many/most other places (are) in)
SD-Tata is one of the most dependable companies in world.
the
PD-Very few/Not many companies in the world are as
companies (are) in the world. SD-Kapil Dev was one of the best all rounders in the of cricket
p.d
world
PD-Very few/Not many all rounders in the world of cricket
were as good as Kapil Dev (Was).
dependable as Tata (is). CD-Tata is more dependable
CD-Kapil Dev was better than many/most other all rounders (were) in the world of Cricket
SD-Shakespeare was one of the greatest dramatists in PD-Very few/Not many dramatists in English literature
English literature.
CD-Shakespeare was greater than many/most other drama
were as great as Shakespeare (was).
PD-Very few/Not many fruits are as nutritious as coconut (is)
CD-Coconut is more nutritious than many/most other fruits (are).
6. Remove too to' and 'too Too basically expresses a (-) negative or extreme meaning
When too is used in a sentence, it is a simple sentence.
When so that is used, it becomes a complex sentence
(Adverb clause of result). When too is used in a sentence the sentence structure is Subject verb too adjective/ participle/adverb to
verb I(infinitive)+ object
• When transformed (or, so that is used) structure changes + verb+so+ adjective/past participle/adverb+ that
into: •Subject
+pronoun of the subject+ can/could+not, or will/would+ not verb(without to + object.
Cannot is used for present tense and could not is used for Similarly shall/will not, should/would not is used in sentences showing intention/willingness habit/necessity etc
past tense (showing ability).
Examples: He is too miser to give aims to the beggars He is so miser that he will not give alms to the beggars
.......
Contact with an unwanted thing creates taint
1 am too tired to lift such a heavy luggage
I am so tired that I cannot lift such a heavy luggage. You are too young to marry now,
You are so young that you should not marry now. Mother was too busy to check my homework yesterday. Mother was so busy that she could not check my homework
yesterday
The prize winners were too excited to express their feelings The prize winners were so excited that they could not express their feelings The student was sobbing too deeply to make any answer
The student was sobbing so deeply that he could not make
an answer
The speaker was speaking too loudly to attract public attention
The speaker was speaking so loudly that he could not attract public attention "When the subject is not a person, the following rule is
used white removing too. Subject+verb+so+ adjective/past participle that it cannot could not, or will not/would not be + verb 3d form.
Or, Subject+verb+so+adjective/past participle that no
one can/could, or will/would + verb1+ pronoun of the
subject.
The tea is too hot to drink.
The tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk. Or. The tea is so hot that no one can drink it.
The sum was too tough to solve within five minutes The sum was so tough that it could not be solved within five
minutes. Or.
The sam was so tough that no one could solve it within five
nunutes
The class was too noisy to control The closs was so noisy that it could not be controlled. Or,
The class was so noisy that no teacher could control it. Or. The situation was too tense to handle.
The situation was 100 tense that it could not be handled. Or, The situation was too tense that no one could handle it
The match was too uninteresting to enjoy The match was so uninteresting that it could not be enjoyed
Or
The match was so uninteresting that no one could enjoy it But, in the following questions too+ adverbs are used. The matter was handled too carelessly to be successful. The matter was handled so carelessly that it could not be
successful
The question was answered too inattentively to be correct. The question was answered so inattentively that it could not
be correct
Medicines were taken too untimely to have any curable effect Medicines were taken so untimely that they could not have
any curable effect. The advice of the teacher was received too lightly to bear any
positive result The advice of the teacher was received so lightly that it could not bear any positive result. The answers were written too illegibly to understand.
The answers were written so illegibly that they could not be But when subject comes in the form of 'for+object' after the adjective/past participle the following rule is
....
Co-operation is spelt with two letters "we"
used.
Subject + verb + too + adjective/participle +for+ object +to+verb1. Subject+verb+so+ adjective/participle +that+ subject
form of the object + can/could+not+verb1+ object." It is too difficult for me to tackle this problem.
It is so difficult that I cannot tackle this problem. Or This problem is so difficult that I cannot tackle it.
The sum was too tough for the students to work out. The sum was so tough that the students could not solve it
The tea was too hot for her to drink. The tea was so hot that she could not drink it
The road is too rough for the public to walk easily.
The road is so rough that the public cannot walk casily. The dress is too tight for me to wear.
The dress is so tight that I cannot wear it.
Whenever there is no infinitive (to+verb1) after
too+adjective/participle then so/ extremely/very/beyond
limit etc., are used in place of too.
m. 10
The sky is too cloudy today The sky is extremely cloudy today.
The curry was too spicy.
The curry was very spicy. The drink was too impure.
The drink was very impure.
The class is too noisy The class is noisy beyond control.
The student is too unruly The student is unruly beyond limit.
You are too unfit for this important post. You are extremely unfit for this important post.
The movie was too boring.
The movie was extremely boring.
Sometimes 'too'means 'also', here are some examples; Now 'too' comes after the adjective/participle and also
comes after the verb.
He is right too.
He is also right.
They were invited too. They were also invited.
They are absent too.
They are also absent.
Man is mortal too
Man is also mortal.
A beggar has humanity too.
A beggar has also humanity. 7. Remove 'Unless Unless:- 1.If+ not (-)
2.Only if (+)
*Unless: - shows condition, or it makes a complex sentence (An adverb clause of condition),
Whenever unless is replaced by "if not, the sentence is negative(-), and its order is,
*If+subject+helping verb+not+verbl(object/complement)
cond sentence
*Unless can come either in the beginning or in the middle of the sentence
were clc
becomes positive (+).So 'not 'is removed from the
The helping verb is generally do/does,did, am,is, are, was
.....Corn with developed ears bends
second sentence and a positive word is used in place of not verb or a negative word.
Whenever unless and if are used in the beginning. comma () comes after the first sentence.
Whenever unless and if are used in the middle, comma () does not come.
1. Unless If+ subject + do + not+v1+ second sentence. • Children go astray unless parents take proper care of them.
Children go astray if parents do not take proper care of them (-) Children go on the right path only if parents take proper
care of them. (+) • Unless you study sincerely, you cannot pass the test. If you do not study sincerely, you cannot pass the test. (-) You can pass the test only if you read sincerely. (+) Unless soldiers serve loyally, the country will not be safe. If soldiers do not serve loyally, the country will not be safe. ()
The country will be safe only if soldiers serve loyally. (+)
Unless farmers cultivate properly, they cannot reap satisfactorily. If farmers do not cultivate properly, they cannot reap
satisfactorily. (-) Farmers can reap satisfactorily only if they cultivate properly.
(+) Players cannot win a match unless they play seriously Players cannot win a match if they do not play seriously. (-)
Players can win a match only if they play seriously (+) 2. Unless If subject+does+not+1+second sentence. Students do not leave the class unless the closing bell
rings Students do not leave the class if the closing bell does not ring (-)
Students leave the class only if the closing bell rings (+)
• We shall play unless it rains We shall play if it does not rain (-)
We shall play only if it stops raining (+) One cannot be excused unless one confesses.
If one does not confess, one cannot be excused. (-)
One can be excused only if one confesses: (+)
Unless the baby cries, mother does not feed. If the child does not cry, mother does not feed. (-) Mother feeds only if the child cries. (+)
Unless one works hard, one cannot succeed in life. If one does not work hard, one cannot succeed in life (-) One can succeed in life only if one works hard (+)
God becomes displeased unless one leads an honest life. God becomes displeased if one does not lead an honest life (-) God becomes pleased only if one leads an honest life. (+) 3. Unless If subject + did +not+v1+2 sentence Unless you prepared well, you could not pass.
If you did not prepare well, you could not pass. (-) You would fail only if you prepared improperly. (+) You would be punished unless you completed homework. If you did not complete homework, you would be punished. (-) You would be punished only if you failed to complete bomework (+)
The child would cry more unless his mother fed him. The child would cry more if his mother did not feed him. (-) The child would cry more only if his mother failed to feed him (+)
.....
Crooked by nature is never made straight by education
Unless you played a mischief. teacher would not punish you
.
Teacher would not punish you if you did not play a mischief
(-) Teacher would leave you unpunished only if you refrained
from playing a mischief. (+), •Unless it rained, the crops would be affected
The crops would be affected if it did not rain. (-) The crops would be affected only if it stopped raining. (*)
Unless you invited me, I would not go to your marriage
ceremony:
I would not go to your marriage ceremony if you did not
invite me.(-)
I would cancel going to your marriage ceremony only if you 4. Unless If subject+is/am/are/was/were + adjective/
ignored to invite me (+)
participle + second sentence.
Unless you are sincere, you can't pass If you are not sincere, you can't pass. (-)
You can pass only if you are sincere (+) • One should not rest unless one is tired
One should not rest if one is not tired. (-)
One should rest only if one is tired. (+)
I don't lose my temper unless I am teased. I don't lose my temper if I am not teased. (-)
I lose my temper only if I am teased. (+) Unless he was injured, he could play.
If he was not injured, he could play. (-)
He could play only if was free from injury. (+) Unless he was active, he could not pass
If he was not active, he could not pass. (-)
He could pass only if he was active (+)
Students cannot secure high percentage unless moderate questions are set Students cannot secure high percentage if moderate questions
are not set. (-)
Students can secure high percentage only if moderate
questions are set. (+)
Results become unimpressive unless students are taught
properly.
Results become unimpressive if students are not taught
properly (+)
Results become impressive only if students are taught
properly. (-)
8. Remove "Until'
"Until:- 1. Till + not/As long as + not
2. Only when /after
Until- shows time and it makes a complex sentence (An adverb clause of time)
When until is replaced by 'till+not'/ 'as long as + not. the sentence is negative(-), and its order is: Till/As long as subject+helping verb+not+verb(object/ .
complement)+second sentence
Like unless, until too can come either in the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
The helping verb is generally do/does.did, is, am, are, was
were etc..
When until is replaced by only when/only after the sentence becomes positive (+). So 'not' is removed from the second sentence and a positive word is used in place of "not verb or
a negative word.
When until and as long as/till are used in the begin-
.....
Crookedness and confines are characteristics of the foul dealer
ning comma () comes before the 2 sentence When until and as long as /till are used in the middle
comina () does not come
1. Until Till As long as subicct do not+v+2
Wait here until I return
Wait here slim long as 1 do not return. (-)
Stop waiting here only when/after I return (4) Children go astray until parents take proper care of thein
care of thein (
proper care of them (+)
Until you shody sincerely, you cannot pass the test
Tillas long as you do not study sincerely, you cannot pass the
seat (-)
Children go astray tillas long as parents do not take proper Children go on the right path only when after parents take
You can pass the test only when/after you study sincerely. (4) Until soldiers serve loyally, the country will not be safe. Tillas long as soldiers do not serve loyally, the country will not be safe (-)
The country will be safe only whewafter soldiers serve Until farmers cultivate properly, they cannot reap
locally (-)
stidfactorily
Tillas long as farmers do not cultivate properly, they cannot reup satisfactonly (-) Farmers can reap satisfactorily only when/after they cultivate
properly. (+)
Players cannot win a match until they play seriously Players cannot win a match till as long as they do not play seriously (-)
Players can win a match only when/after they play seriously
2. Until-Till/As long as subject does not + v1+ 2
Students do not leave the class until the closing bell rings.
Students do not leave the class till as long as the closing bell does not ring. ( Students leave the class only when after the closing bell
rings (+)
We shall play until it rains We shall play till/as long as it does not rain. (-)
We shall stop playing only when/after it rains (+)
One cannot be excused until one confesses
Till'as long as one does not confess, one cannot be excused (-) One can be excused only when/after one confesses (+) Until the baby cries, mother does not feed
Tulas long as the child does not cry, mother does not food (-)
Mochier feeds only when/after the child cries (
Until one works hard, one cannot succeed in life. Tillas long as one does not work hard, one cannot succeed in
One can succeed in life only when'aller one works hard (+) God becomes displeased until one leads an honest life God becomes displeased till/as long as one does not lead an
honest life (-)
Clod bocanes pleased only whewater one leads an honest le
One cannot remember a rule until one understands it One cunct restiember a rule till as long as one does not understand it. (-)
....
Customs without reason is but an ancient error.
One can remember a rule only when/after one understands Ⅱ (+)
not realize them. (-)
One does not rectify one's mistakes until one realizes them One does not rectify one's mistakes till/as long as one does One rectifies one's mistakes only when/after one realizes
them
•God does not punish until one commits a blunder God does not punish till/as long as one does not commit a
blunder, (-)
God punish only when/after one commits a blunder. (+)
• The court cannot try a culprit until it collects solid evidence The court cannot try a culprit till/as long as it does not collec
against him.
solid evidence against him. (-) The court dan try a culprit only when/after it collects solid evidence against him, (+)
The result of a cricket match cannot be declared until the
last ball is bowled
The result of a cricket match cannot be declared till/as long as the last ball is not bowled. (-)
The result of a cricket match can be declared only when/after
the last ball is bowled (+) Success does not come until cent percent effort is applied Success does not come till/as long as cent percent effort is no
applied (-)
Success comes only when/after cent percent effort is applied (+) 3. Until Till/As long as + subject + did+not+v1+2
sentence
Until you prepared well, you could not pass Till/as long as you did not prepare well, you could not pass
(-) You could pass only when/after you prepared properly (+) You would be punished until you completed homework
Tillas long as you did not complete homework, you would be punished. (-)
You would be spareded only when/after you completed homework. (+)
The child would cry more until his mother fed him The child would cry more till/as long as his mother did not
feed him. (-) The child would stop crying more only when/after his mother
fed him (+) Until you played a mischief, teacher would not punish you Teacher would not punish you till/as long as you did not play
a mischief. (-) Teacher would leave you unpunished only when/after you refrained from playing a mischief. (+)
Until it rained, the crops would be affected.
The crops would be affected till/as long as it did not rain (-)
The crops would be affected only when/after it stopped raining. (+)
Until you invited me, I would not go to your marriage
ceremony I would not go to your marriage ceremony till/as long as you did not invite me. (-)
I would cancel going to your marriage ceremony only when after you ignored to invite me. (+) Children played until night fell.
Children played till/as long as night did not fall. (-)
(-) PD-Gopal is not as active as Naresh (+) & less PD- Gopal is less active than Naresh (is).
(-) PD-Namita was not as smart as Susmita (+) & less PD-Namita was less smart than Susmita (was). (-) PD-Nilesh does not bowl as fast Priyesh.
(+) & less PD-Nilesh bowls less fast than Priyesh(docs). (-) PD-England did not score as many runs as India.
(+)& less PD-England scored less runs than India (did). "Sentence order in (+) C.D- First subject+verb+c.d+
than+ second subject. When transformed into (+) & less P.D-Second subject +
verb + less+ p.d +than+ first subject. (+) CD-Gopi is taller than Bapi. (+) & less P.D-Bapi is less tall than Gopi (is).
(+) CD-Sita is prettier than Gita (+) & less PD-Gita is less pretty than Sita (is).
(+) CD-Iron is heavier than paper
(+) & less P.D- Paper is less heavy than iron (is). (+) CD-Mita is more intelligent than Lata.
(+) & less P.D-Lata is less intelligent than Mita (is). (+) CD-Mother is kinder than father.
(+) & less PD-Father is less kind than mother (is).
*Sentence order in (-) C.D-
First subject+verb+not+c.d+than+ second subject. When transformed into (-) & less P.D-
Second subject+ verb +not+less p.d +than+ first subject.
(-) CD-Ram is not cleverer than Hari (-) & less P.D- Hari is not less clever than Ram (is).
(-) CD-England is not richer than America.
(-) & less P.D-America is not less rich than England (is) (-) CD-Rohan does not bat more defensively than Mohan.
.
(-) & less P.D- Mohan does bat not less defensively than
Rohan (bats).
(-) CD-The Indians are not more industrious than the
Japanese. (-) & less PD- The Japanese are not less industrious than the
Indians (are). (-) CD-Aurangjeb was not more popular than Akbar (-) & less PD-Akbar was not less popular than Aurangjeb
.
(was).
2. When the adjectives of more than two nouns are compared the following rules are to be followed. At this time Sperlative degree is used.
Sperlative degree is used in two ways: 1] Single S.D+Noun Singular
2) One of S.D+ Noun plular
From Single Superlative degree + Noun Singular
To P.D- No other + noun singular + verb + as p.d as + + any other + noun
subject (verb). To C.D-Subject+verb+c.d+than
singular (verb).
Examples:
S.D-Rakesh is the best student in our class.
PD-No other student in our class is as good as Rakesh (is). CD-Rakesh is better than any other student (is) in our class. S.D-Mumbai is the most crowded city in India.
PD-No other city in India is as crowded as Mumbai (is).
CD-Mumbai is more crowed than any other city (is) in India.
SD-Maths is the toughest subject for
me.
PD-No other subject for me is as tough as maths (is). CD-Maths is tougher for me than any other subject (is)
.....
Contact with an exemplary character is a rare gift 5D-Honesty is the best policy
PD-No other policy is as good as honesty CD Honesty is better than any other policy SD-She has the sweetest voice I have ever heard. PD-No one else has as sweet a voice as she (has) I have
CD-She has the sweeter voice than anyone else (has)
have ever heard
I
From One of Superlative degree Noun Plural To P.D-Very few/Not many noun plural + verbas
as + subject.
C.D-Subject+verb + c.d+than+many/most other+
few/Not many places in India are as holy a place
CD-Puri is holier than many/most other places (are) in)
SD-Tata is one of the most dependable companies in world.
the
PD-Very few/Not many companies in the world are as
companies (are) in the world. SD-Kapil Dev was one of the best all rounders in the of cricket
p.d
world
PD-Very few/Not many all rounders in the world of cricket
were as good as Kapil Dev (Was).
dependable as Tata (is). CD-Tata is more dependable
CD-Kapil Dev was better than many/most other all rounders (were) in the world of Cricket
SD-Shakespeare was one of the greatest dramatists in PD-Very few/Not many dramatists in English literature
English literature.
CD-Shakespeare was greater than many/most other drama
were as great as Shakespeare (was).
PD-Very few/Not many fruits are as nutritious as coconut (is)
CD-Coconut is more nutritious than many/most other fruits (are).
6. Remove too to' and 'too Too basically expresses a (-) negative or extreme meaning
When too is used in a sentence, it is a simple sentence.
When so that is used, it becomes a complex sentence
(Adverb clause of result). When too is used in a sentence the sentence structure is Subject verb too adjective/ participle/adverb to
verb I(infinitive)+ object
• When transformed (or, so that is used) structure changes + verb+so+ adjective/past participle/adverb+ that
into: •Subject
+pronoun of the subject+ can/could+not, or will/would+ not verb(without to + object.
Cannot is used for present tense and could not is used for Similarly shall/will not, should/would not is used in sentences showing intention/willingness habit/necessity etc
past tense (showing ability).
Examples: He is too miser to give aims to the beggars He is so miser that he will not give alms to the beggars
.......
Contact with an unwanted thing creates taint
1 am too tired to lift such a heavy luggage
I am so tired that I cannot lift such a heavy luggage. You are too young to marry now,
You are so young that you should not marry now. Mother was too busy to check my homework yesterday. Mother was so busy that she could not check my homework
yesterday
The prize winners were too excited to express their feelings The prize winners were so excited that they could not express their feelings The student was sobbing too deeply to make any answer
The student was sobbing so deeply that he could not make
an answer
The speaker was speaking too loudly to attract public attention
The speaker was speaking so loudly that he could not attract public attention "When the subject is not a person, the following rule is
used white removing too. Subject+verb+so+ adjective/past participle that it cannot could not, or will not/would not be + verb 3d form.
Or, Subject+verb+so+adjective/past participle that no
one can/could, or will/would + verb1+ pronoun of the
subject.
The tea is too hot to drink.
The tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk. Or. The tea is so hot that no one can drink it.
The sum was too tough to solve within five minutes The sum was so tough that it could not be solved within five
minutes. Or.
The sam was so tough that no one could solve it within five
nunutes
The class was too noisy to control The closs was so noisy that it could not be controlled. Or,
The class was so noisy that no teacher could control it. Or. The situation was too tense to handle.
The situation was 100 tense that it could not be handled. Or, The situation was too tense that no one could handle it
The match was too uninteresting to enjoy The match was so uninteresting that it could not be enjoyed
Or
The match was so uninteresting that no one could enjoy it But, in the following questions too+ adverbs are used. The matter was handled too carelessly to be successful. The matter was handled so carelessly that it could not be
successful
The question was answered too inattentively to be correct. The question was answered so inattentively that it could not
be correct
Medicines were taken too untimely to have any curable effect Medicines were taken so untimely that they could not have
any curable effect. The advice of the teacher was received too lightly to bear any
positive result The advice of the teacher was received so lightly that it could not bear any positive result. The answers were written too illegibly to understand.
The answers were written so illegibly that they could not be But when subject comes in the form of 'for+object' after the adjective/past participle the following rule is
....
Co-operation is spelt with two letters "we"
used.
Subject + verb + too + adjective/participle +for+ object +to+verb1. Subject+verb+so+ adjective/participle +that+ subject
form of the object + can/could+not+verb1+ object." It is too difficult for me to tackle this problem.
It is so difficult that I cannot tackle this problem. Or This problem is so difficult that I cannot tackle it.
The sum was too tough for the students to work out. The sum was so tough that the students could not solve it
The tea was too hot for her to drink. The tea was so hot that she could not drink it
The road is too rough for the public to walk easily.
The road is so rough that the public cannot walk casily. The dress is too tight for me to wear.
The dress is so tight that I cannot wear it.
Whenever there is no infinitive (to+verb1) after
too+adjective/participle then so/ extremely/very/beyond
limit etc., are used in place of too.
m. 10
The sky is too cloudy today The sky is extremely cloudy today.
The curry was too spicy.
The curry was very spicy. The drink was too impure.
The drink was very impure.
The class is too noisy The class is noisy beyond control.
The student is too unruly The student is unruly beyond limit.
You are too unfit for this important post. You are extremely unfit for this important post.
The movie was too boring.
The movie was extremely boring.
Sometimes 'too'means 'also', here are some examples; Now 'too' comes after the adjective/participle and also
comes after the verb.
He is right too.
He is also right.
They were invited too. They were also invited.
They are absent too.
They are also absent.
Man is mortal too
Man is also mortal.
A beggar has humanity too.
A beggar has also humanity. 7. Remove 'Unless Unless:- 1.If+ not (-)
2.Only if (+)
*Unless: - shows condition, or it makes a complex sentence (An adverb clause of condition),
Whenever unless is replaced by "if not, the sentence is negative(-), and its order is,
*If+subject+helping verb+not+verbl(object/complement)
cond sentence
*Unless can come either in the beginning or in the middle of the sentence
were clc
becomes positive (+).So 'not 'is removed from the
The helping verb is generally do/does,did, am,is, are, was
.....Corn with developed ears bends
second sentence and a positive word is used in place of not verb or a negative word.
Whenever unless and if are used in the beginning. comma () comes after the first sentence.
Whenever unless and if are used in the middle, comma () does not come.
1. Unless If+ subject + do + not+v1+ second sentence. • Children go astray unless parents take proper care of them.
Children go astray if parents do not take proper care of them (-) Children go on the right path only if parents take proper
care of them. (+) • Unless you study sincerely, you cannot pass the test. If you do not study sincerely, you cannot pass the test. (-) You can pass the test only if you read sincerely. (+) Unless soldiers serve loyally, the country will not be safe. If soldiers do not serve loyally, the country will not be safe. ()
The country will be safe only if soldiers serve loyally. (+)
Unless farmers cultivate properly, they cannot reap satisfactorily. If farmers do not cultivate properly, they cannot reap
satisfactorily. (-) Farmers can reap satisfactorily only if they cultivate properly.
(+) Players cannot win a match unless they play seriously Players cannot win a match if they do not play seriously. (-)
Players can win a match only if they play seriously (+) 2. Unless If subject+does+not+1+second sentence. Students do not leave the class unless the closing bell
rings Students do not leave the class if the closing bell does not ring (-)
Students leave the class only if the closing bell rings (+)
• We shall play unless it rains We shall play if it does not rain (-)
We shall play only if it stops raining (+) One cannot be excused unless one confesses.
If one does not confess, one cannot be excused. (-)
One can be excused only if one confesses: (+)
Unless the baby cries, mother does not feed. If the child does not cry, mother does not feed. (-) Mother feeds only if the child cries. (+)
Unless one works hard, one cannot succeed in life. If one does not work hard, one cannot succeed in life (-) One can succeed in life only if one works hard (+)
God becomes displeased unless one leads an honest life. God becomes displeased if one does not lead an honest life (-) God becomes pleased only if one leads an honest life. (+) 3. Unless If subject + did +not+v1+2 sentence Unless you prepared well, you could not pass.
If you did not prepare well, you could not pass. (-) You would fail only if you prepared improperly. (+) You would be punished unless you completed homework. If you did not complete homework, you would be punished. (-) You would be punished only if you failed to complete bomework (+)
The child would cry more unless his mother fed him. The child would cry more if his mother did not feed him. (-) The child would cry more only if his mother failed to feed him (+)
.....
Crooked by nature is never made straight by education
Unless you played a mischief. teacher would not punish you
.
Teacher would not punish you if you did not play a mischief
(-) Teacher would leave you unpunished only if you refrained
from playing a mischief. (+), •Unless it rained, the crops would be affected
The crops would be affected if it did not rain. (-) The crops would be affected only if it stopped raining. (*)
Unless you invited me, I would not go to your marriage
ceremony:
I would not go to your marriage ceremony if you did not
invite me.(-)
I would cancel going to your marriage ceremony only if you 4. Unless If subject+is/am/are/was/were + adjective/
ignored to invite me (+)
participle + second sentence.
Unless you are sincere, you can't pass If you are not sincere, you can't pass. (-)
You can pass only if you are sincere (+) • One should not rest unless one is tired
One should not rest if one is not tired. (-)
One should rest only if one is tired. (+)
I don't lose my temper unless I am teased. I don't lose my temper if I am not teased. (-)
I lose my temper only if I am teased. (+) Unless he was injured, he could play.
If he was not injured, he could play. (-)
He could play only if was free from injury. (+) Unless he was active, he could not pass
If he was not active, he could not pass. (-)
He could pass only if he was active (+)
Students cannot secure high percentage unless moderate questions are set Students cannot secure high percentage if moderate questions
are not set. (-)
Students can secure high percentage only if moderate
questions are set. (+)
Results become unimpressive unless students are taught
properly.
Results become unimpressive if students are not taught
properly (+)
Results become impressive only if students are taught
properly. (-)
8. Remove "Until'
"Until:- 1. Till + not/As long as + not
2. Only when /after
Until- shows time and it makes a complex sentence (An adverb clause of time)
When until is replaced by 'till+not'/ 'as long as + not. the sentence is negative(-), and its order is: Till/As long as subject+helping verb+not+verb(object/ .
complement)+second sentence
Like unless, until too can come either in the beginning or in the middle of the sentence.
The helping verb is generally do/does.did, is, am, are, was
were etc..
When until is replaced by only when/only after the sentence becomes positive (+). So 'not' is removed from the second sentence and a positive word is used in place of "not verb or
a negative word.
When until and as long as/till are used in the begin-
.....
Crookedness and confines are characteristics of the foul dealer
ning comma () comes before the 2 sentence When until and as long as /till are used in the middle
comina () does not come
1. Until Till As long as subicct do not+v+2
Wait here until I return
Wait here slim long as 1 do not return. (-)
Stop waiting here only when/after I return (4) Children go astray until parents take proper care of thein
care of thein (
proper care of them (+)
Until you shody sincerely, you cannot pass the test
Tillas long as you do not study sincerely, you cannot pass the
seat (-)
Children go astray tillas long as parents do not take proper Children go on the right path only when after parents take
You can pass the test only when/after you study sincerely. (4) Until soldiers serve loyally, the country will not be safe. Tillas long as soldiers do not serve loyally, the country will not be safe (-)
The country will be safe only whewafter soldiers serve Until farmers cultivate properly, they cannot reap
locally (-)
stidfactorily
Tillas long as farmers do not cultivate properly, they cannot reup satisfactonly (-) Farmers can reap satisfactorily only when/after they cultivate
properly. (+)
Players cannot win a match until they play seriously Players cannot win a match till as long as they do not play seriously (-)
Players can win a match only when/after they play seriously
2. Until-Till/As long as subject does not + v1+ 2
Students do not leave the class until the closing bell rings.
Students do not leave the class till as long as the closing bell does not ring. ( Students leave the class only when after the closing bell
rings (+)
We shall play until it rains We shall play till/as long as it does not rain. (-)
We shall stop playing only when/after it rains (+)
One cannot be excused until one confesses
Till'as long as one does not confess, one cannot be excused (-) One can be excused only when/after one confesses (+) Until the baby cries, mother does not feed
Tulas long as the child does not cry, mother does not food (-)
Mochier feeds only when/after the child cries (
Until one works hard, one cannot succeed in life. Tillas long as one does not work hard, one cannot succeed in
One can succeed in life only when'aller one works hard (+) God becomes displeased until one leads an honest life God becomes displeased till/as long as one does not lead an
honest life (-)
Clod bocanes pleased only whewater one leads an honest le
One cannot remember a rule until one understands it One cunct restiember a rule till as long as one does not understand it. (-)
....
Customs without reason is but an ancient error.
One can remember a rule only when/after one understands Ⅱ (+)
not realize them. (-)
One does not rectify one's mistakes until one realizes them One does not rectify one's mistakes till/as long as one does One rectifies one's mistakes only when/after one realizes
them
•God does not punish until one commits a blunder God does not punish till/as long as one does not commit a
blunder, (-)
God punish only when/after one commits a blunder. (+)
• The court cannot try a culprit until it collects solid evidence The court cannot try a culprit till/as long as it does not collec
against him.
solid evidence against him. (-) The court dan try a culprit only when/after it collects solid evidence against him, (+)
The result of a cricket match cannot be declared until the
last ball is bowled
The result of a cricket match cannot be declared till/as long as the last ball is not bowled. (-)
The result of a cricket match can be declared only when/after
the last ball is bowled (+) Success does not come until cent percent effort is applied Success does not come till/as long as cent percent effort is no
applied (-)
Success comes only when/after cent percent effort is applied (+) 3. Until Till/As long as + subject + did+not+v1+2
sentence
Until you prepared well, you could not pass Till/as long as you did not prepare well, you could not pass
(-) You could pass only when/after you prepared properly (+) You would be punished until you completed homework
Tillas long as you did not complete homework, you would be punished. (-)
You would be spareded only when/after you completed homework. (+)
The child would cry more until his mother fed him The child would cry more till/as long as his mother did not
feed him. (-) The child would stop crying more only when/after his mother
fed him (+) Until you played a mischief, teacher would not punish you Teacher would not punish you till/as long as you did not play
a mischief. (-) Teacher would leave you unpunished only when/after you refrained from playing a mischief. (+)
Until it rained, the crops would be affected.
The crops would be affected till/as long as it did not rain (-)
The crops would be affected only when/after it stopped raining. (+)
Until you invited me, I would not go to your marriage
ceremony I would not go to your marriage ceremony till/as long as you did not invite me. (-)
I would cancel going to your marriage ceremony only when after you ignored to invite me. (+) Children played until night fell.
Children played till/as long as night did not fall. (-)
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